JP2003123821A - Fuel cell cartridge - Google Patents
Fuel cell cartridgeInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003123821A JP2003123821A JP2001316197A JP2001316197A JP2003123821A JP 2003123821 A JP2003123821 A JP 2003123821A JP 2001316197 A JP2001316197 A JP 2001316197A JP 2001316197 A JP2001316197 A JP 2001316197A JP 2003123821 A JP2003123821 A JP 2003123821A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- chamber
- hydrogen
- raw material
- cell cartridge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
- C12M43/08—Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices or plants for production of electricity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、燃料電池に水素
を供給するための燃料電池用カートリッジに関し、より
詳しくは燃料電池用カートリッジを二室に分け、一方の
室には第１の原料を、他方の室は第１の原料と反応して
水素を生成する第２の原料を収納し、生成された水素を
燃料電池の負極側に供給するものである。さらに本発明
は含酸素炭化水素化合物を微生物利用により改質するこ
とで、水素を生成し、燃料電池に供給するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel cell cartridge for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell. More specifically, the fuel cell cartridge is divided into two chambers, and one chamber contains a first raw material. The other chamber contains a second raw material that reacts with the first raw material to generate hydrogen, and supplies the generated hydrogen to the negative electrode side of the fuel cell. Further, according to the present invention, hydrogen is generated by reforming an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound by utilizing a microorganism, and the hydrogen is supplied to a fuel cell.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】環境負荷を低減する技術として燃料電池
により発電される電気を動力源とする発電システムの開
発がすすめられている。燃料電池は供給される水素と酸
素を電気化学反応させて電流を発生するもので、この燃
料電池に水素を供給するために、高圧水素ガスボンベ、
水素貯蔵合金内蔵ボンベや炭化水素化合物を熱分解して
水素を生成する燃料改質装置を備える事が必須であっ
た。2. Description of the Related Art Development of a power generation system using electricity generated by a fuel cell as a power source has been promoted as a technique for reducing environmental load. The fuel cell electrochemically reacts the supplied hydrogen with oxygen to generate an electric current. In order to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell, a high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinder,
It was essential to provide a cylinder with a built-in hydrogen storage alloy and a fuel reformer that thermally decomposes hydrocarbon compounds to produce hydrogen.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】高圧水素ボンベ、水素
貯蔵合金内蔵ボンベは、ボンベに収納した高圧水素を減
圧しながら燃料電池に供給するもので、ＣＯ2の排出が
ゼロであり、温暖化現象などの原因となるＣＯ2の問題
はクリアできるものの、水素の供給サイトが限られる事
とボンベ重量が大きい欠点を有している。A high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and a cylinder with a built-in hydrogen storage alloy supply high-pressure hydrogen stored in the cylinder to a fuel cell while decompressing it, and CO 2 emission is zero, which causes a global warming phenomenon. Although the problem of CO 2 which causes the above can be solved, it has a drawback that the hydrogen supply site is limited and the cylinder weight is large.
【０００４】これに対して、アルコールや化石燃料から
水素を生成する燃料改質装置は、燃料の供給は比較的容
易であるが、６００℃以上の高温で貴金属を触媒とする
熱分解反応で水素を生成すること、ＣＯの副生があるこ
と、燃料電池の電極触媒を被毒し燃料電池の性能劣化を
大きくする事、熱分解温度を維持するために７５％以上
の熱効率を期待できない等の問題がある。On the other hand, in the fuel reformer for producing hydrogen from alcohol or fossil fuel, it is relatively easy to supply the fuel, but hydrogen is produced by a thermal decomposition reaction using a precious metal as a catalyst at a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher. Is generated, CO is by-produced, the electrode catalyst of the fuel cell is poisoned to greatly deteriorate the performance of the fuel cell, and thermal efficiency of 75% or more cannot be expected to maintain the thermal decomposition temperature. There's a problem.
【０００５】本発明はこのような問題を解決するために
提案されたもので、含酸素炭化水素化合物をエネルギー
源として水素生成する微生物を利用して燃料の改質を行
なうことで、ＣＯの副生をほとんど伴うことなく、室温
付近の低温で高純度水素を生成できる装置を提供するも
のである。The present invention has been proposed in order to solve such a problem. By reforming a fuel by utilizing a microorganism that produces hydrogen using an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound as an energy source, CO by-products are reformed. It is intended to provide a device capable of producing high-purity hydrogen at a low temperature near room temperature with almost no generation.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】第１の発明は、燃料電池
に水素を供給するカートリッジであって、該カートリッ
ジが少なくとも二室を有し、一方の室には第１の原料を
収納し、他方の室には前記第１の原料と反応して水素を
生成し、前記燃料電池に水素を供給する第２の原料を収
納してなることを特徴とする燃料電池用カートリッジで
ある。A first aspect of the present invention is a cartridge for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell, the cartridge having at least two chambers, one chamber containing the first raw material, A fuel cell cartridge, wherein the other chamber contains a second raw material which reacts with the first raw material to generate hydrogen and supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell.
