JP2003170195A - Method for anaerobic digestive treatment of organic sludge - Google Patents
Method for anaerobic digestive treatment of organic sludgeInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003170195A JP2003170195A JP2001377099A JP2001377099A JP2003170195A JP 2003170195 A JP2003170195 A JP 2003170195A JP 2001377099 A JP2001377099 A JP 2001377099A JP 2001377099 A JP2001377099 A JP 2001377099A JP 2003170195 A JP2003170195 A JP 2003170195A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sludge
- anaerobic digestion
- organic
- aerobic
- organic sludge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
Landscapes
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、家庭の浄化槽・工
場等の廃水処理設備・下水処理場等から排出される有機
性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法及び該方法を実施するため
の装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge discharged from a domestic septic tank, a wastewater treatment facility such as a factory, a sewage treatment plant, and an apparatus for carrying out the method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法
としては、下水処理場における１段又は２段式嫌気性消
化法が知られている。この直接嫌気性消化処理方法は、
汚泥を半分程度に減量化できる、燃料ガスであるメ
タンが得られる、などといった利点を有するものであ
る。しかし、この直接嫌気性消化方法は、消化速度が
遅い、有機物分解率が悪い、大量の汚泥が発生する
などといった問題点があった。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge, a one-stage or two-stage anaerobic digestion method in a sewage treatment plant has been known. This direct anaerobic digestion treatment method,
It has the advantages of reducing the amount of sludge to about half and obtaining methane as a fuel gas. However, this direct anaerobic digestion method has problems such as a slow digestion rate, a low organic matter decomposition rate, and a large amount of sludge being generated.
【０００３】これらの問題点を解消するために、「消化
汚泥を主体とする混合液を嫌気性消化リアクターから引
き抜き循環・返送する過程で熱処理し、該混合液の一部
をリアクターから引き抜き循環・返送する系統に汚泥を
濃縮及び／あるいは固液分離する手段を設け、該 混合
液を引き抜き循環・返送する系統からさらにその一部の
混合液を分岐し、１２０℃程度の高温に加熱して混合液
を殺菌し、不活性化して嫌気性消化リアクターに再投入
するという方法」が提案されている（特公平１０−０８
５７８４号公報）。しかし、この方法では、大量の汚泥
を１２０℃程度にまで加温しなければならず、圧力容器
も必要でコストもかかり、エネルギーのロスが大きい等
といった問題があった。In order to solve these problems, "heat treatment is performed in the process of extracting and circulating / returning a mixed solution mainly composed of digested sludge from an anaerobic digestion reactor, and a part of the mixed solution is withdrawn and circulated from the reactor. A means for concentrating and / or solid-liquid separation of sludge is provided in the system for returning, and a part of the mixed solution is further branched from the system for extracting and circulating / returning the mixed solution, and heating it to a high temperature of about 120 ° C for mixing. The method of sterilizing the liquid, inactivating it and re-injecting it into the anaerobic digestion reactor "has been proposed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 08-08 / 08).
5784). However, this method has a problem in that a large amount of sludge must be heated up to about 120 ° C., a pressure vessel is also required, cost is increased, and energy loss is large.
【０００４】一方、「有機性廃液を、好気性微生物を含
む活性汚泥の存在下に好気性処理する方法において、被
処理液中のＢＯＤの同化により増殖する汚泥量よりも多
い量の活性汚泥を好気性処理系から引抜き、引抜汚泥を
オゾン処理したのち前記好気性処理系に導入することを
特徴とする有機性廃液の好気性処理方法」が提案されて
いる（特許第2973761号）が、オゾン発生のためのエネ
ルギーが大量に必要で、温室効果ガス発生やコスト増と
なる等の問題点がある上、オゾン処理した活性汚泥を好
気性処理するため、エネルギー回収の困難性があった。On the other hand, in the method of aerobically treating organic waste liquid in the presence of activated sludge containing aerobic microorganisms, an amount of activated sludge larger than the amount of sludge grown by assimilation of BOD in the treated liquid is used. A method for aerobic treatment of an organic waste liquid, which is characterized in that it is extracted from an aerobic treatment system, and then the extracted sludge is subjected to ozone treatment and then introduced into the aerobic treatment system (Patent No. 2973761) is proposed. There is a problem that a large amount of energy is required for the generation, the greenhouse gas is generated, and the cost is increased. Moreover, since the ozone-treated activated sludge is aerobically treated, it is difficult to recover the energy.
【０００５】また、「有機性廃水を好気性条件下で処理
するための活性汚泥処理装置において、余剰汚泥を５５
℃より高い温度で好熱菌による微生物処理で可溶化し、
前記可溶化処理装置で可溶化された処理液を曝気処理装
置に返送する返送経路とを設けた活性汚泥処理装置」が
提案されているが（特許第3048889号）、この方法では
可溶化された処理液を好気条件の曝気処理装置でさらに
無機化するため、二酸化炭素と水が得られるだけであ
り、また後段の曝気処理がエネルギー消費型処理でコス
ト増となり、エネルギー回収も難しい等の問題点があっ
た。In addition, "In an activated sludge treatment apparatus for treating organic wastewater under aerobic conditions, excess sludge is removed by 55%.
