JP2003002907A - Method for producing polymer, dispersing agent and method for carrying out suspension polymerization by using the same - Google Patents

Method for producing polymer, dispersing agent and method for carrying out suspension polymerization by using the same

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Publication number
JP2003002907A
JP2003002907A JP2001192829A JP2001192829A JP2003002907A JP 2003002907 A JP2003002907 A JP 2003002907A JP 2001192829 A JP2001192829 A JP 2001192829A JP 2001192829 A JP2001192829 A JP 2001192829A JP 2003002907 A JP2003002907 A JP 2003002907A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
mass
polymerization
meth
polymer
dispersant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2001192829A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masaki Tokui
正樹 徳井
Hiroki Hatakeyama
宏毅 畠山
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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Application filed by Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
Priority to JP2001192829A priority Critical patent/JP2003002907A/en
Publication of JP2003002907A publication Critical patent/JP2003002907A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a polymer used as a dispersing agent in suspension polymerization excellent in polymerization stability, and a method for carrying out suspension polymerization by using the dispersion agent. SOLUTION: This method for producing a polymer comprises continuously or intermittently feeding methyl (meth) acrylate to an aqueous solution when a monomer composed of 89-10 wt.% (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by formula (I) [wherein R<1> is H or CH3 ; R<2> and R<3> are each H, CH3 or C2 H5 ; X is O, NH or N(CH3 ); M<1> is H, lithium, sodium, potassium or ammonium salt; n is 0-3], 1-40 wt.% (meth) acrylate is polymerized in the homogeneous aqueous solution. This method for carrying out suspension polymerization comprises adding 0.001-5 pts.wt. of the polymer as the dispersing agent and 0.0005-5 pts.wt. electrolyte containing a monovalent, divalent or trivalent cation to 100 pts.wt. vinyl monomer.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、ビニル系単量体の
懸濁重合における分散剤の用途において非常に有用な重
合体を製造する方法、および、これを分散剤として用い
た懸濁重合方法に関する。
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing a polymer which is very useful as a dispersant in the suspension polymerization of vinyl monomers, and a suspension polymerization method using the polymer as a dispersant. Regarding

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来より、アクリル酸エステル、メタク
リル酸エステル等のビニル系単量体を懸濁重合する方法
に関して、多数の提案がなされている。特に、重合中の
懸濁状態を安定に保つための分散剤として各種の物質が
提案されており、そのような分散剤として、例えば、リ
ン酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化アルミニウ
ム、澱粉末シリカ等の水難溶性無機化合物;ポリビニル
アルコール、ポリエチレンオキサイド、セルロース誘導
体等のノニオン系高分子化合物;ポリアクリル酸および
その塩、ポリメタクリル酸およびその塩、メタクリル酸
エステルとメタクリル酸およびその塩との共重合体等の
アニオン系高分子化合物;などが知られている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, many proposals have been made regarding a method of suspension-polymerizing vinyl monomers such as acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester. In particular, various substances have been proposed as dispersants for maintaining a stable suspended state during polymerization, and as such dispersants, for example, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, starch powder silica, etc. Soluble inorganic compounds; nonionic polymer compounds such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide and cellulose derivatives; polyacrylic acid and its salts, polymethacrylic acid and its salts, copolymers of methacrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid and its salts, etc. Anionic polymer compounds are known.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、分散剤
として上述の無機化合物を用いた場合には、懸濁安定性
を維持するために比較的多量の分散剤が必要となり、懸
濁重合により得られる重合体の着色や純度などに問題が
あり、また重合体の洗浄に煩雑な操作が必要となること
が多い。
However, when the above-mentioned inorganic compound is used as the dispersant, a relatively large amount of the dispersant is required to maintain the suspension stability, and it is obtained by suspension polymerization. There are problems in coloration and purity of the polymer, and washing of the polymer often requires a complicated operation.

【0004】また、ノニオン系高分子化合物を用いた場
合にも、多量の分散剤が必要となることから、重合系の
安定性や重合体の着色などに問題が残る。それらの問題
点を解決する手段として、メタクリル酸エステル単量体
の懸濁重合にポリアクリル酸およびその塩やポリメタク
リル酸およびその塩などのアニオン系高分子化合物を分
散剤として用いることが提案されているが、水溶性を付
与する官能基がカルボキシル基であるためpHが酸性側
では分散剤として機能せず、適当な緩衝剤を併用するな
どの必要がある。
Further, even when a nonionic polymer compound is used, a large amount of a dispersant is required, so that problems remain in the stability of the polymerization system and the coloring of the polymer. As a means of solving these problems, it has been proposed to use anionic polymer compounds such as polyacrylic acid and its salts and polymethacrylic acid and its salts as a dispersant for suspension polymerization of methacrylic acid ester monomers. However, since the functional group that imparts water solubility is a carboxyl group, it does not function as a dispersant when the pH is acidic, and it is necessary to use an appropriate buffer agent in combination.

【0005】そのため、上記アニオン系高分子化合物に
pHの影響を受けにくいスルホン酸基等の親水性官能基
を導入する試みがなされている(特公昭51−4387
7号公報、特開平1−168702号公報等)。しかし
ながら、この方法によれば、確かに重合系のpHの影響
を受けにくく着色や純度への影響が低減されるものの、
得られる重合体からなる分散剤の品質については十分と
は言えず、依然として懸濁系の安定性に関して十分な性
能を有しているとは言えない。
Therefore, attempts have been made to introduce a hydrophilic functional group such as a sulfonic acid group, which is hardly affected by pH, into the anionic polymer compound (Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-4387).
No. 7, JP-A-1-168702, etc.). However, according to this method, although it is certainly less affected by the pH of the polymerization system and the influence on coloring and purity is reduced,
The quality of the obtained polymer dispersant cannot be said to be sufficient, and still it cannot be said to have sufficient performance with respect to the stability of the suspension system.

【0006】本発明は、これら従来技術の課題を解決す
べくなされたものである。すなわち本発明の目的は、親
水性を付与するスルホン酸基を側鎖に有する特定構造の
単量体と、カルボキシル基を側鎖に有する特定構造の単
量体と、親油性を付与する特定構造の単量体とを必須成
分とする単量体混合物を、特定条件下で重合することに
より、親水性と疎水性のバランスに優れ、その結果重合
安定性に優れた懸濁重合分散剤として非常に有用な重合
体を製造する方法、および、その重合体を分散剤として
用いた懸濁重合方法を提供することにある。
The present invention has been made to solve these problems of the prior art. That is, the object of the present invention is a monomer having a specific structure having a sulfonic acid group in the side chain to impart hydrophilicity, a monomer having a specific structure having a carboxyl group in the side chain, and a specific structure imparting lipophilicity By polymerizing a monomer mixture containing the above-mentioned monomer as an essential component under specific conditions, it is excellent as a suspension polymerization dispersant with an excellent balance of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, resulting in excellent polymerization stability. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a polymer useful for the above, and a suspension polymerization method using the polymer as a dispersant.

【0007】[0007]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、上記課題を
解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、重合速度が大きく異なる
イオン性単量体とノニオン性単量体を含む3種の特定単
量体を特定組成で重合する際に、比較的重合速度が速い
ノニオン性単量体の全部あるいは一部を重合中の水溶液
系に連続的あるいは断続的に添加すること、および全て
の単量体が溶解する均一水溶液中で重合を行うことによ
り、親水性と疎水性のバランスに優れた分散剤用重合体
が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has found that three types of specific monomers including an ionic monomer and a nonionic monomer having greatly different polymerization rates. When polymerizing with a specific composition, all or part of the nonionic monomer, which has a relatively high polymerization rate, must be added continuously or intermittently to the aqueous system during polymerization, and all monomers should dissolve. It was found that a polymer for a dispersant having an excellent balance of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity can be obtained by carrying out the polymerization in a uniform aqueous solution, and thus completed the present invention.

