JP2002373830A - Electronic double-layer capacitor - Google Patents

Electronic double-layer capacitor

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Publication number
JP2002373830A
JP2002373830A JP2001178364A JP2001178364A JP2002373830A JP 2002373830 A JP2002373830 A JP 2002373830A JP 2001178364 A JP2001178364 A JP 2001178364A JP 2001178364 A JP2001178364 A JP 2001178364A JP 2002373830 A JP2002373830 A JP 2002373830A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
current collector
electric double
layer capacitor
polarizable electrode
double layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2001178364A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoichiro Kaga
洋一郎 加賀
Morinobu Endo
守信 遠藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Proterial Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Metals Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Metals Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Metals Ltd
Priority to JP2001178364A priority Critical patent/JP2002373830A/en
Publication of JP2002373830A publication Critical patent/JP2002373830A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

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  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric double-layered capacitor which has low internal resistance, can be charged and discharged with large currents, and uses an aqueous solution electrolyte with high long-period reliability. SOLUTION: The electric double-layer capacitor 3 is structured having a couple of a plate type polarizing electrode made of a carbon material containing the aqueous solution electrolyte, and a current collector arranged opposite each other across a separator and its outer circumferential part sealed with a sealing material. The current collector is a clad material 1 made of metals cladded with noble metal where it comes into contact with at least the plate type polarizing electrode, and a polarizing electrode 2 in use having a layer of noble metal formed by vapor-deposition, sputtering, or plating on the surface of the plate type polarizing electrode which comes into contact with the current collector. Consequently, the resistance of the current collector and the contact resistance between the current collector and a terminal plate decrease and an increase in the contact resistance between the current collector and terminal plate can be suppressed. Furthermore, the airtightness of the current collector is improved.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、電気二重層キャパ
シタに関するものであり、特に、大電流充放電用途の電
気二重層キャパシタに関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric double layer capacitor, and more particularly to an electric double layer capacitor for use in charging and discharging a large current.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】電気二重層キャパシタは、分極性電極と
電解質を含んだ電解液からなる電気素子であり、電極の
分極により、電解液と電極との間に形成される電気二重
層に電荷を蓄える機能を有する。米国特許第35369
63号公報に開示されているように、分極性電極に比表
面積の大きい炭素材料を用いることで、ファラッドオー
ダの電気容量を高速に充放電することが可能なことか
ら、半導体メモリバックアップ用などの小型電源などと
して利用され、また、自動車用などの大型電源としても
開発されてきている。
2. Description of the Related Art An electric double layer capacitor is an electric element composed of a polarizable electrode and an electrolyte containing an electrolyte. The electric double layer formed between the electrolyte and the electrode is charged by polarization of the electrode. Has the function of storing. US Patent 35369
As disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 63, the use of a carbon material having a large specific surface area for the polarizable electrode allows the electric capacity of the farad order to be charged and discharged at a high speed, so that it is used for backing up a semiconductor memory. It is used as a small power source and the like, and has been developed as a large power source for automobiles and the like.

【0003】従来用いられている電気二重層キャパシタ
には、電解液として水溶液系電解液(例えば、硫酸水溶
液)を用いるものと有機系電解液を用いるものの2種類
がある。一般に有機系電解液を用いる電気二重層キャパ
シタの方が高い出力電圧得られるが、電解液のイオン伝
導度が小さいために内部抵抗が大きくなり、出力電流が
小さくなる欠点がある。一方、水溶液系電解液を用いる
電気二重層キャパシタは出力電圧が低いが、電解液のイ
オン伝導度が高いために内部抵抗が小さく、大きな出力
電流が得られ、大電流充放電用途に適している。
There are two types of conventionally used electric double layer capacitors, one using an aqueous electrolyte solution (for example, sulfuric acid aqueous solution) and the other using an organic electrolyte solution. In general, an electric double layer capacitor using an organic electrolytic solution can obtain a higher output voltage, but has a drawback that the internal resistance increases and the output current decreases because the ionic conductivity of the electrolytic solution is low. On the other hand, an electric double layer capacitor using an aqueous electrolytic solution has a low output voltage, but has a low internal resistance due to the high ionic conductivity of the electrolytic solution, and can obtain a large output current, which is suitable for a large current charge / discharge application. .