Solubilized by microbial treatment with thermophile at a temperature higher than ℃,
An activated sludge treatment device provided with a return path for returning the treatment liquid solubilized by the solubilization treatment device to the aeration treatment device has been proposed (Patent No. 3048889), but solubilized by this method. Since the treatment liquid is further mineralized by the aeration treatment device under aerobic conditions, only carbon dioxide and water can be obtained, and the subsequent aeration treatment increases the cost due to energy-consuming treatment, and energy recovery is difficult. There was a point.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記従来技
術の実情に鑑みなされたものであって、有機性汚泥の嫌
気性消化処理方法において、有機性汚泥中の有機物を迅
速に高い分解率で分解・消化処理することができると共
にメタンや肥料を効率的に製造することができる、工業
的に有利な有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法および装置
を提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, and in an anaerobic digestion treatment method for organic sludge, the organic matter in the organic sludge can be rapidly decomposed at a high rate. It is an object of the present invention to provide an industrially advantageous anaerobic digestion treatment method and apparatus for organic sludge, which can be decomposed and digested with methane and can efficiently produce methane and fertilizers.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明を解決するための手段】本発明者は、前記課題を
解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに
至った。即ち、本発明によれば、以下の発明が提供され
る。
（１）有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法において、嫌気
性消化処理の前に該有機性汚泥を予め好気性微生物を含
む媒体により前分解処理することを特徴とする有機性汚
泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。
（２）好気性微生物を含む媒体が、好気性分解汚泥であ
ることを特徴とする（１）に記載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性
消化処理方法。
（３）前分解処理を酸素含有ガスを供給しながら行うこ
とを特徴とする（１）又は（２）に記載の有機性汚泥の
嫌気性消化処理方法。
（４）前分解処理を好気性微生物が付着・増殖できるよ
うな担体の存在下で行うことを特徴とする（１）乃至
（３）何れかに記載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方
法。
（５）有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法において、
（Ｉ）好気性分解微生物を含有する好気性分解汚泥の存
在下、好気的に前分解する工程、（II）該前分解工程で
得られた分解物を、酸発酵性微生物及び／又はメタン発
酵性微生物を含む嫌気性消化汚泥を用いて消化処理する
ことを特徴とする有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。
（６）（II）の工程で得られるメタンを含有する気相部
を燃料とすることを特徴とする（５）に記載の有機性汚
泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。
（７）（II）の工程で得られる処理汚泥を（Ｉ）の工程
に循環し再処理することを特徴とする請求項５又は６に
記載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。
（８）（II）の工程で得られる処理汚泥を直接又は固液
分離して、肥料及び／又は肥料の原料として利用するこ
とを特徴とする（５）乃至（７）何れかに記載の有機性
汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。
（９）有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理装置であって、該有
機性汚泥を予め好気性微生物を含む媒体により前分解処
理する装置を備えたことを特徴とする有機性汚泥の嫌気
性消化処理装置。
（１０）前分解処理する装置に酸素含有ガス供給装置を
付設したことを特徴とする（９）に記載の有機性汚泥の
嫌気性消化処理装置。
（１１）有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理装置であって、
（Ｉ）好気性分解微生物を含有する好気性分解汚泥の存
在下、好気的に前分解する装置と（II）該前分解工程で
得られた分解物を、酸発酵性微生物及び／又はメタン発
酵性微生物を含む嫌気性消化汚泥を用いて消化処理する
装置とを備えたことを特徴とする有機性汚泥の嫌気性消
化処理装置。The inventor of the present invention has completed the present invention as a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems. That is, according to the present invention, the following inventions are provided. (1) In the method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge, the anaerobic digestion of organic sludge is characterized by pre-decomposing the organic sludge with a medium containing aerobic microorganisms before the anaerobic digestion treatment. Processing method. (2) The method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge according to (1), wherein the medium containing aerobic microorganisms is aerobic digestion sludge. (3) The method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge according to (1) or (2), wherein the pre-decomposition treatment is performed while supplying an oxygen-containing gas. (4) The method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the pre-decomposition treatment is performed in the presence of a carrier to which aerobic microorganisms can adhere and grow. (5) In the anaerobic digestion treatment method of organic sludge,
(I) a step of aerobically predecomposing in the presence of an aerobic decomposing sludge containing an aerobic degrading microorganism, (II) a decomposed product obtained in the predecomposing step, an acid-fermenting microorganism and / or methane A method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge, which comprises digesting with an anaerobic digestion sludge containing fermentative microorganisms. (6) The method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge according to (5), characterized in that the gas phase portion containing methane obtained in the step (II) is used as a fuel. (7) The method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the treated sludge obtained in the step (II) is circulated to the step (I) and retreated. (8) The organic matter according to any one of (5) to (7), characterized in that the treated sludge obtained in the step (II) is directly or solid-liquid separated and used as a fertilizer and / or a raw material of a fertilizer. Method for anaerobic digestion of activated sludge. (9) An anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus for organic sludge, comprising an apparatus for pre-decomposing the organic sludge with a medium containing aerobic microorganisms in advance. apparatus. (10) The anaerobic digestion treatment device for organic sludge according to (9), wherein an oxygen-containing gas supply device is attached to the device for pre-decomposition treatment. (11) An anaerobic digester for organic sludge,
(I) An apparatus for aerobically predecomposing in the presence of aerobic decomposing sludge containing aerobic decomposing microorganisms, and (II) a decomposition product obtained in the predecomposing step, which is acid fermentable microorganisms and / or methane. An anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus for organic sludge, comprising: an apparatus for digesting treatment using anaerobic digestion sludge containing fermentative microorganisms.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の最大の特徴は、従来の有
機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法の有する、消化速度が
遅い、有機物分解率が悪い、大量の汚泥が発生する
などといった問題点を克服するために、嫌気性消化処理
の前に該有機性汚泥を予め好気性微生物を含む媒体によ
り前分解処理する点にある。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The most important feature of the present invention is that the conventional methods for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge have such problems that the digestion rate is slow, the decomposition rate of organic matter is poor, and a large amount of sludge is generated. In order to overcome this, the organic sludge is pre-decomposed by a medium containing aerobic microorganisms before the anaerobic digestion treatment.
