JP2003274691A - Method and device for detecting abnormality of rotor in ac motor - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting abnormality of rotor in ac motorInfo
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- JP2003274691A JP2003274691A JP2002070855A JP2002070855A JP2003274691A JP 2003274691 A JP2003274691 A JP 2003274691A JP 2002070855 A JP2002070855 A JP 2002070855A JP 2002070855 A JP2002070855 A JP 2002070855A JP 2003274691 A JP2003274691 A JP 2003274691A
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、交流電動機の回転
子の異常を、電気的雑音の多い環境下で、且つ運転中で
あっても検出可能な交流電動機の回転子異常検出方法及
び回転子異常検出装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rotor abnormality detection method for an AC motor and a rotor capable of detecting abnormality of the rotor of the AC motor even in an environment where there is a lot of electrical noise and during operation. The present invention relates to an abnormality detection device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】交流電動機の回転子の異常を運転中に検
出する従来の装置として、バー切れ診断装置がある。こ
の装置では、交流電動機に流れる電流についてＦＦＴ分
析を行い、電源周波数成分の側帯波として現れる周波数
成分から回転子などの内部異常を検出する（ＦＦＴ分
析：電機設備診断の進め方（発行所：日本プラントメン
テナンス協会）初版第１刷発行１９９３年１２月１５
日、参照）。2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional device for detecting an abnormality of a rotor of an AC motor during operation, there is a bar burnout diagnosis device. In this device, FFT analysis is performed on the current flowing in the AC motor, and internal abnormalities such as the rotor are detected from the frequency components that appear as sidebands of the power supply frequency component (FFT analysis: How to proceed with electrical equipment diagnostics (Publisher: Nippon Plant (Maintenance Association) Issued the first edition of the first printing December 15, 1993
Sun, see).
【０００３】ここで、上記のような診断装置は、一般に
常時電動機に設置しておくわけではなく、診断する際に
適宜、取り付けて診断を行う。また、上記回転子の異常
に気づかずに電動機の運転を続けると、電動機自体の致
命的な破損に繋がり、電動機自体の交換が要求される場
合がある。一方、早期に回転子の異常が検出できれば、
通常は、回転子の補修だけで済む。Here, the above-mentioned diagnosis device is not usually always installed in the electric motor, but is appropriately attached and diagnosed when making a diagnosis. Further, if the operation of the electric motor is continued without noticing the abnormality of the rotor, the electric motor itself may be fatally damaged and the electric motor itself may be required to be replaced. On the other hand, if the rotor abnormality can be detected early,
Normally, you only need to repair the rotor.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上述の
ように回転子の異常を検出しようとすると、電流を検出
する電流プローブ（電流検出器）、および回転子の回転
数を検出する回転検出器が必要となる。特に、回転検出
器は、一旦電動機を停止しないと取り付けることが困難
である。また、電動機が正常状態であっても、電動機に
流れる電流には、インバータなどによる電源制御の際な
どに発生する電気的ノイズが重畳されているため、電動
機が正常なときの電流の周波数スペクトルと、回転子の
バーが切断したときの電流スペクトルとの違いは僅かで
あり、回転子の異常の有無の判定に、熟練が要求され
る。図６に、正常なときの電流の周波数スペクトルを、
図７に、回転子のバーが切断したときの電流の周波数ス
ペクトルを示す。この図６及び図７から分かるように、
スペクトルの違いは僅かである。なお、図中、Ｐ（ｆ−
２ｓｆ）、Ｐ（ｆ＋２ｓｆ）が異常脈動に関与する側帯
波成分である。また、図中の振幅差は、上記側帯波とＰ
（ｓ）との間の振幅差を表す。However, when trying to detect the abnormality of the rotor as described above, the current probe (current detector) for detecting the current and the rotation detector for detecting the number of rotations of the rotor are required. Will be needed. In particular, it is difficult to attach the rotation detector unless the electric motor is stopped once. Even when the electric motor is in a normal state, the electric current that flows in the electric motor is superposed with electrical noise that occurs when the power source is controlled by an inverter, etc. The difference from the current spectrum when the bar of the rotor is cut is slight, and skill is required to determine whether the rotor is abnormal. Figure 6 shows the frequency spectrum of the current under normal conditions.
