JP2003287451A - Optical flow-velocity sensor - Google Patents
Optical flow-velocity sensorInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003287451A JP2003287451A JP2002088882A JP2002088882A JP2003287451A JP 2003287451 A JP2003287451 A JP 2003287451A JP 2002088882 A JP2002088882 A JP 2002088882A JP 2002088882 A JP2002088882 A JP 2002088882A JP 2003287451 A JP2003287451 A JP 2003287451A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- detection rod
- fluid
- flow velocity
- velocity sensor
- optical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、流体の速度を検出
する流速センサに関し、特に光を利用した光式流速セン
サに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a flow velocity sensor for detecting the velocity of a fluid, and more particularly to an optical flow velocity sensor utilizing light.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】流速計としては電磁流速計等のように、
電気的に計測するものがある。2. Description of the Related Art As a current meter, such as an electromagnetic current meter,
Some are measured electrically.
【０００３】図３は電磁式流速センサを用いた流速計の
概念図である。FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a velocity meter using an electromagnetic velocity sensor.
【０００４】この流速計１は、内部を流体が流れ非極性
不良導体からなる管路２と、管路２の径方向（図ではＺ
軸方向）に磁界を印加する一対の起磁コイル３ａ、３ｂ
と、起磁コイル３ａ、３ｂによる磁界に対して直交する
ように（この場合Ｙ軸方向に）管路２の周面に対向して
配置された一対の電極４ａ、４ｂとで構成された電磁式
流速センサと、両電極４ａ、４ｂに接続された電流計５
とで構成されたものである。This velocity meter 1 has a conduit 2 made of a non-polarity-defective conductor through which a fluid flows, and a radial direction of the conduit 2 (Z in the figure).
A pair of magnetomotive coils 3a and 3b for applying a magnetic field in the axial direction)
And a pair of electrodes 4a, 4b arranged so as to be orthogonal to the magnetic field generated by the magnetomotive coils 3a, 3b (in this case, in the Y-axis direction) so as to be opposed to the peripheral surface of the conduit 2. Type flow velocity sensor and ammeter 5 connected to both electrodes 4a, 4b
It is composed of and.
【０００５】管路２内を流れる流体の流れの方向をＸ軸
方向とし、起磁コイル３ａ、３ｂにより流体に磁界を印
加すると、流体の流れの向き及び磁界の向きに対して直
角なＹ軸方向に起電力が発生する。この起電力の大きさ
は、流体の速さに比例しており、この起電力の大きさを
電流計５で測定することで流体の流速を求めることがで
きる。When the flow direction of the fluid flowing in the conduit 2 is the X-axis direction and a magnetic field is applied to the fluid by the magnetomotive coils 3a and 3b, the direction of the fluid flow and the Y-axis perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field are applied. An electromotive force is generated in the direction. The magnitude of this electromotive force is proportional to the speed of the fluid, and the flow velocity of the fluid can be determined by measuring the magnitude of this electromotive force with the ammeter 5.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、図３に
示した流速計１は、電気的に流速を検知するものである
ため、電磁ノイズに弱く、誤動作をするおそれがあると
いう問題があった。However, since the anemometer 1 shown in FIG. 3 electrically detects the velocity, it has a problem that it is vulnerable to electromagnetic noise and may malfunction.
【０００７】そこで、本発明の目的は、上記課題を解決
し、電磁ノイズに強い光式流速センサを提供することに
ある。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide an optical flow velocity sensor that is resistant to electromagnetic noise.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に請求項１の発明は、検知棒と、検知棒に貼り付けられ
ると共に光ファイバに接続され光ファイバから入射され
た光より異なる波長の反射光を出力するファイバブラッ
ググレーティングと、検知棒の下端が流体中に挿入さ
れ、かつ鉛直になるように検知棒の上端を保持する保持
部材とを備えた光式流速センサである。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention of claim 1 has a detection rod and a wavelength difference from the light incident from the optical fiber which is attached to the detection rod and is connected to the optical fiber. The optical velocity sensor includes a fiber Bragg grating that outputs reflected light, and a holding member that holds the upper end of the detection rod so that the lower end of the detection rod is inserted into the fluid and is vertical.