【０００９】このように有機性汚泥を予め、好気性条件
下で好気的に前分解処理すると、好気性分解微生物の分
泌するプロテアーゼやアミラーゼなどの酵素により、有
機性汚泥中の微生物の細胞壁、細胞膜やタンパク質など
の高分子有機物の死滅や分解が促進され、後段の嫌気性
消化工程での有機物からのメタン及び二酸化炭素への変
換反応が効率よく進む。When the organic sludge is preliminarily aerobically pre-decomposed under aerobic conditions in this manner, enzymes such as protease and amylase secreted by the aerobic-degrading microorganisms cause cell walls of the microorganisms in the organic sludge to Death and decomposition of high molecular weight organic substances such as cell membranes and proteins are promoted, and the conversion reaction from organic substances to methane and carbon dioxide in the subsequent anaerobic digestion step proceeds efficiently.
【００１０】すなわち、従来の直接的嫌気性消化処理法
で、微生物の塊である廃水処理場の余剰汚泥などの有機
性汚泥中の微生物が死滅しにくいことや分解されにくい
ことが有機物分解率の低い主な原因であったが、本発明
方法では予め有機性汚泥を好気的な条件で前処理するの
で、微生物の死滅や分解が進んでおり、嫌気性消化処理
工程での有機物からのメタン及び二酸化炭素への変換反
応が効率よく進むのである。That is, in the conventional direct anaerobic digestion treatment method, it is difficult for the microorganisms in the organic sludge such as surplus sludge in the waste water treatment plant, which is a lump of microorganisms, to be easily killed or decomposed, which is the organic matter decomposition rate. Although it was the main cause of low, in the method of the present invention, since the organic sludge is pretreated in advance under aerobic conditions, the killing or decomposition of microorganisms is progressing, and the methane from the organic matter in the anaerobic digestion treatment step is progressing. And the conversion reaction to carbon dioxide proceeds efficiently.
【００１１】本発明の処理対象となる有機性汚泥とは、
食品工場・浄化槽・下水処理場等で廃水処理時に発生す
る、初沈汚泥と呼ばれるタンパク質、炭水化物、脂質、
繊維などの有機物と水の混合物、余剰汚泥と呼ばれる廃
水浄化の際に増殖した微生物そのもの、食品工場・浄化
槽・下水処理場等で廃水処理後排出される初沈汚泥と余
剰汚泥の混合物である廃水処理汚泥一般が含まれる他、
嫌気性消化した後に排出される消化汚泥などが包含され
る。The organic sludge to be treated by the present invention is
Proteins, carbohydrates and lipids called primary sludge generated during wastewater treatment at food factories, septic tanks, sewage treatment plants, etc.
A mixture of organic matter such as fibers and water, microorganisms called surplus sludge that proliferate during wastewater purification, wastewater that is a mixture of initial sludge and excess sludge discharged after wastewater treatment at food factories, septic tanks, sewage treatment plants, etc. In addition to general treated sludge,
It includes digested sludge discharged after anaerobic digestion.
【００１２】また、本明細書で言う好気性分解微生物と
は、至適温度50〜70℃、酸素の存在する条件で成育でき
る微生物で、細胞外にプロテアーゼやアミラーゼなどの
有機物分解酵素を排出して有機物の分解を促進する微生
物を意味するもので、その代表的な属としては、Bacill
us等があげられる。The aerobic-degrading microorganism referred to in the present specification is a microorganism capable of growing under the optimum temperature of 50 to 70 ° C. in the presence of oxygen, and emits organic matter degrading enzymes such as protease and amylase to the outside of the cell. It means a microorganism that accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, and its representative genus is Bacill.
us, etc.
【００１３】また、好気性分解微生物を含む媒体とは、
好気性分解微生物それ自体及びこのものを含む汚泥、有
機肥料、森林等の土などの媒体を意味する。本発明で好
ましく使用される好気性分解微生物を含む処理媒体は、
好気性分解微生物を含有する好気性分解汚泥である。The medium containing aerobic degrading microorganisms is
It means aerobic degrading microorganisms themselves and media such as sludge, organic fertilizers, soils such as forests containing these. The treatment medium containing the aerobic degrading microorganism preferably used in the present invention,
It is an aerobic degrading sludge containing aerobic degrading microorganisms.
