JP2003259606A - Metallic graphite brush - Google Patents
Metallic graphite brushInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003259606A JP2003259606A JP2002356116A JP2002356116A JP2003259606A JP 2003259606 A JP2003259606 A JP 2003259606A JP 2002356116 A JP2002356116 A JP 2002356116A JP 2002356116 A JP2002356116 A JP 2002356116A JP 2003259606 A JP2003259606 A JP 2003259606A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- brush
- phosphoric acid
- test example
- phosphate
- graphite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- -1 phosphoric acid compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 33
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 24
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydron;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Mn+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002471 indium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UJXZVRRCKFUQKG-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [In+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O UJXZVRRCKFUQKG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000159 nickel phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K nickel(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Ni+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010680 novolac-type phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B tin(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[Sn+4].[Sn+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 2
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIQKNTIOWITBBA-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Sb+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KIQKNTIOWITBBA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- HUTDDBSSHVOYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-H bis[(2-oxo-1,3,2$l^{5},4$l^{2}-dioxaphosphaplumbetan-2-yl)oxy]lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O HUTDDBSSHVOYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の利用分野】この発明はモータや発電機などの回
転機器に使用する金属黒鉛質ブラシに関し、特に金属黒
鉛質ブラシの摺動特性の改善に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a metallic graphite brush used for rotating equipment such as a motor and a generator, and more particularly to improvement of sliding characteristics of the metallic graphite brush.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】自動車電装モータ用ブラシなどの低電圧
動作のブラシとして、金属黒鉛質ブラシが用いられてき
た。金属黒鉛質ブラシは、黒鉛と銅粉などの金属粉を混
合し、成形・焼結して製造され、低電圧動作のため、黒
鉛よりも低抵抗の金属粉を配合して抵抗率を低下させて
いる。金属黒鉛質ブラシには、耐久性向上のために配合
成分には様々な工夫がなされ、二硫化モリブデン、二硫
化タングステンなどの金属硫化物固体潤滑剤や鉛がしば
しば添加され、相応の耐久性向上効果を得ている。2. Description of the Related Art Metal-graphite brushes have been used as low-voltage brushes such as brushes for electric motors of automobiles. The metal graphite brush is manufactured by mixing graphite and metal powder such as copper powder, molding and sintering, and because it operates at low voltage, it mixes metal powder with lower resistance than graphite to lower the resistivity. ing. Various improvements have been made to the compounding components of metallic graphite brushes to improve durability, and metal sulfide solid lubricants such as molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide and lead are often added to improve durability. It has an effect.
【０００３】しかし近年では、従来にもまして、モータ
の効率アップや小型化が進み、それに伴って、ブラシに
はさらに耐久性の向上や高効率化が求められており、従
来の二硫化モリブデン、二硫化タングステンや鉛などだ
けでは、対応しきれない状況となっている。金属黒鉛質
ブラシは整流子上を摺動する時、ブラシ成分である黒鉛
や銅が整流子上に被膜を形成し、これが潤滑作用をする
ことで、整流子やブラシの摩耗を防いでいる、と一般的
に考えられている。しかしながらこれらの被膜の形成状
態はモータの仕様、使用条件や、配合される添加剤成分
により変化し、被膜が厚くなり過ぎる、あるいは被膜に
むらが生じると、ブラシや整流子が摩耗する原因とな
る。また被膜が厚く付きすぎると、接触面での抵抗が増
大し、モータの出力低下の要因となることが知られてい
る。効率を追求する最近のモータでは、これは大きな問
題となる。However, in recent years, the efficiency and size of the motor have been increased more than ever, and along with this, the brush is required to have further improved durability and higher efficiency. The situation is such that tungsten disulfide and lead are not enough. When a metal-graphite brush slides on a commutator, graphite or copper, which is a brush component, forms a film on the commutator, which has a lubricating effect, thereby preventing wear of the commutator and brush. Is generally considered. However, the state of formation of these coatings varies depending on the specifications of the motor, operating conditions, and additive components to be mixed, and if the coating becomes too thick or the coating becomes uneven, it may cause abrasion of the brush and commutator. . Further, it is known that if the coating film is too thick, the resistance at the contact surface increases, which causes a reduction in motor output. With modern motors seeking efficiency, this is a major problem.
【０００４】ブラシの耐久性を向上させるため通常に用
いる、金属硫化物固体潤滑剤や鉛などの添加剤は、それ
ら単独では被膜が厚く付きすぎる傾向にあり、また被膜
にむらが生じやすいため、整流子の摩耗が大きくなった
り、出力低下が生じたりする。これを防ぐため、厚く付
きすぎた被膜を削り取るように、シリカ、アルミナ、鉄
粉、マンガン粉などの被膜調整剤を添加することもある
が、被膜調整剤の添加は、整流子を摩耗させるなどのト
ラブルの原因になりやすかった。Additives such as metal sulfide solid lubricants and lead, which are usually used for improving the durability of the brush, tend to have too thick a coating alone, and the coating tends to be uneven. The commutator will be greatly worn or the output will be reduced. In order to prevent this, a film modifier such as silica, alumina, iron powder, manganese powder may be added so as to scrape off a film that is too thick, but addition of a film modifier causes abrasion of the commutator, etc. It was easy to cause trouble.
【特許文献１】 特開昭６３−１４３７７０
特許文献１は、黒鉛と銅粉と二硫化モリブデンとを含む
ブラシに、被膜調整剤のシリカと、Ｃu３Ｐ，ＳnＰ，Ａ
gＰ等のリン化合物とを添加することを開示している。
特許文献１では、リン化合物は銅の強度や硬度を向上す
るとしている。[Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-143770 discloses a brush containing graphite, copper powder, and molybdenum disulfide, silica as a film modifier, and Cu 3 P, SnP, A.
It discloses that a phosphorus compound such as gP is added.
Patent Document 1 states that a phosphorus compound improves the strength and hardness of copper.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明の課題】この発明の基本的課題は、金属黒鉛質ブ
ラシの摩耗や整流子の摩耗を防止し、かつ回転機器の出
力低下を防止することにある(請求項１〜４)。請求項２
〜４の発明での追加の課題は、そのための具体的な構成
を提供することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A basic object of the present invention is to prevent wear of a metal-graphite brush and commutator and prevent output reduction of rotating equipment (claims 1 to 4). Claim 2
An additional problem in the inventions of 4 to 4 is to provide a specific configuration therefor.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明の構成】この発明は、金属粉と黒鉛粉とを混合成
形したブラシ本体を備えた金属黒鉛質ブラシにおいて、
前記ブラシ本体に、リン酸またはリン酸化合物を添加し
たことを特徴とする(請求項１)。なおリン酸やリン酸化
合物の効果は、ＭoＳ2やＷＳ2などの金属硫化物固体潤
滑剤を含有するブラシ本体に対して特に著しいので、ブ
ラシ本体は好ましくは、金属と黒鉛の他に金属硫化物固
体潤滑剤を含有するものとする(請求項２)。ブラシ本体
中の金属硫化物固体潤滑剤の含有量は例えば０.３〜６
重量％(３〜６０mg／g本体材料)とし、好ましくは１〜
５重量％とする。The present invention relates to a metal-graphite brush having a brush body formed by mixing and molding metal powder and graphite powder,
Phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound is added to the brush body (Claim 1). Since the effect of phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound is particularly remarkable for a brush body containing a metal sulfide solid lubricant such as MoS2 or WS2, the brush body is preferably a metal sulfide solid in addition to metal and graphite. A lubricant is included (Claim 2). The content of the metal sulfide solid lubricant in the brush body is, for example, 0.3 to 6
% (3 to 60 mg / g body material), preferably 1 to
5% by weight.
