JP2002354895A - Hydro-poewr generator and method of operating and controlling it - Google Patents
Hydro-poewr generator and method of operating and controlling itInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002354895A JP2002354895A JP2001150204A JP2001150204A JP2002354895A JP 2002354895 A JP2002354895 A JP 2002354895A JP 2001150204 A JP2001150204 A JP 2001150204A JP 2001150204 A JP2001150204 A JP 2001150204A JP 2002354895 A JP2002354895 A JP 2002354895A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- flow rate
- rotation speed
- fixed guide
- water turbine
- control valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Control Of Water Turbines (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は水力発電装置の運転
制御装置に係り、特にダムからの水を地上の川に流す放
水管路などに設置される、固定案内羽根の水車を有する
小規模水力発電設備に好適な水力発電装置および運転制
御方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an operation control device for a hydroelectric power generator, and more particularly to a small-scale hydropower plant having fixed guide vanes and a water turbine installed in a discharge pipe for flowing water from a dam to a river on the ground. The present invention relates to a hydraulic power generation device and an operation control method suitable for power generation equipment.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図１１は、上記のような小規模水力発電
設備の一般的構成図を示したもので、上池１から流量調
整機能を有する入口弁である流量調整弁２を通り、図示
しない固定案内羽根を有する水車３に流入した水は、こ
の固定案内羽根で整流されたのち羽根車を通過し、吸出
し配管４に流入し、下池５に流出する。また羽根車は回
転軸６を介して発電機７に接続されており、水の力で水
車の羽根車が回転すると発電機７も回転し電力が発生す
る。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a general configuration of a small-scale hydroelectric power plant as described above. FIG. 11 shows a flow from an upper pond 1 through a flow control valve 2 which is an inlet valve having a flow control function. The water that has flowed into the water wheel 3 having the fixed guide blades that do not flow is straightened by the fixed guide blades, passes through the impeller, flows into the suction pipe 4, and flows out to the lower pond 5. Further, the impeller is connected to a generator 7 via a rotating shaft 6, and when the impeller of the water wheel rotates by the force of water, the generator 7 also rotates to generate electric power.
【０００３】上記の構成で水車の回転数を一定にして運
転した場合の落差Ｈと流量Ｑの関係は、図１２に示すよ
うになる。この図で、縦軸は水車の落差Ｈ、横軸は水車
の流量Ｑを示す。また、 Ｈｓｔは、図１１の上池１の
水位と下池５の水位差である。有効落差Ｈは流量調整弁
２の下流の圧力と水車出口の圧力（＝下池水位）の差に
等しい。ここで、実線Ｌは水車の運転点の変化を示し、
点Ｏは定格点、点ＮＲは無拘束点である。[0003] The relationship between the head H and the flow rate Q when the turbine is operated with the rotation speed of the water turbine kept constant is as shown in FIG. In this figure, the vertical axis indicates the head H of the turbine and the horizontal axis indicates the flow rate Q of the turbine. Hst is a water level difference between the upper pond 1 and the lower pond 5 in FIG. The effective head H is equal to the difference between the pressure downstream of the flow control valve 2 and the pressure at the turbine outlet (= water level at the lower pond). Here, the solid line L indicates a change in the operating point of the turbine,
Point O is a rated point, and point NR is an unconstrained point.
【０００４】こうした水力発電装置において、流量調整
弁２の開度を小さくすると、流量調整弁２での流動損失
が増加するため、水車の有効落差Ｈは小さいくなり運転
点はＯ’となり、流量もＱからＱ’に減少する。すなわ
ち、このような水力発電装置は、可動式の案内羽根を持
たず、流量調整弁２によってその流量を調整するため、
流量調整に伴って流量調整弁２の流動抵抗が変化し、こ
の流動損失分だけ有効落差Ｈが変化する。例えば流量調
整弁２の開度を全開から絞っていくと、回転数一定の場
合有効落差Ｈが小さくなるにつれその運転点が点Ｏから
点ＮＲへと変化する。このとき、この水車３による発電
効率は徐々に低下し、点ＮＲで零となる。そして、この
回転数を保ったまま流量調整弁２をこれよりも更に絞っ
て有効落差Ｈを小さくすることは不可能である。すなわ
ち、このような水力発電装置において、流量調整が可能
な範囲は図１２の矢印で示したＱｒａｎｇｅの範囲とな
る。In such a hydraulic power plant, when the opening of the flow control valve 2 is reduced, the flow loss at the flow control valve 2 increases, so that the effective head H of the turbine becomes small, the operating point becomes O ', and Also decreases from Q to Q ′. That is, since such a hydroelectric power generator does not have a movable guide blade and adjusts its flow rate by the flow rate adjusting valve 2,
The flow resistance of the flow control valve 2 changes with the flow control, and the effective head H changes by the flow loss. For example, when the opening of the flow control valve 2 is reduced from the fully opened position, the operating point changes from the point O to the point NR as the effective head H becomes smaller when the rotation speed is constant. At this time, the power generation efficiency of the water turbine 3 gradually decreases and becomes zero at the point NR. Then, it is impossible to reduce the effective head H by further narrowing the flow control valve 2 while maintaining this rotation speed. That is, in such a hydroelectric generator, the range in which the flow rate can be adjusted is the range of Qrange indicated by the arrow in FIG.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、上池１に流
れ込む水量は、大雨が降った場合など急激に増加し、上
池１からの溢水を防ぐため放水量も増加させる必要があ
る一方で、上池の水量が減少しても下流側の要求で多少
の水量を確保しなければならない場合がある。このた
め、水力発電装置を介して流す流量は、季節や天候など
の条件によって大幅に変える必要がある。By the way, the amount of water flowing into the upper pond 1 suddenly increases when heavy rain falls, and the amount of water discharged needs to be increased in order to prevent overflow from the upper pond 1. Even if the amount of water in the upper pond decreases, it may be necessary to secure a certain amount of water according to downstream requirements. For this reason, the flow rate flowing through the hydroelectric generator needs to be largely changed depending on conditions such as the season and the weather.