【0004】従来、炭素材料からなる分極性電極には粉
末状や繊維状の活性炭などの炭素材料が用いられてき
た。粉末状の場合はバインダーと混練後圧延または塗布
などしてシート化し、分極性電極としていた。この場
合、シート中の粉末状炭素材料どうしの接触抵抗を下げ
るため、分極性電極を加圧して保持する必要があった。
繊維状の場合も同様の理由で、加圧、保持する必要があ
った。そこで、加圧手段を不要とするような分極性電極
として、固形の炭素材料からなる板状の分極性電極が開
発されている。例えば、特開平3−78221号公報に
開示されているように、活性炭微粒子からなる粉体を加
圧した状態で、粉体の微粒子間にパルス状電圧を印加し
て各粒子間に放電を発生させて焼結することにより板状
の分極性電極を得る方法がある。
Conventionally, a carbon material such as powdered or fibrous activated carbon has been used for a polarizable electrode made of a carbon material. In the case of a powder, the mixture was kneaded with a binder and then rolled or coated to form a sheet to form a polarizable electrode. In this case, it was necessary to pressurize and hold the polarizable electrode in order to reduce the contact resistance between the powdered carbon materials in the sheet.
In the case of a fibrous material, it was necessary to pressurize and hold for the same reason. Therefore, a plate-shaped polarizable electrode made of a solid carbon material has been developed as a polarizable electrode that does not require a pressurizing unit. For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-78221, a pulsed voltage is applied between fine particles of activated carbon to generate a discharge between the fine particles while the powder composed of activated carbon fine particles is pressurized. There is a method of obtaining a plate-shaped polarizable electrode by performing sintering.

【0005】従来の板状分極性電極を使用した水溶液系
電解液を含む電気二重層キャパシタ4の例を図4を用い
て以下に詳しく説明する。樹脂もしくはゴム製の封止材
31の中央部にガラス繊維製のセパレータ32、電解液
である硫酸および固形の炭素材料からなる板状分極性電
極22を充填し、封止材31と導電性ゴムシートからな
る集電体41を接着して封止し、電気二重層キャパシタ
4を構成していた。板状の分極性電極を用いた電気二重
層キャパシタでは、炭素粒子どうしの接触は良くなり、
分極性電極を高圧で加圧する必要はなくなったが、板状
分極性電極は弾性がなく、表面は粗い炭素粒子で構成さ
れているため集電体との接触が不均一となりがちで、分
極性電極と集電体間の接触抵抗の大きさが問題となる。
そのため、特開平7−335494号公報などに開示さ
れているように板状分極性電極を使用した電気二重層キ
ャパシタでは集電体として弾性を有し板状の分極性電極
との密着性が良く、かつ水溶液系電解液による腐蝕がな
く、気密性、導電性を有する材料として、炭素材料から
なる導電性材料を絶縁体のエラストマーに含有した導電
性ゴムシートが用いられている。
An example of a conventional electric double layer capacitor 4 containing an aqueous electrolyte using a plate-shaped polarizable electrode will be described in detail with reference to FIG. A central portion of a resin or rubber sealing material 31 is filled with a glass fiber separator 32, a plate-shaped polarizable electrode 22 made of sulfuric acid as an electrolyte and a solid carbon material, and the sealing material 31 and conductive rubber are filled. The current collector 41 made of a sheet was bonded and sealed to form the electric double layer capacitor 4. In an electric double layer capacitor using a plate-shaped polarizable electrode, the contact between carbon particles is improved,
It is no longer necessary to pressurize the polarizable electrode with high pressure, but the plate-shaped polarizable electrode is not elastic and its surface is composed of coarse carbon particles, so the contact with the current collector tends to be uneven and the polarizable A problem is the magnitude of the contact resistance between the electrode and the current collector.
Therefore, as disclosed in JP-A-7-335494, an electric double layer capacitor using a plate-shaped polarizable electrode has elasticity as a current collector and has good adhesion to the plate-shaped polarizable electrode. A conductive rubber sheet containing a conductive material made of a carbon material in an insulator elastomer is used as a material having airtightness and conductivity without being corroded by an aqueous electrolyte solution.