FIG. 7 shows the frequency spectrum of the current when the rotor bar is cut. As can be seen from FIGS. 6 and 7,
The difference in the spectra is slight. In the figure, P (f-
2sf) and P (f + 2sf) are sideband components involved in abnormal pulsation. In addition, the amplitude difference in the figure is the sideband wave and P
It represents the amplitude difference between (s).
【０００５】また、上記検出方法におけるＦＦＴ分析の
欠点として、測定値の不連続性（測定が必ずしも０点
（振幅＝０）から開始しないこと。）があるために、窓
関数を使用して誤差の補正を行う必要性があったが、電
流信号そのものが電源高調波等で歪んでいる場合には、
その誤差は複雑なものとなり、側帯波に類似したノイズ
成分が多数重畳することが多々あった。この点からも、
回転子の異常検出が面倒なものとなる。Further, as a drawback of the FFT analysis in the above detection method, there is a discontinuity of the measured value (measurement does not always start from 0 point (amplitude = 0)), and therefore an error is caused by using the window function. However, if the current signal itself is distorted due to power source harmonics, etc.,
The error becomes complicated, and many noise components similar to sidebands are often superimposed. From this point as well,
Rotor abnormality detection becomes cumbersome.
【０００６】本発明は、上記のような問題点に着目して
なされたもので、交流電動機の回転子の異常を、運転状
態であっても、ノイズの影響を最少限度にして簡易に検
出することが可能な交流電動機の回転子異常検出方法及
び回転子異常検出装置を提供することを課題としてい
る。The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above problems, and easily detects an abnormality of the rotor of an AC motor even in an operating state by minimizing the influence of noise. An object of the present invention is to provide a rotor abnormality detection method and a rotor abnormality detection device for an AC electric motor capable of performing the same.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
に、本発明のうち請求項１に記載した発明は、交流電動
機に流れる電流における、同一位相となっている２つの
波形同士を減算することで抽出した成分に基づき、回転
子の異常の有無を検出することを特徴とする交流電動機
の回転子異常検出方法を提供するものである。次に、請
求項２に記載した発明は、請求項１に記載した構成に対
し、上記２つの波形は、連続した２サイクル分の波形内
に存在する、互いに同一位相となっている波形部分であ
ることを特徴とするものである。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention described in claim 1 of the present invention subtracts two waveforms having the same phase in the current flowing through the AC motor. The present invention provides a rotor abnormality detection method for an AC motor, which is characterized by detecting the presence or absence of abnormality of the rotor based on the components extracted in this way. Next, in the invention described in claim 2, in contrast to the configuration described in claim 1, the two waveforms are waveform portions that are in the same phase and exist in a waveform for two consecutive cycles. It is characterized by being.
【０００８】次に、請求項３に記載した発明は、交流電
動機に流れる電流を検出する電流検出手段と、電流検出
手段が検出した電流波形のうち、隣り合う同一位相部分
の波形同士を減算することで脈動成分を抽出する抽出手
段と、抽出手段が抽出した成分に基づき回転子の異常を
検出する異常判定手段とを備えることを特徴とする交流
電動機の回転子異常検出装置を提供するものである。本
発明によれば、交流電動機に流れる電流のうち、同一位
相の波形同士で減算を行うことで、電源周波数成分、電
源周波数に同期する高調波成分、及びサイリスタ電流サ
ージなどの電源周波数に同期するノイズ成分が相殺（消
去）若しくは大幅に相殺（消去）され、回転子異常に伴
う脈動成分が抽出される。Next, in the invention described in claim 3, the current detecting means for detecting the current flowing in the AC motor and the waveforms of the adjacent same phase portions among the current waveforms detected by the current detecting means are subtracted from each other. By providing an extracting means for extracting a pulsating component, and an abnormality determining means for detecting an abnormality of the rotor based on the component extracted by the extracting means, a rotor abnormality detecting device for an AC electric motor is provided. is there. According to the present invention, by subtracting waveforms having the same phase from each other in the current flowing through the AC motor, the power source frequency component, the harmonic component synchronized with the power source frequency, and the power source frequency such as the thyristor current surge are synchronized. The noise component is canceled (erased) or largely canceled (erased), and the pulsating component associated with the rotor abnormality is extracted.