【０００７】リン酸またはリン酸化合物は、整流子とブ
ラシ本体との摺動特性を改善する。ブラシ本体に均一に
リン酸またはリン酸化合物を添加しても良いが、整流子
との摺動部側にのみ添加しても良い。さらにリン酸また
はリン酸化合物の添加効果は、基本的にはリン酸イオン
(ＰＯ4 3-)あるいはリン酸根を添加したことによるもの
である。このため添加量はリン酸イオン換算で示し、分
母のブラシ本体材料の重量にはリン酸やリン酸化合物の
含有量も含めるものとする。またブラシ本体へのリン酸
やリン酸化合物の添加が不均一な場合、添加量は整流子
との摺動部側でのブラシ本体材料に対する添加量で定め
る。Phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound improves the sliding characteristics between the commutator and the brush body. Phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound may be uniformly added to the brush main body, but may be added only on the sliding portion side with the commutator. Furthermore, the effect of adding phosphoric acid or a phosphate compound is basically the phosphate ion.
It is by (PO 4 3-) or to the addition of phosphate radical. Therefore, the addition amount is shown in terms of phosphate ion, and the weight of the brush main body material of the denominator also includes the content of phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound. When the addition of phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound to the brush body is uneven, the addition amount is determined by the addition amount to the brush body material on the sliding portion side with the commutator.
【０００８】好ましくは、前記リン酸またはリン酸化合
物を、ブラシ本体の少なくとも整流子との摺動部側に添
加し、かつ前記リン酸またはリン酸化合物の合計添加量
を、リン酸イオン(ＰＯ4 3-)換算で、整流子との摺動部
側のブラシ本体材料１g当たり１〜４０mgとする(請求項
３)。より好ましくは前記の添加量を、リン酸イオン(Ｐ
Ｏ4 3-)換算で、整流子との摺動部側のブラシ本体材料１
g当たり２〜３５mgとする。以下では、リン酸またはリ
ン酸化合物を添加することを、簡単のため、リン酸イオ
ンを添加すると呼ぶことがある。Preferably, the phosphoric acid or the phosphoric acid compound is added to at least the sliding portion side of the brush body with the commutator, and the total amount of the phosphoric acid or the phosphoric acid compound added is the phosphate ion (PO). In terms of 4 3- ), the amount is 1 to 40 mg per 1 g of the brush main body material on the sliding portion side with the commutator (claim 3). More preferably, the above-mentioned addition amount is adjusted to phosphate ion (P
In terms of O 4 3- ), the brush body material on the sliding part side with the commutator 1
2-35 mg per g. Hereinafter, for the sake of simplicity, adding phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound may be referred to as adding phosphate ion.
【０００９】リン酸イオンの添加形態は、例えばリン酸
マンガン，リン酸亜鉛，リン酸ニッケル，リン酸銅など
の遷移金属塩や、リン酸錫、リン酸インジウムが好まし
い。ただしリン酸やリン酸化合物は、リン酸カルシウ
ム，リン酸アルミニウムなどの形態で添加しても良く、
Ｐ2Ｏ5などとして添加しても良い。好ましくは、前記リ
ン酸またはリン酸化合物を、遷移金属，インジウム、及
び錫からなる群の少なくとも一員の金属の塩として添加
する(請求項４)。The addition form of the phosphate ion is preferably a transition metal salt such as manganese phosphate, zinc phosphate, nickel phosphate, copper phosphate, tin phosphate or indium phosphate. However, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound may be added in the form of calcium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, etc.,
P 2 O 5 may be added as such. Preferably, the phosphoric acid or the phosphoric acid compound is added as a salt of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of transition metals, indium, and tin (claim 4).
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の作用と効果】この発明の金属黒鉛質ブラシで
は、ブラシ及び整流子の双方の摩耗を抑制でき、さらに
回転機器の出力低下を防止できる(請求項１)。ここでブ
ラシ本体が金属硫化物固体潤滑剤を含有する場合、特に
優れた効果が得られる(請求項２)。なおこの発明は、ス
タータモータ用ブラシなどの負荷の大きい金属黒鉛質ブ
ラシに対して特に適しているが、他の小型モータ用ブラ
シなどでも良く、用途を限定するものではない。With the metal-graphite brush of the present invention, it is possible to suppress wear of both the brush and the commutator, and further it is possible to prevent a reduction in output of the rotating equipment (claim 1). Here, when the brush main body contains the metal sulfide solid lubricant, a particularly excellent effect is obtained (Claim 2). Note that the present invention is particularly suitable for a metal graphite brush having a large load such as a starter motor brush, but other small motor brushes may be used and the application is not limited.
【００１１】リン酸イオンの添加量を、ブラシ本体の摺
動部側でブラシ本体材料１g当たり１mg以上とすると、
例えば表２，表３に示すように、ブラシや整流子の摩耗
の防止や、回転機器の出力低下の防止に優れた効果が得
られ、この効果はリン酸イオンの添加量を摺動部側のブ
ラシ本体材料１g当たり２mg／g以上とすると、特に著し
くなる。なお以下では、ブラシ本体の摺動部側でのブラ
シ本体材料１g当たりのリン酸イオンの濃度をmg単位で
示したものを、mg／g単位で表記する。ブラシや整流子
の摩耗の防止効果や、回転機器の出力低下の防止効果
は、リン酸イオン濃度を増すと増加するが、４０mg／g
超の添加ではブラシ本体の抵抗率が増加するので、リン
酸イオンの添加量は４０mg／g以下が好ましく、特に好
ましくは３５mg／g以下とする(請求項３)。リン酸イオ
ンの最も好ましい添加量は、２〜２５mg／gである。ま
たリン酸イオンの添加形態は、前記のように遷移金属塩
や錫塩、インジウム塩が好ましい(請求項４)。When the amount of phosphate ion added is 1 mg or more per 1 g of the brush body material on the sliding portion side of the brush body,
For example, as shown in Tables 2 and 3, excellent effects can be obtained in preventing abrasion of brushes and commutators and preventing output reduction of rotating equipment. This effect can be obtained by adjusting the amount of phosphate ion added to the sliding portion side. When the amount is 2 mg / g or more per 1 g of the brush body material, the above becomes particularly remarkable. In the following, the concentration of phosphate ion per 1 g of the brush body material on the sliding portion side of the brush body is shown in mg unit, and is shown in mg / g unit. The effect of preventing wear of brushes and commutators and the effect of reducing output of rotating equipment increase with increasing phosphate ion concentration, but 40 mg / g
If added in excess, the resistivity of the brush body increases, so the amount of phosphate ion added is preferably 40 mg / g or less, and particularly preferably 35 mg / g or less (claim 3). The most preferable addition amount of phosphate ion is 2 to 25 mg / g. Further, the addition form of the phosphate ion is preferably a transition metal salt, a tin salt or an indium salt as described above (claim 4).