【0006】また、前記水溶液系電解液を用いた電気二
重層キャパシタ4は、耐電圧が硫酸電解液の電気分解電
圧によって決まり、約1.2Vと低いので、使用電圧に
合せて電気二重層キャパシタ4を必要数積層し、図4に
示すように電気二重層キャパシタ積層体51とする。こ
の電気二重層キャパシタ積層体51中の最上面と最下面
の電気二重層キャパシタ4の集電体に金属端子板52を
接触させ、金属端子板52と一体の外部端子53を取り
出し、電気二重層キャパシタ装置5としている。なお、
使用電圧によっては、電気二重層キャパシタ3が1つで
電気二重層キャパシタ積層体51とする場合もある。
In the electric double layer capacitor 4 using the aqueous electrolyte, the withstand voltage is determined by the electrolysis voltage of the sulfuric acid electrolyte and is as low as about 1.2 V. 4 are laminated in a required number to form an electric double layer capacitor laminate 51 as shown in FIG. The metal terminal plate 52 is brought into contact with the current collectors of the uppermost and lowermost electric double layer capacitors 4 in the electric double layer capacitor laminated body 51, and external terminals 53 integrated with the metal terminal plate 52 are taken out. This is a capacitor device 5. In addition,
Depending on the voltage used, there may be a case where one electric double layer capacitor 3 is used as the electric double layer capacitor laminated body 51.

【0007】[0007]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の板状分極性電極
を使用した水溶液系電解液を含む電気二重層キャパシタ
の集電体には電解液に対する耐蝕性、気密性、導電性お
よび板状分極性電極との接触を良くするための弾性を確
保する材料として弾性に優れた絶縁体のエラストマー中
に導電体の炭素材料を含有した導電性ゴムが多く用いら
れていた。しかし、一般に用いられている導電性ゴムの
体積固有抵抗は10−2 Ω・cm以上であり、金属の体積固
有抵抗(10−6〜10−5 Ω・cm)より大きい。そのため、
集電体自体の抵抗が大きく、電気二重層キャパシタの内
部抵抗を高くする要因となり、出力電流が低く制限さ
れ、大電流充放電用途に限界があった。
The current collector of an electric double layer capacitor containing an aqueous electrolytic solution using a conventional plate-like polarizable electrode has a corrosion resistance, an airtightness, a conductivity and a plate-like component to the electrolytic solution. As a material for ensuring elasticity to improve contact with a polar electrode, conductive rubber containing a conductive carbon material in an elastomer having excellent elasticity has been widely used. However, the volume resistivity of generally used conductive rubber is 10 −2 Ω · cm or more, and is larger than the volume resistivity of metal (10 −6 to 10 −5 Ω · cm). for that reason,
The resistance of the current collector itself is large, which causes the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor to be high, and the output current is limited to a low level, which limits the use of high current charge / discharge applications.

【0008】また、上記の理由で導電性ゴムは表面にお
いても抵抗が大きく、金属端子板と集電体間および電気
二重層キャパシタを複数個直列に接続するときの電気二
重層キャパシタ間の接触抵抗が大きくなり、電気二重層
キャパシタの内部抵抗が高くなっていた。そのため、大
電流充放電用途に制限があった。
For the above reason, the conductive rubber has a large resistance even on the surface, and the contact resistance between the metal terminal plate and the current collector and between the electric double layer capacitors when a plurality of electric double layer capacitors are connected in series. And the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor was increased. For this reason, there is a limit to the use of large current charge / discharge.

【0009】また、導電性ゴムは弾性材料であるため接
触面圧が低く、金属間の接触のように接触部の集中した
高い圧力によるクリーニング作用が生じないため、金属
端子板表面にできる酸化皮膜による抵抗も問題となる。
そのため、抵抗を下げるためには金属端子板表面に貴金
属膜を形成するか、炭素系導電塗料を塗布するなどして
表面処理する必要があった。
Further, since the conductive rubber is an elastic material, the contact surface pressure is low, and the cleaning action does not occur due to the high pressure concentrated at the contact portion as in the case of contact between metals, so that an oxide film formed on the surface of the metal terminal plate is formed. Is also a problem.
Therefore, in order to reduce the resistance, it was necessary to form a noble metal film on the surface of the metal terminal plate or to apply a carbon-based conductive paint to perform a surface treatment.

