JP2003290938A - Friction agitation joining method and friction agitation joining joint - Google Patents
Friction agitation joining method and friction agitation joining jointInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003290938A JP2003290938A JP2002104482A JP2002104482A JP2003290938A JP 2003290938 A JP2003290938 A JP 2003290938A JP 2002104482 A JP2002104482 A JP 2002104482A JP 2002104482 A JP2002104482 A JP 2002104482A JP 2003290938 A JP2003290938 A JP 2003290938A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- friction stir
- stir welding
- plate
- joining
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、押し出し成形された
形材を互いに突き合わせ、その突き合わせ面を接合する
摩擦撹拌接合方法に関するものであり、上記形材の押し
出し成形の板厚の製作誤差の大小に関わらず、接合ピン
が接合部を貫通してベッド表面を削るなどして金属がベ
ッド表面に焼き付き付くことや、接合ピンの未到達によ
るＫｉｓｓｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄ（未接合部）の発生を未然
に回避できるものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a friction stir welding method in which extruded shape members are butted against each other and the abutting surfaces thereof are joined to each other. Regardless of this, it is possible to avoid the metal sticking to the bed surface by the joining pin penetrating the joining portion and scraping the bed surface, and the occurrence of a Kissing Bond (unjoined portion) due to the arrival of the joining pin. It is a thing.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】アルミニウム合金製板材を突き合わせ
て、この突き合わせ面を摩擦撹拌接合する場合、図６に
示すように、摩擦撹拌接合工具の接合ピン３の周囲及び
その先端近傍が撹拌され、加熱軟化して接合されるので
あるが、接合ピン３の長さは接合部の基準板厚を基準に
して、板厚変動に関わらず、接合ピンが接合部を突き抜
けて、ベッドを削るなどの異常事態を避けるために、そ
の先端が突き合わせ面の下端よりも若干上方に位置する
長さに選定されている。この接合ピンの先端と突き合わ
せ面の下端との間の長さが許容残余厚さ（接合ピンの先
端近傍で軟化して接合される厚さ）に等しいときは問題
がない。なお、この許容残余厚さは、接合ピンの直径が
大きい方が大きく、接合ピンの直径が５ｍｍの場合０．
２ｍｍ程度である。2. Description of the Related Art When aluminum alloy sheet materials are butted and the butted surfaces are friction stir welded, as shown in FIG. 6, the periphery of the welding pin 3 of the friction stir welding tool and the vicinity of its tip are agitated to heat and soften. However, the length of the joining pin 3 is based on the reference plate thickness of the joining part, and the joining pin penetrates the joining part regardless of the plate thickness variation, and an abnormal situation such as cutting the bed is performed. In order to avoid the above, the length is selected so that the tip is located slightly above the lower end of the abutting surface. There is no problem when the length between the tip of the joining pin and the lower end of the butting surface is equal to the allowable residual thickness (thickness that is softened and joined near the tip of the joining pin). The allowable residual thickness is larger when the diameter of the joining pin is larger, and is 0 .. when the diameter of the joining pin is 5 mm.
It is about 2 mm.
【０００３】図６に示す接合方法の場合、図６（ｂ）に
示すように、接合ピンの先端と突き合わせ面の下端（接
合部の下面）との間の間隔が許容残余厚さよりも小さ過
ぎると、接合ピンの先端が接合部から突き抜けてベッド
表面を削って金属がベッドに焼き付いて固着するという
問題を生じる。因みにいえば、定盤（ベッド）の表面に
溝を形成することによってこれらの問題の発生を避ける
手法も知られている。反対に、上記間隔が許容残余厚さ
よりも大き過ぎると、図６（ｃ）のように、突き合わせ
面の下端に未接合部（Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄ）を生
じることになる。In the case of the joining method shown in FIG. 6, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the distance between the tip of the joining pin and the lower end of the abutting surface (the lower surface of the joining portion) is too smaller than the allowable residual thickness. Then, there arises a problem that the tip of the joining pin penetrates through the joining portion to scrape the bed surface and the metal is seized and fixed to the bed. Incidentally, a method of avoiding these problems by forming a groove on the surface of the surface plate (bed) is also known. On the other hand, if the gap is too larger than the allowable residual thickness, an unbonded portion (Kissing Bond) will be formed at the lower end of the abutting surface, as shown in FIG. 6C.
【０００４】他方、押し出し成形されたアルミニウム合
金製板材の端部板厚は、製作誤差のためにその長手方向
において板厚がある範囲で変化する。この製作誤差によ
る板厚の変化は、現在の押し出し成形技術においては、
基準板厚ｔの大小にはほぼ無関係であるから、基準板厚
ｔが薄い程、板厚製作誤差の基準板厚に対する割合は増
大する。例えば、基準板厚が４ｍｍのものの板厚製作誤
差は±０．２〜±０．５ｍｍの程度であり、基準板厚が
２ｍｍのものの板厚製作公差も±０．２〜０．±５ｍｍ
程度である。基準板厚が大きい場合は、この製作誤差が
突き合わせ接合の品質に与える影響は小さいが、基準板
厚が小さい（例えば基準板厚が２ｍｍ）場合は、この製
作誤差による板厚変化の割合が大きく、そのため接合品
質に与える影響が大きい。On the other hand, the end plate thickness of the extruded aluminum alloy plate member varies within a certain range in the longitudinal direction due to manufacturing error. The change in plate thickness due to this manufacturing error is
Since the reference plate thickness t is substantially irrelevant, the smaller the reference plate thickness t, the greater the ratio of the plate thickness manufacturing error to the reference plate thickness. For example, when the reference plate thickness is 4 mm, the plate thickness manufacturing error is about ± 0.2 to ± 0.5 mm, and when the reference plate thickness is 2 mm, the plate thickness manufacturing tolerance is ± 0.2 to 0. ± 5 mm
It is a degree. When the reference plate thickness is large, this manufacturing error has a small effect on the quality of the butt joint, but when the reference plate thickness is small (for example, the reference plate thickness is 2 mm), the change in plate thickness due to this manufacturing error is large. Therefore, it has a great influence on the joining quality.
【０００５】上記板材を互いに突き合わせてその突き合
わせ面を摩擦撹拌接合するには、接合ピンがワーク（板
材）の裏側（接合ピンを挿入する側と反対側）に貫通す
るなどして接合不良が生じることがないように、また、
突き合わせ面の厚さに対して接合ピンが短か過ぎて、Ｋ
ｉｓｓｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄと呼ばれる未接合部を生じるこ
とがないようにすることが必要である。このために、基
準板厚ｔの違いに対しては、接合ピンを所定の長さのも
のに交換して、接合ピンの突っ込み深さ（接合面への接
合ピンの挿入深さ）を変えて摩擦撹拌接合し、また、製
作誤差による接合端部の板厚変動に対しては、接合端部
の板厚を検知し、板厚検知データに基づいて接合ピンの
突っ込み深さを自動調整して、上記接合ピンの貫通等に
よる接合不良、また、Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄの発生
による接合不良を回避するようにしている。この接合ピ
ンの突っ込み深さは、高精度に制御されなければなら
ず、板厚が薄いほどこの傾向が強い。したがって、これ
が摩擦撹拌接合の低コスト化の障害の一つになってい
る。When the above plate members are butted against each other and the abutting surfaces are friction stir welded, the joining pin penetrates the back side of the work (plate member) (the side opposite to the side where the joining pin is inserted), resulting in poor joining. Like never
The joint pin is too short for the thickness of the butt surface,
It is necessary to prevent the occurrence of unbonded portions called issing Bonds. For this reason, for the difference in the reference plate thickness t, the joining pin is replaced with one having a predetermined length, and the plunging depth of the joining pin (the insertion depth of the joining pin into the joining surface) is changed. Friction stir welding is performed, and if there is a variation in the thickness of the joining end due to manufacturing errors, the thickness of the joining end is detected and the plunge depth of the joining pin is automatically adjusted based on the thickness detection data. In addition, it is possible to avoid the defective joint due to the penetration of the aforementioned joint pin or the like, and the defective joint due to the occurrence of the Kissing Bond. The plunge depth of the joining pin must be controlled with high accuracy, and this tendency becomes stronger as the plate thickness becomes thinner. Therefore, this is one of the obstacles to cost reduction of friction stir welding.