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の実施の態様】用いる金属粉としては主として銅
粉を用いるが、銀粉、或いは銅粉と銀粉の混合粉などで
も良い。銅粉はブラシの抵抗を低く抑えることができる
ことから、電解銅粉を使用することが多いが、他のアト
マイズ銅粉、搗砕銅粉などでも良い。また黒鉛粉は、潤
滑性や抵抗率などから天然黒鉛粉が好ましいが、人造黒
鉛或いは天然黒鉛と人造黒鉛の混合粉でも良い。銅含有
量が７０％以上の場合には結合材を用いず黒鉛粉をその
まま使用することもできるが、銅含有量が少なく黒鉛粉
が多い場合、ブラシの焼結性が低いためフェノール樹脂
ワニス等の合成樹脂で黒鉛粉の表面を処理して用いるこ
とが好ましい。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Copper powder is mainly used as the metal powder, but silver powder or a mixed powder of copper powder and silver powder may be used. Since copper powder can reduce the resistance of the brush to a low level, electrolytic copper powder is often used, but other atomized copper powder, ground copper powder, etc. may be used. The graphite powder is preferably natural graphite powder in terms of lubricity and resistivity, but artificial graphite or a mixed powder of natural graphite and artificial graphite may be used. When the copper content is 70% or more, the graphite powder can be used as it is without using a binder, but when the copper content is low and the graphite powder is large, the sinterability of the brush is low, so that the phenol resin varnish, etc. It is preferable that the surface of the graphite powder is treated with the synthetic resin of 1.
【００１３】リン酸化合物には、リン酸銅、リン酸ニッ
ケル、リン酸マンガン、リン酸亜鉛などのリン酸の遷移
金属塩やリン酸錫、リン酸インジウムなどが好ましく、
これ以外にリン酸カルシウムやリン酸アルミニウム、リ
ン酸アンチモンなどでも良い。リン酸カルシウムやリン
酸アルミニウムを添加することは、被膜調整剤の酸化カ
ルシウムや酸化アルミニウムとリン酸とを併用添加する
ことと類似で、この場合もブラシや整流子の摩耗の防止
と出力低下の防止効果が得られる。またリン酸を五酸化
リンなどとして添加しても、ブラシや整流子の摩耗の防
止と出力低下の防止効果が得られ、これが五酸化リン自
体の効果か、ブラシ中の銅粉などと反応して生成したリ
ン酸銅などの効果によるものかは不明である。リン酸鉛
も効果があるが、環境上好ましくはない。The phosphoric acid compound is preferably a transition metal salt of phosphoric acid such as copper phosphate, nickel phosphate, manganese phosphate or zinc phosphate, tin phosphate or indium phosphate,
Other than this, calcium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, antimony phosphate or the like may be used. Adding calcium phosphate or aluminum phosphate is similar to adding calcium oxide or aluminum oxide as a film modifier together with phosphoric acid, and in this case also prevents the wear of the brush or commutator and prevents the output from decreasing. Is obtained. Even if phosphoric acid is added as phosphorus pentoxide, etc., the effect of preventing abrasion of the brush and commutator and preventing output reduction can be obtained.This may be the effect of phosphorus pentoxide itself, or it may react with copper powder etc. in the brush. It is unclear whether this is due to the effect of copper phosphate, etc. that was generated. Lead phosphate is also effective, but not environmentally preferable.
【００１４】リン酸やリン酸化合物がブラシや整流子の
耐久性を改善し、回転機器の出力低下を改善するメカニ
ズムは明確ではない。しかしこれは、リン酸やリン酸化
合物の添加によって、均一で最適な被膜が形成されるた
めと考えられる。リン酸やリン酸化合物は単独で添加し
ても良いが、二硫化モリブデンや二硫化タングステンな
どの金属硫化物固体潤滑剤と併用した場合に特に優れた
効果が得られる。例えば金属硫化物固体潤滑剤のみでは
被膜が厚く付きすぎ、出力低下が発生する場合でも、リ
ン酸やリン酸化合物を加えるとこれを防止できる。The mechanism by which phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound improves the durability of the brush or commutator and reduces the output reduction of rotating equipment is not clear. However, it is considered that this is because a uniform and optimum film is formed by adding phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound. The phosphoric acid and phosphoric acid compounds may be added alone, but particularly excellent effects are obtained when used in combination with a metal sulfide solid lubricant such as molybdenum disulfide or tungsten disulfide. For example, even when the metal sulfide solid lubricant alone causes the coating to be too thick and the output is reduced, this can be prevented by adding phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound.
【００１５】リン酸イオンは、摺動部側のブラシ本体材
料１gに対して、リン酸イオン換算で例えば１〜４０mg
／g添加し、好ましくは２〜３５mg／g添加する。リン酸
イオンの添加量が１.３mg／gでも小さな効果があり、２
mg／g程度から効果が著しくなり、４０mg／g超の添加で
はブラシ本体の抵抗率が上昇する。このため添加量は４
０mg／g以下が好ましく、より好ましくは３５mg／g以
下、最も好ましくは２５mg／g以下とする。The phosphate ion is, for example, 1 to 40 mg in terms of phosphate ion with respect to 1 g of the brush main body material on the sliding portion side.
/ G, preferably 2-35 mg / g. Even if the amount of phosphate ion added is 1.3 mg / g, it has a small effect.
The effect becomes remarkable from about mg / g, and the resistivity of the brush main body rises when added in excess of 40 mg / g. Therefore, the addition amount is 4
The amount is preferably 0 mg / g or less, more preferably 35 mg / g or less, and most preferably 25 mg / g or less.
【００１６】金属黒鉛質ブラシの形状を図１，図２に示
す。図１の金属黒鉛質ブラシ１では、２がブラシ本体
で、３が成形時に同時に埋め込んだ銅の撚り線のリード
線で、５が摺動面であり、回転機器の整流子と接触する
面である。そして図１の実施例では、リン酸塩をブラシ
本体２に均一に添加し、成形は、ブラシ本体２の成形と
リード線３の埋設とを同時に行うモールド成形で行っ
た。図２の金属黒鉛質ブラシ１１では、ブラシ本体１２
を摺動部側部材１３とリード側部材１４に分けて、摺動
部側部材１３にのみリン酸やリン酸化合物を添加した。
そして成形時に、図示しない可動型でリード側部材１４
の部分をブロックしておいて、摺動部側部材１３の材料
を投入し、次に可動型を後退させてリード側部材１４の
材料を投入し、加圧と同時にリード線３を埋設して、ブ
ラシ本体１２とリード線３とを成形した。いずれの場合
も、成形後に非酸化性雰囲気でたとえば３００℃〜９０
０℃で焼成して、金属黒鉛質ブラシ１，１１を完成す
る。なお以下では、金属黒鉛質ブラシを単にブラシと呼
ぶことがある。The shape of the metal graphite brush is shown in FIGS. In the metallic graphite brush 1 of FIG. 1, 2 is a brush body, 3 is a lead wire of a copper stranded wire embedded at the same time during molding, and 5 is a sliding surface, which is a surface that comes into contact with a commutator of a rotating device. is there. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, phosphate is uniformly added to the brush main body 2, and the molding is performed by molding in which the molding of the brush main body 2 and the embedding of the lead wire 3 are simultaneously performed. In the metallic graphite brush 11 of FIG.