【０００９】上記脈動成分を連続して取得すると、異常
時には長周期（例えば３〜４Ｈｚ）の波形として異常時
の脈動成分が検出され、熟練者でなくても確実に異常検
出が可能となる。また、上記サイリスタ電流サージなど
の電源周波数に同期するノイズ成分は、通常、周期的に
ほぼ同一位相位置に、かつ同じ波形で混在しているの
で、上記のように同一位相の波形同士で減算することで
相殺可能である。特に、この効果は、隣り合う同一波形
同士間で実施することで、上記ノイズ成分をより確実に
相殺することができる。上記２つの同一位相波形位置が
離れるほど、ノイズの位置がずれる可能性が大きくな
る。When the pulsation component is continuously acquired, the pulsation component at the time of abnormality is detected as a waveform having a long cycle (for example, 3 to 4 Hz) at the time of abnormality, and it is possible for the unskilled person to reliably detect the abnormality. Further, since the noise components such as the thyristor current surge that are synchronized with the power supply frequency are periodically mixed in substantially the same phase position and with the same waveform, as described above, the waveforms of the same phase are subtracted from each other. This can be offset. In particular, this effect can be canceled more reliably by performing the effect between adjacent identical waveforms. The more the two in-phase waveform positions are apart from each other, the greater the possibility that the noise position is displaced.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】次に、本発明に係る実施形態につ
いて図面を参照しつつ説明する。図１は、本発明の異常
検出方法を採用した異常検出装置を示す構成図である。
図１中、符号１が電動機を、符号２が電動機１に電力を
供給する三相の電線を、符号３が電源を、符号４が電流
計をそれぞれ示している。上記異常検出装置は、電流検
出器５、Ａ／Ｄ変換器６、ＤＳＰ７（Ｄｉｇｉｔａ１
Ｓｉｇｎａ１ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｒ）、Ｄ／Ａ変換器
８、及び異常判定部９を備える。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an anomaly detection device adopting the anomaly detection method of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 indicates an electric motor, reference numeral 2 indicates a three-phase electric wire for supplying electric power to the electric motor 1, reference numeral 3 indicates a power source, and reference numeral 4 indicates an ammeter. The above-mentioned abnormality detection device includes a current detector 5, an A / D converter 6, a DSP 7 (Digital 1).
Signal1 Processor), a D / A converter 8, and an abnormality determination unit 9.
【００１１】電流検出器５は、電動機１に流れる電流を
検出するもので、検出した電流信号をＡ／Ｄ変換器６に
出力する。この電流検出器５は、例えば、分割型の計器
用変流器などから構成され、電動機１の電流計測回路な
どの配線をクリップすることで、電動機１が運転中にで
も、容易に設置して電流を検出して、回転子の異常判定
ができる。Ａ／Ｄ変換器６は、入力信号をデジタル信号
に変換してＤＳＰ７に出力する。The current detector 5 detects the current flowing through the electric motor 1, and outputs the detected current signal to the A / D converter 6. The current detector 5 is composed of, for example, a split type current transformer for instruments, and by clipping the wiring of the current measuring circuit of the electric motor 1, the electric current detector 5 can be easily installed even while the electric motor 1 is in operation. It is possible to determine the abnormality of the rotor by detecting the current. The A / D converter 6 converts the input signal into a digital signal and outputs it to the DSP 7.