【０００９】請求項２の発明は、請求項１に記載の構成
に加え、検知棒は、可撓性を有する材質からなり円柱状
に形成されているのが好ましい。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the structure according to the first aspect, it is preferable that the detection rod is made of a flexible material and is formed in a cylindrical shape.
【００１０】請求項３の発明は、請求項２に記載の構成
に加え、ファイバブラッググレーティングを検知棒の外
周面の周方向に複数箇所設けてもよい。According to the invention of claim 3, in addition to the structure of claim 2, a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings may be provided in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the detection rod.
【００１１】請求項４の発明は、請求項１に記載の構成
に加え、検知棒は、可撓性を有する材質からなり、平板
状に形成され流体の流れる方向に対して主面が直交する
ように配置されてもよい。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the structure of the first aspect, the detection rod is made of a flexible material, is formed in a flat plate shape, and has a main surface orthogonal to the flowing direction of the fluid. May be arranged as follows.
【００１２】請求項５の発明は、請求項１から４のいず
れかに記載の構成に加え、保持部材に検知棒と同一材質
で同一径の温度補正用検知棒を設け、温度補正用検知棒
にファイバブラッググレーティングと同一特性を有する
温度補正用ファイバブラッググレーティングを貼り付け
たものである。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the structure according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, a temperature correcting detecting rod having the same material and the same diameter as the detecting rod is provided on the holding member, and the temperature correcting detecting rod is provided. A temperature-correcting fiber Bragg grating having the same characteristics as the fiber Bragg grating is attached to the.
【００１３】本発明によれば、流体が静止状態のときは
検知棒は変形しないが、流体が流動状態のときは、検知
棒が流体の流れる方向に歪み若しくは撓み等の変形が生
じ、その変形によって生じる応力がファイバブラッググ
レーティングを変形させるので、ファイバブラッググレ
ーティングからの反射波の波長が変化し、その変化を受
光器で受光することで流体の流速が検出される。また、
流速の検出にはコイルを利用せず光ファイバに形成され
たブラッググレーティングを利用しているので、電磁ノ
イズの影響を受けることがない。According to the present invention, the detection rod does not deform when the fluid is in a stationary state, but when the fluid is in a flowing state, the detection rod is deformed such as distorted or bent in the direction in which the fluid flows, and the deformation occurs. Since the stress caused by the deformation of the fiber Bragg grating changes the wavelength of the reflected wave from the fiber Bragg grating, the flow velocity of the fluid is detected by receiving the change with a light receiver. Also,
Since the Bragg grating formed in the optical fiber is used for detecting the flow velocity without using the coil, it is not affected by electromagnetic noise.
【００１４】検知棒が、可撓性を有する材質からなり、
円柱状に形成されている場合には、流体の流れる方向に
関係なく同一量だけ撓むので、検知棒の周方向に複数の
ファイバブラッググレーティングを貼り付けることによ
り、外部からの電磁ノイズを受けずに流速だけでなく流
向も検知することができる。The detection rod is made of a flexible material,
When it is formed in a cylindrical shape, it bends by the same amount regardless of the direction of fluid flow, so by attaching multiple fiber Bragg gratings in the circumferential direction of the detection rod, electromagnetic noise from the outside is not received. It is possible to detect not only the flow velocity but also the flow direction.
【００１５】検知棒が可撓性を有する材質からなり、平
板状に形成され、流体の流れる方向に対して主面が直交
するように配置される場合には、流れる流体から受ける
圧力が円柱状の場合に比して大きくなるので、流速が低
速な場合に高感度で検知することができる。When the detection rod is made of a flexible material and is formed in a flat plate shape and arranged so that its main surface is orthogonal to the flowing direction of the fluid, the pressure received from the flowing fluid is cylindrical. Since it is larger than that in the above case, it is possible to detect with high sensitivity when the flow velocity is low.