Was divided into a sliding portion side member 13 and a lead side member 14, and phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound was added only to the sliding portion side member 13.
Then, at the time of molding, the lead-side member 14 is a movable die (not shown).
After blocking the portion of, the material of the sliding portion side member 13 is charged, then the movable die is retracted and the material of the lead side member 14 is charged, and the lead wire 3 is embedded simultaneously with the pressurization. The brush body 12 and the lead wire 3 were molded. In either case, the temperature is, for example, 300 ° C. to 90 ° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere after molding.
The metal graphite brushes 1 and 11 are completed by firing at 0 ° C. In the following, the metallic graphite brush may be simply referred to as a brush.
【００１７】[0017]
【試験例】以下に試験例を示す。ブラシはスタータモー
タ用のブラシとし、ブラシの形状は図１のもので、ブラ
シ本体の寸法は長さ１３.５mm，幅１３mm，厚さ６.５mm
である。リード線６はメッキ無しの銅素線の撚り線で、
直径が３.５mm、埋込部の深さは５.５mmとした。[Test Example] A test example is shown below. The brush is the brush for the starter motor, and the brush shape is as shown in Fig. 1. The dimensions of the brush body are length 13.5 mm, width 13 mm, and thickness 6.5 mm.
Is. The lead wire 6 is a stranded wire of unplated copper wire,
The diameter was 3.5 mm and the depth of the embedded portion was 5.5 mm.
【００１８】試験例１
天然の鱗状黒鉛１００重量部に対し、メタノール４０重
量部に溶解したノボラック型フェノール樹脂を２０重量
部混合し、ミキサーで均一に混練し、乾燥機でメタノー
ルを乾燥させた後、衝撃型粉砕器で粉砕し、８０メッシ
ュパスの篩(１９８μmパスの篩)で篩い分けて、樹脂処
理黒鉛粉体を得た。 Test Example 1 20 parts by weight of a novolac type phenolic resin dissolved in 40 parts by weight of methanol was mixed with 100 parts by weight of natural scaly graphite, and the mixture was uniformly kneaded with a mixer, and the methanol was dried with a drier. The resin-treated graphite powder was obtained by crushing with an impact crusher and sieving with a 80 mesh pass sieve (198 μm pass sieve).
【００１９】この樹脂処理黒鉛粉体３０重量部に、平均
粒径３０μmの電解銅粉６６.６重量部、二硫化モリブデ
ン粉３重量部、リン酸亜鉛粉(Ｚn3(ＰＯ4)2，式量３８
６.１)０.４重量部を加えて、Ｖ型混合機で均一になる
まで混合し、配合粉を得た。配合粉をホッパから型内に
投入し、リード線３の先端を埋め込むように、４×１０
8Pa(４×９８００Ｎ／cm2)の圧力でモールド成形し、還
元雰囲気の電気炉で７００℃で焼結し、試験例１のブラ
シを得た。An average of 30 parts by weight of this resin-treated graphite powder
66.6 parts by weight of electrolytic copper powder having a particle diameter of 30 μm, molybdenum disulfide
Powder 3 parts by weight, zinc phosphate powder (Zn3(POFour)2, Formula weight 38
6.1) Add 0.4 parts by weight and homogenize with a V-type mixer
And mixed to obtain a mixed powder. Mixed powder from hopper into mold
4 × 10 so that the tip of the lead wire 3 is embedded.
8Pa (4 x 9800 N / cm2) Pressure is molded and returned
Sintered at 700 ° C in an electric furnace in the original atmosphere and used the bra of Test Example 1
I got shi.
【００２０】試験例２
前記の樹脂処理黒鉛粉体３０重量部に、前記の電解銅粉
６３重量部、二硫化モリブデン粉３重量部、リン酸亜鉛
粉４重量部を加えて、他は試験例１と同様にして試験例
２のブラシを得た。 Test Example 2 To 30 parts by weight of the resin-treated graphite powder, 63 parts by weight of the electrolytic copper powder, 3 parts by weight of molybdenum disulfide powder, and 4 parts by weight of zinc phosphate powder were added, and the other test examples were made. A brush of Test Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in 1.
【００２１】試験例３
前記の樹脂処理黒鉛粉体３０重量部に、前記の電解銅粉
６４.５重量部、二硫化モリブデン粉３重量部、リン酸
亜鉛粉２.５重量部を加えて、他は試験例１と同様にし
て試験例３のブラシを得た。 Test Example 3 To 30 parts by weight of the resin-treated graphite powder, 64.5 parts by weight of the electrolytic copper powder, 3 parts by weight of molybdenum disulfide powder, and 2.5 parts by weight of zinc phosphate powder were added. A brush of Test Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except for the above.
【００２２】試験例４
配合粉の組成を、リン酸マンガン粉(Ｍn(ＰＯ4)，式量
１４９.９)を３重量部、電解銅粉を６４重量部、樹脂処
理黒鉛３０重量部、二硫化モリブデン３重量部に変更
し、他は試験例１と同様にして、試験例４のブラシを得
た。 Test Example 4 The composition of the compounded powder was 3 parts by weight of manganese phosphate powder (Mn (PO 4 ), formula weight 149.9), 64 parts by weight of electrolytic copper powder, 30 parts by weight of resin-treated graphite, 2 parts by weight. A brush of Test Example 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the amount of molybdenum sulfide was changed to 3 parts by weight.
【００２３】試験例５〜７
試験例１において、リン酸亜鉛を０.２５重量部、電解
銅粉を６６.７５重量部とし、他は試験例１と同様にし
て、試験例５のブラシを得た。また試験例１において、
リン酸亜鉛を６重量部、電解銅粉を６１重量部とし、他
は試験例１と同様にして、試験例６のブラシを得た。試
験例５，６はリン酸イオン量の両極端の例である。さら
に試験例４のリン酸マンガン粉をリン酸カルシウム粉
(Ｃａ3(ＰＯ4)2，式量３１０.１９)３重量部に変えた他
は、試験例４と同様にして試験例７のブラシを得た。こ
のブラシは、リン酸のアルカリ金属塩やアルカリ土類金
属塩の添加を代表するブラシである。 Test Examples 5 to 7 In Test Example 1, 0.25 parts by weight of zinc phosphate and 66.75 parts by weight of electrolytic copper powder were used, and the brush of Test Example 5 was replaced by the same procedure as in Test Example 1. Obtained. In Test Example 1,
A brush of Test Example 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that 6 parts by weight of zinc phosphate and 61 parts by weight of electrolytic copper powder were used. Test examples 5 and 6 are examples of both extremes of the amount of phosphate ion. Further, the manganese phosphate powder of Test Example 4 was replaced with calcium phosphate powder.