【0008】すなわち本発明は、下記一般式(I)That is, the present invention provides the following general formula (I)

【0009】[0009]

【化6】 [Chemical 6]

【0010】(式中、R1はHまたはCH3を、R2およ
びR3はH、CH3、またはC25を、Xは−O−、−N
H−、または−N(CH3)−を、M1はH、リチウム、
ナトリウム、カリウム、またはアンモニウム塩を、nは
0〜3の整数を示す。)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸
誘導体89〜10質量%と、下記一般式(II)
(Wherein R 1 is H or CH 3 , R 2 and R 3 are H, CH 3 , or C 2 H 5 , and X is —O—, —N
H-, or -N (CH 3) - a, M 1 is H, Li,
Sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt is shown, and n shows the integer of 0-3. (Meth) acrylic acid derivative 89-10 mass% represented by the following general formula (II)

【0011】[0011]

【化7】 [Chemical 7]

【0012】(式中、R4はHまたはCH3を、M2
H、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、またはアンモニ
ウム塩を示す。)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体
1〜40質量%と、下記一般式(III)
(Wherein R 4 represents H or CH 3 , and M 2 represents H, lithium, sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt) and 1 to 40% by mass of a (meth) acrylic acid derivative. , The following general formula (III)

【0013】[0013]

【化8】 [Chemical 8]

【0014】(式中、R5はHまたはCH3を、R6は炭
素数1〜12のアルキル基を示す。)で表される(メ
タ)アクリル酸エステル10〜50質量%とからなる単
量体混合物を、均一水溶液中で重合するに際し、使用す
る一般式(III)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸エステ
ルの全部あるいは一部を、重合中の水溶液系に連続的あ
るいは断続的に添加する重合体の製造方法、及びその重
合体からなる分散剤である。
(Wherein R 5 represents H or CH 3 , and R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms), and 10 to 50% by mass of (meth) acrylic acid ester. When the monomer mixture is polymerized in a homogeneous aqueous solution, all or part of the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (III) used is continuously or intermittently added to the aqueous system during the polymerization. And a dispersant comprising the polymer.

【0015】さらに本発明は、ビニル系単量体の懸濁重
合を行うにあたり、該ビニル系単量体100質量部に対
して、本発明の分散剤0.001〜5質量部、ならび
に、一価のカチオンを有する電解質および/または二価
あるいは三価のカチオンを有する電解質0.0005〜
5質量部を添加することを特徴とする懸濁重合方法であ
る。
Further, in carrying out suspension polymerization of the vinyl-based monomer, the present invention further comprises 0.001 to 5 parts by weight of the dispersant of the present invention and 100 parts by weight of the vinyl-based monomer. Electrolyte having divalent cation and / or electrolyte having divalent or trivalent cation 0.0005 to
The suspension polymerization method is characterized by adding 5 parts by mass.

【0016】なお、本発明において「(メタ)アクリ
ル」は、アクリルとメタクリルの総称である。また、本
発明においては分散剤に好適な共重合体を、便宜的に重
合体と称する。
In the present invention, "(meth) acrylic" is a general term for acrylic and methacrylic. Further, in the present invention, a copolymer suitable as a dispersant is referred to as a polymer for convenience.

【0017】[0017]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明の重合体は、前記一般式(I)で表される(メ
タ)アクリル酸誘導体と、前記一般式(II)で表される
(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体と、前記一般式(III)で表
される(メタ)アクリル酸エステルとからなる単量体混
合物を、均一水溶液中で重合するに際し、使用する一般
式(III)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸エステルの全
部あるいは一部を重合中の水溶液系に連続的あるいは断
続的に添加して得られる。このように、重合速度が大き
く異なるイオン性単量体とノニオン性単量体を共重合す
るにあたり、比較的重合速度が速いノニオン性単量体の
全部あるいは一部を重合中の水溶液系に連続的あるいは
断続的に添加することにより、親水性および疎水性のバ
ランスに優れた重合体が得られる。
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below.
The polymer of the present invention comprises the (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (I), the (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (II), and the general formula (III). When a monomer mixture consisting of the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the formula (3) is polymerized in a uniform aqueous solution, all or part of the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (III) used is polymerized. It is obtained by continuous or intermittent addition to the aqueous solution system. Thus, in copolymerizing ionic monomers and nonionic monomers having greatly different polymerization rates, all or part of the relatively fast polymerization nonionic monomers is continuously added to the aqueous system during polymerization. A polymer having an excellent balance of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity can be obtained by adding it intermittently or intermittently.

【0018】一般式(I)で表される(メタ)アクリル
酸誘導体としては、具体的には各種の単量体が挙げられ
るが、それら(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体は一種を単独で
使用してもよいし、二種以上を併用してもよい。特に、
メタクリル酸2−スルホエチルのナトリウム塩またはカ
リウム塩、メタクリル酸2−スルホプロピルのナトリウ
ム塩またはカリウム塩等が好ましい。
Specific examples of the (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (I) include various monomers, and these (meth) acrylic acid derivatives may be used alone. Or two or more kinds may be used in combination. In particular,
The sodium salt or potassium salt of 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate and the sodium salt or potassium salt of 2-sulfopropyl methacrylate are preferable.

【0019】使用する単量体混合物中、一般式(I)で
表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体の割合は89〜10
質量%である。これが89質量%を超えると、得られる
重合体の親水性が過多になり、これを分散剤として懸濁
重合に使用した場合、生成する懸濁粒子の粒度分布がブ
ロードとなると共に多量の乳化粒子が生成し、廃液処理
に支障をきたすなどの問題が生じる場合がある。また、
これが10質量%未満であると、得られる重合体の親水
性が不足し、これを分散剤として使用すると懸濁系が不
安定となり、生成する懸濁粒子の粒度分布がブロードと
なると共に粗大粒子およびカレットが多量に生成し、場
合によっては懸濁系が固化に至る。さらに、この割合
は、85〜25質量%であることが好ましく、80〜3
5質量%であることがより好ましい。
The proportion of the (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (I) in the monomer mixture used is 89 to 10.
It is% by mass. When it exceeds 89% by mass, the hydrophilicity of the resulting polymer becomes excessive, and when this is used as a dispersant in suspension polymerization, the resulting suspension particles have a broad particle size distribution and a large amount of emulsified particles. May be generated, which may cause problems such as hindering the waste liquid treatment. Also,
If this content is less than 10% by mass, the hydrophilicity of the polymer obtained will be insufficient, and if this is used as a dispersant, the suspension system will become unstable and the particle size distribution of the resulting suspended particles will become broad and coarse particles will be present. And a large amount of cullet is formed, and in some cases, the suspension system is solidified. Further, this proportion is preferably 85 to 25% by mass, and 80 to 3
It is more preferably 5% by mass.

【0020】一般式(II)で表される(メタ)アクリル
酸誘導体の好適な具体例としては、アクリル酸ナトリウ
ム、アクリル酸カリウム、メタクリル酸ナトリウム、メ
タクリル酸カリウム等が挙げられる。使用する単量体混
合物中、一般式(II)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘
導体の割合は1〜40質量%である。これが40質量%
を超えると、得られる重合体の分散剤性能のpH依存性
が大きくなり、低pHおよびpH変化を伴う懸濁重合に
使用することが困難となる。また、これが1質量%未満
であると、得られる重合体の分散剤の組成分布が大きく
なり、これを分散剤として懸濁重合に使用した場合、多
量の乳化粒子が生成すると共に、実質的に分散剤として
機能する割合が低下し、懸濁系を安定に維持することが
できなくなり、場合によっては懸濁系が固化に至る。さ
らに、この割合は2〜30質量%であることが好まし
く、3〜25質量%であることがより好ましい。
Specific preferred examples of the (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (II) include sodium acrylate, potassium acrylate, sodium methacrylate, potassium methacrylate and the like. The proportion of the (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (II) in the monomer mixture used is 1 to 40% by mass. This is 40% by mass
When it exceeds, the pH dependency of the dispersant performance of the obtained polymer becomes large, and it becomes difficult to use it for suspension polymerization accompanied by low pH and pH change. Further, when this is less than 1% by mass, the composition distribution of the dispersant of the obtained polymer becomes large, and when this is used for suspension polymerization as a dispersant, a large amount of emulsified particles are produced and substantially The rate of functioning as a dispersant decreases, it becomes impossible to stably maintain the suspension system, and in some cases, the suspension system solidifies. Further, this ratio is preferably 2 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 3 to 25% by mass.