【００１６】保持部材に検知棒と同一材質で同一径の温
度補正用検知棒を設け、温度補正用検知棒にファイバブ
ラッググレーティングと同一特性を有する温度補正用フ
ァイバブラッググレーティングを貼り付けた場合には、
温度変化による補正を行うことができるので、流体の流
速を正確に測定することができる。When a temperature compensating detection rod having the same material and the same diameter as the detection rod is provided on the holding member, and a temperature compensating fiber Bragg grating having the same characteristics as the fiber Bragg grating is attached to the temperature compensating detection rod, ,
Since the correction due to the temperature change can be performed, the flow velocity of the fluid can be accurately measured.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を添付
図面に基づいて詳述する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
【００１８】図１（ａ）は、本発明の光式流速センサの
一実施の形態を示す静止状態の概念図であり、図１
（ｂ）は図１（ａ）の流動状態の概念図である。FIG. 1 (a) is a conceptual diagram of a stationary state showing an embodiment of the optical flow velocity sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 1B is a conceptual diagram of the flow state of FIG.
【００１９】本光式流速センサ１０は、検知棒１１と、
検知棒１１に貼り付けられると共に光ファイバ１２ａ、
１２ｂに接続され光ファイバ１２ａ、１２ｂから入射さ
れた光から異なる波長の反射光を出力するファイバブラ
ッググレーティング（以下「ＦＢＧ」という。）１３
ａ、１３ｂと、検知棒１１の下端が流体１４中に挿入さ
れ、かつ鉛直になるように検知棒１１の上端を保持する
保持部材１５とを備えたものである。光ファイバ１２
ａ、１２ｂはそれぞれ図示しない受光器に接続され、反
射光が受光器で電気信号に変換され流速が測定される。The present optical type flow velocity sensor 10 includes a detection rod 11 and
The optical fiber 12a is attached to the detection rod 11,
A fiber Bragg grating (hereinafter referred to as "FBG") 13 that is connected to 12b and outputs reflected light of different wavelengths from the light incident from the optical fibers 12a and 12b.
a, 13b, and a holding member 15 for holding the upper end of the detection rod 11 so that the lower end of the detection rod 11 is inserted into the fluid 14 and is vertical. Optical fiber 12
Each of a and 12b is connected to a light receiver (not shown), the reflected light is converted into an electric signal by the light receiver, and the flow velocity is measured.
【００２０】保持部材１５としては、例えば河川や水路
等の流速を測定する場合には、下部が護岸に固定された
Γ字形状のアーム部材や、護岸に固定された支柱と、支
柱に一端が固定された梁とで構成されたものが挙げられ
る。As the holding member 15, for example, when the flow velocity of a river or a waterway is measured, a Γ-shaped arm member whose lower portion is fixed to a seawall, a pillar fixed to the seawall, and one end of the pillar One of them is a fixed beam.
【００２１】検知棒１１は、可撓性を有する材質、例え
ば、ステンレスや真鍮等の腐食しにくい金属や、炭素繊
維樹脂等の円柱からなっている。The detection rod 11 is made of a flexible material, for example, a metal such as stainless steel or brass which is hard to corrode, or a cylinder of carbon fiber resin or the like.
【００２２】ＦＢＧ１３ａ、１３ｂは検知棒１１の外周
面の周方向に複数箇所（図では２箇所であるが、限定さ
れない。）設けられている。The FBGs 13a and 13b are provided at a plurality of locations (two locations in the figure, but not limited) in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the detection rod 11.
【００２３】次に図１（ａ）、（ｂ）を参照して本光式
流速センサの動作について説明する。Next, the operation of the present optical velocity sensor will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b).
【００２４】図２は図１（ａ）、（ｂ）に示した光式流
速センサの流速とＦＢＧ波長との関係を示す図であり、
横軸が流速を示し、縦軸がＦＢＧ波長を示している。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the flow velocity of the optical flow velocity sensor shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) and the FBG wavelength.
The horizontal axis represents the flow velocity and the vertical axis represents the FBG wavelength.