A brush of Test Example 7 was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 4 except that 3 parts by weight of (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and formula weight 310.19) were used. This brush is a brush that represents the addition of alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts of phosphoric acid.
【００２４】試験例８
試験例１で用いた樹脂処理黒鉛３０重量部に、前記の電
解銅粉６７重量部、二硫化モリブデン粉３重量部を加え
て、他は試験例１と同様にして試験例８のブラシを作成
した。このブラシは、リン酸やリン酸化合物を含まない
従来のブラシである。 Test Example 8 To 30 parts by weight of the resin-treated graphite used in Test Example 1, 67 parts by weight of the electrolytic copper powder and 3 parts by weight of molybdenum disulfide powder were added, and the same procedure as in Test Example 1 was repeated. The brush of Example 8 was made. This brush is a conventional brush containing no phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid compound.
【００２５】焼結後のブラシの組成は、焼結時にノボラ
ック型フェノール樹脂が一部分解して減量するため、配
合濃度から僅かに変化する。試験例１〜６のブラシで
の、リン酸イオンの含有量やブラシ本体の抵抗率を表１
に示す。なお抵抗率は、４端子法により、ブラシ本体の
成形時の加圧方向と直角な方向について測定した。リン
酸イオンの含有量を増すと２０mg／g程度からブラシ本
体抵抗が増加した。The composition of the brush after sintering slightly changes from the compounding concentration because the novolac type phenolic resin is partially decomposed during sintering and the amount is reduced. Table 1 shows the content of phosphate ions and the resistivity of the brush body in the brushes of Test Examples 1 to 6.
Shown in. The resistivity was measured by the four-terminal method in the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction during molding of the brush body. When the content of phosphate ions was increased, the brush body resistance increased from about 20 mg / g.
【００２６】[0026]
【表１】 試 料 リン酸イオン リン酸化合物 本体抵抗率 mgPO43-／g 濃度(ｗｔ％) (μΩ・ｃm) 試験例１ ２.０ ０.４ ２２.５ 試験例２ ２０.２ ４.１ ２６.８ 試験例３ １２.８ ２.６ ２３.４ 試験例４ １９.６ ３.１ ２３.８ 試験例５ １.３ ０.２６ ２２.３ 試験例６ ３０.５ ６.２ ３１.５ 試験例７ １９.０ ３.１ ２４.３ 試験例８ ０ ０ ２２.１ ＊ 試験例１〜３，５，６はリン酸亜鉛で添加、試験例４はリン酸マンガンで添 加，試験例７はリン酸カルシウムで添加，試験例８はリン酸イオン無添加.TABLE 1 specimen phosphate ion phosphoric acid compound body resistivity mgPO4 3- / g concentration (wt%) (μΩ · cm ) Test Example 1 2.0 0.4 22.5 Test Example 2 20.2 4. 1 26.8 Test example 3 12.8 2.6 23.4 Test example 4 19.6 3.1 23.8 Test example 5 1.3 0.26 22.3 Test example 6 30.5 6.2 31 .5 Test Example 7 19.0 3.1 24.3 Test Example 8 0 0 22.1 * Test Examples 1 to 3, 5 and 6 were added with zinc phosphate, Test Example 4 were added with manganese phosphate, and tested In Example 7, calcium phosphate was added, and in Test Example 8, phosphate ion was not added.
【００２７】試験例１〜８のブラシを、出力１.４ｋｗ
の４ブラシのスタータモータに組み付け、排気量２２０
０ｃｃ、直列４気筒のディーゼルエンジン試験ベンチに
取り付けた。クランキング負荷電流を１６０Ａ、バッテ
リー電圧を１３.５ｖとし、試験サイクルは１秒クラン
キング、１秒オーバーラン、２８秒停止の３０秒周期と
し、１００００回の耐久試験を行った。４つのブラシの
試験前後のブラシ全長をマイクロメータで測定し、最も
摩耗の多いものを摩耗量とした。整流子の摩耗は試験前
後の外径をマイクロメータで測定して摩耗量を求めた。
表２にブラシと整流子の摩耗に関する試験結果を示す。
また試験前、試験後のモータ出力を出力試験機で測定
し、表３に結果を示す。Output of the brushes of Test Examples 1 to 1.4 kw
Assembled with a 4-brush starter motor, the displacement is 220
It was mounted on a 0 cc, in-line 4-cylinder diesel engine test bench. The cranking load current was 160 A, the battery voltage was 13.5 v, and the test cycle was 1 second cranking, 1 second overrun, 28 second stop, 30 second cycle, and 10,000 durability tests were conducted. The total length of the four brushes before and after the test was measured with a micrometer, and the most worn one was taken as the wear amount. The wear of the commutator was obtained by measuring the outer diameter before and after the test with a micrometer to obtain the wear amount.
Table 2 shows the test results regarding the wear of the brush and the commutator.
The motor output before and after the test was measured by an output tester, and the results are shown in Table 3.