【0021】一般式(III)で表される(メタ)アクリ
ル酸エステルの好適な具体例としては、アクリル酸メチ
ル、アクリル酸ブチル、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリ
ル酸エチル等が挙げられる。使用する単量体混合物中、
一般式(III)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸エステル
の割合は10〜50質量%である。これが50質量%を
超えると、得られる重合体の親水性が不足し、実質的に
分散剤として機能しない。また、これが10質量%未満
であると、得られる重合体の親油性が不足し、これを分
散剤として懸濁重合に使用した場合、多量の乳化粒子が
生成すると共に、場合によっては懸濁系が不安定となり
固化に至る。さらに、この割合は13〜45質量%であ
ることが好ましく、17〜40質量%であることがより
好ましい。また、一般式(III)で表される(メタ)ア
クリル酸エステルがメタクリル酸メチルであることが好
ましく、重合開始から終了までの間、水溶液中のメタク
リル酸メチルの濃度を1.5質量%以下に保つことも好
ましい。
Preferable specific examples of the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (III) include methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and the like. In the monomer mixture used,
The proportion of the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (III) is 10 to 50% by mass. If this content exceeds 50% by mass, the hydrophilicity of the obtained polymer will be insufficient, and the polymer will not substantially function as a dispersant. On the other hand, if it is less than 10% by mass, the lipophilicity of the obtained polymer is insufficient, and when this is used as a dispersant in suspension polymerization, a large amount of emulsified particles are produced and, in some cases, a suspension system. Becomes unstable and solidifies. Further, this ratio is preferably 13 to 45% by mass, and more preferably 17 to 40% by mass. Further, the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (III) is preferably methyl methacrylate, and the concentration of methyl methacrylate in the aqueous solution is 1.5% by mass or less from the start to the end of the polymerization. It is also preferable to keep

【0022】本発明の重合体を得る為の重合は、実質的
に均一な水溶液中で行うことが必要である。有機溶媒あ
るいは有機溶媒と水との混合溶媒中で重合を行うと、均
一溶液中での重合、各単量体の重合速度比、本発明の重
合体の組成などのバランスをとることが困難となり、分
散剤として優れた性能を示す重合体は得られない。さら
に、これを水系懸濁重合の分散剤として使用する為に
は、その有機溶媒あるいは有機溶媒と水を除去する為の
煩雑な操作が必要となり、工程が煩雑になるなどの問題
も生じる。より具体的には、本発明の重合体を得る為の
重合において、重合開始から終了まで均一な水溶液系を
保つことが必要なことから、一般式(III)で表される
(メタ)アクリル酸エステルの溶解度、さらに場合によ
っては、一般式(I)または(II)で表される(メタ)
アクリル酸誘導体の溶解度を考慮して重合を行うことが
必要となる。均一な重合系を保てない場合には、親油性
および親水性のバランスが偏った重合体が得られる割合
が増加し、実質的に分散剤として機能しなくなる。
The polymerization for obtaining the polymer of the present invention needs to be carried out in a substantially homogeneous aqueous solution. When polymerization is performed in an organic solvent or a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and water, it becomes difficult to balance the polymerization in a homogeneous solution, the polymerization rate ratio of each monomer, the composition of the polymer of the present invention, and the like. However, a polymer showing excellent performance as a dispersant cannot be obtained. Furthermore, in order to use this as a dispersant for aqueous suspension polymerization, a complicated operation for removing the organic solvent or the organic solvent and water is required, which causes a problem that the process becomes complicated. More specifically, in the polymerization for obtaining the polymer of the present invention, it is necessary to maintain a uniform aqueous solution system from the start to the end of the polymerization. Therefore, the (meth) acrylic acid represented by the general formula (III) is used. The solubility of the ester, and in some cases, the (meta) represented by the general formula (I) or (II)
It is necessary to carry out the polymerization in consideration of the solubility of the acrylic acid derivative. When a uniform polymerization system cannot be maintained, the proportion of a polymer in which the lipophilicity and the hydrophilicity are imbalanced is increased, and the polymer does not substantially function as a dispersant.

【0023】本発明の重合体を得る為の重合において、
単量体相と水相との質量比は、1/2〜1/25である
ことが好ましい。単量体相の比率が1/2以下であれ
ば、均一水溶液中での重合における単量体濃度の制限が
比較的小さくなり、得られる重合体の組成の自由度が高
くなり、かつ水溶液粘度も適度に低くなり、単量体の拡
散速度や共重合速度への影響も小さい。また、単量体相
の比率が1/25以上であれば、生産性、経済性の点か
ら有利である。さらに、この質量比は1/3〜1/20
であることがより好ましく、1/4〜1/15であるこ
とが特に好ましい。
In the polymerization to obtain the polymer of the present invention,
The mass ratio of the monomer phase to the aqueous phase is preferably 1/2 to 1/25. If the ratio of the monomer phase is 1/2 or less, the restriction on the monomer concentration in the polymerization in a homogeneous aqueous solution becomes relatively small, the degree of freedom in the composition of the obtained polymer becomes high, and the viscosity of the aqueous solution becomes high. Also becomes moderately low, and the influence on the monomer diffusion rate and copolymerization rate is small. Further, when the ratio of the monomer phase is 1/25 or more, it is advantageous in terms of productivity and economy. Furthermore, this mass ratio is 1/3 to 1/20
Is more preferable, and 1/4 to 1/15 is particularly preferable.

【0024】本発明の重合体を得る為の重合において
は、ノニオン性単量体である一般式(III)で表される
(メタ)アクリル酸エステルの全部あるいは一部を、単
独であるいは他の単量体との混合物として、重合中の水
溶液系に、連続的あるいは断続的に添加する。一般に、
イオン性単量体のラジカル重合速度はノニオン性単量体
のラジカル重合速度と比較して非常に遅いので、イオン
性単量体およびノニオン性単量体を一括で水溶液系に仕
込み重合を開始した場合、非常に組成分布が大きく、親
水性と疎水性のバランスが悪い重合体が生成する傾向に
ある。このような親水性と疎水性のバランスが悪い重合
体は、分散剤として懸濁重合に用いた場合、優れた懸濁
安定性を発現することができない。
In the polymerization for obtaining the polymer of the present invention, all or part of the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (III) which is a nonionic monomer may be used alone or in another. As a mixture with a monomer, it is continuously or intermittently added to an aqueous solution system during polymerization. In general,
The radical polymerization rate of ionic monomers is very slow compared to the radical polymerization rate of nonionic monomers, so ionic monomers and nonionic monomers were batch-charged into an aqueous solution system to initiate polymerization. In this case, a polymer having a very large composition distribution and a poor balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity tends to be produced. Such a polymer having a poor balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity cannot exhibit excellent suspension stability when used as a dispersant in suspension polymerization.

【0025】重合中の溶液系に連続的あるいは断続的に
添加するノニオン性単量体の割合は、用いるノニオン性
単量体の種類およびイオン性単量体の種類、また、それ
ぞれの単量体の共重合量により異なるが、ノニオン性単
量体の全使用量100質量部に対し、20〜80質量部
であることが好ましく、30〜70質量部であることが
より好ましい。
The proportion of the nonionic monomer added continuously or intermittently to the solution system during the polymerization is determined by the types of the nonionic monomer and the ionic monomer used, and the respective monomers. The amount is preferably 20 to 80 parts by mass, and more preferably 30 to 70 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the nonionic monomer, although it varies depending on the copolymerization amount.

【0026】本発明の重合体を得る為の重合において
は、特定範囲内のpHの水溶液中で重合を行うことが好
ましい。例えば、一般式(II)で表される(メタ)アク
リル酸誘導体のpKaは、一般的に4〜5程度なので、
水溶液のpHは5.5〜8程度であることが好ましい。
このpHが5.5以上であれば、水溶液のpHの振れに
よる一般式(II)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体
の解離割合の変動が小さくなり、再現性よく同一品質の
重合体が得られ、かつ得られる重合体水溶液は高粘度に
ならず、これを分散剤として懸濁重合に用いた場合、重
合系が安定し、固化し難い。また、このpHが8以下で
あれば、単量体の加水分解反応が起こり難くなる。さら
に、このpHは5.8〜7.5であることがより好まし
く、6〜7であることが特に好ましい。
In the polymerization for obtaining the polymer of the present invention, it is preferable to carry out the polymerization in an aqueous solution having a pH within a specific range. For example, the pKa of the (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (II) is generally about 4 to 5,
The pH of the aqueous solution is preferably about 5.5-8.
When the pH is 5.5 or more, the fluctuation of the dissociation ratio of the (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (II) due to the fluctuation of the pH of the aqueous solution becomes small, and a polymer having the same quality with good reproducibility is obtained. The obtained polymer aqueous solution does not have a high viscosity, and when this is used as a dispersant for suspension polymerization, the polymerization system is stable and hard to solidify. Further, if the pH is 8 or less, the hydrolysis reaction of the monomer becomes difficult to occur. Furthermore, this pH is more preferably 5.8 to 7.5, and particularly preferably 6 to 7.