【0010】さらに、導電性ゴムの気体透過率はゼロで
ないため、長期間の使用で集電体表面からの水溶液系電
解液の蒸発に起因する電気二重層キャパシタの静電容量
の低下が起こり、長期の信頼性に問題があった。
Further, since the gas permeability of the conductive rubber is not zero, the capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor decreases due to the evaporation of the aqueous electrolyte from the surface of the current collector over a long period of use, There was a problem with long-term reliability.

【0011】このように、内部抵抗が高く、大電流充放
電用途に制限があった。また、電解液の蒸発のため長期
信頼性にも問題があった。本発明は、上記従来の電気二
重層キャパシタの課題を解決するもので、大電流充放電
用途に対応可能で長期信頼性の高い電気二重層キャパシ
タを提供することを目的とする。
As described above, the internal resistance is high, and there is a limit to the use of large current charge / discharge. In addition, there was a problem in long-term reliability due to evaporation of the electrolyte. An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional electric double layer capacitor, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric double layer capacitor which can be used for large current charge / discharge and has high long-term reliability.

【0012】[0012]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は上記目的を達成
するために、水溶液系電解液を含んだ炭素材料よりなる
分極性電極と集電体の対がセパレータを介して対向して
配置され、外周部が封止材で封止される構造の電気二重
層キャパシタにおいて、集電体が少なくとも前記分極性
電極と接する部分に貴金属をクラッドした複数の金属か
ら構成されるクラッド材であり、かつ前記分極性電極の
集電体と接する面上に貴金属層を有する電気二重層キャ
パシタである。
According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, a pair of a polarizable electrode made of a carbon material containing an aqueous electrolytic solution and a current collector are arranged to face each other with a separator interposed therebetween. In an electric double-layer capacitor having a structure in which an outer peripheral portion is sealed with a sealing material, the current collector is a clad material composed of a plurality of metals in which at least a portion in contact with the polarizable electrode is clad with a noble metal, and An electric double layer capacitor having a noble metal layer on a surface of the polarizable electrode in contact with a current collector.

【0013】また、本発明の電気二重層キャパシタにお
いて、前記集電体は少なくとも前記分極性電極と接する
部分に金(Au)、白金(Pt)、パラジウム(Pd)
もしくはそれらを含む合金をクラッドしたベースの金属
からなる2層を有するクラッド材であり、前記ベースの
金属は銅、アルミニウムもしくはそれらを含む合金であ
り、かつ分極性電極の集電体と接する面上の貴金属層が
金(Au)、白金(Pt)、パラジウム(Pd)もしく
はそれらを含む合金であることが望ましい構成である。
[0013] In the electric double layer capacitor according to the present invention, the current collector may include gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd) at least at a portion in contact with the polarizable electrode.
Or a clad material having two layers of a base metal clad with an alloy containing them, wherein the base metal is copper, aluminum or an alloy containing them, and on a surface in contact with the current collector of the polarizable electrode. It is preferable that the noble metal layer is made of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) or an alloy containing them.

【0014】上記本発明の係るクラッド材は、異種の金
属層あるいは箔を圧延で接合した構造に限らず、一方の
金属層もしくは箔の面にメッキ法等の薄膜形成法を用い
て他方の金属層を積層した構造を含むものとする。望ま
しくは、圧延で接合するクラッド材を用いる。メッキ法
に比べて圧延を用いる方法は量産性に優れているためで
ある。
The clad material according to the present invention is not limited to a structure in which dissimilar metal layers or foils are joined by rolling, and the other metal layer or foil is formed on the surface of one metal layer or foil by a thin film forming method such as plating. It includes a structure in which layers are stacked. Preferably, a clad material joined by rolling is used. This is because the method using rolling is superior to the plating method in mass productivity.