【０００７】第２の発明は、第１の発明に記載の燃料電
池用カートリッジにおいて、前記一方の室から第１の原
料を前記他方の室へ任意に供給可能なポンプ機能を備え
たことを特徴とする燃料電池用カートリッジである。A second invention is the fuel cell cartridge according to the first invention, which is provided with a pump function capable of arbitrarily supplying the first raw material from the one chamber to the other chamber. And a fuel cell cartridge.
【０００８】第３の発明は、第１または第２の発明に記
載の燃料電池用カートリッジにおいて、前記一方の室に
は含酸素炭化水素化合物水溶液を、前記他方の室には含
酸素炭化水素化合物をエネルギー源として水素を発生す
る微生物を含む液体を収納し、前記一方の室と他方の室
の間に形成した供給口から含酸素炭化水素化合物水溶液
を供給し、該含酸素炭化水素化合物を基にして前記微生
物と反応して生成した水素を、前記供給口の他方に形成
した排気口から取り出すことを特徴とする燃料電池用カ
ートリッジである。A third aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell cartridge according to the first or second aspect, wherein the one chamber contains an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound aqueous solution and the other chamber contains the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound. A liquid containing a microorganism that generates hydrogen as an energy source is stored, and an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound aqueous solution is supplied from a supply port formed between the one chamber and the other chamber, and the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound is used as a base. The fuel cell cartridge is characterized in that hydrogen produced by reacting with the microorganisms is taken out from an exhaust port formed in the other of the supply ports.
【０００９】第４の発明は、第３の発明に記載の燃料電
池用カートリッジにおいて、前記排気口付近に前記第１
の原料、第２の原料が前記他方の室から排出されないよ
うにフィルターを設置することを特徴とする燃料電池用
カートリッジである。A fourth aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell cartridge according to the third aspect, wherein the first portion is provided near the exhaust port.
The fuel cell cartridge is characterized in that a filter is installed so that the raw material and the second raw material are not discharged from the other chamber.
【００１０】第５の発明は、第３の発明に記載の燃料電
池用カートリッジにおいて、前記微生物が以下の４種の
大腸菌Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａ ｃｏｌｉ ＭＧ１６５
５、Ｃｌｏｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ Ｌａｃｔｏａｃｅｔｏｐ
ｈｉｌｕｍ、Ｃｌｏｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ Ａｃｔｏｂｕｔ
ｙｌｉｃｕｍ、Ｃｌｏｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ Ｂｕｔｙｌｉ
ｃｕｍのうちいずれか１つ、またはコリネ菌である事を
特徴とする燃料電池用カートリッジである。A fifth aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell cartridge according to the third aspect, wherein the microorganisms are the following four types of Escherichia coli MG165.
5, Clostridium Lactacetop
hilum, Clostridium Actobut
ylicum, Clostridium Butyli
The fuel cell cartridge is characterized in that any one of the cums or corynebacterium is used.
【００１１】第６の発明は、第５の発明に記載の燃料電
池用カートリッジにおいて、前記大腸菌又はコリネ菌
が、その遺伝子を組み替え操作して、ギ酸デヒドロゲナ
ーゼ、ヒドロゲナーゼ、ｔＲＮＡの酵素群を高発現させ
たことを特徴とする遺伝子操作菌体を使用することを特
徴とする燃料電池用カートリッジである。A sixth aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell cartridge according to the fifth aspect, wherein the Escherichia coli or corynebacterium is subjected to a recombination operation of its gene to highly express an enzyme group of formate dehydrogenase, hydrogenase and tRNA. A cartridge for a fuel cell, characterized by using a genetically modified bacterial cell characterized by the above.
【００１２】第７の発明は、燃料電池用カートリッジに
おいて、前記含酸素炭化水素化合物としてギ酸を使用す
る事を特徴とする。A seventh invention is characterized in that, in the fuel cell cartridge, formic acid is used as the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound.