【０００６】また、例えば、図５に示すような突き合わ
せ構造にして、その突き合わせ面を摩擦撹拌接合するも
のが特開平１１−２８５８６３号公報に記載されてい
る。このものは、接合する中空形材の両板端部を厚肉部
にし、リブが形成されている側の一方の中空形材のリブ
の上方部に横方向の突出片を設け、突き合わせ端部を断
面Ｌ形状にし、上記突出片の上面に他方の中空形材の板
端部（厚肉部）を重ねて両板端部を突き合わせ、その突
き合わせ面に接合ピンを突っ込んで摩擦撹拌接合するも
のである。この摩擦撹拌接合方法は、摩擦撹拌接合工具
の大径部（回転円筒体に相当するもの）の下端面を厚肉
部内に若干くい込ませ、上記大径部の下端面から突出し
ている小径部（接合ピン）の先端位置を上記突出片に至
らせるか、またはその近傍に至らせるように挿入して、
突き合わせ面の全面を接合するようにしている。Further, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-285863 discloses a structure having a butt structure as shown in FIG. 5, and the butt surfaces are friction stir welded. In this product, both ends of the hollow shape members to be joined are made thicker, and a horizontal protruding piece is provided above the rib of the hollow shape member on the side where the ribs are formed. Has an L-shaped cross-section, the plate ends (thick parts) of the other hollow member are overlapped on the upper surface of the projecting piece, both plate ends are abutted, and a joining pin is inserted into the abutting face for friction stir welding Is. In this friction stir welding method, the lower end surface of the large diameter portion (corresponding to a rotary cylinder) of the friction stir welding tool is slightly inserted into the thick portion, and the small diameter portion (projected from the lower end surface of the large diameter portion ( Insert it so that the tip position of the (joint pin) reaches the above-mentioned protruding piece or near it.
The entire butting surface is joined.
【０００７】ところが、このように小径部（接合ピン）
の先端を、突き合わせ端部の上記突出片に至らせる場
合、中空形材の板厚の製作公差（製作誤差）が±０．２
〜±０．５ｍｍ程度あるので、例えば公差が±０．５で
誤差＋０．５ｍｍの厚さのところでは、接合ピンの下端
面（先端面）が突き合わせ面の下端（突出片の上面）か
ら０．５ｍｍ分だけ上方にずれた位置になり、接合ピン
の先端からの許容残余厚さ（接合ピン先端から先方にさ
らに軟化されて接合される厚さ）が０．２ｍｍあるとし
ても、０．３ｍｍの未接合部分が生じ、その部分が継ぎ
手部の疲労強度を低下させる原因になる。この従来技術
では、上記の問題を解消するために、板厚の変化を検出
し、レーザ光線で接合ピンの突っ込み深さを測定し、板
厚変化に対して接合ピンの突っ込み深さを自動調整しな
がら摩擦撹拌接合している。However, as described above, the small diameter portion (joint pin)
When the tip of the is brought to the above protruding piece at the abutting end, the manufacturing tolerance (manufacturing error) of the plate thickness of the hollow shape member is ± 0.2.
Since it is about ± 0.5 mm, for example, at a thickness of tolerance ± 0.5 and error +0.5 mm, the lower end surface (tip surface) of the joining pin is 0 from the lower end of the abutting surface (upper surface of the protruding piece). 0.3 mm even if the allowable residual thickness from the tip of the joining pin (thickness that is further softened and joined from the tip of the joining pin) is 0.2 mm Unjoined portion of the joint is generated, and that portion becomes a cause of reducing the fatigue strength of the joint portion. In this conventional technique, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the change in the plate thickness is detected, the plunge depth of the joining pin is measured with a laser beam, and the plunge depth of the joining pin is automatically adjusted with respect to the change in the plate thickness. While doing friction stir welding.
【０００８】他方、摩擦撹拌接合工具の接合ピンの押し
込み力とその接合ピンの突っ込み深さの関係はほぼ一定
であり、押し込み力を一定にすることで、接合ピンの突
っ込み深さを一定に保持できることが実験的に確認され
ており、この押し込み力を一定に制御して摩擦撹拌接合
する方法は、接合ピンの突っ込み深さを極めて簡単に制
御できるので、その接合コスト、接合能率の面において
優れている。しかし、この接合方法では、接合部の板厚
の製作誤差の変動に対する突っ込み深さの追従制御がで
きず、したがって、接合ピンの貫通などによる接合不
良、Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄによる接合不良の発生を
回避することができない。このため、この摩擦撹拌接合
における上記接合不良を防止できる接合方法の工夫が求
められる。On the other hand, the relationship between the pushing force of the welding pin of the friction stir welding tool and the plunging depth of the welding pin is almost constant, and the plunging depth of the welding pin is kept constant by making the pushing force constant. It has been experimentally confirmed that this can be achieved by the friction stir welding method by controlling the pushing force to a constant level, because the plunging depth of the welding pin can be controlled very easily, which is excellent in terms of welding cost and welding efficiency. ing. However, according to this joining method, it is not possible to control the plunge depth with respect to variations in the manufacturing error of the plate thickness of the joining portion, and therefore, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of joining failure due to penetration of the joining pin or the like and joining failure due to the Kissing Bond. I can't. Therefore, it is required to devise a joining method capable of preventing the above-mentioned joining failure in the friction stir welding.
【０００９】[0009]
【解決しようとする課題】この発明は、押し出し形材の
板厚の製作誤差による板厚変化に関わらず、接合ピンの
先端が形材を貫通して接合ピンの先端でベッド表面を削
るなどのために金属がベッドに焼き付くことがなく、ま
た、接合ピン先端の未到達による未接合部が生じないよ
うに、その摩擦撹拌接合方法、そのための形材突き合わ
せ構造を工夫することをその課題とするものである。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the tip of the joining pin penetrates the profile and scrapes the bed surface with the tip of the joining pin regardless of the variation in the sheet thickness due to the manufacturing error of the sheet thickness of the extruded shape member. Therefore, the metal is not seized on the bed, and the problem is to devise the friction stir welding method and the shape member butting structure therefor so as not to cause an unwelded portion due to the arrival of the tip of the joining pin. It is a thing.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するために講じた手段】上記課題を解決す
るために講じた手段は、押し出し形材の板端部を互いに
突き合わせ、その突き合わせ面を接合する摩擦撹拌接合
方法を前提として、次の（イ）、（ロ）、（ハ）によっ
て構成されるものである。
（イ）板端部を互いに突き合わせる一方の押し出し形材
の板端部は断面Ｌ形状に形成されており、（ロ）他方の
押し出し形材の板端部を上記一方の押し出し形材の断面
Ｌ形状の平板部に重ねて、その先端面を上記断面Ｌ形の
板端部の端面に突き合わせたとき、両板端部の上面を面
一にするとともに、両形材の下面を面一にし、（ハ）上
記押し出し形材の板端部の最大公差の厚さと等しい長さ
の接合ピンを備えた摩擦撹拌接合工具で上記突き合わせ
面を摩擦撹拌接合すること。なお、上記の「最大公差の
厚さと等しい」は、最大公差時の板厚に等しいことを意
味する。[Means taken for solving the problems] Means taken for solving the above problems are as follows on the premise of a friction stir welding method in which plate ends of extruded frame members are butted against each other and the butted surfaces are joined. It is composed of (a), (b) and (c). (A) The plate end of one extruded frame member in which the plate end parts are butted against each other is formed to have an L-shaped cross section, and (b) the plate end part of the other extruded frame member is formed to have a cross section of the one extruded frame member. When the tip end face is abutted against the end face of the plate end portion having the L-shaped cross section, the top faces of both plate end portions are flush with each other and the bottom faces of both profile members are flush with each other. (C) Friction stir welding the abutting surfaces with a friction stir welding tool provided with a welding pin having a length equal to the maximum tolerance thickness of the plate end portion of the extruded shape member. The above "equal to the thickness of the maximum tolerance" means equal to the plate thickness at the maximum tolerance.
【００１１】[0011]
【作用】一方の押し出し形材の板端部を断面Ｌ形状に
し、他方の押し出し形材の板端部を厚肉にして、当該他
方の押し出し形材の板端部を上記一方の押し出し形材の
断面Ｌ形状の平板部に重ねて、その先端面を上記断面Ｌ
形の垂直端面に突き合わせたとき、両板端部の上面を面
一にするとともに、両形材の下面を面一にし、上記他方
の押し出し形材（以下、「形材」という）の厚肉部の最
大公差時の厚さと等しい長さの接合ピンを備えた摩擦撹
拌接合工具で上記突き合せ面を摩擦撹拌接合するから、
形材の板端部の板厚が最大のときでも、接合ピンの先端
が接合面の下端に到達しており、したがって、接合ピン
先端の未到達によってＫｉｓｓｉｎｇＢｏｎｄ部を生じ
ることはない。The plate end of one extruded frame has an L-shaped cross section, the plate end of the other extruded frame has a thick wall, and the plate end of the other extruded frame is the one extruded frame. Of the cross-section L-shaped flat plate portion,
When the vertical end faces of the shape are butted, the upper surfaces of both plate ends are flush with each other, and the lower surfaces of both profile members are flush with each other, and the other extruded profile member (hereinafter referred to as “profile member”) is thick-walled. Since the friction stir welding tool is equipped with a welding pin having a length equal to the thickness of the maximum tolerance of the part, the abutting surface is friction stir welding,
Even when the plate thickness of the plate end portion of the shape member is maximum, the tip of the joining pin reaches the lower end of the joining surface, and therefore, the Kissing Bond portion does not occur due to the arrival of the joining pin tip.