【００１４】以下、本発明方法を具体的に説明する。本
発明方法においては、まず、有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処
理の前に、該有機性汚泥を予め好気性微生物を含む媒体
により前分解処理することが必要である。この前分解処
理は、例えば、好気性分解槽内で好気性分解汚泥と原料
の有機性汚泥を混合して、水分含量を60〜99.9%、好ま
しくは90〜99%に調整し、反応温度は10〜100℃好ましく
は55〜75℃で好気的に分解させればよい。この場合、好
気性分解槽内には好気性雰囲気を維持するために酸素や
空気などの酸素含有ガス供給することが望ましい。酸素
含有ガスの供給量は0.01〜1vvm、好ましくは0.05〜0.2v
vmである。The method of the present invention will be specifically described below. In the method of the present invention, first, it is necessary to pre-decompose the organic sludge with a medium containing aerobic microorganisms before the anaerobic digestion treatment of the organic sludge. This pre-decomposition treatment is, for example, mixing aerobic decomposition sludge and raw material organic sludge in an aerobic decomposition tank to adjust the water content to 60 to 99.9%, preferably 90 to 99%, and the reaction temperature is It may be aerobically decomposed at 10 to 100 ° C, preferably 55 to 75 ° C. In this case, it is desirable to supply oxygen-containing gas such as oxygen or air into the aerobic decomposition tank in order to maintain the aerobic atmosphere. The supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas is 0.01 to 1 vvm, preferably 0.05 to 0.2 v
vm.
【００１５】好気性分解汚泥としては、運転中の好気性
分解槽から好気性分解汚泥を移植するか、好気性分解微
生物を含有する下水処理場の活性汚泥やコンポストなど
を種微生物汚泥として使用することができる。この好気
性分解汚泥に含有される微生物量は、濃度が低くても迅
速に増殖するので0.01〜20%、望ましくは1〜5%でよい。As the aerobic decomposing sludge, the aerobic decomposing sludge is transplanted from an aerobic decomposing tank during operation, or activated sludge or compost of a sewage treatment plant containing aerobic decomposing microorganisms is used as a seed microbial sludge. be able to. The amount of microorganisms contained in this aerobic decomposing sludge may be 0.01 to 20%, preferably 1 to 5% because it rapidly grows even if the concentration is low.
【００１６】次に、本発明においては、好気性分解槽に
より前分解処理された分解産物を、嫌気的に消化処理す
る。この嫌気性消化処理は、例えば前分解処理された分
解産物を消化性汚泥と混合し、含水率50〜99.9%、好ま
しく85〜99%に調整し、10〜100℃好ましく30〜35℃の中
温発酵かまたは50〜70℃の高温発酵で嫌気性消化処理さ
せ、メタンを発生させる。この嫌気性消化処理工程にお
いては、嫌気性消化槽内には空気及び／又は酸素は供給
しない。Next, in the present invention, the decomposition products pre-decomposed in the aerobic decomposition tank are anaerobically digested. This anaerobic digestion treatment is, for example, mixing the decomposition products subjected to pre-decomposition treatment with digestible sludge and adjusting the water content to 50 to 99.9%, preferably 85 to 99%, and 10 to 100 ° C, preferably 30 to 35 ° C, medium temperature. Anaerobically digested by fermentation or high temperature fermentation at 50-70 ℃ to generate methane. In this anaerobic digestion treatment step, air and / or oxygen is not supplied into the anaerobic digestion tank.
【００１７】嫌気性消化汚泥としては、例えば、酸発酵
性微生物やメタン発酵性微生物を含有する下水汚泥の嫌
気性消化に使用される通常の嫌気性消化汚泥や、既存の
嫌気性消化汚泥を好気性分解産物に馴致培養したもの使
用することができる。As the anaerobic digested sludge, for example, a normal anaerobic digested sludge used for anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge containing acid-fermenting microorganisms or methane-fermenting microorganisms or an existing anaerobic digested sludge is preferable. It can be used after culturing by acclimatizing to the aerial degradation product.
【００１８】ここでいう、酸発酵性微生物とは、嫌気性
消化において有機酸等を生成する微生物を意味し、Bact
eroides sp.、Clostridium sp.、Bacillus sp.、Lactob
acillus sp.等があげられる。メタン発酵性微生物と
は、嫌気性消化においてメタンを生成する微生物を意味
し、Methanosarcina sp.、Methanosaeta sp.、Methanog
eum sp.等があげられる。両者とも従来よく知られてい
るものである。[0018] here, the acid fermentation microorganism means a microorganism that produces an organic acid in anaerobic digestion, Bact
eroides sp., Clostridium sp., Bacillus sp., Lactob
Examples include acillus sp. A methane-fermenting microorganism means a microorganism that produces methane during anaerobic digestion, and includes Methanosarcina sp., Methanosaeta sp., Methanog .
eum sp. Both are well known in the art.