【００１３】第８の発明は、前記ポンプ機能が前記燃料
電池で発電された電気によって駆動されることを特徴と
する燃料電池用カートリッジである。An eighth invention is a fuel cell cartridge, wherein the pump function is driven by electricity generated by the fuel cell.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面
に基づいて説明する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００１５】図１において、燃料電池用カートリッジ１
は、燃料の生物的燃料改質装置であり、Ａ室２とＢ室３
に分離されている。Ａ室２には原料Ｉ４が、Ｂ室３には
原料ＩＩ５が収納されている。Ｂ室３には供給口６と排
気口７が備えられている。Ａ室２とＢ室３は供給口６で
連結されている。原料Ｉ４と原料ＩＩ５が混合するのを
防止するため、Ｂ室３側の供給口６には封し弁８が設置
されスプリング９によって押えられている。本発明で用
いる燃料電池用カートリッジは、酸素含有炭化水素や生
化学的触媒により分解されないものを用いて円筒形、角
筒形のような形状に形成する。例えば、硬質樹脂製、金
属製、ガラス製等が挙げられ、具体的にはポリエチレン
のようなポリマーのものを用いることができる。燃料電
池用カートリッジ中のＡ室とＢ室を隔てる隔壁も、同様
のものを用いるのが良い。In FIG. 1, a fuel cell cartridge 1 is provided.
Is a biological fuel reformer for fuel, and is in A chamber 2 and B chamber 3
Is separated into. Raw material I4 is stored in the A chamber 2, and raw material II5 is stored in the B chamber 3. The B chamber 3 is provided with a supply port 6 and an exhaust port 7. The A chamber 2 and the B chamber 3 are connected by a supply port 6. In order to prevent the raw material I4 and the raw material II5 from being mixed, a sealing valve 8 is installed at the supply port 6 on the B chamber 3 side and is pressed by a spring 9. The fuel cell cartridge used in the present invention is formed in a shape such as a cylindrical shape or a rectangular tube shape using an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon or a material that is not decomposed by a biochemical catalyst. Examples thereof include hard resin, metal, glass and the like, and specifically, a polymer such as polyethylene can be used. It is preferable to use the same partition wall for separating the chamber A and the chamber B in the fuel cell cartridge.
【００１６】図１のシステムにおいては燃料電池のアノ
ードに燃料を供給する導入部に燃料電池用カートリッジ
１の排気口７を接続し、Ａ室２を手で押えるなどで圧縮
するとＡ室２内の圧力が上がりスプリング９が圧縮され
て封し弁８が開放される事で、Ａ室２内の原料Ｉ４がＢ
室３に導入される。Ｂ室３に導入された原料Ｉ４はＢ室
３に収納されていた原料ＩＩ５と反応して水素を生成
し、排気口７より燃料電池のアノードに水素を供給して
発電される。In the system of FIG. 1, when the exhaust port 7 of the fuel cell cartridge 1 is connected to the introduction portion for supplying fuel to the anode of the fuel cell and the A chamber 2 is compressed by being pressed by hand, the inside of the A chamber 2 is compressed. When the pressure rises and the spring 9 is compressed and the sealing valve 8 is opened, the raw material I4 in the A chamber 2 is
Introduced into chamber 3. The raw material I4 introduced into the B chamber 3 reacts with the raw material II5 contained in the B chamber 3 to generate hydrogen, and hydrogen is supplied from the exhaust port 7 to the anode of the fuel cell to generate electricity.
【００１７】図２は図１と同様のシステムでＡ室２に収
納された原料Ｉ４が電動ポンプ１０によりＢ室３に供給
される方式の燃料電池用カートリッジの概略図である。
電動ポンプ１０はＡ室２の供給口６に設置されている。
この実施例では電子機器本体内部に内蔵された燃料電池
のアノードに燃料を供給する導入部と排気口７を接続し
た際、電子機器本体側の導入部周辺に設置された電極端
子と燃料電池カートリッジ１の外面の一部に設置された
電極端子１１が接触し導電可能となっている。このポン
プを作動させる電気は燃料電池により駆動させる電子機
器内部のカートリッジ挿入口近傍に予め設置された二次
電池２０より給電される。このときの回路図を図３に示
す。二次電池２０は燃料電池で発電した電気の一部を利
用して充電される。例えば、電子機器の消費電力以上に
発電された余剰の電力、あるいは電子機器がオフされた
時に、Ａ室２からＢ室３への原料Ｉ４の供給をストップ
されるが、その時点で既にＢ室３に供給されていた原料
Ｉ４は、引き続き原料ＩＩ５と反応して水素を発生する
ため、その間燃料電池は発電を続けるので、このときの
余剰電力が制御回路２１により２次電池２０に充電さ
れ、次に電子機器がオンされたときにポンプを作動させ
るために利用する。制御回路２１は上記のように電子機
器の消費電力以上に発電された電力、あるいは電子機器
のオフ後の余剰電力を２次電池２０に供給するように切
換える回路である。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell cartridge of a system in which the raw material I4 stored in the A chamber 2 is supplied to the B chamber 3 by the electric pump 10 in the same system as in FIG.