【００２５】図１（ａ）に示すように流体が静止状態の
場合には、検知棒１１には撓みが生じることがないの
で、ＦＢＧ１３ａ、１３ｂには何ら歪みが加わらない。
このため、流速は「０」と検知される。When the fluid is in a stationary state as shown in FIG. 1 (a), the detection rod 11 is not bent, so that no strain is applied to the FBGs 13a and 13b.
Therefore, the flow velocity is detected as "0".
【００２６】図１（ｂ）に示すように流体が流動状態の
場合には、検知棒１１が流れの方向に沿って撓み、検知
棒１１に貼り付けられたＦＢＧ１３ａ、１３ｂに歪みが
加わる。流体１４の流速に応じてＦＢＧ１３ａ、１３ｂ
からの反射波長が図２に示すように変化する。このとき
の反射光の波長の変化量から流体１４の流速を算出する
ことが可能となる。流体１４の流速の検出には従来のよ
うにコイルを利用せず、光ファイバに形成されたブラッ
ググレーティングを利用しているので、電磁ノイズの影
響を受けることなく流速を測定することができる。As shown in FIG. 1B, when the fluid is in a flowing state, the detection rod 11 bends in the flow direction, and the FBGs 13a and 13b attached to the detection rod 11 are distorted. FBGs 13a, 13b depending on the flow velocity of the fluid 14
The reflected wavelength from the light changes as shown in FIG. The flow velocity of the fluid 14 can be calculated from the amount of change in the wavelength of the reflected light at this time. Since the coil is not used for detecting the flow velocity of the fluid 14 as in the prior art, but the Bragg grating formed in the optical fiber is used, the flow velocity can be measured without being affected by electromagnetic noise.
【００２７】また、本光式流速センサ１０は、検知棒１
１が金属製の円柱からなるので、構成が簡単であり、し
かも外部からの電磁ノイズの影響を受けることがない。Further, the present optical type flow velocity sensor 10 includes the detection rod 1
Since 1 is made of a metal cylinder, the structure is simple and is not affected by electromagnetic noise from the outside.
【００２８】さらに、ＦＢＧ１３ａ、１３ｂが検知棒１
１の外周面の周方向に２箇所設けられていることによ
り、流体１４の流れる方向に検知棒１１が変形したとき
に、各ＦＢＧ１３ａ、１３ｂからの反射光の変化を検知
することで、流体１４の流速だけでなく、流向も検知す
ることができる。この場合にも電磁ノイズの影響を受け
ることがない。Further, the FBGs 13a and 13b are the detection rods 1.
By providing two locations in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of No. 1, when the detection rod 11 is deformed in the direction in which the fluid 14 flows, the fluid 14 is detected by detecting the change in the reflected light from each FBG 13a, 13b. It is possible to detect not only the flow velocity of but also the flow direction. Also in this case, there is no influence of electromagnetic noise.
【００２９】ここで、ＦＢＧ波長は温度変化によっても
変化するので、温度補正を行うのが好ましい。Here, since the FBG wavelength changes depending on the temperature change, it is preferable to perform temperature correction.
【００３０】この温度補正は、例えば、下端が流体１４
から離れるように上端が保持部材１５に鉛直に支持さ
れ、検知棒１１と同一材質、同一径を有する温度補正用
検知棒１６と、この温度補正用検知棒１６に貼り付けら
れ、ＦＢＧ１３ａ、１３ｂと同一特性を有する温度補正
用ＦＢＧ１７とを用いて、ＦＢＧ１３ａ、１３ｂの反射
波長の変化量から温度補正用ＦＢＧ１７の反射波長の変
化量を差し引くことにより行う。尚、１８は温度補正用
ＦＢＧ１７からの反射光を図示しない受光器へ伝搬する
ための光ファイバである。This temperature correction is performed by, for example, the fluid 14 at the lower end.
The upper end of which is vertically supported by the holding member 15 so as to be separated from the detection rod 11 and has the same material and the same diameter as the detection rod 11, and the temperature correction detection rod 16 is attached to the temperature correction detection rod 16 and the FBGs 13a and 13b. The temperature correction FBG 17 having the same characteristics is used to subtract the change amount of the reflection wavelength of the temperature correction FBG 17 from the change amount of the reflection wavelength of the FBGs 13a and 13b. Reference numeral 18 is an optical fiber for propagating the reflected light from the FBG 17 for temperature correction to a light receiver (not shown).