【００１９】前記のようにして、有機性汚泥を好気性分
解微生物をを含有した好気性分解汚泥を用い、好気性条
件下で好気的に分解処理すると、好気性分解微生物の分
泌するプロテアーゼやアミラーゼなどの酵素により、細
胞壁、細胞膜やタンパク質などの高分子有機物が分解さ
れ、細胞残滓と比較的低分子の有機物の混合物が得られ
る。微生物の塊である廃水処理場の余剰汚泥などを嫌気
性消化した場合、従来の嫌気性条件では微生物が死滅及
び分解されにくいことが有機物分解率が低い主な原因で
あったが、本発明方法では、好熱性好気的な条件で前処
理するので、微生物の死滅や分解が進んでおり、嫌気性
消化槽での有機物からのメタン及び二酸化炭素への変換
反応が効率よく進む。As described above, when the organic sludge is aerobically decomposed under aerobic conditions using aerobic decomposing sludge containing aerobic decomposing microorganisms, proteases secreted by the aerobic degrading microorganisms and Enzymes such as amylase decompose high molecular weight organic substances such as cell walls, cell membranes and proteins to obtain a mixture of cell debris and relatively low molecular weight organic substances. When anaerobically digesting excess sludge of a wastewater treatment plant, which is a lump of microorganisms, it was the main cause that the organic matter decomposition rate was low that the microorganisms were not easily killed and decomposed under conventional anaerobic conditions, but the method of the present invention Since the pretreatment is carried out under thermophilic and aerobic conditions, the microorganisms are being killed and decomposed, and the conversion reaction from organic matter to methane and carbon dioxide in the anaerobic digestion tank proceeds efficiently.
【００２０】この嫌気性消化処理時に発生するメタン
は、ボイラー燃料、消化ガス発電、マイクロガスタービ
ンや水素への改質後燃料電池の燃料として利用すること
が出来る。Methane generated during the anaerobic digestion treatment can be used as fuel for boiler fuel, digestion gas power generation, micro gas turbine, and fuel cell after reforming to hydrogen.
【００２１】本発明方法では、従来の有機性汚泥の嫌気
的消化法に比べ有機物分解率が向上するため、残滓の発
生量も従来法に比べ減少する。この残滓は、窒素やリン
などの肥料成分を多く含み発酵が進んでいるので、その
まま及び／又は固液分離後そのまま液体肥料や固形肥料
として利用及び／又は肥料の原料として利用すること可
能である。好気性分解槽の温度が高いので、病原性微生
物等の有害微生物の多くが死滅するため、有機性肥料の
原料として適している。In the method of the present invention, the rate of decomposition of organic matter is improved as compared with the conventional anaerobic digestion method of organic sludge, so that the amount of residues generated is also reduced as compared with the conventional method. Since this residue contains a large amount of fertilizer components such as nitrogen and phosphorus and is being fermented, it can be used as it is and / or as it is after solid-liquid separation as a liquid fertilizer or solid fertilizer and / or as a raw material for fertilizer. . Since the temperature of the aerobic decomposition tank is high, many harmful microorganisms such as pathogenic microorganisms are killed, and it is suitable as a raw material for organic fertilizers.
【００２２】次に、本発明方法を好ましく実施するため
の処理装置を図面を参照しながら詳述する。図１は本発
明の嫌気性消化処理装置の説明図である。図１におい
て、１は有機性汚泥貯留タンク、２は原料有機性汚泥配
管、３は好気性分解槽、４は空気（酸素含有ガス）供給
配管、５はポンプ、６は好気性分解物配管、７は嫌気性
消化槽、８は消化ガス配管、９は消化ガス貯留タンク、
１０は嫌気性処理物配管、１１は固液分離装置、１２は
処理汚泥返送配管、１３は処理液相部配管、１４は処理
液相部貯留タンク、１５は処理固相部配管、１６は処理
固相部貯留タンクを各示す。Next, a processing apparatus for preferably carrying out the method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an anaerobic digestion processing apparatus of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is an organic sludge storage tank, 2 is a raw material organic sludge pipe, 3 is an aerobic decomposition tank, 4 is an air (oxygen-containing gas) supply pipe, 5 is a pump, 6 is an aerobic decomposition product pipe, 7 is an anaerobic digestion tank, 8 is a digestion gas pipe, 9 is a digestion gas storage tank,
Reference numeral 10 is an anaerobic treated product pipe, 11 is a solid-liquid separation device, 12 is a treated sludge return pipe, 13 is a treated liquid phase part pipe, 14 is a treated liquid phase part storage tank, 15 is a treated solid phase part pipe, 16 is a treatment Each solid phase storage tank is shown.
【００２３】図１の装置によって本発明方法を実施する
には、有機性汚泥貯留タンク１より原料有機性汚泥配管
２を通って、好温好気的な分解を生じさせる好気性微生
物を含有する好気性汚泥を入れた好気性分解槽３に、処
理対象となる有機性汚泥、嫌気性消化汚泥または返送し
た処理汚泥を供給・混合する。好気性分解を生じさせる
微生物を含有する好気性分解汚泥としては、前記したよ
うに、下水処理場の活性汚泥法から生じる余剰汚泥やコ
ンポストを使用すればよい。To carry out the method of the present invention by the apparatus of FIG. 1, an aerobic microorganism that causes aerobic aerobic decomposition from the organic sludge storage tank 1 through the raw material organic sludge pipe 2 is contained. The organic sludge to be treated, the anaerobic digestion sludge, or the returned treated sludge is supplied and mixed into the aerobic decomposition tank 3 containing the aerobic sludge. As the aerobic decomposing sludge containing microorganisms that cause aerobic decomposition, excess sludge or compost produced from the activated sludge method of a sewage treatment plant may be used as described above.