The electric pump 10 is installed at the supply port 6 of the room A 2.
In this embodiment, when the introduction part for supplying fuel to the anode of the fuel cell built in the main body of the electronic device and the exhaust port 7 are connected, the electrode terminal and the fuel cell cartridge installed around the introduction part on the electronic device main body side. The electrode terminal 11 installed on a part of the outer surface of the electrode 1 is in contact with the electrode terminal 11 so as to be conductive. Electricity for operating this pump is supplied from a secondary battery 20 installed in advance near the cartridge insertion opening inside the electronic device driven by the fuel cell. The circuit diagram at this time is shown in FIG. The secondary battery 20 is charged by using a part of electricity generated by the fuel cell. For example, when the surplus power generated more than the power consumption of the electronic device or the electronic device is turned off, the supply of the raw material I4 from the room A 2 to the room B 3 is stopped, but at that time, the room B is already Since the raw material I4 supplied to No. 3 continues to react with the raw material II5 to generate hydrogen, the fuel cell continues to generate electricity during that time, and the surplus power at this time is charged in the secondary battery 20 by the control circuit 21, It is then used to activate the pump when the electronics are turned on. As described above, the control circuit 21 is a circuit that switches to supply the electric power generated more than the power consumption of the electronic device or the surplus power after the electronic device is turned off to the secondary battery 20.
【００１８】図１、図２において、Ａ室２からＢ室３へ
原料Ｉ４の供給をスムーズにするため、図４に示すよう
にＡ室２に原料Ｉ４が漏れず空気だけが入る空気孔１２
を設け、さらにはＡ室２の一部をゴアテックス（商品
名）のような透湿性防水布１３で形成しても良い。In FIGS. 1 and 2, in order to make the supply of the raw material I4 from the A chamber 2 to the B chamber 3 smooth, as shown in FIG.
Further, a part of the room A 2 may be formed with a moisture permeable waterproof cloth 13 such as GORE-TEX (trade name).
【００１９】このシステムの燃料電池により発電された
電気で稼働される電子機器を使用の為に、Ａ室２を手で
押す、または電源スイッチをオン状態にすると、その信
号により電動ポンプ１０が稼働し、Ａ室２に収納された
原料Ｉ４がＢ室３に送られ、Ｂ室３に予め収納されてい
る原料ＩＩ５と反応して水素を生成し排気口７より燃料
電池のアノードに供給され発電する事で電子機器が使用
出来る。When the electronic equipment operated by electricity generated by the fuel cell of this system is used, when the room A 2 is pushed by hand or the power switch is turned on, the electric pump 10 is operated by the signal. Then, the raw material I4 stored in the A chamber 2 is sent to the B chamber 3, and reacts with the raw material II5 stored in the B chamber 3 in advance to generate hydrogen, which is supplied from the exhaust port 7 to the anode of the fuel cell to generate electricity. By doing so, electronic devices can be used.
【００２０】本実施の形態におけるカートリッジを、燃
料電池を搭載した携帯電話１５に接続する外観図を図６
に示す。燃料電池本体１６は携帯電話１５のプッシュホ
ン部と反対側に設置されている。FIG. 6 is an external view of the cartridge according to the present embodiment, which is connected to a mobile phone 15 equipped with a fuel cell.
Shown in. The fuel cell main body 16 is installed on the opposite side of the touch-tone phone part of the mobile phone 15.
【００２１】本発明の実施の形態を示す各図において、
Ａ室２とＢ室３は一列に並び、供給口６と排気口７も一
列に並ぶように配置されているが、本発明はこのような
配置に限定されず、Ａ室２とＢ室３を横に並べて配置
し、供給口６をＡ室とＢ室の側壁に設けても良い。In each figure showing the embodiment of the present invention,
The A chamber 2 and the B chamber 3 are arranged in a line, and the supply port 6 and the exhaust port 7 are also arranged in a line. However, the present invention is not limited to this arrangement, and the A chamber 2 and the B chamber 3 are arranged. May be arranged side by side and the supply ports 6 may be provided in the side walls of the chambers A and B.