【0027】本発明の重合体を得る為に用いる重合開始
剤は、特に制限されず、水に可溶なビニル系化合物の重
合に利用可能なことが知られている各種の重合開始剤を
用いることができる。具体例として、過硫酸塩、過ホウ
酸塩、過炭酸塩等の水溶性無機化合物を単独で、あるい
はこれらと水溶性還元剤とを組み合わせたレドックス系
重合開始剤、もしくは過酸化水素やヒドロペルオキシド
と還元剤とを組み合わせたレドックス系重合開始剤、そ
の他、2,2'−アゾビス(2−メチルプロピオンアミジ
ン)二塩酸塩、2,2'−アゾビス{2−メチル−N−
[2−(1−ヒドロキシブチル)]−プロピオンアミ
ド}等の(水溶性)アゾ化合物などが挙げられる。重合
開始剤は、単量体混合物100質量部に対して0.00
5〜5質量部用いることが好ましい。また、重合開始剤
の他に、例えば、重合度を調節する目的でメルカプタン
等の連鎖移動剤を添加することもできる。具体的には、
メルカプトエタノール等の水溶性メルカプタンを用いる
ことができる。連鎖移動剤の使用量は、単量体混合物1
00質量部に対して0〜3質量部程度が好ましい。
The polymerization initiator used to obtain the polymer of the present invention is not particularly limited, and various polymerization initiators known to be applicable to the polymerization of water-soluble vinyl compounds are used. be able to. As a specific example, a water-soluble inorganic compound such as persulfate, perborate, or percarbonate alone or a redox-based polymerization initiator in which these are combined with a water-soluble reducing agent, or hydrogen peroxide or hydroperoxide. And a reducing agent in combination with a redox polymerization initiator, and other 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis {2-methyl-N-
Examples include (water-soluble) azo compounds such as [2- (1-hydroxybutyl)]-propionamide}. The polymerization initiator is 0.00 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer mixture.
It is preferable to use 5 to 5 parts by mass. In addition to the polymerization initiator, for example, a chain transfer agent such as mercaptan may be added for the purpose of controlling the degree of polymerization. In particular,
Water-soluble mercaptans such as mercaptoethanol can be used. The amount of the chain transfer agent used is the monomer mixture 1
About 0 to 3 parts by mass is preferable with respect to 00 parts by mass.

【0028】重合温度は、一般に30〜120℃の範囲
で任意に選択することができ、またレドックス系重合開
始剤を用いる場合には、室温あるいはそれ以下の温度で
も重合を行うことができる。
Generally, the polymerization temperature can be arbitrarily selected within the range of 30 to 120 ° C. When the redox type polymerization initiator is used, the polymerization can be carried out at room temperature or lower temperature.

【0029】上述のような方法で得られる本発明の重合
体の粘度に関しては、重合体の10質量%水溶液の粘度
が25℃で200〜3000mPa・sであることが好
ましい。この粘度が3000mPa・s以下であれば、
その重合体を分散剤として懸濁重合に用いた場合、懸濁
系が安定し、固化し難い傾向にある。また、200mP
a・s以上であれば、その重合体を分散剤として懸濁重
合に用いた場合、懸濁粒子表面の斥力が十分であり、乳
化粉量が適度に抑制され、粗大粒子およびカレット生成
量が抑制され、固化し難い傾向にある。この粘度は、さ
らに、250〜2500mPa・sであることが好まし
く、300〜2000mPa・sであることが特に好ま
しい。
Regarding the viscosity of the polymer of the present invention obtained by the above method, the viscosity of a 10% by mass aqueous solution of the polymer is preferably 200 to 3000 mPa · s at 25 ° C. If this viscosity is 3000 mPa · s or less,
When the polymer is used as a dispersant in suspension polymerization, the suspension system tends to be stable and hard to solidify. Also, 200 mP
If it is a · s or more, when the polymer is used as a dispersant in suspension polymerization, the repulsive force on the surface of the suspended particles is sufficient, the amount of the emulsified powder is appropriately suppressed, and the amount of coarse particles and cullet produced is It tends to be suppressed and hard to solidify. This viscosity is further preferably 250 to 2500 mPa · s, and particularly preferably 300 to 2000 mPa · s.

【0030】以上説明した本発明の重合体、すなわち、
一般式(I)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体と、
一般式(II)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体と、
一般式(III)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸エステル
とからなる単量体混合物を重合するに際し、一般式(II
I)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸エステルの全部ある
いは一部を重合中の水溶液系に連続的あるいは断続的に
添加して得られる本発明の重合体は、懸濁重合の分散剤
として非常に有用である。
The polymer of the present invention described above, that is,
A (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (I),
A (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (II),
In polymerizing a monomer mixture consisting of the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (III), the general formula (II
The polymer of the present invention obtained by continuously or intermittently adding all or part of the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by I) to the aqueous solution during polymerization is extremely useful as a dispersant for suspension polymerization. Useful for.

【0031】すなわち本発明の懸濁重合方法は、本発明
の重合体を分散剤として使用して、所望のビニル系単量
体を懸濁重合する方法である。分散剤(本発明の重合
体)の添加量は、懸濁重合すべきビニル系単量体100
質量部あたり、0.001〜5質量部である。この添加
量が0.001質量部未満では、懸濁系を安定に維持す
ることができない。また、5質量部を超えると、懸濁系
は安定に維持できるが多量に添加した割には分散効果は
それほど増大せず、逆に懸濁重合で製造するポリマー中
の分散剤残存量が増加し、ポリマーの透明性や加熱成形
時の着色等に影響を及ぼす場合があり、かつ経済的にも
得策ではない。この添加量は、さらに、0.003〜3
質量部であることが好ましく、0.005〜1質量部で
あることが特に好ましい。
That is, the suspension polymerization method of the present invention is a method of suspension polymerizing a desired vinyl monomer using the polymer of the present invention as a dispersant. The amount of the dispersant (polymer of the present invention) added is 100% of the vinyl monomer to be suspension polymerized.
It is 0.001 to 5 parts by mass per part by mass. If the amount added is less than 0.001 part by mass, the suspension system cannot be stably maintained. When it exceeds 5 parts by mass, the suspension system can be stably maintained, but the dispersion effect does not increase so much even if a large amount is added, and conversely the amount of the dispersant remaining in the polymer produced by suspension polymerization increases. However, it may affect the transparency of the polymer and coloring during heat molding, and is not economically advantageous. This addition amount is 0.003 to 3
It is preferably part by mass, particularly preferably 0.005 to 1 part by mass.

【0032】本発明の懸濁重合方法においては、分散剤
(本発明の重合体)と共に、分散安定助剤として、一価
のカチオンを有する電解質、および/または、二価ある
いは三価のカチオンを有する電解質を添加する。このよ
うな電解質を添加することによって、懸濁系をより安定
化できる。一価のカチオンを有する電解質としては、例
えば、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金
属のカチオンやアンモニウムイオンの塩酸塩、硫酸塩、
リン酸塩、ホウ酸塩、炭素数1〜4の低級カルボン酸
塩、脂肪族または芳香族スルホン酸塩等が挙げられる。
二価あるいは三価のカチオンを有する電解質としては、
例えば、マグネシウム、カルシウム、マンガン、亜鉛、
銅、ニッケル、鉄、アルミニウム等の金属のカチオンの
塩酸塩、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、ホウ酸塩、炭素数1〜4の
低級カルボン酸塩、脂肪族または芳香族スルホン酸塩等
が挙げられる。電解質の添加量は、懸濁重合すべきビニ
ル系単量体100質量部あたり、0.0005〜5質量
部であり、0.005〜3質量部であることが好まし
く、0.01〜2質量部であることがより好ましい。
In the suspension polymerization method of the present invention, an electrolyte having a monovalent cation and / or a divalent or trivalent cation is used as a dispersion stabilizing aid together with a dispersant (polymer of the present invention). Add the electrolyte that you have. By adding such an electrolyte, the suspension system can be more stabilized. Examples of the electrolyte having a monovalent cation include, for example, cations of alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium, and hydrochlorides and ammonium salts of ammonium ions,
Examples thereof include phosphates, borates, lower carboxylates having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and aliphatic or aromatic sulfonates.
As the electrolyte having a divalent or trivalent cation,
For example, magnesium, calcium, manganese, zinc,
Examples include cation hydrochlorides, sulfates, phosphates, borates, lower carboxylates having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and aliphatic or aromatic sulfonates of cations of metals such as copper, nickel, iron, and aluminum. . The amount of the electrolyte added is 0.0005 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.005 to 3 parts by mass, and 0.01 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the vinyl-based monomer to be suspension-polymerized. It is more preferably part.