【００１２】ここで、図２に示すように、電源周波数が
６０Ｈｚの場合に、サンプリング周波数を１５４８０Ｈ
ｚに設定すると、１サイクル分が２５８個のデジタルデ
ータとなるので、後述の各レジスタ１１，１２，１３を
それぞれ２５８個の格納部を持つレジスタに設定すれ
ば、１サイクル毎に連続して波形データを格納可能とな
る。ＤＳＰ７では、電源周波数の周期に同期をとって、
入力信号から１サイクル分のデジタル信号を第１レジス
タ１１に記憶し、続けて、電源周波数の１周期だけ遅れ
た信号を第２レジスタ１２に記憶する。次に、第１レジ
スタ１１から第２レジスタ１２を減算することで、電源
周波数に同期した信号を消去し、減算結果を第３レジス
タ１３に書き込む。この第３レジスタ１３の内容は、Ｄ
／Ａ変換器８でアナログ信号に変換された後に、異常判
定部９に出力される。このＤＳＰ７が抽出手段を構成す
る。Here, as shown in FIG. 2, when the power supply frequency is 60 Hz, the sampling frequency is 15480H.
When set to z, one cycle's worth of digital data becomes 258, so if each of the registers 11, 12, and 13 described later is set to a register having 258 storages, waveforms are continuously generated at each cycle. Data can be stored. In DSP7, in synchronization with the cycle of the power supply frequency,
A digital signal for one cycle from the input signal is stored in the first register 11, and subsequently, a signal delayed by one cycle of the power supply frequency is stored in the second register 12. Next, by subtracting the second register 12 from the first register 11, the signal synchronized with the power supply frequency is erased, and the subtraction result is written in the third register 13. The content of this third register 13 is D
After being converted into an analog signal by the / A converter 8, it is output to the abnormality determination unit 9. This DSP 7 constitutes the extraction means.
【００１３】ここで、上記減算処理後の第２レジスタ１
２の内容は、第１レジスタ１１にシフトされ、続く１周
期分のデジタルデータが第２レジスタ１２に記憶され
て、上記減算処理が行われる。この処理が、ＤＳＰ７で
繰り返し行われる。異常判定部９では、連続して入力さ
れるアナログ信号に基づいて、回転子の異常の有無を判
定する。電動機１に異常が発生していない場合には、判
定部に入力された信号はゼロ信号であり、一方、回転子
に異常がある場合には、脈動成分がある。したがって、
熟練者でなくても判定可能であり、また、自動判定も容
易である。Here, the second register 1 after the above subtraction processing
The contents of 2 are shifted to the first register 11, the digital data for one subsequent period is stored in the second register 12, and the subtraction process is performed. This process is repeatedly performed by the DSP 7. The abnormality determination unit 9 determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the rotor based on the analog signals continuously input. When the motor 1 is not abnormal, the signal input to the determination unit is a zero signal, while when the rotor is abnormal, there is a pulsating component. Therefore,
Even an unskilled person can make a determination, and automatic determination is easy.
【００１４】すなわち、上記判定部に連続して入力され
るアナログ信号は、電源周波数の周期を６０Ｈｚとする
と、回転子に異常がある場合には、その脈動成分が、例
えば図３に示すように、４〜５Ｈｚ程度の長周期の波と
して検出される一方、回転子に異常がない場合には、上
記波形が存在しないので、手動で例えばオシロスコープ
等で確認しても、熟練者でなくても判別は容易である。
また、異常判定部９にＦＦＴ分析装置を採用した場合に
は、脈動成分の周波数分析が実施される。このＦＦＴ分
析を行うと、回転子に異常がある場合には、例えば図４
に示すように、２〜６Ｈｚのあたりにはっきりとしたピ
ーク値が現れるが、回転子に異常が無い場合には、はっ
きりとしたピーク値が現れない。したがって、確実に回
転子の異常が検出される。That is, when the cycle of the power supply frequency is 60 Hz, the pulsating component of the analog signal continuously input to the above-mentioned judging section is as shown in FIG. 3, for example, when the rotor is abnormal. While it is detected as a long cycle wave of about 4 to 5 Hz, if there is no abnormality in the rotor, the above waveform does not exist. The determination is easy.