【００２２】本発明の含酸素炭化水素化合物であるギ酸
を分解する微生物は、反応媒体に水を使用しているの
で、含酸素炭化水素化合物として使用するギ酸も水溶性
のものが好ましい。
（実施例１）一室に含酸素炭化水素化合物としてギ酸水
溶液を、他の一室に微生物として大腸菌Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉ
ｃｈｉａ ｃｏｌｉ ＭＧ１６５５株をリン酸緩衝液に
懸濁させて収納した。Since the microorganism decomposing formic acid which is the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound of the present invention uses water as a reaction medium, the formic acid used as the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound is preferably water-soluble. (Example 1) Formic acid aqueous solution as an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound was provided in one chamber, and Escherichia coli Escheri was used as a microorganism in another chamber.
The chia coli MG1655 strain was suspended in a phosphate buffer and stored.
【００２３】ポンプ機能により、ギ酸水溶液を大腸菌Ｅ
ｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａ ｃｏｌｉＭＧ１６５５株に供給
したところ、ＣＯの副生なしで、常温で７．５ｍｌ／ｈ
／ｇの水素の生成を確認した。By the pump function, the aqueous formic acid solution was used to transform E. coli E
When supplied to the strain S. cherichia coli MG1655, 7.5 ml / h at room temperature without CO by-product
Generation of hydrogen / g was confirmed.
【００２４】上記、大腸菌Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａ ｃ
ｏｌｉ ＭＧ１６５５株と同様にして、大腸菌Ｃｌｏｓ
ｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ Ｌａｃｔｏａｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌｕｍ、
Ｃｌｏｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ Ａｃｅｔｏｂｕｔｙｌｉｃｕ
ｍ、ＣｌｏｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍＢｕｔｙｌｉｃｕｍ Ｅｓ
ｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａ ｃｏｌｉ Ｋ１２についても、水
素の生成を確認した結果、生成量の差異はあれども水素
の生成を確認した。The above-mentioned Escherichia coli Escherichia c
E. coli Clos in the same manner as the oli MG1655 strain
tridium Lactoacetophilum,
Clostridium acetobutylicu
m, Clostridium Butyricum Es
As for the cherichia coli K12, the hydrogen production was confirmed, and as a result, the hydrogen production was confirmed although there was a difference in the production amount.
【００２５】以上の結果から、ギ酸から水素を生成する
には
酵素Ｉ：ギ酸から水素原子を引き抜く反応を起こすギ酸
デヒドロゲナーゼ
酵素ＩＩ：２個の水素原子から水素分子を生成する反応
を起こすヒドロゲナーゼ酵素α：電子伝播系のｔＲＮＡ
の３種類の要素があると推定され、大腸菌にはこれらの
酵素が含まれていると考えられた。
（実施例２）一室に含酸素炭化水素化合物としてギ酸水
溶液を収納した。他の一室には、以下のようにして作成
した遺伝子組み替え菌ＪＭ１０９−５０３をリン酸緩衝
液に懸濁させたものを収納した。組み替え操作を以下に
記す。大腸菌ＪＭ１０９−５０３を大腸菌Ｅｓｃｈｅｒ
ｉｃｈｉａ ｃｏｌｉ ＭＧ１６５５株のゲノムより、
酵素の働きを行なう目的遺伝子ｈｙｃＥ，ｆｄｈＦ，ｓ
ｅｌＣを取り出して、これらの遺伝子をｐＴｒｃ９９Ａ
に接続して増幅し、更にｐＤＧ８というプラスミドに接
続する。こうして増幅させた遺伝子を、大腸菌ＪＭ１０
９株に組み込んで遺伝子組み替え菌ＪＭ１０９−５０３
を作成した。From the above results, in order to generate hydrogen from formic acid, enzyme I: formate dehydrogenase enzyme II which causes a reaction of extracting a hydrogen atom from formic acid II: hydrogenase enzyme α which causes a reaction of generating a hydrogen molecule from two hydrogen atoms It is presumed that there are three kinds of elements of tRNA of the electron propagation system, and Escherichia coli was considered to contain these enzymes. (Example 2) A formic acid aqueous solution as an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound was stored in one chamber. In another chamber, a recombinant bacterial strain JM109-503 prepared as described below was suspended in a phosphate buffer. The recombination operation is described below. E. coli JM109-503 was transformed into E. coli Escher
From the genome of ichia coli MG1655 strain,
Target genes hycE, fdhF, s that act as enzymes
elC was removed and these genes were cloned into pTrc99A
Amplification is carried out, and the plasmid is connected to a plasmid called pDG8. The gene thus amplified was transformed into Escherichia coli JM10.