【００３１】本発明の実施の形態では、検知棒が円柱の
場合で説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものでは
なく、板状であってもよい。尚、この場合には一定方向
の流速のみ測定することになるので、予め流体の方向が
決まっている場合、例えば管路内の流速の測定に用いる
ことができる。In the embodiment of the present invention, the case where the detection rod has a cylindrical shape has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this and may have a plate shape. In this case, since only the flow velocity in a fixed direction is measured, when the direction of the fluid is determined in advance, it can be used, for example, to measure the flow velocity in the pipeline.
【００３２】[0032]
【発明の効果】以上要するに本発明によれば、電磁ノイ
ズに強い光式流速センサを提供することができる。In summary, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an optical flow velocity sensor resistant to electromagnetic noise.
【図１】（ａ）は、本発明の光式流速センサの一実施の
形態を示す静止状態の概念図であり、（ｂ）は（ａ）の
流動状態の概念図である。FIG. 1 (a) is a conceptual diagram in a stationary state showing an embodiment of an optical flow velocity sensor of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (b) is a conceptual diagram in a flowing state in (a).
【図２】図１（ａ）、（ｂ）に示した光式流速センサの
流速とＦＢＧ波長との関係を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the flow velocity of the optical flow velocity sensor shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) and the FBG wavelength.
【図３】電磁式流速センサを用いた流速計の概念図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a velocity meter using an electromagnetic velocity sensor.
１１ 検知棒
１２ａ、１２ｂ、１８ 光ファイバ
１３ａ、１３ｂ ファイバブラッググレーティング（Ｆ
ＢＧ）
１４ 流体
１５ 保持部材11 detection rods 12a, 12b, 18 optical fibers 13a, 13b fiber Bragg grating (F
BG) 14 fluid 15 holding member
Claims (5)
共に光ファイバに接続され該光ファイバから入射された
光より異なる波長の反射光を出力するファイバブラッグ
グレーティングと、上記検知棒の下端が流体中に挿入さ
れ、かつ鉛直になるように上記検知棒の上端を保持する
保持部材とを備えたことを特徴とする光式流速センサ。1. A detection rod, a fiber Bragg grating which is attached to the detection rod and which is connected to an optical fiber and outputs reflected light having a wavelength different from that of light incident from the optical fiber, and a lower end of the detection rod. An optical flow velocity sensor, comprising: a holding member that is inserted into a fluid and holds the upper end of the detection rod so as to be vertical.
なり、円柱状に形成されている請求項１に記載の光式流
速センサ。2. The optical flow velocity sensor according to claim 1, wherein the detection rod is made of a flexible material and is formed in a cylindrical shape.
上記検知棒の外周面の周方向に複数箇所設けた請求項２
に記載の光式流速センサ。3. The fiber Bragg grating is provided at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the detection rod.
The optical flow velocity sensor described in.
なり、平板状に形成され、流体の流れる方向に対して主
面が直交するように配置される請求項１に記載の光式流
速センサ。4. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein the detection rod is made of a flexible material, is formed in a flat plate shape, and is arranged such that its main surface is orthogonal to the direction of fluid flow. Flow sensor.
同一径の温度補正用検知棒を設け、該温度補正用検知棒
に上記ファイバブラッググレーティングと同一特性を有
する温度補正用ファイバブラッググレーティングを貼り
付けた請求項１から４のいずれかに記載の光式流速セン
サ。5. The holding member is provided with a temperature-correcting detection rod made of the same material and having the same diameter as the detection rod, and the temperature-correction detection rod has a temperature-correction fiber Bragg grating having the same characteristics as the fiber Bragg grating. The optical flow velocity sensor according to claim 1, which is attached.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| EP1936332A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-25 | Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO | Karman vortex flowmeter assembly comprising a fiber Bragg grating sensor and method to measure a fluid flow rate |
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