【００２８】[0028]
【表２】 耐久試験によるブラシ、整流子摩耗量 摩耗量(mm) 試料 ブラシ 整流子 試験例１ １.２６ ０.０６ 試験例２ １.０４ ０.０４ 試験例３ １.１８ ０.０５ 試験例４ １.１５ ０.０４ 試験例５ ２.１６ ０.０８ 試験例６ １.０４ ０.０４ 試験例７ １.２２ ０.０６ 試験例８ ２.９６ ０.１４[Table 2] Abrasion amount of brush and commutator by endurance test Abrasion amount (mm) Sample Brush commutator test example 1 1.26 0.06 test example 2 1.04 0.04 test example 3 1.18 0.05 test Example 4 1.15 0.04 Test Example 5 2.16 0.08 Test Example 6 1.04 0.04 Test Example 7 1.22 0.06 Test Example 8 2.96 0.14
【００２９】[0029]
【表３】 耐久試験による出力低下 出力(ｋｗ) 試料 試験前出力 試験後出力 出力低下 試験例１ １.６２ １.６１ ０.０１ 試験例２ １.６１ １.６０ ０.０１ 試験例３ １.６２ １.６１ ０.０１ 試験例４ １.６２ １.６１ ０.０１ 試験例５ １.６２ １.５６ ０.０６ 試験例６ １.５９ １.５８ ０.０１ 試験例７ １.６２ １.６０ ０.０２ 試験例８ １.６３ １.５２ ０.１１[Table 3] Output drop output by endurance test (kw) sample Output before test Output after test Output drop test Example 1 1.62 1.61 0.01 Test Example 2 1.61 1.60 0.01 Test Example 3 1 .62 1.61 0.01 Test Example 4 1.62 1.61 0.01 Test Example 5 1.62 1.56 0.06 Test Example 6 1.59 1.58 0.01 Test Example 7 1.62 1.60 0.02 Test Example 8 1.63 1.52 0.11
【００３０】試験例１〜７ではブラシ、整流子の摩耗が
ともに少なく、試験の前後での出力の低下も小さかっ
た。これに対して、リン酸やリン酸化合物を添加しない
試験例８では、ブラシや整流子の摩耗が深刻で、かつ試
験の前後での出力の低下も著しかった。またリン酸亜鉛
をリン酸マンガンに変えても(試験例４)、あるいはリン
酸亜鉛をリン酸カルシウムに変えても(試験例７)同様の
効果が得られた。このことは、金属塩の種類よりもリン
酸根(リン酸イオン)を含有させることの方が重要である
ことを示している。しかしリン酸カルシウムの場合、リ
ン酸亜鉛やリン酸マンガンの場合と同程度のリン酸イオ
ン濃度で、ブラシや整流子の摩耗量がやや大きくなっ
た。このためリン酸イオンの添加形態は、遷移金属塩や
インジウム塩、錫塩が好ましい。次に、リン酸イオン添
加量が少ない試験例５では、摩耗の程度や出力低下の程
度は、試験例１〜４とリン酸イオン無添加の試験例８と
の中間で、１mg／g程度のリン酸イオンの添加から効果
が得られることが判る。またリン酸イオン添加量の多い
試験例６では、本体抵抗率が増加している。In Test Examples 1 to 7, the abrasion of the brush and the commutator was small, and the decrease in the output before and after the test was small. On the other hand, in Test Example 8 in which phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound was not added, the abrasion of the brush and the commutator was serious, and the decrease in the output before and after the test was remarkable. Even if zinc phosphate was changed to manganese phosphate (Test Example 4) or zinc phosphate was changed to calcium phosphate (Test Example 7), the same effect was obtained. This indicates that it is more important to include the phosphate radical (phosphate ion) than the type of metal salt. However, in the case of calcium phosphate, the amount of wear of the brush and the commutator increased a little at the same concentration of phosphate ion as in the case of zinc phosphate and manganese phosphate. Therefore, the addition form of the phosphate ion is preferably a transition metal salt, an indium salt, or a tin salt. Next, in Test Example 5 in which the amount of phosphate ion added was small, the degree of wear and the degree of output reduction were about 1 mg / g between Test Examples 1 to 4 and Test Example 8 in which phosphate ion was not added. It can be seen that the effect is obtained from the addition of phosphate ions. Further, in Test Example 6 in which the amount of phosphate ion added was large, the body resistivity increased.
【００３１】[0031]
【リン酸イオンと金属硫化物固体潤滑剤の複合作用】リ
ン酸イオンの効果が、金属硫化物固体潤滑剤の有無によ
りどのように変化するかを確認するため、以下の試験を
行った。試験例１で用いた樹脂処理黒鉛粉体３３重量部
に、平均粒径３０μmの電解銅粉６４.５重量部、リン酸
亜鉛粉２.５重量部を加えて、Ｖ型混合機で均一になる
まで混合し、得られた配合粉をホッパから型内に投入
し、４×１０8Pa(４×９８００Ｎ／cm2)の圧力で、リー
ド線３の先端を埋め込むようにブラシ本体をモールド成
形し、還元雰囲気の電気炉で７００℃で焼結してブラシ
とした(試験例９)。試験例３のブラシとの差異は金属硫
化物固体潤滑剤を含まない点である。また電解銅粉６
６.５重量部と樹脂処理黒鉛粉体３３重量部、リン酸亜
鉛０.５重量部を、試験例９と同様に処理して、試験例
１０のブラシとした。試験例９でのリン酸イオン濃度は
１２.８mgPO43-／g、試験例１０では２.５mgPO43-／gで
ある。試験例９，１０の参照用のブラシとして、前記の
樹脂処理黒鉛粉体３３重量部と前記の電解銅粉６７重量
部とを配合し、他の条件を同一にして、試験例１１のブ
ラシを調製した。[Composite Action of Phosphate Ion and Metal Sulfide Solid Lubricant] The following test was conducted to confirm how the effect of phosphate ion changes depending on the presence or absence of the metal sulfide solid lubricant. To 33 parts by weight of the resin-treated graphite powder used in Test Example 1, 64.5 parts by weight of electrolytic copper powder having an average particle size of 30 μm and 2.5 parts by weight of zinc phosphate powder were added, and uniformly mixed with a V-type mixer. Mix until the mixture is mixed into the mold from a hopper, and mold the brush body with a pressure of 4 × 10 8 Pa (4 × 9800 N / cm 2 ) so that the tip of the lead wire 3 is embedded. Then, it was sintered at 700 ° C. in an electric furnace in a reducing atmosphere to obtain a brush (Test Example 9). The difference from the brush of Test Example 3 is that the metal sulfide solid lubricant is not included. Also electrolytic copper powder 6
6.5 parts by weight, 33 parts by weight of resin-treated graphite powder, and 0.5 parts by weight of zinc phosphate were treated in the same manner as in Test Example 9 to obtain a brush of Test Example 10. The phosphate ion concentration in Test Example 9 was 12.8 mg PO4 3- / g, and in Test Example 10 it was 2.5 mg PO4 3- / g. As a reference brush of Test Examples 9 and 10, 33 parts by weight of the resin-treated graphite powder and 67 parts by weight of the electrolytic copper powder were mixed, and the other conditions were the same, and the brush of Test Example 11 was used. Prepared.
【００３２】二硫化モリブデンの配合量を１重量部と
し、リン酸亜鉛の配合量を２.５重量部(試験例１２)と
０(試験例１３)とに変えて、試験例９と同様に、ブラシ
を調製した。樹脂処理黒鉛の配合量は何れも３０重量
部、電解銅粉の配合量は試験例１２で６６.５重量部、
試験例１３で６９重量部である。The amount of molybdenum disulfide was changed to 1 part by weight, and the amount of zinc phosphate was changed to 2.5 parts by weight (Test Example 12) and 0 (Test Example 13). , Prepared a brush. The resin-treated graphite content was 30 parts by weight, and the electrolytic copper powder content was 66.5 parts by weight in Test Example 12,
It is 69 parts by weight in Test Example 13.