9 recombinant strains JM109-503
It was created.
【００２６】ポンプ機能により、ギ酸水溶液を遺伝子組
み替え菌ＪＭ１０９−５０３に供給すると、ＣＯの副生
なしで、常温で１０４ｍｌ／ｈ／ｇの水素生成が確認で
きた。When the aqueous formic acid solution was supplied to the genetically engineered bacterium JM109-503 by the pump function, it was confirmed that hydrogen was produced at a normal temperature of 104 ml / h / g without CO by-product.
【００２７】これより、上記目的とする酵素Ｉ、ＩＩ、
αを増幅させた遺伝子組み替え菌の方が、大腸菌そのも
のを使用するよりも、水素生成能力が著しく高くなって
いることがわかる。
（実施例３）大腸菌の代りに、増幅した遺伝子を組み込
んだｐＤＧ８の遺伝子をコリネ菌に移植し、スクロース
１０％溶液に培養した遺伝子操作コリネ菌を収納した他
は、実施例１と同様にして実験を行なった結果、ＣＯの
副生なしで、常温で３０６ｍｌ／ｈ／ｇの水素生成を確
認した。From the above, the target enzymes I, II, and
It can be seen that the genetically modified bacterium in which α is amplified has a remarkably higher hydrogen-producing ability than the case of using Escherichia coli itself. (Example 3) In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gene for pDG8 incorporating the amplified gene was transplanted into Corynebacterium instead of Escherichia coli, and the genetically modified Corynebacterium was cultured in a 10% sucrose solution. As a result of the experiment, hydrogen production of 306 ml / h / g was confirmed at room temperature without CO by-product.
【００２８】これより、遺伝子組み替えにより増幅させ
た遺伝子を大腸菌に組み込むより、コリネ菌に組み込ん
だ方が、より水素生成能力が高まることがわかった。From the above, it was found that the hydrogen-producing ability is further enhanced by incorporating the gene amplified by the gene recombination into Escherichia coli than the Escherichia coli.
【００２９】これらの菌の大きさは１〜２μｍと微少で
あるため、生成水素とともに燃料電池へ供給されてしま
う。長期にわたる燃料電池の使用において、その菌体の
たんぱく質が燃料電池の構成材料であるアノード表面を
覆ってしまうため、燃料電池が発電しなくなってしま
う。Since the size of these bacteria is as small as 1 to 2 μm, they are supplied to the fuel cell together with the produced hydrogen. When the fuel cell is used for a long period of time, the protein of the bacterial cell covers the anode surface, which is a constituent material of the fuel cell, so that the fuel cell stops generating electricity.
【００３０】その防止の為に図５に示すように燃料電池
カートリッジ１の排気口７の内部にフィルター１４を設
置しなければならない。フィルター１４は菌体の透過を
防止し水素ガスを透過させる必要があり、通常分子量７
０００程度のＵＦ膜を使用する。To prevent this, a filter 14 must be installed inside the exhaust port 7 of the fuel cell cartridge 1 as shown in FIG. The filter 14 needs to prevent permeation of bacterial cells and permeate hydrogen gas.
000 UF membrane is used.
【００３１】また、本発明で使用する遺伝子操作された
大腸菌及びコリネ菌は、繁殖能力を持たないため、カー
トリッジに収納された後は徐々に菌の老化が進み、通常
一ヶ月程で水素生成能力は著しく低下するが、カートリ
ッジを必要に応じて定期的に交換することで、問題は解
決する。Since the genetically engineered Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium used in the present invention have no reproductive ability, the aging of the bacterium gradually progresses after being stored in the cartridge, and the hydrogen producing ability is usually about one month. Is significantly reduced, but replacing the cartridge on a regular basis as needed solves the problem.
【００３２】したがって、燃料電池での発電作用のため
に、燃料電池用カートリッジから生物的燃料改質で生成
した水素を供給することで、化学的燃料改質装置と異な
り、ＣＯの副生がほとんど無く常温での運転が可能とな
り、より一層排気のクリーンなシステムを提供すること
が可能となる。Therefore, by supplying hydrogen generated by biological fuel reforming from the fuel cell cartridge for the power generation action in the fuel cell, unlike the chemical fuel reforming apparatus, CO by-product is almost generated. It becomes possible to operate at room temperature without any need, and it becomes possible to provide an even cleaner exhaust system.