【００１２】他方、上記形材の板端部の板厚が最小のと
き、接合ピンの先端が接合面の下端から、上記一方の形
材の上記断面Ｌ形状の平板部に食い込むが、この平板部
の厚さを、接合ピンの突っ込み深さが一定でもその先端
近傍の軟化範囲が当該平板部の下面に達しない程度に設
定することによって、接合ピンの先端が上記平板部を貫
通してベッド表面を削るなどによって金属がベッド表面
に焼き付くことはなく、したがって、これらの現象によ
る接合不良を生じることはない。On the other hand, when the plate thickness of the plate end portion of the above-mentioned shape member is the minimum, the tip of the joining pin bites from the lower end of the joining surface into the flat plate portion of the above-mentioned one shape member having the L-shaped cross section. By setting the thickness of the portion such that the softening range near the tip of the joining pin does not reach the lower surface of the flat plate portion even if the plunging depth of the joining pin is constant, the tip of the joining pin penetrates the flat plate portion and the bed The metal is not burned onto the bed surface by scraping the surface, and therefore, the bonding failure due to these phenomena does not occur.
【００１３】それゆえ、製作誤差による突き合わせ端部
の板厚の変動に関わらず、接合ピンの接合部への突っ込
み深さをほぼ一定に制御しながら、上記板厚の変化に因
る接合不良を生じることなしに、能率的に摩擦撹拌接合
を行うことができる。なお、摩擦撹拌接合工具の円筒体
（図６における円筒体１２）の下面で板材の接合部上面
を削り、この削り代（図６参照）分だけ接合ピンの下端
が下がるが、この削り代がほぼ一定に制御される場合
（摩擦撹拌接合工具に対する押し付け力を一定に制御す
ることによって、削り代をほぼ一定にすることができ
る）は、上記の接合ピンの長さの設定を上記削り代を考
慮して、それに応じて修正すればよい。Therefore, irrespective of the variation in the plate thickness at the butt ends due to manufacturing error, the defective contact due to the above-mentioned change in the plate thickness can be prevented while controlling the depth of the piercing of the joining pin into the joint part to be substantially constant. Friction stir welding can be carried out efficiently without occurring. In addition, the lower surface of the cylindrical body (the cylindrical body 12 in FIG. 6) of the friction stir welding tool is used to scrape the upper surface of the joining portion of the plate material, and the lower end of the joining pin is lowered by the scraping allowance (see FIG. 6). When controlled to be almost constant (the cutting allowance can be made almost constant by controlling the pressing force against the friction stir welding tool to be constant), set the length of the above-mentioned welding pin to the above cutting allowance. You should consider and modify accordingly.
【００１４】また、上記接合ピンの長さに製作誤差があ
るのは当然であるから、この製作誤差乃至はこれ相当分
の接合ピンの長さの違いは、押し出し形材の板端部の最
大公差時の厚さと接合ピンの長さが「等しい」範囲内で
ある。また、基準板厚ｔに対する公差が±ａから±ｂ
（ａ＜ｂ）のとき、最大公差時の厚さ（ｔ＋ｂ）と等し
い長さの接合ピンを用いて、公差±ａのもの（板厚ｔ±
ａ）を接合するときは、接合ピンの長さは最大板厚（ｔ
＋ａ）よりも大きいので、Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄを
生じることはない。また、このときの接合ピンの接合基
準面（図４（ｂ）の符号１３）からの突出長さは、板厚
が（ｔ−ａ）のとき最大の（ｂ＋ａ）になるが、この突
出長さ（ｂ＋ａ）は、基準板厚ｔに対する誤差が±ｂの
場合における最大突出長さ（ｂ＋ｂ）よりも小さいの
で、上記平板部の板厚が、同公差が±ｂの場合と同様で
あるとすれば、上記許容残余厚さが不足するという問題
を生じることはない。Further, since it is natural that there is a manufacturing error in the length of the above-mentioned joining pin, this manufacturing error or a difference in length of the joining pin corresponding to this is the maximum in the plate end portion of the extruded frame member. The tolerance thickness and the length of the joining pin are within the "equal" range. Also, the tolerance for the reference plate thickness t is ± a to ± b
When (a <b), a joint pin having a length equal to the thickness (t + b) at the maximum tolerance is used and the tolerance is ± a (plate thickness t ±
When joining a), the length of the joining pin is the maximum plate thickness (t
Since it is larger than + a), no Kissing Bond occurs. Further, the protrusion length from the joint reference surface (reference numeral 13 in FIG. 4B) of the joint pin at this time becomes the maximum (b + a) when the plate thickness is (t−a). Since the thickness (b + a) is smaller than the maximum protruding length (b + b) when the error with respect to the reference plate thickness t is ± b, the plate thickness of the flat plate portion is the same as when the tolerance is ± b. If so, the problem that the allowable residual thickness is insufficient does not occur.
【００１５】さらに、接合ピンの長さが板端部の最大公
差時の厚さよりも長ければ、Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄ
を生じることはないが、この場合は、その接合ピンが上
記の最大公差時の厚さよりも長い分だけ、上記基準接合
面からの突出長さが上記の場合に比して長くなる。しか
し、この場合でも上記許容残余厚さが確保されるように
上記平板部の板厚を選択すれば特に問題はない。したが
って、接合ピンの長さを板端部の最大公差時の厚さより
も長くすることもできる。Further, if the length of the joining pin is longer than the thickness at the maximum tolerance of the plate end portion, the Kissing Bond
However, in this case, the protrusion length from the reference joint surface becomes longer than that in the above case because the joint pin is longer than the thickness at the maximum tolerance. However, even in this case, there is no particular problem if the plate thickness of the flat plate portion is selected so as to ensure the above-mentioned allowable residual thickness. Therefore, the length of the joining pin can be made longer than the thickness of the plate end portion at the maximum tolerance.
【００１６】なお、上記平板部にも製作公差があり、こ
の範囲で製造誤差がある。そして上記説明における平板
部の板厚は、上記余剰残余厚さを確保するために必要な
板厚であるから、製造誤差による最小板厚を意味する。The flat plate portion also has manufacturing tolerances, and there are manufacturing errors in this range. The plate thickness of the flat plate portion in the above description is the plate thickness necessary to secure the above surplus residual thickness, and therefore means the minimum plate thickness due to manufacturing error.
【００１７】[0017]
【実施態様１】実施態様１は、解決手段１による摩擦撹
拌接合方法について、摩擦撹拌接合工具に対する押し付
け力を一定に保持することである。[Embodiment 1] Embodiment 1 is to maintain the pressing force against the friction stir welding tool constant in the friction stir welding method by the solving means 1.
【作用】アルミニウム合金製押し出し成形板材を摩擦撹
拌接合するとき、摩擦撹拌接合工具の押し付け力と接合
ピンの接合部への突っ込み深さとは一定の関係にあり、
摩擦撹拌接合工具の押し付け力を一定にすることによっ
て接合ピンの接合部への突っ込み深さは一定に保持され
ることが確認されている。そして、摩擦撹拌接合工具に
対する押し付け力は極めて簡単な制御によって一定に保
持される。したがって、解決手段１による摩擦撹拌接合
を簡単な制御によって、能率的に行うことができる。[Operation] When friction stir welding of aluminum alloy extruded plate materials, there is a constant relationship between the pressing force of the friction stir welding tool and the depth of the welding of the welding pin.
It has been confirmed that by making the pressing force of the friction stir welding tool constant, the plunge depth of the welding pin into the joint can be kept constant. The pressing force against the friction stir welding tool is kept constant by a very simple control. Therefore, the friction stir welding by the solving means 1 can be efficiently performed by simple control.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施態様２】実施態様２は、上記実施態様１におけ
る、摩擦撹拌接合工具を一定の押し付け力で押さえる手
段が空気圧シリンダーであることである。Embodiment 2 Embodiment 2 is that the means for pressing the friction stir welding tool in Embodiment 1 with a constant pressing force is a pneumatic cylinder.