【００３３】[0033]
【表４】 試 料 リン酸亜鉛 二硫化モリブデン 本体抵抗率 配合量(重量部) 配合量(重量部) (μΩ・ｃm) 試験例９ ２.５ ０ ２２.６ 試験例１０ ０.５ ０ ２２.０ 試験例１１ ０ ０ ２１.８ 試験例１２ ２.５ １ ２２.０ 試験例１３ ０ １ ２１.０[Table 4] Samples Zinc molybdenum diphosphate Molybdenum disulfide Main body resistivity blending amount (parts by weight) Blending amount (parts by weight) (μΩ · cm) Test Example 9 2.5 0 22.6 Test Example 10 0.5 0 22 .0 Test Example 1 1 0 0 21.8 Test Example 12 2.5 1 22.0 Test Example 13 0 1 21.0
【００３４】試験例３(リン酸亜鉛２.５重量部と二硫化
モリブデン３重量部含有)，及び試験例９〜１３のブラ
シに対し、表２の場合と同様にして耐久試験を行った。
２２００cc直列４気筒ディーゼルエンジン試験ベンチで
の、１０，０００回の耐久サイクルの結果を表５に示
す。表５から、リン酸亜鉛は、金属硫化物固体潤滑剤と
併用した際に特に効果が著しいことが明らかである。な
お金属硫化物固体潤滑剤とリン酸やリン酸化合物とを併
用した際に特に著しい効果が得られることは、金属硫化
物固体潤滑剤を二硫化タングステンに変えても同様で、
またリン酸亜鉛を、リン酸マンガンやリン酸カルシウ
ム、あるいは五二酸化リンに変えても同様であった。Durability tests were conducted on the brushes of Test Example 3 (containing 2.5 parts by weight of zinc phosphate and 3 parts by weight of molybdenum disulfide) and Test Examples 9 to 13 in the same manner as in Table 2.
Table 5 shows the results of 10,000 endurance cycles on a 2200cc inline 4-cylinder diesel engine test bench. From Table 5, it is clear that zinc phosphate is particularly effective when used in combination with a metal sulfide solid lubricant. Note that when a metal sulfide solid lubricant is used in combination with phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, a particularly remarkable effect is obtained even if the metal sulfide solid lubricant is changed to tungsten disulfide,
The same was true when zinc phosphate was replaced with manganese phosphate, calcium phosphate, or phosphorus pentoxide.
【００３５】[0035]
【表５】 金属硫化物固体潤滑剤との併用効果 ブラシ 整流子 試験前 試験後 摩耗量(mm) 摩耗量(mm) 出力(ＫＷ) 出力(ＫＷ) 試験例３ １.１８ ０.０５ １.６２ １.６１ 試験例９ ３.５６ ０.１６ １.６３ １.５１ 試験例１０ ４.６４ ０.１６ １.６３ １.５１ 試験例１１ ６.４３ ０.１８ １.６２ １.５０ 試験例１２ １.２２ ０.０６ １.６３ １.５９ 試験例１３ ３.７８ ０.１６ １.６４ １.５３ ＊ 試験例３，１２はリン酸亜鉛と二硫化モリブデンを併用、 ＊ 試験例９，１０はリン酸亜鉛のみ添加、 ＊ 試験例１１，１３はリン酸亜鉛無添加.[Table 5] Effect of combined use with metal sulfide solid lubricant Brush commutator Before test After test Wear amount (mm) Wear amount (mm) Output (KW) Output (KW) Test example 3 1.18 0.05 1. 62 1.61 Test Example 9 3.56 0.16 1.63 1.51 Test Example 10 4.64 0.16 1.63 1.51 Test Example 11 6.43 0.18 1.62 1.50 Test Example 12 1.22 0.06 1.63 1.59 Test Example 13 3.78 0.16 1.64 1.53 * Test Examples 3 and 12 use zinc phosphate and molybdenum disulfide in combination, * Test Example 9 , 10 added zinc phosphate only, * Test examples 11 and 13 did not add zinc phosphate.
【００３６】以上のように実施例では、金属黒鉛質ブラ
シにリン酸やリン酸化合物を添加することによって、ブ
ラシや整流子の摩耗を抑制すると共に、回転機器の出力
低下を防止できる。実施例は鉛を添加しない鉛レスブラ
シについて示したが、鉛含有のブラシでも良い。また二
硫化モリブデンに変えて二硫化タングステンを用いて
も、全く同様である。As described above, in the embodiment, by adding phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound to the metallic graphite brush, it is possible to suppress the abrasion of the brush and the commutator and prevent the output of the rotating equipment from being lowered. Although the example shows a leadless brush to which lead is not added, a lead-containing brush may be used. Even if molybdenum disulfide is replaced by tungsten disulfide, the same result is obtained.
【００３７】補足
リン酸化合物に代えてリン化合物を添加したブラシを調
製した。リン化合物としてリン化銅（Ｃu３Ｐ）を用
い、他の材料やブラシの調製条件は試験例1と同様にし
た。樹脂処理黒鉛３０重量部、電解銅粉６４.５重量
部、二硫化モリブデン３重量部、リン化銅２.５重量部
をＶ型混合機で良く混合し、リード線の先端を埋め込む
ように成形して、７００℃で還元雰囲気下で焼成して、
試験例１４とした。なお７００℃で焼成すると、樹脂処
理黒鉛中の樹脂バインダーは熱分解して黒鉛や炭素に変
化する。このブラシに対し、表１〜表３の各項目に対す
るデータを測定した。 Supplement A brush was prepared in which a phosphorus compound was added instead of the phosphate compound. Copper phosphide (Cu 3 P) was used as the phosphorus compound, and the other materials and the brush preparation conditions were the same as in Test Example 1. 30 parts by weight of resin-treated graphite, 64.5 parts by weight of electrolytic copper powder, 3 parts by weight of molybdenum disulfide, and 2.5 parts by weight of copper phosphide are mixed well with a V-type mixer and molded so that the tip of the lead wire is embedded. Then, fire at 700 ° C in a reducing atmosphere,
It was set as Test Example 14. When fired at 700 ° C., the resin binder in the resin-treated graphite is thermally decomposed into graphite or carbon. For this brush, data for each item in Tables 1 to 3 was measured.
【００３８】本体抵抗率は２６.３Ωcmでリン酸亜鉛を
４.１ｗｔ％添加した試験例２（２６.８Ω・cm）と同等
であった。出力１.4KＷのスタータモータを用いた耐久
試験では、１００００回作動後の摩耗量が、ブラシ側で
２.５５mm、整流子側で０.１６mmで、リン酸化合物無添
加の試験例８とほぼ同等であった。この耐久試験でのモ
ータ出力は、試験前が１.６０ＫＷ、試験後が１.５５Ｋ
Ｗで、リン酸亜鉛を０.２６ｗｔ％添加した試験例５と
同等であった。これらのことから、リン酸化合物に代え
て、リン化合物を添加しても、ブラシや整流子の摩耗の
防止や、回転機器の出力低下の防止は期待できないもの
と考えられる。これ以外に、ブラシの３点曲げ強度を測
定した。２.６ｗｔ％のリン酸亜鉛を添加した試験例３
に対して、２.６ｗｔ%のリン酸亜鉛の代わりに２.５ｗ
ｔ％のリン化銅を加えた試験例１４では、３点曲げ強度
は約５％増加した。このことは、リン化合物は銅の強度
や硬度を向上するとした、特開昭６３−１４３７７０と
定性的に一致する。The body resistivity was 26.3 Ωcm, which was equivalent to that of Test Example 2 (26.8 Ωcm) in which 4.1 wt% of zinc phosphate was added. In a durability test using a starter motor with an output of 1.4 KW, the wear amount after operating 10,000 times was 2.55 mm on the brush side and 0.16 mm on the commutator side, and was almost the same as Test Example 8 with no phosphate compound added. It was equivalent. The motor output in this durability test is 1.60KW before the test and 1.55K after the test.