Further, when the FFT analysis device is adopted as the abnormality determination unit 9, frequency analysis of the pulsating component is performed. When this FFT analysis is performed and there is an abnormality in the rotor, for example, as shown in FIG.
As shown in, a clear peak value appears around 2 to 6 Hz, but no clear peak value appears when there is no abnormality in the rotor. Therefore, the abnormality of the rotor is surely detected.
【００１５】ここで、上記回転子が異常の場合に現れる
脈動電流は、（２・ｓ・ｆ）をピークとした脈動電流で
ある。上記ｓは、すべり値を、ｆは、周波数をそれぞれ
示している。したがって、すべり値ｓに対応するピーク
値の周波数を特定し、特定した周波数に所定の大きさの
ピークが有るスペクトルが無いか否かで、より正確な判
定が可能となる。The pulsating current that appears when the rotor is abnormal is a pulsating current having a peak at (2 · s · f). The s indicates the slip value, and the f indicates the frequency. Therefore, a more accurate determination can be made by identifying the frequency of the peak value corresponding to the slip value s and determining whether or not there is a spectrum having a peak of a predetermined magnitude at the identified frequency.
【００１６】例えば、周波数６０Ｈｚで且つ２極の電動
機１で、同期速度が３６００ｒｐｍ、実速度が３５００
ｒｐｍとすると、すべり値ｓ＝（（３６００−３５０
０）／３６００）≒３％となる。したがって、２・ｓ・
ｆ＝２・（３／１００）・６０＝３．６Ｈｚとなり、
３．６Ｈｚをピークとした脈動で上記異常時の脈動か否
かが確認できる。ＦＦＴ分析の際に、各同一波形部分の
開始位置が振幅ゼロの０点でなくても、、つまり測定値
が不連続であっても、従来のように窓関数を使用する必
要がない。For example, in a motor 1 having a frequency of 60 Hz and two poles, a synchronous speed is 3600 rpm and an actual speed is 3500.
If rpm, then the slip value s = ((3600-350
0) / 3600) ≈3%. Therefore, 2 · s ·
f = 2 · (3/100) · 60 = 3.6Hz,
It is possible to confirm whether or not the pulsation at the time of the above abnormality occurs by the pulsation having a peak at 3.6 Hz. In the FFT analysis, even if the start position of each identical waveform portion is not the zero point of zero amplitude, that is, the measured values are discontinuous, it is not necessary to use the window function as in the conventional case.
【００１７】また、判定部で自動判定する場合には、異
常を検出すると、スピーカなどの報知手段１０に異常信
号を出力する。ここで、上記実施形態では、隣り合う１
サイクル毎、つまり、図５中における、Ｗ１とＷ２、Ｗ
２とＷ３，Ｗ３とＷ４，・・・というように、減算する
波形を設定しているが、Ｙ１とＹ２のように、隣り合う
２サイクル中の同一位相部分を減算する波形としても良
い。また、Ｗ１とＷ２，Ｗ３とＷ４というように減算す
る組合せを設定しても良い。また、若干精度が落ちるも
のの、Ｗ１とＷ３のように、隣り合わない位置の同一波
形同士で減算処理をしても構わない。Further, in the case where the judging section automatically judges, when an abnormality is detected, an abnormality signal is output to the notifying means 10 such as a speaker. Here, in the above embodiment, the adjacent 1
Every cycle, that is, W1, W2, and W in FIG.
Although the waveforms to be subtracted are set as 2 and W3, W3 and W4, ..., The waveforms for subtracting the same phase portion in two adjacent cycles such as Y1 and Y2 may be used. In addition, a combination of subtraction such as W1 and W2 and W3 and W4 may be set. Further, although the accuracy is slightly lowered, the subtraction processing may be performed between the same waveforms at positions that are not adjacent to each other like W1 and W3.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】以上説明してきたように、本発明を採用
すると、交流電動機の回転子にバー切れなどの異常がお
きた際に生じる脈動成分を、高調波ノイズをはじめとす
る電源ノイズを消去して検出可能となるため、高い精度
で異常の検出が可能となる。As described above, when the present invention is adopted, the pulsating component generated when an abnormality such as a bar break occurs in the rotor of the AC motor eliminates power source noise including harmonic noise. Therefore, the abnormality can be detected with high accuracy.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】本発明に基づく実施形態に係る装置構成を説明
する図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a device configuration according to an embodiment based on the present invention.