【００２４】この好気性分解槽３において、ポンプ５か
ら空気（酸素含有ガス）供給管４を通じて空気を供給し
た条件で、有機性汚泥は好熱性好気性微生物の分泌する
酵素や界面活性剤などの分解作用を受ける。この分解処
理により、有機性汚泥の主要な成分である細菌などの細
胞壁や細胞膜が破壊され、有機物が可溶化・低分子化さ
れ、後段のメタン発酵のガス化反応が進行しやすくな
る。In the aerobic decomposition tank 3, the organic sludge is treated with an enzyme (such as an enzyme or a surfactant) secreted by a thermophilic aerobic microorganism under the condition that air is supplied from the pump 5 through the air (oxygen-containing gas) supply pipe 4. Receives decomposition action. By this decomposition treatment, the cell walls and cell membranes of bacteria, which are the main components of organic sludge, are destroyed, the organic matter is solubilized and reduced in molecular weight, and the gasification reaction of methane fermentation in the latter stage easily proceeds.
【００２５】好気性分解槽３において、好熱性好気性微
生物の増殖速度が速く、分解速度も速いため好気性分解
槽３はその容量を小さくすることが出来る。槽内の分解
微生物を高密度に維持するために、槽内に微生物が付着
・増殖できる担体（例えば住、ポリウレタンフォーム、
ガラス繊維、酢酸スルロース繊維、ゼオライトなど）を
投入してもよい。本発明に係る好気性分解槽は、槽内の
汚泥を撹拌し発酵反応を促進させるために、必要に応じ
撹拌装置を具備させてもよい。In the aerobic decomposition tank 3, since the growth rate of the thermophilic aerobic microorganism is high and the decomposition rate is also high, the capacity of the aerobic decomposition tank 3 can be reduced. In order to maintain a high density of degrading microorganisms in the tank, a carrier on which microorganisms can adhere and grow in the tank (for example, housing, polyurethane foam,
Glass fiber, sulrose acetate fiber, zeolite, etc.) may be added. The aerobic decomposition tank according to the present invention may be equipped with a stirrer as necessary in order to stir the sludge in the tank and accelerate the fermentation reaction.
【００２６】一方、好気性分解槽３で得られた分解物は
分解物配管６を通って嫌気性消化槽７に導入される。嫌
気性消化槽７は酸素がない嫌気条件に保たれ、好気性分
解槽３で得られた分解物は酸生成微生物やメタン生成微
生物の働きで、メタン、二酸化炭素、アンモニアなどに
分解処理される。この時、嫌気性消化の対象となる分解
物は、すでに好気性分解槽３で分解処理を受けているの
で、細胞構造などの破壊が進み細胞内の有機物が可溶化
しているので、酸生成微生物やメタン生成微生物による
分解反応を受けやすくなっている。そのため、従来の有
機性汚泥の嫌気性消化に見られる、滞留時間が長く、有
機物分解率が低いという問題点が改善され、嫌気性消化
槽をコンパクト化することが出来る。On the other hand, the decomposition product obtained in the aerobic decomposition tank 3 is introduced into the anaerobic digestion tank 7 through the decomposition product pipe 6. The anaerobic digestion tank 7 is kept under an anaerobic condition without oxygen, and the decomposition products obtained in the aerobic decomposition tank 3 are decomposed into methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc. by the action of acid-producing microorganisms and methanogenic microorganisms. . At this time, the decomposition product to be anaerobically digested has already been decomposed in the aerobic decomposition tank 3, so that the destruction of cell structure and the like has progressed and the intracellular organic matter is solubilized. It is susceptible to decomposition reactions by microorganisms and methanogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the problems of long residence time and low organic matter decomposition rate, which are observed in the conventional anaerobic digestion of organic sludge, are improved, and the anaerobic digestion tank can be made compact.
【００２７】また、嫌気性消化槽７内で発生したメタン
を含む消化ガスは消化ガス配管８を通って消化ガス貯留
タンク９に貯留される。この場合の消化ガスは、通常CH
4:50〜100モル％、CO2:0〜50モル％、H2:0〜10モル％を
含有する。The digestion gas containing methane generated in the anaerobic digestion tank 7 is stored in the digestion gas storage tank 9 through the digestion gas pipe 8. Digestion gas in this case is usually CH
4: 50 to 100 mol%, CO 2: 0 to 50 mol%, H 2: containing 0-10 mol%.