【0015】上記の構成により、本発明には以下の作用
がある。 (1)集電体に金属を用いているため、集電体自体の導
電率が高く、電気二重層キャパシタの内部抵抗を低くす
ることができる。 (2)集電体に金属を用いているため、金属端子板との
接触抵抗が低く、電気二重層キャパシタの内部抵抗を低
くすることができ、さらに、金属端子板と集電体間が高
い接触面圧で接触できるため、クリーニング作用により
金属端子板表面の酸化皮膜が問題にならず、金属端子板
に表面処理を行う必要がない。 (3)金属の集電体は導電性ゴムに比べて弾性に欠ける
ため、分極性電極に板状の炭素材料を用いた場合、集電
体と分極性電極の接触抵抗の大きさが問題になるが、分
極性電極の集電体と接する面上にも蒸着、スパッタもし
くはめっきにより強固に接着した均一な貴金属層を形成
しておくことで、集電体と分極性電極間は金属面どうし
で接触されるため、集電体と分極性電極の両方に弾性が
なくても接触抵抗を低く保つことができる。 (4)集電体に金属を用いているため、導電性ゴムを使
用した場合に比べて気密性を高くすることができ、集電
体表面上からの水溶液系電解液の蒸発による静電容量の
低下を低減でき、電気二重層キャパシタの長期信頼性を
高くすることができる。 (5)集電体の水溶液系電解液を含んだ分極性電極に接
する部分は腐食を防止するため、貴金属にする必要があ
るが、クラッド材を用いることで、貴金属を使用する部
分を少なくとも水溶液系電解液を含んだ分極性電極に接
する部分とした一部分とすることが容易であり、さらに
はクラッド材は貴金属とベース金属との接合が強固であ
るためその接触抵抗も十分小さい。また、導電率の高い
CuもしくはCuを含んだ合金をベースの金属とするこ
とで、より低抵抗の集電体となる。
With the above configuration, the present invention has the following operations. (1) Since a metal is used for the current collector, the conductivity of the current collector itself is high, and the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor can be reduced. (2) Since metal is used for the current collector, the contact resistance with the metal terminal plate is low, the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor can be reduced, and the distance between the metal terminal plate and the current collector is high. Since the contact can be made with the contact surface pressure, the oxide film on the surface of the metal terminal plate does not cause a problem due to the cleaning action, and it is not necessary to perform a surface treatment on the metal terminal plate. (3) Since a metal current collector lacks elasticity compared to conductive rubber, when a plate-like carbon material is used for the polarizable electrode, the magnitude of the contact resistance between the current collector and the polarizable electrode becomes a problem. However, by forming a uniform noble metal layer firmly bonded by vapor deposition, sputtering or plating on the surface of the polarizable electrode that contacts the current collector, the metal surface between the current collector and the polarizable electrode , The contact resistance can be kept low even if both the current collector and the polarizable electrode do not have elasticity. (4) Since a metal is used for the current collector, the airtightness can be increased as compared with the case where conductive rubber is used, and the capacitance due to the evaporation of the aqueous electrolyte from the surface of the current collector. Can be reduced, and the long-term reliability of the electric double layer capacitor can be increased. (5) The portion of the current collector that is in contact with the polarizable electrode containing the aqueous electrolyte solution needs to be made of a noble metal in order to prevent corrosion. It is easy to form a part that is in contact with the polarizable electrode containing the system electrolyte, and the contact resistance of the clad material is sufficiently small because the bonding between the noble metal and the base metal is strong. Further, by using Cu or an alloy containing Cu having a high conductivity as a base metal, a current collector having a lower resistance can be obtained.