【図２】本発明に基づく実施形態に係る異常検出装置の
処理を説明する図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a process of the abnormality detection device according to the embodiment based on the present invention.
【図３】本発明に基づく実施形態に係る連続して抽出し
た脈動成分の波形の例を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of waveforms of continuously extracted pulsation components according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明に基づく実施形態に係るＦＦＴ分析した
周波数スペクトルの例を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an FFT-analyzed frequency spectrum according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図５】本発明に基づく実施形態に係る電流波形の例を
示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a current waveform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】電動機が正常なときの周波数スペクトルの例を
示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a frequency spectrum when the electric motor is normal.
【図７】回転子のバーが切断したときのスペクトルの例
を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a spectrum when a bar of a rotor is cut.
１ 電動機 ２ 電線 ３ 電源 ５ 電流検出器（電流検出手段） ６ Ａ／Ｄ変換器 ７ ＤＳＰ（抽出手段） ８ Ｄ／Ａ変換器 ９ 異常判定部（異常判定手段） １１ 第１レジスタ １２ 第２レジスタ １３ 第３レジスタ 1 electric motor 2 electric wires 3 power supplies 5 Current detector (current detection means) 6 A / D converter 7 DSP (extractor) 8 D / A converter 9 Abnormality determination unit (abnormality determination means) 11 First register 12 Second register 13 Third register
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 2G016 BC05 BD01 BD06 BD09 5H570 BB08 BB10 DD03 JJ03 JJ06 JJ16 JJ30 KK06 KK08 LL02 LL33 MM07 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page F-term (reference) 2G016 BC05 BD01 BD06 BD09 5H570 BB08 BB10 DD03 JJ03 JJ06 JJ16 JJ30 KK06 KK08 LL02 LL33 MM07
Claims (3)
位相となっている２つの波形同士を減算することで抽出
した成分に基づき、回転子の異常の有無を検出すること
を特徴とする交流電動機の回転子異常検出方法。1. An AC motor characterized in that the presence or absence of abnormality of a rotor is detected based on a component extracted by subtracting two waveforms having the same phase from each other in a current flowing through the AC motor. Rotor abnormality detection method.
分の波形内に存在する、互いに同一位相となっている波
形部分であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載した交流
電動機の回転子異常検出方法。2. The rotor for an AC motor according to claim 1, wherein the two waveforms are waveform portions that are present in a waveform for two consecutive cycles and have the same phase with each other. Anomaly detection method.
検出手段と、電流検出手段が検出した電流波形のうち、
隣り合う同一位相部分の波形同士を減算することで脈動
成分を抽出する抽出手段と、抽出手段が抽出した成分に
基づき回転子の異常を検出する異常判定手段とを備える
ことを特徴とする交流電動機の回転子異常検出装置。3. A current detecting means for detecting a current flowing through an AC motor, and a current waveform detected by the current detecting means,
An alternating current motor comprising: an extracting unit that extracts a pulsating component by subtracting waveforms of adjacent same phase portions; and an abnormality determining unit that detects an abnormality of the rotor based on the component extracted by the extracting unit. Rotor abnormality detection device.
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| JP2002070855A JP4062939B2 (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2002-03-14 | Rotor abnormality detection method and rotor abnormality detection apparatus for AC motor |
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| JP2002070855A JP4062939B2 (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2002-03-14 | Rotor abnormality detection method and rotor abnormality detection apparatus for AC motor |
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| JP4062939B2 JP4062939B2 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
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| JP2002070855A Expired - Fee Related JP4062939B2 (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2002-03-14 | Rotor abnormality detection method and rotor abnormality detection apparatus for AC motor |
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