【作用】空気圧を調整することによって押し付け力を正
確に制御できるので、摩擦撹拌接合工具を一定の押し付
け力で押さえる手段を簡便に構成することができる。Since the pressing force can be accurately controlled by adjusting the air pressure, the means for pressing the friction stir welding tool with a constant pressing force can be simply constructed.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施態様３】実施態様３は、上記実施態様１におけ
る、摩擦撹拌接合工具を一定の押し付け力で押さえる手
段が電動サーボモータであることである。[Embodiment 3] Embodiment 3 is that the means for pressing the friction stir welding tool in Embodiment 1 with a constant pressing force is an electric servomotor.
【００２０】[0020]
【実施態様４】実施態様４は、実施態様２における押し
付け力をロードセルで検出し、この検出データをフィー
ドバックして、上記手段を押し付け力が一定になるよう
に制御することである。Fourth Embodiment A fourth embodiment is to detect the pressing force in the second embodiment with a load cell and feed back the detection data to control the above means so that the pressing force becomes constant.
【００２１】[0021]
【実施態様５】実施態様４は、上記解決手段の摩擦撹拌
接合方法において、アルミニウム合金製押し出し成形板
材上面と摩擦撹拌接合工具の駆動装置との間の距離を距
離センサで測定し、当該測定データにより、摩擦撹拌接
合工具の上下方向位置が上記距離の変化に追従して変化
するように、上記駆動装置の上下方向位置を調整するこ
とである。Fifth Embodiment In the fourth embodiment, in the friction stir welding method of the above-mentioned solving means, the distance between the upper surface of the aluminum alloy extruded plate material and the driving device of the friction stir welding tool is measured with a distance sensor, and the measured data is obtained. Thus, the vertical position of the drive unit is adjusted so that the vertical position of the friction stir welding tool changes following the change in the distance.
【００２２】[0022]
【作用】ベッドの表面は微小にうねっている。そして、
ワーク（板材）は接合部をベッド上面に押し付けられる
ので、その上面高さがベッド表面の上記うねりの影響を
受けて変化する。予めベッドのうねりを計測しておき、
当該計測データと、成形板材上面と摩擦撹拌接合工具の
駆動装置との間の距離データとに基づいて、上記駆動装
置の上下方向位置を調整することによって、上記ベッド
のうねりによるワーク上面高さの変化分が補償されるか
ら、接合ピンの接合部への挿入深さを、摩擦撹拌接合工
具に対する押し付け力に比例させて一定に制御すること
ができる。[Function] The surface of the bed is slightly wavy. And
Since the joint portion of the work (plate material) is pressed against the bed upper surface, the height of the upper surface changes under the influence of the undulation of the bed surface. Measure the swell of the bed in advance,
Based on the measurement data and the distance data between the upper surface of the forming plate and the driving device of the friction stir welding tool, by adjusting the vertical position of the driving device, the work top surface height due to the waviness of the bed is adjusted. Since the variation is compensated for, the insertion depth of the welding pin into the welded portion can be controlled to be constant in proportion to the pressing force applied to the friction stir welding tool.
【００２３】[0023]
【実施態様６】実施態様５は、実施態様４における距離
センサが光学的距離センサであることである。Sixth Embodiment A fifth embodiment is that the distance sensor in the fourth embodiment is an optical distance sensor.
【００２４】[0024]
【作用】接合部表面の異物や微小な凹凸の影響を排除し
て、正確に上記距離を測定することができる。The above distance can be accurately measured by eliminating the influence of foreign matter and minute irregularities on the surface of the joint.
【００２５】[0025]
【実施態様７】実施態様６は、実施態様４における距離
センサがポテンシオメータを用いた距離測定器等による
接触式距離測定器であることである。Seventh Embodiment A sixth embodiment is that the distance sensor in the fourth embodiment is a contact type distance measuring device such as a distance measuring device using a potentiometer.
【００２６】[0026]
【実施態様８】実施態様２は、解決手段又は実施態様１
の摩擦撹拌接合方法による接合継手構造について、上記
一方の形材の断面Ｌ形状の平板部の板厚を、上記形材の
厚肉部の板厚の公差の最大値と最小値に許容残余厚さを
加えた値よりも大きくしたことである。[Embodiment 8] Embodiment 2 is a solving means or embodiment 1.
For the joint structure using the friction stir welding method described above, the plate thickness of the flat plate portion having an L-shaped cross section of one of the above-mentioned profiles is set to the maximum and minimum tolerances of the plate thickness of the above-mentioned profile, and the allowable residual thickness The value is larger than the sum.
【００２７】[0027]
【作用】板端部の基準板厚をｔ、板厚公差（誤差）を＋
α、−β、許容残余厚さをγとするとき、上記一方の形
材の断面Ｌ形状部の平板部の板厚は、α＋β＋γ以上で
ある。そして、板厚が最小の場合、接合ピンの先端は、
突き合わせ面の下端（上記平板部の上面）からα＋βだ
け下方の位置にあり、この分だけ上記平板部に食い込ん
でいるが、それでも、上記平板部の余厚が許容残余厚さ
γ以上であるから、接合ピンでベッド表面が削られるな
どによって金属がベッドに焼き付くなどの問題はない。
なお、摩擦撹拌接合工具の円筒体の下面による接合部上
面の削り代（図６参照）があって、それを所定の値に見
込める場合は、一方の形材の断面Ｌ形状の板端部の平板
部の板厚を上記削り代を考慮して、これに応じて上記平
板部の所要板厚を選定すればよい。すなわち、上記削り
代をδとする場合は、上記平板部の板厚をα＋β＋γ＋
δ以上とすればよい。上記削り代δを上記平板部の板厚
で補償する代わりに、接合ピンの長さを削り代δだけ短
くして、接合ピンの長さで補償することもできる。この
場合の接合ピンの長さは、板厚最大誤差時の厚さに相当
する長さよりもδだけ短くなる。そして、この場合の継
ぎ手部と接合ピンの位置関係は図８のようになり、ま
た、接合ピンの長さε、接合ピンの先端の接合基準面
（図４（ｂ）の符号１３参照）からの突出位置ｈ、上記
平板部の必要板厚ｔ１などの関係は次の表のとおりにな
る。
[Function] The standard plate thickness at the plate end is t, and the plate thickness tolerance (error) is +
When α, −β and the allowable residual thickness are γ, the plate thickness of the flat plate portion of the L-shaped cross section of the one profile is α + β + γ or more. And when the plate thickness is the minimum, the tip of the joining pin is
It is located at the position lower by α + β from the lower end of the abutting surface (the upper surface of the flat plate portion) and bites into the flat plate portion by this amount, but the excess thickness of the flat plate portion is still the allowable residual thickness γ or more. , There is no problem such as metal sticking to the bed due to the surface of the bed being scraped by the joining pin.
In addition, when there is a cutting allowance (see FIG. 6) on the upper surface of the welded portion due to the lower surface of the cylindrical body of the friction stir welding tool, and when it can be expected to be a predetermined value, one end of the plate end of the L-shaped cross section The plate thickness of the flat plate portion may be selected in consideration of the cutting allowance, and the required plate thickness of the flat plate portion may be selected accordingly. That is, when the cutting allowance is δ, the plate thickness of the flat plate portion is α + β + γ +
It may be δ or more. Instead of compensating the cutting allowance δ with the plate thickness of the flat plate portion, the length of the joining pin can be shortened by the cutting allowance δ to compensate with the joining pin length. In this case, the length of the joining pin is δ shorter than the length corresponding to the thickness at the maximum thickness error. The positional relationship between the joint portion and the joining pin in this case is as shown in FIG. 8. Further, from the joining pin length ε and the joining reference plane at the tip of the joining pin (see reference numeral 13 in FIG. 4B). The following table shows the relationship between the protruding position h and the required plate thickness t 1 of the flat plate portion.
【００２８】[0028]
【実施の形態】次にこの発明の実施形態について図１〜
図４を参照して説明する。図１に示すように、この実施
形態は、厚さ２ｍｍ、長さ２０ｍのアルミニウム合金製
の押し出し形材１を互いに突き合わせ、その接合部２を
摩擦撹拌接合するものである。そして、その接合は直径
５ｍｍの接合ピン３の回転速度１７５０ｒｐｍ、接合速
度６００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで行う。ただし、この例では摩擦
撹拌接合工具を０．４ｔの力で下方に押し付け、この押
し付け力を一定に制御して、これにより接合ピンの突っ
込み深さを一定にしている。因みに、この場合の接合部
上面の削り代δ（図８図参照）は、ほぼ０．２ｍｍで一
定である。ところで、このアルミニウム合金のそれぞれ
の押し出し形材１の板材４，４ａは、板厚の製作公差
（誤差）が±０．２〜±０．５ｍｍ（この範囲で実際の
公差が指定される）であるので、この例では公差（誤
差）±０．５ｍｍとしている。そして、接合部２の突き
合わせ面の下端に対する接合ピン３の先端位置が、この
±０．５の誤差範囲での板厚の違いに伴って変化する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, referring to FIG.