【0033】本発明の重合体を分散剤として使用する限
り、電解質を添加しない系でも十分安定に懸濁系を維持
できる場合が多いが、系によっては不安定となる場合が
ある。また、その電解質の添加量が5質量部を超えた場
合には、懸濁系が不安定になる傾向を示すと共に、その
残存量が懸濁重合により得られる重合体の品質に悪影響
を及ぼす場合が多い。
As long as the polymer of the present invention is used as a dispersant, a suspension system can be often maintained sufficiently stably even in a system without addition of an electrolyte, but it may be unstable in some systems. When the amount of the electrolyte added exceeds 5 parts by mass, the suspension system tends to become unstable, and the remaining amount adversely affects the quality of the polymer obtained by suspension polymerization. There are many.

【0034】本発明の重合体を分散剤として用いた懸濁
重合においては、必要に応じて他の分散剤を併用しても
よい。他の分散剤としては、例えば、下記一般式(IV)
In the suspension polymerization using the polymer of the present invention as a dispersant, another dispersant may be used in combination if necessary. Other dispersants include, for example, the following general formula (IV)

【0035】[0035]

【化9】 [Chemical 9]

【0036】(式中R7はHまたはCH3を、M3はH、
リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、またはアンモニウム
塩を示す。)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体30
〜90質量%と、下記一般式(V)
(Wherein R 7 is H or CH 3 , M 3 is H,
Indicates a lithium, sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt. ) A (meth) acrylic acid derivative 30 represented by
~ 90 mass% and the following general formula (V)

【0037】[0037]

【化10】 [Chemical 10]

【0038】(式中、R8はHまたはCH3を、R9は炭
素数1〜12のアルキル基を示す。)で表される(メ
タ)アクリル酸エステル10〜70質量%からなる単量
体混合物をラジカル重合して得られる共重合体が挙げら
れる。
(In the formula, R 8 represents H or CH 3 , and R 9 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.) A unit amount consisting of 10 to 70% by mass of a (meth) acrylic ester. The copolymer obtained by radically polymerizing a body mixture is mentioned.

【0039】一般式(IV)で表される(メタ)アクリル
酸誘導体としては、具体的には各種の単量体が挙げられ
る。それら(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体は一種を単独で使
用してもよいし、二種以上を併用してもよい。特に、メ
タクリル酸のナトリウム塩またはカリウム塩等が好まし
い。一般式(V)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸エステ
ルについても同様に、一種を単独で使用してもよいし、
二種以上を併用してもよい。特に、メタクリル酸メチ
ル、メタクリル酸エチル等が好ましい。
Specific examples of the (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (IV) include various monomers. These (meth) acrylic acid derivatives may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In particular, sodium salt or potassium salt of methacrylic acid is preferable. Similarly, for the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (V), one kind may be used alone,
You may use 2 or more types together. Particularly, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and the like are preferable.

【0040】本発明の懸濁重合方法において、上述のよ
うな一般式(IV)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体
および一般式(V)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸エス
テルから得られる共重合体と、一価のカチオンを有する
電解質および/または二価あるいは三価のカチオンを有
する電解質とを添加することにより、さらに懸濁系を安
定化できる場合が多い。この場合、懸濁重合すべき単量
体100質量部あたり、共重合体の添加量は0.001
〜5質量部が好ましく、電解質の添加量は0.0005
〜5質量部であることが好ましい。
In the suspension polymerization method of the present invention, it is obtained from the (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (IV) and the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (V) as described above. In many cases, the suspension system can be further stabilized by adding a copolymer and an electrolyte having a monovalent cation and / or an electrolyte having a divalent or trivalent cation. In this case, the amount of the copolymer added was 0.001 per 100 parts by weight of the monomer to be suspension-polymerized.
The amount of the electrolyte added is 0.0005.
It is preferably from 5 to 5 parts by mass.

【0041】本発明の重合体を分散剤として用いて懸濁
重合できるビニル系単量体としては、ラジカル重合可能
なものであれば特に制限はない。また、2種以上のビニ
ル系単量体を用いて共重合してもよい。ビニル系単量体
の具体例としては、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸
エチル、メタクリル酸プロピル、メタクリル酸ブチル、
メタクリル酸イソブチル、メタクリル酸t−ブチル、メ
タクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル、メタクリル酸シクロヘ
キシル、メタクリル酸フェニル、メタクリル酸ベンジ
ル、メタクリル酸トリフルオロエチル、メタクリル酸ト
リシクロ[5,2,1,02,6]デカ−8−イル等のメタク
リル酸エステル類;アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチ
ル、アクリル酸プロピル、アクリル酸ブチル、アクリル
酸イソブチル、アクリル酸t−ブチル、アクリル酸2−
エチルヘキシル、アクリル酸ベンジル等のアクリル酸エ
ステル類;スチレン、ビニルトルエン、α−メチルスチ
レン等の芳香族ビニル化合物;N−シクロヘキシルマレ
イミド、N−イソプロピルマレイミド、N−フェニルマ
レイミド等のN−置換マレイミド類;アクリロニトリ
ル、メタクリロニトリル等のシアン化ビニル類;などが
挙げられる。特に、(メタ)アクリル酸エステルを主成
分(50質量%以上)とする単量体の懸濁重合におい
て、懸濁系を安定に維持するという本発明の重合体(分
散剤)の効果が顕著になる。
The vinyl monomer which can be suspension-polymerized by using the polymer of the present invention as a dispersant is not particularly limited as long as it is radical-polymerizable. Moreover, you may copolymerize using 2 or more types of vinyl type monomers. Specific examples of the vinyl-based monomer include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate,
Isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, trifluoroethyl methacrylate, tricyclo [5,2,1,0 2,6 ] deca Methacrylic acid esters such as -8-yl; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-acrylic acid acrylate
Acrylic esters such as ethylhexyl and benzyl acrylate; Aromatic vinyl compounds such as styrene, vinyltoluene and α-methylstyrene; N-substituted maleimides such as N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-isopropylmaleimide and N-phenylmaleimide; Vinyl cyanides such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; and the like. In particular, the effect of the polymer (dispersing agent) of the present invention that the suspension system is stably maintained is remarkable in suspension polymerization of a monomer containing a (meth) acrylic acid ester as a main component (50% by mass or more). become.

【0042】本発明の重合体を分散剤として用いた懸濁
重合において、使用する重合開始剤については特に制限
は無く、従来よりビニル系単量体の重合に使用可能なも
のとして知られている各種の重合開始剤を用いることが
できる。その具体例としては、2,2'−アゾビスイソブ
チロニトリル、2,2'−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバ
レロニトリル)等のアゾ系重合開始剤;ベンゾイルパー
オキサイド、ラウロイルパーオキサイド、t−ブチルパ
ーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート等の有機過酸化物
系重合開始剤;などが挙げられる。
In the suspension polymerization using the polymer of the present invention as a dispersant, the polymerization initiator to be used is not particularly limited, and it has been conventionally known that it can be used for the polymerization of vinyl monomers. Various polymerization initiators can be used. Specific examples thereof include azo-based polymerization initiators such as 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile and 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile); benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t An organic peroxide-based polymerization initiator such as butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate; and the like.

【0043】懸濁重合を行う際の単量体相と水相との質
量比は、一般的に、1/1〜1/10が好ましく、1/
1.2〜1/5がより好ましく、1/1.4〜1/3が特
に好ましい。
In the suspension polymerization, the mass ratio of the monomer phase and the aqueous phase is generally preferably 1/1 to 1/10, and 1/1.
1.2 to 1/5 is more preferable, and 1 / 1.4 to 1/3 is particularly preferable.

【0044】本発明の重合体を分散剤として用いた懸濁
重合においては、さらに、所望に応じて公知の添加剤、
例えば、染料、顔料等の着色剤、可塑剤、離型剤、紫外
線吸収剤等の光安定剤などを添加することも可能であ
る。
In the suspension polymerization using the polymer of the present invention as a dispersant, known additives may be further added, if desired.
For example, it is possible to add colorants such as dyes and pigments, plasticizers, release agents, and light stabilizers such as ultraviolet absorbers.

【0045】[0045]

【実施例】以下、実施例により本発明を更に詳しく説明
するが、本発明はこれら実施例によって制限されるもの
ではない。また、実施例および比較例における物性の評
価は、以下に示す方法で実施した。
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, the evaluation of physical properties in Examples and Comparative Examples was performed by the methods described below.