【0016】[0016]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施例を添付図面
にもとづいて説明する。図1は本発明の一実施例におけ
る電気二重層キャパシタに用いる集電体1を示したもの
で、Cuからなるベース金属11の一部に厚さ50μm
のAu箔12をクラッドした総厚0.5mmのクラッド
材である。貴金属部分にはPtやPdに対して比較的安
価で導電性の良いことからAuを使用した。また、Au
をクラッドする部分の幅は電気二重層キャパシタを構成
したとき分極性電極が接する部分として分極性電極と同
じ幅とした。また、図2は本発明の一実施例における電
気二重層キャパシタに用いる固形の炭素材料からなる板
状分極性電極2を示したもので、片面の全面にAu層2
1を形成した。前記Au層21はスパッタ法やめっき法
に対して、比較的簡便であることから、真空蒸着法(1
−4Pa程度の高真空中で抵抗加熱により、Auを蒸
発させて板状分極性電極の表面にAu層13を析出させ
る方法)により形成した。前記クラッド材からなる集電
体1のAuをクラッドした部分12に30重量%の硫酸
電解液を含浸させた前記板状分極性電極2をAu層21
の形成した面が集電体のAuをクラッドした部分と接す
るように積層し、さらに30重量%の硫酸電解液を含浸
させたガラス繊維製セパレータ31を積層し、再び、上
記と同じ構成の前記分極性電極2および集電体1を積層
した。その後、外周部を樹脂製の封止材32と接着剤を
用いて封止し、図3に示す水溶液系電解液を用いた電気
二重層キャパシタ3を作製した。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a current collector 1 used for an electric double layer capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a part of a base metal 11 made of Cu has a thickness of 50 μm.
Is a clad material having a total thickness of 0.5 mm, which is formed by cladding the Au foil 12 of FIG. Au is used for the noble metal portion because it is relatively inexpensive and has good conductivity with respect to Pt and Pd. Also, Au
The width of the cladding portion was the same as the width of the polarizable electrode when the polarizable electrode was in contact with the electric double layer capacitor. FIG. 2 shows a plate-shaped polarizable electrode 2 made of a solid carbon material used for an electric double layer capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1 was formed. Since the Au layer 21 is relatively simple compared to the sputtering method and the plating method, the vacuum evaporation method (1
A method of evaporating Au by resistance heating in a high vacuum of about 0-4 Pa to deposit an Au layer 13 on the surface of the plate-shaped polarizable electrode). The plate-shaped polarizable electrode 2 in which the Au clad portion 12 of the current collector 1 made of the clad material is impregnated with a 30% by weight sulfuric acid electrolytic solution is used as the Au layer 21.
Is laminated so that the surface on which is formed is in contact with the Au-clad portion of the current collector, and a glass fiber separator 31 impregnated with 30% by weight of sulfuric acid electrolytic solution is further laminated. The polarizing electrode 2 and the current collector 1 were laminated. Thereafter, the outer peripheral portion was sealed using a sealing material 32 made of resin and an adhesive, and an electric double layer capacitor 3 using an aqueous electrolytic solution shown in FIG. 3 was produced.

【0017】比較例1として、エラストマー中にグラフ
ァイト粉を含有した構成の導電性ゴムシート41を集電
体とし、また、Au層を形成していない固形の炭素材料
からなる板状分極性電極22を使用し、実施例と同様の
手順とその他の材料で図4に示す従来の電気二重層キャ
パシタ4を作製した。
As Comparative Example 1, a conductive rubber sheet 41 having a configuration in which graphite powder was contained in an elastomer was used as a current collector, and a plate-like polarizable electrode 22 made of a solid carbon material without an Au layer was formed. Was used to produce a conventional electric double layer capacitor 4 shown in FIG.

【0018】比較例2として、実施例と同様のクラッド
材からなる集電体1と、Au層を形成していない比較例
1と同様の炭素材料からなる板状分極性電極22を使用
し、実施例と同様の手順とその他の材料で電気二重層キ
ャパシタを作製した。
As Comparative Example 2, a current collector 1 made of the same cladding material as in the example, and a plate-shaped polarizable electrode 22 made of the same carbon material as in Comparative Example 1 having no Au layer were used. An electric double layer capacitor was manufactured using the same procedure as in the example and other materials.

【0019】作製した電気二重層キャパシタの上下面に
端子板としてCu板を1MPaの圧力で圧着し、本実施
例および比較例の電気二重層キャパシタの1kHzにお
ける等価直列抵抗値(ESR)を測定した結果を表1に
示す。
A Cu plate as a terminal plate was pressure-bonded to the upper and lower surfaces of the manufactured electric double layer capacitor at a pressure of 1 MPa, and the equivalent series resistance (ESR) at 1 kHz of the electric double layer capacitors of this embodiment and the comparative example was measured. Table 1 shows the results.

【0020】また、電気二重層キャパシタの静電容量の
時間変化として、初期の静電容量の値(C)と100
0時間使用後の静電容量の値(C1000)の比(C
100 /C)を本実施例および比較例について測定
した結果も表1に示す。
Further, as the time change of the capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor, the initial capacitance value (C 0 ) and 100
The ratio (C 1000 ) of the capacitance value (C 1000 ) after use for 0 hours
100 0 / C 0 ) of the present example and the comparative example are also shown in Table 1.