This will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, extruded frame members 1 made of an aluminum alloy having a thickness of 2 mm and a length of 20 m are butted against each other, and a joint portion 2 thereof is friction stir welded. Then, the joining is performed at a rotating speed of the joining pin 3 having a diameter of 5 mm of 1750 rpm and a joining speed of 600 mm / min. However, in this example, the friction stir welding tool is pressed downward with a force of 0.4 t, and this pressing force is controlled to be constant, whereby the plunging depth of the welding pin is made constant. Incidentally, in this case, the cutting allowance δ (see FIG. 8) on the upper surface of the joint portion is constant at about 0.2 mm. By the way, the plate materials 4 and 4a of each extruded shape member 1 of this aluminum alloy have a manufacturing tolerance (error) of the plate thickness of ± 0.2 to ± 0.5 mm (the actual tolerance is specified in this range). Therefore, in this example, the tolerance (error) is set to ± 0.5 mm. Then, the tip position of the joining pin 3 with respect to the lower end of the abutting surface of the joining portion 2 changes with the difference in plate thickness within the error range of ± 0.5.
【００２９】この例の突き合わせ構造は、図３に示すよ
うに、一方の押し出し形材（板材）４ａの板端部６を断
面Ｌ形状にし、他方の押し出し形材（板材）４の板端部
５は、図２に示すように、上方に屈曲した肉厚の平板で
あり、両形材の板端部を互いに突き合わせたときに、両
板材４，４ａの下面１１，１０が互いに面一になり、ま
た、突き合わせた板端部５，６の上面が面一になってい
る。そして、この板材４ａの板端部６は、上方に盛り上
がった厚肉部であり、この厚肉部の幅方向前方（図３に
おける左方）略半分が、垂直面８を有する肉厚部と平面
９を有する平板部９ａとによるＬ形状部７になってい
る。因みに、上記平板部９ａの板厚は１．５ｍｍ、長さ
ｈ２は３ｍｍであり、上記垂直面８の高さｈ１は３ｍｍ
である。そして、両形材の板端部の突き合わせ接合部２
は、上記Ｌ形状部７の平板部９ａの平面９に板材４の板
端部５を重ねてその端面を上記Ｌ形状部７の垂直面（端
面）８に突き合わせることによって構成される。In the butt structure of this example, as shown in FIG. 3, the plate end portion 6 of one extruded frame member (plate member) 4a has an L-shaped cross section, and the plate end portion of the other extruded frame member (plate member) 4 is formed. As shown in FIG. 2, reference numeral 5 denotes a thick flat plate bent upward, and when the plate end portions of both shape members are butted against each other, the lower surfaces 11, 10 of both plate members 4, 4a are flush with each other. In addition, the upper surfaces of the abutted plate ends 5 and 6 are flush with each other. The plate end portion 6 of the plate member 4a is a thick-walled portion that bulges upward, and approximately half of the thick-walled portion in the width direction forward (left side in FIG. 3) is a thick-walled portion having a vertical surface 8. An L-shaped portion 7 is formed by a flat plate portion 9 a having a flat surface 9. Incidentally, the plate portion 9a has a plate thickness of 1.5 mm, a length h 2 of 3 mm, and a height h 1 of the vertical surface 8 of 3 mm.
Is. Then, the butt joints 2 of the plate ends of both profiles are
Is formed by stacking the plate end portion 5 of the plate member 4 on the flat surface 9 of the flat plate portion 9a of the L-shaped portion 7 and abutting the end surface thereof on the vertical surface (end surface) 8 of the L-shaped portion 7.
【００３０】次に、上記接合部２を摩擦撹拌接合する方
法について図４を参照して説明する。接合工具の接合ピ
ン３の直径は５ｍｍであり、その長さは、板材４の板端
部の基準板厚３ｍｍ（上記垂直面８の高さｈ１と同じ）
を基準として、板厚の最大公差０．５を加えた３．５ｍ
ｍである。そして、接合ピン３の先端の許容残余厚さ
（図６参照）は、約０．２ｍｍである。図４に示すよう
に、接合部の板厚が基準板厚３ｍｍであるとき、接合ピ
ン３の先端は板材４の板端部５の下面から０．５ｍｍ下
がった位置にある。この場合、接合ピン３の先端と板材
４ａの板端部６の平板部９ａの下面との間には１ｍｍの
余裕がある。これに対して、接合部の板厚が最大公差＋
０．５のとき、接合ピン３の先端は、最大誤差０．５ｍ
ｍ分だけ、基準板厚３ｍｍの場合に比して上方にあっ
て、板材４の板端部５の下面と同じ位置にある。したが
って、突き合わせ面にＫｉｓｓｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄ（未接
合部）を生じることはない。Next, a method of friction stir welding the above-mentioned joining portion 2 will be described with reference to FIG. The diameter of the joining pin 3 of the joining tool is 5 mm, and the length thereof is the reference plate thickness of the plate end portion of the plate member 3 3 mm (the same as the height h 1 of the vertical surface 8).
3.5m with a maximum tolerance of 0.5 added to the standard
m. The allowable residual thickness at the tip of the joining pin 3 (see FIG. 6) is about 0.2 mm. As shown in FIG. 4, when the plate thickness of the joint portion is the reference plate thickness 3 mm, the tip of the joint pin 3 is located at a position 0.5 mm lower than the lower surface of the plate end portion 5 of the plate member 4. In this case, there is a margin of 1 mm between the tip of the joining pin 3 and the lower surface of the flat plate portion 9a of the plate end portion 6 of the plate member 4a. In contrast, the plate thickness of the joint is the maximum tolerance +
When 0.5, the maximum error of the tip of the joining pin 3 is 0.5m
It is located at the same position as the lower surface of the plate end portion 5 of the plate member 4, which is above m as compared with the case where the reference plate thickness is 3 mm. Therefore, no Kissing Bond (unbonded portion) is generated on the abutting surfaces.
【００３１】また、接合部の板厚が最小公差−０．５の
とき、接合ピン３の先端は最小公差（−０．５ｍｍ）分
だけ、基準板厚３ｍｍの場合よりも下方にあって、板材
４の板端部５の下面（平板部９ａの上面）から１．０ｍ
ｍ下がった位置にある。この場合でも、接合ピン３の先
端と平板部９ａの下面との間には０．５ｍｍの余裕があ
り、許容残余厚さは０．２ｍｍであるから、接合ピン３
の先端近傍の軟化部が平板部９ａの下面に達することは
ない。When the plate thickness of the joint portion is the minimum tolerance of -0.5, the tip of the joint pin 3 is below the reference plate thickness of 3 mm by the minimum tolerance (-0.5 mm). 1.0 m from the lower surface of the plate end portion 5 of the plate material 4 (upper surface of the flat plate portion 9a)
It is in the position where it went down. Even in this case, there is a margin of 0.5 mm between the tip of the joining pin 3 and the lower surface of the flat plate portion 9a, and the allowable residual thickness is 0.2 mm.
The softened portion in the vicinity of the tip does not reach the lower surface of the flat plate portion 9a.
【００３２】接合端部板厚の製作誤差（公差）が±０．
３の場合、その接合ピン（長さ３．３ｍｍ）の先端は、
公差が±０．５の場合に比して、平板部９ａの上面（図
４（ｂ）における接合基準面１３参照）に近い位置にあ
ることになるが、それだけプラス公差が小さいのである
から、Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄを生じることはないの
で問題はない。また、製作誤差（公差）が±０．３の板
の接合に、上記最大公差±０．５ｍｍ対応の長さの（長
さ３．５ｍｍ）接合ピンを用いると、板厚最小のところ
でのピン先端の平板部９ａの上面からの突出長さは０．
８ｍｍであって、板厚公差が±０．５の場合にして０．
２ｍｍだけ当該突出長さは短い。したがって、その先端
の平板部９ａの下面との間の間隔は、板厚公差が±０．
５の場合に比して一層余裕があることになり、問題はな
い。The manufacturing error (tolerance) of the joint end plate thickness is ± 0.
In the case of 3, the tip of the joining pin (length 3.3 mm) is
Compared to the case where the tolerance is ± 0.5, it is closer to the upper surface of the flat plate portion 9a (see the joining reference surface 13 in FIG. 4B), but since the plus tolerance is smaller accordingly. There is no problem because no Kissing Bond occurs. In addition, if a joining pin having a length corresponding to the above-mentioned maximum tolerance of ± 0.5 mm (length: 3.5 mm) is used for joining plates with a manufacturing error (tolerance) of ± 0.3, the pin at the minimum plate thickness The protrusion length from the upper surface of the flat plate portion 9a at the tip is 0.