【0046】(1)分散剤水溶液の粘度:25℃に調整
した重合体の10質量%水溶液における粘度を、ブルッ
クフィールド粘度計(B型粘度計)を用いて測定した。
(1) Viscosity of Dispersant Aqueous Solution: The viscosity of a polymer adjusted to 25 ° C. in a 10 mass% aqueous solution was measured using a Brookfield viscometer (B-type viscometer).

【0047】(2)メタクリル酸メチルの残存モノマー
量:(株)島津製作所製ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC
−8A)を用いて、常法により測定した。
(2) Amount of residual methyl methacrylate monomer: Gas chromatography (GC, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)
It was measured by a conventional method using -8A).

【0048】(3)ビーズの質量平均粒子径:懸濁重合
後のスラリーの粒度分布を、レーザー回折/散乱式粒度
分布測定装置[(株)堀場製作所製、LA−910]を用
いて測定した。
(3) Mass average particle diameter of beads: The particle size distribution of the slurry after suspension polymerization was measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer [LA-910, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.]. .

【0049】(4)重合廃液中の乳化粒子質量(100
μmパス分):懸濁重合後のスラリーを、目開き100
μmのナイロンメッシュにて濾過し、その濾液を蒸発乾
固し、得られた残存量を対仕込み単量体質量%として算
出した。
(4) Weight of emulsified particles in polymerization waste liquid (100
(μm pass): The slurry after suspension polymerization is opened 100
The mixture was filtered through a μm nylon mesh, the filtrate was evaporated to dryness, and the obtained residual amount was calculated as the mass% of charged monomers.

【0050】(5)粗大粒子の生成量:100μmのナ
イロンメッシュにて捕捉した重合体を乾燥し、目開き1
400μmの篩にて篩別し、そのon分の重合体粒子質
量を対仕込み単量体質量%として算出した。
(5) Amount of coarse particles produced: The polymer trapped with a nylon mesh of 100 μm was dried and the mesh size was 1
The particles were sieved with a 400 μm sieve, and the mass of polymer particles corresponding to the on was calculated as the mass% of charged monomers.

【0051】[実施例1]メタクリル酸2−スルホエチ
ルナトリウム165g、メタクリル酸カリウム25g、
メタクリル酸メチル30g、脱イオン水2250gを、
内容積3000mlのコンデンサーを備えたセパラブル
フラスコ中で窒素雰囲気下に攪拌しながら50℃に昇温
し、過硫酸アンモニウム0.25gを添加して60℃に
昇温した。過硫酸アンモニウムを添加したと同時に滴下
ポンプを使用し、0.4g/分の速度でメタクリル酸メ
チルの滴下を開始し、75分間連続的に滴下を行った。
同温度で6時間攪拌を続けたところ、1000mPa・
sの粘度を呈する透明な重合体溶液が得られた。重合
中、水溶液は均一に保たれており、メタクリル酸メチル
の油滴が懸濁状態で存在することは観測されなかった。
また、重合中に水溶液のサンプリングを行い、その残存
モノマーを測定したところ、3時間経過時点でメタクリ
ル酸メチルの残存モノマー量はメタクリル酸メチル仕込
総量(60g)に対して22質量%、6時間経過時点で
は検出限界値以下(<0.1質量%)であった。また、
25℃における重合開始前の水溶液pHは6.2、重合
終了後のpHは6.9であった。これを分散剤水溶液
(A1)とする。
Example 1 165 g of sodium 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, 25 g of potassium methacrylate,
30 g of methyl methacrylate, 2250 g of deionized water,
In a separable flask equipped with a condenser having an inner volume of 3000 ml, the temperature was raised to 50 ° C. under stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere, 0.25 g of ammonium persulfate was added, and the temperature was raised to 60 ° C. Simultaneously with the addition of ammonium persulfate, the dropping pump was used to start the dropping of methyl methacrylate at a rate of 0.4 g / min, and the dropping was continuously performed for 75 minutes.
When stirring was continued for 6 hours at the same temperature, 1000 mPa.
A transparent polymer solution having a viscosity of s was obtained. During the polymerization, the aqueous solution was kept homogeneous, and it was not observed that the oil droplets of methyl methacrylate existed in a suspended state.
In addition, when the aqueous solution was sampled during the polymerization and the residual monomer was measured, the residual monomer amount of methyl methacrylate was 22% by mass with respect to the total amount of methyl methacrylate charged (60 g) after 3 hours, and 6 hours passed. At the time point, it was below the detection limit value (<0.1% by mass). Also,
The pH of the aqueous solution at 25 ° C. before the start of polymerization was 6.2, and the pH after the end of polymerization was 6.9. This is designated as dispersant aqueous solution (A1).

【0052】[実施例2]メタクリル酸メチル30gの
連続的な滴下に代えて、7.5分間隔(初回の滴下は、
過硫酸アンモニウム添加後7.5分経過時点)で3gず
つ10回に分けて断続的に重合系に投入したこと以外
は、実施例1と同様にして、1050mPa・sの粘度
を呈する透明な重合体溶液を得た。重合中、水溶液は均
一に保たれていた。また、実施例1と同様に残存モノマ
ーを測定したところ、3時間経過時点でメタクリル酸メ
チルの残存モノマー量は23質量%、6時間経過時点で
は0.1質量%であった。また、25℃における重合開
始前の水溶液pHは6.2、重合終了後のpHは6.9で
あった。これを分散剤水溶液(A2)とする。
[Example 2] Instead of continuously dropping 30 g of methyl methacrylate, a 7.5-minute interval (the first dropping was
A transparent polymer exhibiting a viscosity of 1050 mPa · s in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3 g was added to the polymerization system in 10 batches at intervals of 7.5 minutes after addition of ammonium persulfate). A solution was obtained. The aqueous solution was kept uniform during the polymerization. Further, when the residual monomer was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the residual monomer amount of methyl methacrylate was 23 mass% after 3 hours, and 0.1 mass% after 6 hours. The pH of the aqueous solution at 25 ° C. before the start of polymerization was 6.2, and the pH after the end of polymerization was 6.9. This is referred to as a dispersant aqueous solution (A2).

【0053】[実施例3]重合前にセパラブルフラスコ
へ投入する単量体を、メタクリル酸2−スルホエチルナ
トリウム150g、メタクリル酸カリウム12.5g、
メタクリル酸メチル30gに変更したこと、およびメタ
クリル酸メチル57.5gを5.75gずつ断続的に重合
系に投入したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして、75
0mPa・sの粘度を呈する透明な重合体溶液を得た。
重合中、水溶液は均一に保たれていた。また、実施例1
と同様に残存モノマーを測定したところ、3時間経過時
点でメタクリル酸メチルの残存モノマー量はメタクリル
酸メチル仕込総量(87.5g)に対して32質量%、
6時間経過時点では0.1質量%であった。また、25
℃における重合開始前の水溶液pHは6.3、重合終了
後のpHは7.0であった。これを分散剤水溶液(A
3)とする。
[Example 3] Monomers charged into a separable flask before polymerization were 150 g of sodium 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, 12.5 g of potassium methacrylate,
In the same manner as in Example 2 except that the amount of methyl methacrylate was changed to 30 g and that 57.5 g of methyl methacrylate was intermittently added to the polymerization system in an amount of 5.75 g, 75
A transparent polymer solution having a viscosity of 0 mPa · s was obtained.
The aqueous solution was kept uniform during the polymerization. In addition, Example 1
When the residual monomer was measured in the same manner as above, the residual monomer amount of methyl methacrylate was 32% by mass relative to the total amount of methyl methacrylate charged (87.5 g) after 3 hours.
It was 0.1 mass% after 6 hours. Also, 25
The pH of the aqueous solution before the start of the polymerization at 6.degree. C. was 6.3, and the pH after the end of the polymerization was 7.0. This is an aqueous dispersant solution (A
3).