【００３３】本発明は上記の実施の形態に限定されず
に、その技術的な思想の範囲内において種々の変更がな
しうることは明白である。It is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea.
【００３４】[0034]
【発明の効果】本発明は、含酸素炭化水素化合物をエネ
ルギー源として生物的な改質反応により水素を発生する
微生物に、含酸素炭化水素化合物水溶液を供給し発生し
た水素を容器の排気口より外部に取り出す。これを燃料
電池のアノードに供給するため、アノード触媒は含酸素
炭化水素化合物由来のＣＯにより被毒されることなく、
また、低温での電池の稼働も可能となるものである。こ
のように、生物的な燃料改質により生成した水素を利用
して燃料電池を発電させ、環境にクリーンなシステムを
提供できる。INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound aqueous solution is supplied to a microorganism which generates hydrogen by a biological reforming reaction using an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound as an energy source, and the generated hydrogen is discharged from an exhaust port of a container. Take it out. Since this is supplied to the anode of the fuel cell, the anode catalyst is not poisoned by CO derived from the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound,
Further, the battery can be operated at a low temperature. As described above, the hydrogen generated by the biological fuel reforming can be used to generate the power of the fuel cell, thereby providing a clean system to the environment.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】本発明の手動による燃料電池用カートリッジの
実施形態の概略構成図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of a manual fuel cell cartridge of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の電動による燃料電池用カートリッジの
実施形態の概略構成図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of an electric fuel cell cartridge of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の電動による燃料電池用カートリッジの
実施形態の概略回路図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of an electric fuel cell cartridge of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の燃料電池用カートリッジの実施形態に
空気孔を付加した概略構成図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram in which air holes are added to the embodiment of the fuel cell cartridge of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の燃料電池用カートリッジの実施形態に
フィルターを付加した概略構成図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram in which a filter is added to the embodiment of the fuel cell cartridge of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の燃料電池用カートリッジを携帯電話に
接続した概略構成図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram in which the fuel cell cartridge of the present invention is connected to a mobile phone.
１ 燃料電池用カートリッジ ２ Ａ室 ３ Ｂ室 ４ 原料I ５ 原料II ６ 供給口 ７ 排気口 ８ 封し弁 ９ スプリング １０ 電動ポンプ １１ 電極端子 １２ 空気孔 １３ 透湿性防水布 １４ フィルター ２０ ２次電池 1 Fuel cell cartridge 2 Room A Room 3 B 4 Raw material I 5 Raw material II 6 supply ports 7 exhaust port 8 sealed valves 9 springs 10 Electric pump 11 electrode terminals 12 air holes 13 Breathable waterproof cloth 14 filters 20 secondary battery
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 森西 康晴 大阪府大阪市阿倍野区長池町22番22号 シ ャープ株式会社内 (72)発明者 菰田 睦子 大阪府大阪市阿倍野区長池町22番22号 シ ャープ株式会社内 (72)発明者 吉江 智寿 大阪府大阪市阿倍野区長池町22番22号 シ ャープ株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 4B029 AA27 BB02 CC01 5H027 AA02 BA01 DD00 DD03 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Yasuharu Morinishi 22-22 Nagaikecho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Inside the company (72) Inventor Mutsuko Komoda 22-22 Nagaikecho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Inside the company (72) Inventor Tomohisa Yoshie 22-22 Nagaikecho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Inside the company F-term (reference) 4B029 AA27 BB02 CC01 5H027 AA02 BA01 DD00 DD03
Claims (8)
であって、該カートリッジが少なくとも二室を有し、一
方の室には第１の原料を収納し、他方の室には前記第１
の原料と反応して水素を生成し、前記燃料電池に水素を
供給する第２の原料を収納してなることを特徴とする燃
料電池用カートリッジ。1. A cartridge for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell, the cartridge having at least two chambers, one chamber containing a first raw material, and the other chamber containing the first raw material.
A fuel cell cartridge containing a second raw material which reacts with the raw material to produce hydrogen and supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell.
ジにおいて、前記一方の室から第１の原料を前記他方の
室へ任意に供給可能なポンプ機能を備えたことを特徴と
する燃料電池用カートリッジ。2. The fuel cell cartridge according to claim 1, further comprising a pump function capable of arbitrarily supplying the first raw material from the one chamber to the other chamber. cartridge.