8 mm and a plate thickness tolerance of ± 0.5, 0.
The protrusion length is short by 2 mm. Therefore, the gap between the tip and the lower surface of the flat plate portion 9a has a plate thickness tolerance of ± 0.
Compared with the case of 5, there is more margin and there is no problem.
【００３３】なお、形材４，４ａの板端部５，６の板厚
は、基準板厚３ｍｍを中心にしてその製作公差の範囲内
において変化し、その変化は板端部５、板端部６でまち
まちであり、このことに因って板端部５と板端部６との
間において部分的な板厚差を生じる。このため板端部
５、板端部６の突き合わせ面に若干の段差を生じ、この
段差の大きさが接合線の長手方向に沿って変化する。こ
の段差の大きさの如何によって、接合ピンの先端の位置
が若干変動する。しかし、上記例では、最大公差＋０．
５ｍｍの場合の接合ピンの先端が、接合面の下端（板材
４の板端部５の下面）と同じ位置にあり、Ｋｉｓｓｉｎ
ｇ Ｂｏｎｄを回避するのに、許容残余厚さ０．２ｍｍ
の余裕があるから、この接合ピンの先端の位置が若干変
動することを考慮しても、Ｋｉｓｓｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄが
生じることはない。また、最小公差−０．５ｍｍの場合
の接合ピンの先端と、平板部９ａの下面との間には０．
５ｍｍの余裕があり、許容残余厚さ０．２ｍｍを差し引
いても０．３ｍｍの余裕があるので、接合ピンの先端位
置が上記のように若干変動することを考慮しても、接合
ピン３の先端近傍の軟化部が平板部９ａの下面に達する
ことはなく、まして接合ピンが平板部９ａの下面の下方
に達することはない。The plate thicknesses of the plate end portions 5 and 6 of the shape members 4 and 4a change within a manufacturing tolerance range around a reference plate thickness of 3 mm, and the change is the plate end portion 5 and the plate end portion. The portions 6 are varied, and this causes a partial difference in plate thickness between the plate end 5 and the plate end 6. Therefore, a slight step is generated on the abutting surfaces of the plate end portions 5 and 6 and the size of the step changes along the longitudinal direction of the joining line. The position of the tip of the joining pin varies slightly depending on the size of the step. However, in the above example, the maximum tolerance is +0.
In the case of 5 mm, the tip of the joining pin is located at the same position as the lower end of the joining surface (the lower surface of the plate end portion 5 of the plate member 4).
Allowable residual thickness 0.2 mm to avoid g Bond
Therefore, even if the position of the tip of the joining pin fluctuates slightly, Kissing Bond does not occur. Further, when the minimum tolerance is −0.5 mm, the distance between the tip of the joining pin and the lower surface of the flat plate portion 9a is 0.
There is a margin of 5 mm, and there is a margin of 0.3 mm even if the allowable remaining thickness of 0.2 mm is subtracted. The softened portion near the tip does not reach the lower surface of the flat plate portion 9a, let alone the joining pin below the lower surface of the flat plate portion 9a.
【００３４】以上のとおりであるから、形材の製作誤差
による接合部の板厚の変動にかかわらず、突き合わせ面
にＫｉｓｓｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄ部（未接合部）が生じるこ
とはなく、また、接合ピンによってベッド表面が削られ
るなどによって金属がベッドに焼き付くことはない。し
たがって、極めて高品質で、表面精度の高い摩擦撹拌接
合がなされる。なお、以上の説明における上記の平板部
９ａの板厚は、説明を単純にするために製作誤差を考慮
しないで基準板厚としたが、実際には平板部９ａの板厚
にも同様の製作誤差があるので、平板部９ａの実際の基
準板厚はその製作誤差の最小分だけ厚いことになる。ま
た、上記実施例の説明においては、摩擦撹拌接合工具の
円筒体下面による削り代を考慮していないが、この例で
も実際に約０．２ｍｍの削り代があるので、これを考慮
した接合ピンの長さとする場合、接合ピンの長さは３．
３ｍｍとなり、当該接合ピンの先端は上記説明における
位置よりも０．２だけ上方位置になる。As described above, there is no Kissing Bond part (unbonded part) on the abutting surface regardless of the variation in the plate thickness of the bonded part due to the manufacturing error of the shape member, and the bed is formed by the bonding pin. No metal is seized on the bed due to scratches on the surface. Therefore, friction stir welding with extremely high quality and high surface precision is performed. The plate thickness of the flat plate portion 9a in the above description is a reference plate thickness without considering a manufacturing error for simplification of the description, but the plate thickness of the flat plate portion 9a is actually the same. Since there is an error, the actual reference plate thickness of the flat plate portion 9a is thicker by the minimum manufacturing error. Further, in the description of the above-mentioned embodiment, the cutting allowance due to the lower surface of the cylindrical body of the friction stir welding tool is not taken into consideration, but since the cutting allowance is actually about 0.2 mm in this example as well, the joining pin considering this is taken into consideration. The length of the joining pin is 3.
3 mm, and the tip of the joining pin is positioned 0.2 above the position in the above description.
【００３５】次いで、図７を参照して、摩擦撹拌接合工
具の上下位置の調整、及び摩擦撹拌接合工具に対する押
し付け力の制御等について簡単に説明する。摩擦撹拌接
合装置の枠体１１０に駆動装置１００が上下動自在に支
持されており、この駆動装置１００の駆動モータＭによ
って駆動されるチャック１０１に摩擦撹拌接合工具１０
２を着脱自在に取り付けてある。昇降駆動装置１１１に
よって枠体１１０が昇降されて、駆動装置１００が空気
圧シリンダー１０５等とともに昇降される。この空気圧
シリンダー１０５は、基本的には駆動装置１００を押し
下げて摩擦撹拌工具１０２を所定の力Ｆで押し付ける手
段であり、調圧弁等によってその押し付け力が調整され
る。この押し付け力は、摩擦撹拌接合される板材の材
質、接合部の厚さ、接合ピンの太さなどの接合条件（操
作盤（図７（ｂ））で入力される接合条件）によって、
所要の深さだけ接合部に接合ピンを押し込むのに適切な
強さに自動的に設定される。また、この空気圧シリンダ
ー１０５と駆動装置１００との間に押し付け力（圧縮負
荷）Ｆを検出するロードセル１０６を介在させている。
また、駆動装置１００の側面に光学距離センサ１２０が
設けられていて、この距離センサ１２０とワーク（板
材）表面などの光反射面との間の距離Ｌを正確に検出す
るようにしている。Next, referring to FIG. 7, adjustment of the vertical position of the friction stir welding tool, control of the pressing force against the friction stir welding tool, etc. will be briefly described. The drive unit 100 is supported by a frame 110 of the friction stir welding apparatus so as to be vertically movable, and the friction stir welding tool 10 is attached to a chuck 101 driven by a drive motor M of the drive unit 100.
2 is attached detachably. The frame 110 is moved up and down by the lifting drive device 111, and the drive device 100 is moved up and down together with the pneumatic cylinder 105 and the like. This pneumatic cylinder 105 is basically a means for pushing down the drive unit 100 to push the friction stir tool 102 with a predetermined force F, and the pushing force is adjusted by a pressure regulating valve or the like. This pressing force depends on the welding conditions (welding conditions input on the operation panel (FIG. 7 (b))) such as the material of the plate material to be friction stir welded, the thickness of the welding portion, and the thickness of the welding pin.
The strength is automatically set to an appropriate value to push the joining pin into the joint by the required depth. Further, a load cell 106 for detecting a pressing force (compression load) F is interposed between the pneumatic cylinder 105 and the driving device 100.
An optical distance sensor 120 is provided on the side surface of the driving device 100, and the distance L between the distance sensor 120 and a light reflecting surface such as the surface of a work (plate material) is accurately detected.