【0054】[比較例1]メタクリル酸2−スルホエチ
ルナトリウム165g、メタクリル酸カリウム25g、
メタクリル酸メチル60g、脱イオン水2250gを内
容積3000mlのコンデンサーを備えたセパラブルフ
ラスコ中で窒素雰囲気下に攪拌しながら50℃に昇温
し、過硫酸アンモニウム0.25gを添加して60℃に
昇温した。同温度で6時間攪拌を続けたところ、800
mPa・sの粘度を呈する白濁した重合体溶液が得られ
た。重合前の水溶液にはメタクリル酸メチル油滴が懸濁
状態で存在しており、また、過硫酸アンモニウム添加後
30分経過時点で水溶液が白濁し始めた。また、実施例
1と同様に残存モノマーを測定したところ、3時間経過
時点でメタクリル酸メチルの残存モノマー量はメタクリ
ル酸メチル仕込総量(60g)に対して4質量%、6時
間経過時点では検出限界値以下(<0.1質量%)であ
った。これを分散剤水溶液(A4)とする。
[Comparative Example 1] 165 g of sodium 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, 25 g of potassium methacrylate,
60 g of methyl methacrylate and 2250 g of deionized water were heated in a separable flask equipped with a condenser with an internal volume of 3000 ml under a nitrogen atmosphere while heating to 50 ° C, and 0.25 g of ammonium persulfate was added to raise the temperature to 60 ° C. Warmed. When stirring was continued for 6 hours at the same temperature, 800
A cloudy polymer solution having a viscosity of mPa · s was obtained. Methyl methacrylate oil droplets were present in a suspended state in the aqueous solution before the polymerization, and the aqueous solution began to become cloudy 30 minutes after the addition of ammonium persulfate. Further, when the residual monomer was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the residual monomer amount of methyl methacrylate was 4% by mass relative to the total amount of methyl methacrylate charged (60 g) at the time point of 3 hours, and the detection limit at the time point of 6 hours. It was below the value (<0.1% by mass). This is referred to as a dispersant aqueous solution (A4).

【0055】[比較例2]重合前にセパラブルフラスコ
へ投入する単量体を、メタクリル酸2−スルホエチルナ
トリウム190g、メタクリル酸メチル30gに変更し
たこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、1500mPa
・sの粘度を呈する透明な重合体溶液を得た。なお、重
合中、水溶液は均一に保たれていた。また、実施例1と
同様に残存モノマーを測定したところ、3時間経過時点
でメタクリル酸メチルの残存モノマー量は23質量%、
6時間経過時点では検出限界値以下(<0.1質量%)
であった。これを分散剤水溶液(A5)とする。
Comparative Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the monomers charged into the separable flask before the polymerization were changed to 190 g of 2-sulfoethyl sodium methacrylate and 30 g of methyl methacrylate. 1500 mPa
A transparent polymer solution having a viscosity of s was obtained. The aqueous solution was kept uniform during the polymerization. Further, when the residual monomer was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the residual monomer amount of methyl methacrylate was 23% by mass at the time when 3 hours had elapsed,
Less than detection limit (<0.1% by mass) after 6 hours
Met. This is designated as dispersant aqueous solution (A5).

【0056】[比較例3]重合前にセパラブルフラスコ
へ投入する単量体をメタクリル酸2−スルホエチルナト
リウム237.5g、メタクリル酸カリウム2.5g、メ
タクリル酸メチル10gに変更したこと以外は、比較例
1と同様にして、2100mPa・sの粘度を呈する透
明な重合体溶液を得た。なお、重合中、水溶液は均一に
保たれていた。また、実施例1と同様に残存モノマーを
測定したところ、3時間経過時点でメタクリル酸メチル
の残存モノマー量は12質量%、6時間経過時点では検
出限界値以下(<0.1質量%)であった。これを分散
剤水溶液(A6)とする。
Comparative Example 3 Except that the monomers charged into the separable flask before the polymerization were changed to 237.5 g of sodium 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, 2.5 g of potassium methacrylate and 10 g of methyl methacrylate. In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a transparent polymer solution having a viscosity of 2100 mPa · s was obtained. The aqueous solution was kept uniform during the polymerization. Further, when the residual monomer was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the residual monomer amount of methyl methacrylate was 12% by mass after 3 hours and was below the detection limit value (<0.1% by mass) after 6 hours. there were. This is designated as dispersant aqueous solution (A6).

【0057】[比較例4]重合前にセパラブルフラスコ
へ投入する単量体をメタクリル酸2−スルホエチルナト
リウム75g、メタクリル酸カリウム25g、メタクリ
ル酸メチル30gに変更したこと、およびメタクリル酸
メチル120gを1.6g/分の速度で75分間連続的
に滴下したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、500
mPa・sの粘度を呈する白濁した重合体溶液が得られ
た。重合前の水溶液は透明であったが、過硫酸アンモニ
ウム添加後35分経過時点で水溶液が白濁し始めた。こ
れを分散剤水溶液(A7)とする。
[Comparative Example 4] The monomer charged into the separable flask before the polymerization was changed to 75 g of 2-sulfoethyl sodium methacrylate, 25 g of potassium methacrylate, 30 g of methyl methacrylate, and 120 g of methyl methacrylate. The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that the solution was continuously added dropwise at a rate of 1.6 g / min for 75 minutes.
A cloudy polymer solution having a viscosity of mPa · s was obtained. Although the aqueous solution before the polymerization was transparent, the aqueous solution began to become cloudy 35 minutes after the addition of ammonium persulfate. This is designated as dispersant aqueous solution (A7).

【0058】[比較例5]25℃における重合開始前の
水溶液pHを3.0としたこと以外は実施例1と同様に
して重合したところ、重合された重合体が次第に溶液に
溶解しなくなり均一水溶液ではなくなくなったため、3
200mPa・sの粘度を呈する白濁した重合体溶液を
得た。重合終了後のpHは5.3であった。なお、重合
前の水溶液は透明であったが、過硫酸アンモニウム添加
後40分経過時点で水溶液粘度が上昇し、攪拌が十分に
行われず、それ以降に滴下したメタクリル酸メチルの一
部がフラスコ上部で滞留し、すぐには重合系に拡散しな
い状態になった。これを分散剤水溶液(A8)とする。
[Comparative Example 5] Polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pH of the aqueous solution before the start of polymerization at 25 ° C was 3.0. As a result, the polymerized polymer gradually became insoluble in the solution and became homogeneous. 3 because it is no longer an aqueous solution
A cloudy polymer solution having a viscosity of 200 mPa · s was obtained. The pH after completion of the polymerization was 5.3. The aqueous solution before the polymerization was transparent, but the viscosity of the aqueous solution increased 40 minutes after the addition of ammonium persulfate and the stirring was not sufficiently performed, and a part of the methyl methacrylate dropped thereafter was in the upper part of the flask. It stayed and did not immediately diffuse into the polymerization system. This is designated as dispersant aqueous solution (A8).

【0059】[実施例4〜6、比較例6〜10]懸濁安
定剤(分散剤)として実施例1〜3および比較例1〜5
で得た各分散剤水溶液(A1)〜(A8)(純分10質
量%)1.5g、硫酸ナトリウム5.25gを脱イオン水
3000gに溶解し、熱電対、冷却管、攪拌機を備えた
内容積5000mlのセパラブルフラスコに仕込み、メ
タクリル酸メチル1455g、アクリル酸メチル45g
に、重合開始剤として2,2'−アゾビスイソブチロニト
リル1.5g、連鎖移動剤としてn−オクチルメルカプ
タン3gを溶解した単量体混合物を加えた。窒素置換し
ながら撹拌回転数200rpmで10分間撹拌を行った
後、撹拌回転数を400rpmに変更し、窒素雰囲気中
で75℃に加熱して重合を開始した。重合発熱ピークを
温度記録計で確認し、その後95℃で30分間加熱し
た。重合中の懸濁系の様子、得られたビーズの形状およ
び質量平均粒子径、重合廃液中の乳化粒子質量、および
粗大粒子の生成量を表1に示す。
[Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 6 to 10] Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 as suspension stabilizers (dispersants).
Each dispersant aqueous solution (A1) to (A8) (purity: 10% by mass) (1.5 g) and sodium sulphate (5.25 g) dissolved in deionized water (3000 g) were equipped with a thermocouple, a cooling tube and a stirrer. A 5000 ml separable flask was charged, and 1455 g of methyl methacrylate and 45 g of methyl acrylate were charged.
Then, a monomer mixture in which 1.5 g of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as a polymerization initiator and 3 g of n-octyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent were dissolved was added. After performing stirring for 10 minutes at a stirring rotation speed of 200 rpm while substituting with nitrogen, the stirring rotation speed was changed to 400 rpm, and heating was performed at 75 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere to start polymerization. The polymerization exothermic peak was confirmed with a thermometer and then heated at 95 ° C. for 30 minutes. Table 1 shows the state of the suspension system during polymerization, the shape and mass average particle size of the obtained beads, the mass of emulsified particles in the polymerization waste liquid, and the amount of coarse particles produced.