【0021】[0021]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0022】この測定結果のように、実施例の電気二重
層キャパシタでは集電体に金属のクラッド材を使用した
ことで、比較例1のような集電体に導電性ゴムを用いた
従来の電気二重層キャパシタに比べて、集電体自体の抵
抗と端子板と集電体間の接触抵抗を低減することがで
き、電気二重層キャパシタの等価直列抵抗を下げること
ができた。また、実施例では集電体に金属を用いたこと
から、集電体と板状分極性電極の両方に弾性がないた
め、分極性電極との間の接触抵抗の増加が予想された
が、板状分極性電極の表面上に貴金属層を形成しておく
ことで、その影響は小さく実施例の電気二重層キャパシ
タの等価直列抵抗は十分小さい値となった。比較例2の
ように板状分極性電極上に貴金属層を形成しなかった電
気二重層キャパシタでは、クラッド材からなる集電体と
板状分極性電極間の接触抵抗が大きくなってしまったた
め、集電体に金属を使用したことによる、集電体自体の
低抵抗化と端子板と集電体間の接触抵抗の低減の効果が
打ち消され、電気二重層キャパシタの等価直列抵抗は大
きな値となった。
As shown in the measurement results, in the electric double layer capacitor of the embodiment, the metal clad material was used for the current collector, and thus the conventional electric double layer capacitor of Comparative Example 1 using the conductive rubber for the current collector was used. Compared with the electric double layer capacitor, the resistance of the current collector itself and the contact resistance between the terminal plate and the current collector can be reduced, and the equivalent series resistance of the electric double layer capacitor can be reduced. In addition, in the examples, since a metal was used for the current collector, both the current collector and the plate-shaped polarizable electrode had no elasticity, and therefore an increase in contact resistance between the polarizable electrode was expected. By forming the noble metal layer on the surface of the plate-shaped polarizable electrode, the effect was small and the equivalent series resistance of the electric double layer capacitor of the example was a sufficiently small value. In the electric double layer capacitor in which the noble metal layer was not formed on the plate-shaped polarizable electrode as in Comparative Example 2, the contact resistance between the current collector made of the clad material and the plate-shaped polarizable electrode was increased. The use of metal for the current collector negates the effects of lowering the resistance of the current collector itself and reducing the contact resistance between the terminal plate and the current collector, and the equivalent series resistance of the electric double layer capacitor is large. became.

【0023】また、実施例のように集電体に金属を使用
することにより、比較例1のような集電体に導電性ゴム
を用いた従来の電気二重層キャパシタに比べて集電体の
気密性が上がり、集電体表面からの硫酸電解液の蒸発に
伴う静電容量の低下を低減することができた。また、集
電体の硫酸電解液を含んだ分極性電極と接する部分がA
uで構成されているため、集電体の腐蝕による静電容量
の低下もなく、電気二重層キャパシタの長期信頼性を改
善することができた。
Further, by using a metal for the current collector as in the embodiment, the current collector can be formed in comparison with a conventional electric double layer capacitor using a conductive rubber for the current collector as in Comparative Example 1. The airtightness was improved, and a decrease in capacitance due to evaporation of the sulfuric acid electrolyte from the current collector surface could be reduced. The portion of the current collector that contacts the polarizable electrode containing the sulfuric acid electrolyte is A
As a result, the long-term reliability of the electric double layer capacitor could be improved without a decrease in capacitance due to corrosion of the current collector.

【0024】[0024]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
集電体を複数の金属から構成されるクラッド材とするこ
とで、集電体自体の抵抗および集電体と端子板との接触
抵抗が低くなり、且つ集電体の気体透過率も低くでき
た。さらに板状分極性電極の表面上に貴金属層を形成す
ることで、板状分極性電極と集電体との接触抵抗も抑え
ることができた。そのため、内部抵抗の低く、長期信頼
性の高い電気二重層キャパシタを提供することができ
た。
As described above, according to the present invention,
By making the current collector a clad material composed of a plurality of metals, the resistance of the current collector itself and the contact resistance between the current collector and the terminal plate can be reduced, and the gas permeability of the current collector can be reduced. Was. Further, by forming a noble metal layer on the surface of the plate-shaped polarizable electrode, the contact resistance between the plate-shaped polarizable electrode and the current collector could be suppressed. Therefore, an electric double layer capacitor with low internal resistance and high long-term reliability could be provided.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の一実施例の電気二重層キャパシタ用の
クラッド材からなる集電体を示す斜視図。
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a current collector made of a clad material for an electric double layer capacitor according to one embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の一実施例の電気二重層キャパシタ用の
Au層を形成した固形の炭素材料からなる板状分極性電
極を示す斜視図。
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a plate-shaped polarizable electrode made of a solid carbon material on which an Au layer for an electric double layer capacitor according to one embodiment of the present invention is formed.