【００３６】操作盤１２０から入力された基礎データに
基づいて昇降装置１１１が作動して、枠体１１０を下降
させて、駆動装置１００を所定位置まで下降させ、そし
て、空気圧シリンダー１０５への供給空気圧が所定圧に
制御されて、所定力Ｆで駆動装置１００が下方に押し付
けられる。ロードセル１０６の検出値をＣＰＵにフィー
ドバックして、調圧弁１０７を制御するなどして、空気
圧シリンダによる押し付け力Ｆを一定に制御する。ワー
ク（板材）の厚が変化すると、その分だけ光学距離セン
サーによる上記距離Ｌの計測値が変化する（ベッドの表
面は水平と仮定）。この光学距離センサーの計測値が上
記昇降装置１１１の制御手段１１２に伝送されて、上記
距離Ｌの変化に応答して、駆動層１００の高さ位置が微
小に調整される。したがって、ワーク板厚の変化に応答
して摩擦撹拌接合工具１０２の上下位置が調整される。
ただし、摩擦撹拌接合工具１０２に対する空気圧シリン
ダー１０５による押し付け力は一定に制御されるから、
接合ピン１０３の接合部への挿入深さ（突っ込み深さ）
は一定に保持される。The elevating device 111 operates based on the basic data input from the operation panel 120 to lower the frame 110, lower the driving device 100 to a predetermined position, and supply air pressure to the pneumatic cylinder 105. Is controlled to a predetermined pressure, and the drive device 100 is pressed downward with a predetermined force F. The detection value of the load cell 106 is fed back to the CPU, and the pressure regulating valve 107 is controlled to control the pressing force F by the pneumatic cylinder to be constant. When the thickness of the work (plate material) changes, the measured value of the distance L by the optical distance sensor changes by that amount (the surface of the bed is assumed to be horizontal). The measurement value of the optical distance sensor is transmitted to the control means 112 of the elevating device 111, and in response to the change in the distance L, the height position of the drive layer 100 is finely adjusted. Therefore, the vertical position of the friction stir welding tool 102 is adjusted in response to the change in the work plate thickness.
However, since the pressing force of the pneumatic cylinder 105 against the friction stir welding tool 102 is controlled to be constant,
Insertion depth of the joining pin 103 into the joining portion (pushing depth)
Is held constant.
【００３７】駆動装置１００を下方に押し付け手段（図
７における空気圧シリンダー１０５がこれに当たる）を
電動サーボモータによる手段に変える場合は、上記の例
と同様に、押し付け力Ｆをロードセルで検出して、その
検出値をフィードバックして、サーボモータによる押し
付け力を一定に制御すればよい。また、サーボ電流を検
出してこれをフィードバックして、サーボモータによる
押し付け力を一定に制御することもできる。When the driving device 100 is pressed downward (the pneumatic cylinder 105 in FIG. 7 corresponds to this) to an electric servomotor, the pressing force F is detected by the load cell as in the above example. The detected value may be fed back to control the pressing force of the servo motor to a constant value. It is also possible to detect the servo current and feed it back to control the pressing force of the servo motor to a constant value.
【００３８】上記の距離Ｌの測定手段として、接触式距
離センサ（例えば、ポテンシオメータによるものなど）
を用いることもできる。この場合は、ワークの上面に接
触子を当接させ、これでワークの上面をなぞらせ、この
接触子の上下方向変移量に基づいて上記距離の変化量を
検出する。接触式距離センサを用いる場合は、レーザー
光線による光学的な距離センサに比して、その機器が簡
便で、廉価であることが利点である。As a means for measuring the distance L, a contact type distance sensor (for example, a potentiometer, etc.) is used.
Can also be used. In this case, the contactor is brought into contact with the upper surface of the work, and the upper surface of the work is traced by this, and the amount of change in the distance is detected based on the amount of vertical displacement of the contactor. When a contact type distance sensor is used, it is advantageous that the device is simpler and less expensive than an optical distance sensor using a laser beam.
【００３９】[0039]
【発明の効果】形材（押し出し形材）の板厚の製作公差
が±０．２〜±０．５ｍｍであることから、これらの板
厚誤差がある板材を互いに突き合わせて、その突き合わ
せ面を摩擦撹拌接合するためのその突き合わせ構造を、
一方の形材の板端部を断面Ｌ形状にし、他方の形材の板
端部を上記の断面Ｌ形状部の平板部に重ね、その先端面
をＬ型断面の垂直面に突き合わせた突き合わせ構造にし
て、その突き合わせ面を、板厚の最大値に等しい長さの
接合ピンを使って摩擦撹拌接合するようにしたので、誤
差最大の板厚部分においても、突き合わせ面にＫｉｓｓ
ｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄ部（未接合）部が生じることを確実に
回避することができ、また、接合ピンの先端近傍の軟化
範囲が上記平板部の下面に達することがないように上記
断面Ｌ形状部の平板部の厚さを選定することで、板厚最
小の部分において上記平板部の下面に軟化した金属が流
出することを確実に回避することができる。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Since the manufacturing tolerance of the plate thickness of the shape member (extruded shape member) is ± 0.2 to ± 0.5 mm, the plate members having these plate thickness errors are butted against each other and the butted surfaces are Its butt structure for friction stir welding,
A butt structure in which the plate end of one shape is L-shaped in cross section, the plate end of the other shape is overlapped with the flat plate part of the L-shaped cross-section described above, and the tip end surface is butted against the vertical surface of the L-shaped cross section. Then, the abutting surface is friction stir welded by using a welding pin having a length equal to the maximum value of the plate thickness.
It is possible to reliably avoid the occurrence of an ing bond portion (unbonded) portion, and to prevent the softening range near the tip of the bonding pin from reaching the lower surface of the flat plate portion, the flat plate having the L-shaped section described above. By selecting the thickness of the portion, it is possible to reliably prevent the softened metal from flowing out to the lower surface of the flat plate portion in the portion having the smallest thickness.
【００４０】他方、摩擦撹拌接合工具に対する押し下げ
力を一定に制御することで、接合ピンの突っ込み深さを
一定にすることができるので、摩擦撹拌接合工具に対す
る押し付け力を一定にして制御するという単純な制御法
による摩擦撹拌接合に本発明を適用することにより、製
作誤差による板厚の変化に関わらず、安定的に高品質の
摩擦撹拌接合を行うことができる。それゆえ、アルミニ
ウム合金製形材の摩擦撹拌接合による突き合わせ接合
を、能率的に、低コストで行うことができる。On the other hand, since the plunge depth of the welding pin can be made constant by controlling the pressing force to the friction stir welding tool to a constant value, the pressing force to the friction stir welding tool can be made to a constant control. By applying the present invention to friction stir welding by various control methods, it is possible to stably perform high-quality friction stir welding regardless of changes in plate thickness due to manufacturing errors. Therefore, the butt joining of the aluminum alloy shaped material by friction stir welding can be efficiently performed at low cost.
【００４１】また、この発明による摩擦撹拌接合継ぎ手
を用い、この発明の摩擦撹拌接合方法によって接合する
ことにより、接合部裏面（板材の表面）が接合ピンや接
合ピンの撹拌による軟化金属で損傷を受けることは全く
ないから、接合された板材の表面は、表面仕上げなどの
格別の加工を施すことなしに、そのままの状態で使用す
ることができる。Further, by using the friction stir welding joint according to the present invention and performing the friction stir welding method according to the present invention, the back surface of the joint portion (the surface of the plate material) is damaged by the joining pin or the softened metal caused by the stirring of the joining pin. Since it is not received at all, the surfaces of the joined plate materials can be used as they are without any special processing such as surface finishing.
【図１】は押し出し形材相互を突き合わせて、その突き
合わせ面を摩擦撹拌接合している、一般的な状態を模式
的に示す側断面図である。FIG. 1 is a side sectional view schematically showing a general state in which extruded frame members are butted to each other and the butted surfaces are friction stir welded.
【図２】（ａ）（ｂ）は，この発明による摩擦撹拌接合
の突き合わせ部の正面図である。2 (a) and 2 (b) are front views of a butted portion of the friction stir welding according to the present invention.
【図３】はこの発明による摩擦撹拌接合の突き合わせ構
造を構成する一方の形材の断面Ｌ形状の板端部の一例を
示す正面図である。FIG. 3 is a front view showing an example of a plate end portion having an L-shaped cross section of one of the shape members constituting the butting structure for friction stir welding according to the present invention.
【図４】（ａ）は、この発明による摩擦撹拌接合方法を
示す正面図であり、（ｂ）は（ａ）の一部拡大図であ
る。FIG. 4A is a front view showing a friction stir welding method according to the present invention, and FIG. 4B is a partially enlarged view of FIG.
【図５】は押し出し形材を互いに突き合わせてその突き
合わせ面を摩擦撹拌接合する従来例の正面図である。FIG. 5 is a front view of a conventional example in which extruded frame members are butted against each other and the butted surfaces are friction stir welded.
【図６】（ａ）は、一般的な摩擦撹拌接合における板厚
と接合ピンの長さ等との関係を示す正面図であり、
（ｂ）は軟化した金属材料がベッドに焼き付く場合の接
合状態を模式的に示す正面図であり、（ｃ）はＫｉｓｓ
ｉｎｇ Ｂｏｎｄ部（未接合部）が生じる場合の接合状
態を模式的に示す正面図である。FIG. 6 (a) is a front view showing the relationship between the plate thickness and the length of a joining pin in general friction stir welding,
(B) is a front view which shows typically the joined state in case a softened metal material sticks to a bed, (c) is Kiss.