【0060】[実施例7]懸濁安定剤(分散剤)とし
て、メタクリル酸カリウムとメタクリル酸メチルの共重
合体(B1)[共重合比率70:30質量%]0.03
gおよび実施例1で得られた分散剤水溶液(A1)(純
分10質量%)1.2gを用いたこと以外は、実施例4
と同様にして懸濁重合を行った。重合中の懸濁系の様
子、得られたビーズの形状および質量平均粒子径、重合
廃液中の乳化粒子質量、および粗大粒子の生成量を表1
に示す。
Example 7 As a suspension stabilizer (dispersing agent), a copolymer of potassium methacrylate and methyl methacrylate (B1) [copolymerization ratio 70: 30% by mass] 0.03
g and 1.2 g of the aqueous dispersant solution (A1) obtained in Example 1 (pure content 10% by mass) were used.
Suspension polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in. Table 1 shows the state of the suspension system during polymerization, the shape and mass average particle size of the obtained beads, the mass of emulsified particles in the polymerization waste liquid, and the amount of coarse particles produced.
Shown in.

【0061】[0061]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0062】[0062]

【発明の効果】本発明によれば、親水性を付与するスル
ホン酸基を側鎖に有する特定構造の単量体とカルボキシ
ル基を側鎖に有する特定構造の単量体と親油性を付与す
る特定構造の疎水性単量体を必須成分とする混合物を、
特定条件下で重合することにより、親水性と疎水性のバ
ランスに優れ、重合安定性に優れた懸濁重合分散剤とし
て有用な重合体を提供できる。
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, lipophilicity is imparted to a monomer having a specific structure having a sulfonic acid group which imparts hydrophilicity in a side chain and a monomer having a specific structure having a carboxyl group in a side chain. A mixture containing a hydrophobic monomer having a specific structure as an essential component,
By polymerizing under a specific condition, it is possible to provide a polymer which is excellent in balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity and which is excellent in polymerization stability and which is useful as a suspension polymerization dispersant.

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Claims (8)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 下記一般式(I) 【化1】 (式中、R1はHまたはCH3を、R2およびR3はH、C
3、またはC25を、Xは−O−、−NH−、または
−N(CH3)−を、M1はH、リチウム、ナトリウム、
カリウム、またはアンモニウム塩を、nは0〜3の整数
を示す。)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体89〜
10質量%と、下記一般式(II) 【化2】 (式中、R4はHまたはCH3を、M2はH、リチウム、
ナトリウム、カリウム、またはアンモニウム塩を示
す。)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体1〜40質
量%と、下記一般式(III) 【化3】 (式中、R5はHまたはCH3を、R6は炭素数1〜12
のアルキル基を示す。)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸
エステル10〜50質量%とからなる単量体混合物を、
均一水溶液中で重合するに際し、使用する一般式(II
I)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸エステルの全部ある
いは一部を、重合中の水溶液系に連続的あるいは断続的
に添加する重合体の製造方法。
1. The following general formula (I): (In the formula, R 1 is H or CH 3 , and R 2 and R 3 are H, C
Of H 3 or C 2 H 5,, X is -O -, - NH- or -N (CH 3), - a, M 1 is H, lithium, sodium,
Potassium or ammonium salt, n shows the integer of 0-3. ) (Meth) acrylic acid derivative 89-
10 mass% and the following general formula (II): (In the formula, R 4 is H or CH 3 , M 2 is H, lithium,
Indicates a sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt. 1 to 40% by mass of the (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by the formula (1) and the following general formula (III): (In the formula, R 5 is H or CH 3 , and R 6 is a carbon number of 1 to 12.
Is an alkyl group. And a monomer mixture consisting of 10 to 50 mass% of a (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by
When polymerizing in a homogeneous aqueous solution, the general formula (II
A method for producing a polymer, wherein all or a part of the (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by I) is continuously or intermittently added to an aqueous solution system during polymerization.
【請求項2】 一般式(III)で表される(メタ)アク
リル酸エステルがメタクリル酸メチルであり、重合開始
から終了までの間、水溶液中のメタクリル酸メチルの濃
度を1.5質量%以下に保つ請求項1記載の重合体の製
造方法。
2. The (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (III) is methyl methacrylate, and the concentration of methyl methacrylate in the aqueous solution is 1.5% by mass or less from the start to the end of the polymerization. The method for producing a polymer according to claim 1, wherein
【請求項3】 水溶液のpHを5.5〜8の範囲内にし
ながら重合する請求項1記載の重合体の製造方法。
3. The method for producing a polymer according to claim 1, wherein the polymerization is carried out while controlling the pH of the aqueous solution within the range of 5.5 to 8.
【請求項4】 請求項1に記載の製造方法で得られた重
合体からなる分散剤。
4. A dispersant comprising the polymer obtained by the production method according to claim 1.
【請求項5】 分散剤の10質量%水溶液粘度が、25
℃で200〜3000mPa・sである請求項4記載の
分散剤。
5. The 10% by weight aqueous solution viscosity of the dispersant is 25.
The dispersant according to claim 4, which has a temperature of 200 to 3000 mPa · s at 5 ° C.
【請求項6】 ビニル系単量体の懸濁重合を行うにあた
り、該ビニル系単量体100質量部に対して、請求項4
記載の分散剤0.001〜5質量部、ならびに、一価の
カチオンを有する電解質および/または二価あるいは三
価のカチオンを有する電解質0.0005〜5質量部を
添加することを特徴とする懸濁重合方法。
6. When carrying out suspension polymerization of a vinyl-based monomer, the method according to claim 4 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the vinyl-based monomer.
0.001 to 5 parts by mass of the dispersant described above, and 0.0005 to 5 parts by mass of an electrolyte having a monovalent cation and / or an electrolyte having a divalent or trivalent cation are added. Suspension polymerization method.
【請求項7】 ビニル系単量体の懸濁重合を行うにあた
り、該ビニル系単量体100質量部に対して、さらに、
下記一般式(IV) 【化4】 (式中、R7はHまたはCH3を、M3はH、リチウム、
ナトリウム、カリウム、またはアンモニウム塩を示
す。)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体30〜90
質量%と、下記一般式(V) 【化5】 (式中、R8はHまたはCH3を、R9は炭素数1〜12
のアルキル基を示す。)で表される(メタ)アクリル酸
エステル10〜70質量%からなる単量体混合物をラジ
カル重合して得られる重合体からなる分散剤0.001
〜5質量部を添加する請求項6記載の懸濁重合方法。
7. When carrying out suspension polymerization of a vinyl monomer, 100 parts by mass of the vinyl monomer is further added.
The following general formula (IV): (In the formula, R 7 is H or CH 3 , M 3 is H, lithium,
Indicates a sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt. ) A (meth) acrylic acid derivative represented by
Mass% and the following general formula (V): (In the formula, R 8 is H or CH 3 , and R 9 is a carbon number of 1 to 12.
Is an alkyl group. ) A dispersant comprising a polymer obtained by radical polymerization of a monomer mixture consisting of 10 to 70% by mass of a (meth) acrylic ester represented by
The suspension polymerization method according to claim 6, wherein -5 parts by mass is added.
【請求項8】 ビニル系単量体が、(メタ)アクリル酸
エステルを50質量%以上含有する請求項6記載の懸濁
重合方法。
8. The suspension polymerization method according to claim 6, wherein the vinyl-based monomer contains 50% by mass or more of (meth) acrylic acid ester.
JP2001192829A 2001-06-26 2001-06-26 Method for producing polymer, dispersing agent and method for carrying out suspension polymerization by using the same Pending JP2003002907A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011526305A (en) * 2008-03-19 2011-10-06 コンストラクション リサーチ アンド テクノロジー ゲーエムベーハー Semi-continuous processing method for producing copolymers
RU2467021C2 (en) * 2010-12-29 2012-11-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) Method of suspension polymerisation of alkylmethyl acrylate with carboxil-containing monomer
JP2019533203A (en) * 2016-09-27 2019-11-14 エルジー エムエムエー コープ.Lg Mma Corp. Dope solution for producing optical film and optical film using the same

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011526305A (en) * 2008-03-19 2011-10-06 コンストラクション リサーチ アンド テクノロジー ゲーエムベーハー Semi-continuous processing method for producing copolymers
RU2467021C2 (en) * 2010-12-29 2012-11-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) Method of suspension polymerisation of alkylmethyl acrylate with carboxil-containing monomer
JP2019533203A (en) * 2016-09-27 2019-11-14 エルジー エムエムエー コープ.Lg Mma Corp. Dope solution for producing optical film and optical film using the same
US11421060B2 (en) 2016-09-27 2022-08-23 Lg Mma Corp. Dope solution for preparing optical film and optical film using the same
JP2022153396A (en) * 2016-09-27 2022-10-12 エルジー エムエムエー コープ. Dope solution for preparing optical film and optical film using the same

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