【図3】本発明の一実施例の電気二重層キャパシタを示
す断面図。
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing an electric double layer capacitor according to one embodiment of the present invention.

【図4】従来例の電気二重層キャパシタを示す断面図。FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a conventional electric double layer capacitor.

【図5】電気二重層キャパシタ装置を示す断面図。FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an electric double layer capacitor device.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1:クラッド材からなる集電体。 11:Cuからなるベース金属。 12:Au箔。 2:Au層を形成した板状分極性電極。 21:Au層。 22:板状炭素材料。 3:本発明の一実施例の電気二重層キャパシタ。 31:セパレータ。 32:封止材。 4:従来例の電気二重層キャパシタ。 41:導電性ゴムシート。 5:電気二重層キャパシタ装置。 51:電気二重層キャパシタ積層体。 52:金属端子板。 53:外部端子。 1: Current collector made of clad material. 11: Base metal made of Cu. 12: Au foil. 2: Plate-shaped polarizable electrode on which an Au layer is formed. 21: Au layer. 22: plate-like carbon material. 3: Electric double layer capacitor according to one embodiment of the present invention. 31: separator. 32: sealing material. 4: Conventional electric double layer capacitor. 41: conductive rubber sheet. 5: Electric double layer capacitor device. 51: Electric double layer capacitor laminate. 52: metal terminal plate. 53: external terminal.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 水溶液系電解液を含んだ炭素材料よりな
る分極性電極と集電体の対がセパレータを介して対向し
て配置され、外周部が封止材で封止される構造の電気二
重層キャパシタにおいて、集電体が少なくとも前記分極
性電極と接する部分に貴金属をクラッドした複数の金属
から構成されるクラッド材であり、かつ前記分極性電極
の集電体と接する面上に貴金属層を有することを特徴と
する電気二重層キャパシタ。
1. An electric device having a structure in which a pair of a polarizable electrode and a current collector made of a carbon material containing an aqueous electrolyte solution are arranged to face each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and an outer peripheral portion is sealed with a sealing material. In the double-layer capacitor, the current collector is a clad material composed of a plurality of metals in which at least a portion in contact with the polarizable electrode is clad with a noble metal, and a noble metal layer is formed on a surface of the polarizable electrode in contact with the current collector. An electric double layer capacitor comprising:
【請求項2】 請求項1記載の水溶液系電解液を用いた
電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、集電体が少なくとも前
記分極性電極と接する部分に金、白金、パラジウムもし
くはそれらを含む合金をクラッドしたベースの金属から
なる2層を有するクラッド材であり、前記ベースの金属
は銅、アルミニウムもしくはそれらを含む合金であり、
かつ分極性電極の集電体と接する面上の貴金属層が金、
白金、パラジウムもしくはそれらを含む合金であること
を特徴とする電気二重層キャパシタ。
2. The electric double-layer capacitor using the aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the current collector in contact with the polarizable electrode is clad with gold, platinum, palladium or an alloy containing them. A cladding material having two layers of a metal, the base metal is copper, aluminum or an alloy containing them,
And the noble metal layer on the surface in contact with the current collector of the polarizable electrode is gold,
An electric double layer capacitor comprising platinum, palladium or an alloy containing them.
JP2001178364A 2001-06-13 2001-06-13 Electronic double-layer capacitor Pending JP2002373830A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001178364A JP2002373830A (en) 2001-06-13 2001-06-13 Electronic double-layer capacitor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001178364A JP2002373830A (en) 2001-06-13 2001-06-13 Electronic double-layer capacitor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2002373830A true JP2002373830A (en) 2002-12-26

Family

ID=19019076

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2001178364A Pending JP2002373830A (en) 2001-06-13 2001-06-13 Electronic double-layer capacitor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2002373830A (en)

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