It was the same as that of Test Example 5 in which W was added with 0.26 wt% of zinc phosphate. From these facts, it is considered that the addition of a phosphorus compound instead of the phosphate compound cannot be expected to prevent the abrasion of the brush and the commutator and the output reduction of the rotating device. In addition to this, the three-point bending strength of the brush was measured. Test Example 3 with 2.6 wt% zinc phosphate added
For 2.5w instead of 2.6wt% zinc phosphate
In Test Example 14 in which t% copper phosphide was added, the three-point bending strength increased by about 5%. This is qualitatively consistent with JP-A-63-143770, which states that phosphorus compounds improve the strength and hardness of copper.
【００３９】金属粉、黒鉛粉、リン酸またはリン酸化合
物、及び二硫化モリブデンや二硫化タングステン等の金
属硫化物固体潤滑剤、以外の成分をブラシが含むかどう
かは、任意である。しかし被膜調整剤のシリカは含まな
いことが好ましく、金属錫粉も含まないことが好まし
い。It is optional whether the brush contains components other than metal powder, graphite powder, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and a metal sulfide solid lubricant such as molybdenum disulfide or tungsten disulfide. However, it is preferable not to include silica as a film modifier, and it is preferable not to include metal tin powder.
【図１】 実施例のブラシの側面図FIG. 1 is a side view of a brush according to an embodiment.
【図２】 変形例のブラシの側面図FIG. 2 is a side view of a modified brush.
１，１１ 金属黒鉛質ブラシ ２，１２ ブラシ本体 ３ リード線 ５，１５ 摺動面 １３ 摺動部側部材 １４ リード側部材 1,11 Metallic graphite brush 2,12 Brush body 3 lead wire 5,15 sliding surface 13 Sliding part side member 14 Lead side member
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 ▲高▼田 修 三重県松阪市櫛田町1105の２ トライス株 式会社内 (72)発明者 石川 祀男 三重県松阪市櫛田町1105の２ トライス株 式会社内 (72)発明者 池田 光男 三重県松阪市櫛田町1105の２ トライス株 式会社内 (72)発明者 坂浦 洋一 三重県松阪市櫛田町1105の２ トライス株 式会社内 (72)発明者 森田 直樹 三重県松阪市櫛田町1105の２ トライス株 式会社内 (72)発明者 犬飼 恭司 愛知県刈谷市昭和町１丁目１番地 株式会 社デンソー内 (72)発明者 村上 洋一 愛知県刈谷市昭和町１丁目１番地 株式会 社デンソー内 (72)発明者 若原 康行 愛知県刈谷市昭和町１丁目１番地 株式会 社デンソー内 (72)発明者 新美 正巳 愛知県刈谷市昭和町１丁目１番地 株式会 社デンソー内 Ｆターム(参考） 5H613 AA01 AA03 BB14 GA09 GB08 GB12 GB13 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor ▲ Taka ▼ Osamu Tadashi 2 105 strains of Kushidacho, Matsusaka City, Mie Prefecture Inside the company (72) Inventor Yoshio Ishikawa 2 105 strains of Kushidacho, Matsusaka City, Mie Prefecture Inside the company (72) Inventor Mitsuo Ikeda 2 105 strains of Kushidacho, Matsusaka City, Mie Prefecture Inside the company (72) Inventor Yoichi Sakaura 2 105 strains of Kushidacho, Matsusaka City, Mie Prefecture Inside the company (72) Inventor Naoki Morita 2 105 strains of Kushidacho, Matsusaka City, Mie Prefecture Inside the company (72) Inventor Kyoji Inukai 1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya city, Aichi stock market Inside the company DENSO (72) Inventor Yoichi Murakami 1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya city, Aichi stock market Inside the company DENSO (72) Inventor Yasuyuki Wakahara 1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya city, Aichi stock market Inside the company DENSO (72) Inventor Masami Niimi 1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya city, Aichi stock market Inside the company DENSO F-term (reference) 5H613 AA01 AA03 BB14 GA09 GB08 GB12 GB13
Claims (4)
本体を備えた金属黒鉛質ブラシにおいて、 前記ブラシ本体に、リン酸またはリン酸化合物を添加し
たことを特徴とする金属黒鉛質ブラシ。1. A metal graphite brush having a brush body formed by mixing and molding metal powder and graphite powder, wherein phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound is added to the brush body.
潤滑剤を含有することを特徴とする、請求項１の金属黒
鉛質ブラシ。2. The metal-graphite brush according to claim 1, wherein the brush body further contains a metal sulfide solid lubricant.
シ本体の少なくとも整流子との摺動部側に添加し、かつ
前記リン酸またはリン酸化合物の合計添加量を、リン酸
イオン(ＰＯ4 3-)換算で、整流子との摺動部側のブラシ
本体材料１g当たり１〜４０mgとしたことを特徴とす
る、請求項１または２の金属黒鉛質ブラシ。3. The phosphoric acid or the phosphoric acid compound is added to at least the sliding portion side of the brush main body with the commutator, and the total amount of the phosphoric acid or the phosphoric acid compound added is a phosphate ion (PO 4 The metallic graphite brush according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount is 1 to 40 mg per 1 g of the brush body material on the sliding portion side with the commutator, calculated as 3- ).
金属，インジウム、及び錫からなる群の少なくとも一員
の金属の塩としたことを特徴とする、請求項１〜３のい
ずれかの金属黒鉛質ブラシ。4. The metal graphite according to claim 1, wherein the phosphoric acid or the phosphoric acid compound is a salt of a metal having at least one member selected from the group consisting of transition metals, indium and tin. Quality brush.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002356116A JP2003259606A (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2002-12-09 | Metallic graphite brush |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001-393517 | 2001-12-26 | ||
| JP2001393517 | 2001-12-26 | ||
| JP2002356116A JP2003259606A (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2002-12-09 | Metallic graphite brush |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003259606A true JP2003259606A (en) | 2003-09-12 |
Family
ID=28677135
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002356116A Pending JP2003259606A (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2002-12-09 | Metallic graphite brush |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2003259606A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010193573A (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2010-09-02 | Kayaba Ind Co Ltd | Brush for motor |
| WO2021106700A1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | トライス株式会社 | Metal graphite grounding brush mainly composed of silver and method for producing same |
-
2002
- 2002-12-09 JP JP2002356116A patent/JP2003259606A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010193573A (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2010-09-02 | Kayaba Ind Co Ltd | Brush for motor |
| WO2021106700A1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | トライス株式会社 | Metal graphite grounding brush mainly composed of silver and method for producing same |
| JP2021086668A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | トライス株式会社 | Metallic graphite earth brush with silver as main component |
| JP7250337B2 (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2023-04-03 | トライス株式会社 | METAL-GRAPHITIC EARTH BRUSH MAINLY COMPOUNDED BY SILVER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
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