【００２８】一方、嫌気性消化槽７で得られた消化物
は、処理物配管１０を通って固液分離装置１１に導入さ
れる。消化物の一部は処理汚泥返送配管１２を通って好
気性分解槽３の入り口に処理対象汚泥の一部として返送
される。On the other hand, the digested product obtained in the anaerobic digestion tank 7 is introduced into the solid-liquid separation device 11 through the treated product pipe 10. A part of the digested product is returned to the entrance of the aerobic decomposition tank 3 through the treated sludge return pipe 12 as a part of the sludge to be treated.
【００２９】固液分離装置１１に導入された処理物は液
相部と固相部に分離され、液相部は処理液相部配管１３
を通って、処理液相部貯留タンク１４に貯留される。処
理液相部（廃水）は、通常溶存有機物や溶存無機物の濃
度の低いものであり、必要に応じ廃水処理後放流され
る。固相部は処理固相部配管１５を通って処理固相部貯
留タンク１６に貯留される。固相部は、有機物の分解が
十分に行われており、同時にアンモニアやリン酸を多く
含むので、そのまま有機肥料及び／又は肥料の原料とな
る。また、含水率が下がり十分減量化されているので、
焼却処分してもよい。前記固液分離装置１１は、濾過器
や遠心分離機、沈降槽等からなる。The treated substance introduced into the solid-liquid separation device 11 is separated into a liquid phase portion and a solid phase portion, and the liquid phase portion is treated liquid pipe 13
And is stored in the processing liquid phase storage tank 14. The treated liquid phase portion (waste water) usually has a low concentration of dissolved organic substances and dissolved inorganic substances, and is discharged after the waste water treatment as necessary. The solid phase portion is stored in the processing solid phase portion storage tank 16 through the processing solid phase portion pipe 15. The solid phase portion is sufficiently decomposed with organic substances and, at the same time, contains a large amount of ammonia and phosphoric acid. In addition, since the water content has decreased and the volume has been reduced sufficiently,
May be incinerated. The solid-liquid separation device 11 includes a filter, a centrifuge, a sedimentation tank, and the like.
【００３０】嫌気性消化槽７で得られた消化物の一部を
好気性分解槽３に返送し、再分解させることにより、消
化物に含有される未分解の有機物が好気性分解を経て再
び嫌気性消化されるので有機物分解率が向上する。By returning a part of the digested material obtained in the anaerobic digestion tank 7 to the aerobic decomposition tank 3 and re-decomposing it, the undecomposed organic matter contained in the digested material undergoes aerobic decomposition and is again decomposed. Anaerobic digestion improves organic matter decomposition rate.
【００３１】[0031]
【発明の効果】本発明は前記のような構成であり、有機
性汚泥はまず好気性分解処理を受け、その分解物は迅速
に効率よく嫌気性消化処理を受ける。この好気性分解処
理と嫌気性消化を組み合わせることにより、有機性汚泥
中の有機物は従来の嫌気性消化と比較し、消化速度が速
く、有機物分解率が高く、同時にメタン化率も向上す
る。本発明の場合、発生した残滓（処理された固相部）
を返送して再処理するシステムを導入すると、さらに残
滓の発生量が少なくなり、最終的な汚泥処理量が低減さ
れる。また、本法によれば、最終的に発生する残滓（処
理された固相部）や処理液にはアンモニアやリン酸が含
有されているので、アンモニアやリン酸を多く含む有機
性肥料や液肥を生産することができる。また、本法で残
滓から得られる有機性肥料は、好気的なコンポスト法に
よって生産される有機性肥料に比べ塩分濃度が低いとい
う利点を有する。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention has the above-mentioned structure. Organic sludge is first subjected to aerobic decomposition treatment, and the decomposed product is subjected to anaerobic digestion treatment rapidly and efficiently. By combining this aerobic digestion treatment and anaerobic digestion, the organic matter in the organic sludge has a faster digestion rate, a higher organic matter decomposition rate and a higher methanation rate than conventional anaerobic digestion. In the case of the present invention, the generated residue (treated solid phase part)
Introducing a system for returning and re-treating sewage will further reduce the amount of residue generated and reduce the final sludge treatment amount. Further, according to this method, since the residue (treated solid phase portion) and the treatment liquid that are finally generated contain ammonia and phosphoric acid, organic fertilizers and liquid fertilizers containing a large amount of ammonia and phosphoric acid are used. Can be produced. In addition, the organic fertilizer obtained from the residue by this method has the advantage that the salinity is lower than that of the organic fertilizer produced by the aerobic composting method.
【図１】本発明に係る有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理装置
の説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of an anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus for organic sludge according to the present invention.
１．有機性汚泥貯留タンク ２．原料有機性汚泥配管 ３．好気性分解槽 ４．酸素含有ガス（空気）供給配管 ５．ポンプ ６．好気性分解物配管 ７．嫌気性消化槽 ８．消化ガス配管 ９．消化ガス貯留タンク １０．嫌気性処理物配管 １１．固液分離装置 １２．処理汚泥返送配管 １３．処理液相部配管 １４．処理液相部貯留タンク １５．処理固相部配管 １６．処理固相部貯留タンク 1. Organic sludge storage tank 2. Raw material organic sludge piping 3. Aerobic decomposition tank 4. Oxygen-containing gas (air) supply pipe 5. pump 6. Aerobic decomposition product piping 7. Anaerobic digester 8. Digestion gas piping 9. Digestion gas storage tank 10. Anaerobic treated product piping 11. Solid-liquid separation device 12. Treated sludge return piping 13. Processing liquid phase piping 14. Treatment liquid phase storage tank 15. Processing solid phase piping 16. Treatment solid phase storage tank
Claims (13)
て、嫌気性消化処理の前に該有機性汚泥を予め好気性微
生物を含む媒体により好気的に前分解処理することを特
徴とする有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。1. A method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge, wherein the organic sludge is aerobically predecomposed by a medium containing aerobic microorganisms before the anaerobic digestion. Method for anaerobic digestion of activated sludge.