It is a front view which shows typically the joining state when an ing Bond part (unjoined part) arises.
【図７】（ａ）は、摩擦撹拌接合装置の要部の概略を示
す模式図であり、（ｂ）は摩擦撹拌接合工具の押し付け
力制御システムのブロック図である。FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram showing an outline of a main part of the friction stir welding apparatus, and FIG. 7B is a block diagram of a pressing force control system of the friction stir welding tool.
【図８】は、接合ピンの長さ選定に削り代を考慮する場
合の接合ピンと接合部との位置関係を模式的に示す断面
図である。FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the positional relationship between the joining pin and the joining portion when the cutting allowance is taken into consideration when selecting the length of the joining pin.
１：押し出し形材 ２：接合部 ３：接合ピン ４，４ａ：板材 ５：Ｌ字形状 ６：厚肉部 ７：Ｌ字形状段部 ８：垂直面 ９：平面 ９ａ：平板部 １０，１１：板下面 １２：円筒体 １３：接合基準線 １００：駆動装置 １０５：空気圧シリンダー １０６：ロードセル １１０：枠体 １１１：昇降装置 1: Extruded frame 2: Joint 3: Joining pin 4,4a: Plate material 5: L shape 6: Thick part 7: L-shaped step 8: Vertical surface 9: plane 9a: Flat plate part 10, 11: Lower surface of plate 12: Cylindrical body 13: Joining reference line 100: Drive device 105: Pneumatic cylinder 106: load cell 110: frame 111: Lifting device
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 山下 政一郎 神戸市兵庫区和田山通２丁目１番18号 川 崎重工業株式会社兵庫工場内 Ｆターム(参考） 4E067 AA05 CA02 CA04 CA05 DA13 DA17 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Seiichiro Yamashita 2-1-1, Wadayama-dori, Hyogo-ku, Kobe Saki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Hyogo Factory F-term (reference) 4E067 AA05 CA02 CA04 CA05 DA13 DA17
Claims (11)
せ、当該突き合わせ面を接合する摩擦撹拌接合方法にお
いて、 板端部を互いに突き合わせる一方の押し出し形材の板端
部は断面Ｌ形状に形成されており、 他方の押し出し形材の板端部を上記一方の形材の断面Ｌ
形状の平板部に重ねて、その先端面を上記断面Ｌ形状の
板端部の端面に突き合わせたとき、両板端部の上面を面
一にするとともに、両形材の下面を面一にし、 上記押し出し形材の板端部の最大公差時の厚さ以上の長
さの接合ピンを備えた摩擦撹拌接合工具で上記突き合わ
せ面を摩擦撹拌接合することを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合
方法。1. A friction stir welding method in which plate ends of extruded frame members are butted against each other and the abutting surfaces are joined to each other. And the plate end of the other extruded profile is connected to the cross section L of the one profile.
When the tip end surface is abutted against the end surface of the plate end portion having the L-shaped cross section, the top surfaces of both plate end portions are flush with each other, and the bottom surfaces of both profile members are flush with each other, A friction stir welding method, wherein the abutting surfaces are friction stir welded with a friction stir welding tool provided with a welding pin having a length equal to or greater than the thickness at the maximum tolerance of the plate end portion of the extruded shape member.
せ、当該突き合わせ面を接合する摩擦撹拌接合方法にお
いて、 板端部を互いに突き合わせる一方の押し出し形材の板端
部は断面Ｌ形状に形成されており、 他方の押し出し形材の板端部を上記一方の形材の断面Ｌ
形状の平板部に重ねて、その先端面を上記断面Ｌ形状の
板端部の端面に突き合わせたとき、両板端部の上面を面
一にするとともに、両形材の下面を面一にし、 上記押し出し形材の板端部の最大公差時の厚さと等しい
長さの接合ピンを備えた摩擦撹拌接合工具で上記突き合
わせ面を摩擦撹拌接合することを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接
合方法。2. A friction stir welding method in which plate ends of extruded frame members are butted against each other and the abutting surfaces are joined to each other. And the plate end of the other extruded profile is connected to the cross section L of the one profile.
When the tip end surface is abutted against the end surface of the plate end portion having the L-shaped cross section, the top surfaces of both plate end portions are flush with each other, and the bottom surfaces of both profile members are flush with each other, A friction stir welding method, wherein the butt surfaces are friction stir welded with a friction stir welding tool having a welding pin having a length equal to the thickness of the plate end portion of the extruded profile at the maximum tolerance.
定に保持する請求項１の摩擦撹拌接合方法。3. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1, wherein the pressing force against the friction stir welding tool is kept constant.
さえる手段が空気圧シリンダーである請求項２の摩擦撹
拌接合方法。4. The friction stir welding method according to claim 2, wherein the means for pressing the friction stir welding tool with a constant pressing force is a pneumatic cylinder.
さえる手段が電動サーボモータである請求項２の摩擦撹
拌接合方法。5. The friction stir welding method according to claim 2, wherein the means for pressing the friction stir welding tool with a constant pressing force is an electric servomotor.
ードセルで検出し、この検出データをフィードバックし
て、上記手段を上記押し付け力が一定になるように制御
する請求項２の摩擦撹拌接合方法。6. The friction stir welding method according to claim 2, wherein the pressing force against the friction stir welding tool is detected by a load cell, and the detection data is fed back to control the means so that the pressing force becomes constant.
と摩擦撹拌接合工具の駆動装置との間の距離を距離セン
サで測定し、当該測定データにより、摩擦撹拌接合工具
の上下方向位置が上記距離の変化に追従して変化するよ
うに、上記駆動装置の上下方向位置を調整するようにし
た請求項１の摩擦撹拌接合方法。7. A distance sensor measures the distance between the upper surface of the aluminum alloy extruded plate material and the drive unit of the friction stir welding tool, and the vertical position of the friction stir welding tool changes according to the measured data. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1, wherein the vertical position of the drive device is adjusted so as to change following the above.
請求項６の摩擦撹拌接合方法。8. The friction stir welding method according to claim 6, wherein the distance sensor is an optical distance sensor.
た距離測定器等の接触方式距離測定器である請求項６の
摩擦撹拌接合方法。9. The friction stir welding method according to claim 6, wherein the distance sensor is a contact type distance measuring device such as a distance measuring device using a potentiometer.
板厚が、上記形材の板端部の板厚の公差の最大値と最小
値に許容残余厚さを加えた値よりも大きい、請求項１又
は請求項２の摩擦撹拌接合方法で接合した摩擦撹拌接合
継手。10. The plate thickness of the flat plate portion having an L-shaped cross section of the one profile is obtained by adding the allowable residual thickness to the maximum value and the minimum value of the plate thickness tolerances of the plate edges of the profile. A friction stir welding joint joined by the friction stir welding method according to claim 1 or 2, which is also large.
合され、上記形材の上記下面が製品表面であるアルミニ
ウム合金製板材。11. An aluminum alloy plate material joined by the friction stir welding method according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the profile is a product surface.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002104482A JP3818937B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2002-04-05 | Friction stir welding method and friction stir welding joint |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002104482A JP3818937B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2002-04-05 | Friction stir welding method and friction stir welding joint |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003290938A true JP2003290938A (en) | 2003-10-14 |
| JP3818937B2 JP3818937B2 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
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ID=29242948
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002104482A Expired - Fee Related JP3818937B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2002-04-05 | Friction stir welding method and friction stir welding joint |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008149331A (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-07-03 | Nippon Sharyo Seizo Kaisha Ltd | Friction stir welding apparatus and friction stir welding method |
| JP2009208117A (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2009-09-17 | Nikkeikin Aluminium Core Technology Co Ltd | Friction stir welding apparatus |
| JP2009208116A (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2009-09-17 | Nikkeikin Aluminium Core Technology Co Ltd | Friction stir welding apparatus |
| JP2013086138A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-05-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Friction stirring and joining apparatus |
| JP2015024418A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-02-05 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Friction stir welding coupling and friction stir welding method using the same |
-
2002
- 2002-04-05 JP JP2002104482A patent/JP3818937B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008149331A (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-07-03 | Nippon Sharyo Seizo Kaisha Ltd | Friction stir welding apparatus and friction stir welding method |
| JP2009208117A (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2009-09-17 | Nikkeikin Aluminium Core Technology Co Ltd | Friction stir welding apparatus |
| JP2009208116A (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2009-09-17 | Nikkeikin Aluminium Core Technology Co Ltd | Friction stir welding apparatus |
| JP2013086138A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-05-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Friction stirring and joining apparatus |
| JP2015024418A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-02-05 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Friction stir welding coupling and friction stir welding method using the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3818937B2 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
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