ートリッジにおいて、前記一方の室には含酸素炭化水素
化合物水溶液を、前記他方の室には含酸素炭化水素化合
物をエネルギー源として水素を発生する微生物を含む液
体を収納し、前記一方の室と他方の室の間に形成した供
給口から前記含酸素炭化水素化合物水溶液を供給し、該
含酸素炭化水素化合物を基にして前記微生物と反応して
生成した水素を、前記供給口の他方に形成した排気口か
ら取り出すことを特徴とする燃料電池用カートリッジ。3. The fuel cell cartridge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the one chamber contains an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound aqueous solution, and the other chamber contains hydrogen using the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound as an energy source. A liquid containing a microorganism to be generated is stored, the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound aqueous solution is supplied from a supply port formed between the one chamber and the other chamber, and the microorganism is based on the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound. A fuel cell cartridge, wherein hydrogen generated by the reaction is taken out from an exhaust port formed on the other side of the supply port.
ジにおいて、前記排気口付近に前記第１の原料、第２の
原料が前記他方の室から排出されないようにフィルター
を設置することを特徴とする燃料電池用カートリッジ。4. The fuel cell cartridge according to claim 3, wherein a filter is installed near the exhaust port so that the first raw material and the second raw material are not discharged from the other chamber. Fuel Cell Cartridge
ジにおいて、前記微生物が以下の４種の大腸菌Ｅｓｃｈ
ｅｒｉｃｈｉａ ｃｏｌｉ ＭＧ１６５５、Ｃｌｏｓｔ
ｒｉｄｉｕｍ Ｌａｃｔｏａｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌｕｍ、Ｃ
ｌｏｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ Ａｃｔｏｂｕｔｙｌｉｃｕｍ、
Ｃｌｏｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍ Ｂｕｔｙｌｉｃｕｍのうちい
ずれか１つ、またはコリネ菌であることを特徴とする燃
料電池用カートリッジ。5. The fuel cell cartridge according to claim 3, wherein the microorganisms are the following four types of Escherichia coli Esch.
erichia coli MG1655, Clost
ridium lactoacetophilum, C
Lostridium Actobutylicum,
A fuel cell cartridge comprising any one of Clostridium Butyricum or Corynebacterium.
ジにおいて、前記微生物、大腸菌とコリネ菌が、その遺
伝子を組み替え操作して、ギ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、ヒド
ロゲナーゼ、ｔＲＮＡの酵素群を高発現させたことを特
徴とする遺伝子操作菌体を使用することを特徴とする燃
料電池用カートリッジ。6. The fuel cell cartridge according to claim 5, wherein the microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium, have recombined their genes to highly express the enzyme groups of formate dehydrogenase, hydrogenase and tRNA. A cartridge for a fuel cell, which is characterized by using a genetically engineered bacterium.
ートリッジにおいて、前記含酸素炭化水素化合物がギ酸
であることを特徴とする燃料電池用カートリッジ。7. The fuel cell cartridge according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound is formic acid.
ジにおいて、前記ポンプ機能は前記燃料電池で発電され
た電気によって駆動されることを特徴とする燃料電池用
カートリッジ。8. The fuel cell cartridge according to claim 2, wherein the pump function is driven by electricity generated by the fuel cell.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001316197A JP3764862B2 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2001-10-15 | Fuel cell cartridge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001316197A JP3764862B2 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2001-10-15 | Fuel cell cartridge |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003123821A true JP2003123821A (en) | 2003-04-25 |
| JP3764862B2 JP3764862B2 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
Family
ID=19134244
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001316197A Expired - Fee Related JP3764862B2 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2001-10-15 | Fuel cell cartridge |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3764862B2 (en) |
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| JP2009296709A (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2009-12-17 | Toshiba Corp | Mobile terminal |
| US9556211B2 (en) | 2010-11-25 | 2017-01-31 | National University Corporation Okayama University | Metal complex compound, hydrogen production catalyst and hydrogenation reaction catalyst each comprising the metal complex compound, and hydrogen production method and hydrogenation method each using the catalyst |
| WO2012115278A1 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | ソニー株式会社 | Microbial fuel cell, fuel and microbes for said fuel cell, bioreactor and biosensor |
| CN103380527A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2013-10-30 | 索尼公司 | Microbial fuel cell, fuel and microbes for said fuel cell, bioreactor and biosensor |
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