汚泥であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の有機性汚
泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。2. The method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge according to claim 1, wherein the medium containing aerobic microorganisms is aerobic digestion sludge.
ら行うことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の有機性
汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。3. The method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge according to claim 1, wherein the pre-decomposition treatment is performed while supplying an oxygen-containing gas.
し得る担体の存在下で行うことを特徴とする請求項１乃
至３何れかに記載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。4. The method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pre-decomposition treatment is carried out in the presence of a carrier to which aerobic microorganisms can adhere and grow.
て、（Ｉ）好気性分解微生物を含有する好気性分解汚泥
の存在下、好気的に前分解する工程、（II）該前分解工
程で得られた分解物を、酸発酵性微生物及び／又はメタ
ン発酵性微生物を含む嫌気性消化汚泥を用いて消化処理
することを特徴とする有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方
法。5. A method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge, comprising the step of (I) aerobically predecomposing in the presence of aerobic decomposing sludge containing aerobic degrading microorganisms, and (II) the predecomposing step. A method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge, which comprises digesting the decomposed product obtained in 1. with an anaerobic digestion sludge containing an acid-fermenting microorganism and / or a methane-fermenting microorganism.
る気相部を燃料とすることを特徴とする請求項５記載の
有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。6. The method for anaerobic digestion treatment of organic sludge according to claim 5, wherein the gas phase portion containing methane obtained in the step (II) is used as a fuel.
（Ｉ）の工程に循環し再処理することを特徴とする請求
項５又は６に記載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。7. The method for anaerobic digestion treatment of organic sludge according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the treated sludge obtained in the step (II) is circulated to the step (I) for retreatment.
又は固液分離して、肥料及び／又は肥料の原料として利
用することを特徴とする請求項５乃至７何れかに記載の
有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理方法。8. The organic matter according to claim 5, wherein the treated sludge obtained in the step (II) is directly or solid-liquid separated and used as a fertilizer and / or a raw material of a fertilizer. Method for anaerobic digestion of activated sludge.
て、該有機性汚泥を予め好気性微生物を含む媒体により
前分解処理する装置を備えたことを特徴とする有機性汚
泥の嫌気性消化処理装置。9. An anaerobic digester for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge, comprising an apparatus for pre-decomposing the organic sludge with a medium containing aerobic microorganisms in advance. Digestion processing equipment.
給装置を付設したことを特徴とする請求項９に記載の有
機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理装置。10. The anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus for organic sludge according to claim 9, wherein an oxygen-containing gas supply apparatus is attached to the apparatus for pre-decomposition treatment.
って、（Ｉ）好気性分解微生物を含有する好気性分解汚
泥の存在下、好気的に前分解する装置と（II）該前分解
工程で得られた分解物を、酸発酵性微生物及び／又はメ
タン発酵性微生物を含む嫌気性消化汚泥を用いて消化処
理する装置とを備えたことを特徴とする有機性汚泥の嫌
気性消化処理装置。11. An apparatus for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge, which comprises (I) an apparatus for aerobically predegrading in the presence of aerobic decomposing sludge containing aerobic degrading microorganisms, and (II) Anaerobic digestion of organic sludge, characterized by comprising a device for digesting the decomposed product obtained in the decomposition step using anaerobic digestion sludge containing acid-fermenting microorganisms and / or methane-fermenting microorganisms. Processing equipment.
（Ｉ）の装置に循環し再処理する手段を備えたことを特
徴とする請求項１１に記載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処
理方法。12. The anaerobic digestion treatment of organic sludge according to claim 11, further comprising means for circulating the treated sludge obtained by the apparatus of (II) to the apparatus of (I) and reprocessing it. Method.
接又は固液分離して、肥料及び／又は肥料の原料として
利用する手段を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１１に記
載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化処理装置。13. The organic substance according to claim 11, further comprising means for directly or solid-liquid separating the treated sludge obtained in the step (II) and using it as a fertilizer and / or a raw material for the fertilizer. Anaerobic digestion treatment equipment for activated sludge.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007520330A (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2007-07-26 | ロディア ユーケイ リミテッド | Sewage sludge treatment |
| JP2013133242A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-07-08 | Fuji Koki Kk | Method for producing liquid fertilizer |
-
2001
- 2001-12-11 JP JP2001377099A patent/JP2003170195A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007520330A (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2007-07-26 | ロディア ユーケイ リミテッド | Sewage sludge treatment |
| JP2013133242A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-07-08 | Fuji Koki Kk | Method for producing liquid fertilizer |
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