【０００６】しかしながら、前記従来の水力発電装置に
おいては、流量調整弁２の開度を調整して流量調整が行
えるのは、Ｑｒａｎｇｅの範囲であり、更にこの水車３
の発電効率を考えると、実用上ごく狭い範囲に限られ
る。このため、上池１からの流量を大幅に変更する要求
にこらえられない問題点があった。However, in the above-mentioned conventional hydraulic power generator, the flow rate can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the flow control valve 2 in the range of Qrange.
In consideration of the power generation efficiency of the system, it is practically limited to a very narrow range. For this reason, there has been a problem that the demand for greatly changing the flow rate from the upper pond 1 cannot be satisfied.
【０００７】本発明は、上記の点に鑑み、発電効率を考
慮した上で、水車に流れる流量の調整範囲を広げること
が可能な固定案内羽根水車を有する水力発電装置および
その運転制御方法を提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, the present invention provides a hydraulic power generator having a fixed guide impeller and a method of controlling the operation thereof, which is capable of expanding the range of adjusting the flow rate flowing through the water turbine in consideration of the power generation efficiency. The purpose is to do.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】請求項１に係る発明は、
流動抵抗が変化する流量調整弁を用いて固定案内羽根水
車に流す流量を調整する水力発電装置において、前記流
量調整弁による前記流量の調整に応じて、前記固定案内
羽根水車の回転数を変化させる水車変速装置を備えたこ
とを特徴とする。The invention according to claim 1 is
In a hydraulic power generator that adjusts a flow rate flowing through a fixed guide impeller using a flow control valve whose flow resistance changes, a rotation speed of the fixed guide impeller is changed in accordance with the adjustment of the flow rate by the flow control valve. It is characterized by having a water turbine transmission.
【０００９】請求項２に係る発明は、請求項１の構成に
更に、前記流量調整弁を所定開度に調整する指令信号と
共に、前記水車変速装置に前記固定案内羽根水車の回転
数を所定値に調整する指令信号を出力する開度回転数調
整器を備えたことを特徴とする。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first aspect, a command signal for adjusting the flow control valve to a predetermined opening and a rotation speed of the fixed guide impeller turbine are set to a predetermined value by the water turbine transmission. And an opening rotation speed adjuster that outputs a command signal for adjusting the rotation speed.
【００１０】請求項３に係る発明は、請求項１又は２に
記載の構成に更に、前記流量に最適な前記固定案内羽根
水車の回転数を算出する演算装置を設けたことを特徴と
する。According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the configuration according to the first or second aspect, further comprising an arithmetic unit for calculating a rotational speed of the fixed guide impeller, which is optimal for the flow rate.
【００１１】請求項４に係る発明は、請求項１の構成に
更に、前記流量調整弁を所定開度に調整する指令信号を
出力する開度調整器と、前記固定案内羽根水車の入口と
出口の差圧である有効落差を検出する有効落差検出器
と、前記固定案内羽根水車の回転数を調整する指令信号
を前記有効落差の関数として前記水車変速装置に出力す
る回転数調整器を設けたことを特徴とする。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first aspect, an opening adjuster for outputting a command signal for adjusting the flow adjustment valve to a predetermined opening, and an inlet and an outlet of the fixed guide impeller turbine. An effective head detector for detecting an effective head which is a differential pressure of the turbine, and a rotation speed adjuster for outputting a command signal for adjusting the rotation speed of the fixed guide impeller turbine to the water turbine transmission as a function of the effective head. It is characterized by the following.
【００１２】請求項５に係る発明は、請求項１から４の
いずれかにおける前記水車変速装置を、前記固定案内羽
根水車に接続する発電機の励磁周波数を変えることによ
り水車の回転数を変化させるように構成したことを特徴
とする。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the rotation speed of the water turbine is changed by changing an excitation frequency of a generator connected to the fixed guide vane turbine of the water turbine transmission according to any one of the first to fourth aspects. It is characterized by having such a configuration.
【００１３】請求項６に係る発明は、請求項１から４の
いずれかに記載の水車変速装置を、前記固定案内羽根水
車の回転軸と発電機の回転軸との間の回転数比を変える
ことにより水車の回転数を変化させるように構成したも
のである。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the water turbine transmission according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein a rotation speed ratio between a rotation shaft of the fixed guide impeller and a rotation shaft of the generator is changed. Thus, the rotation speed of the water turbine is changed.
【００１４】請求項７に係る発明は、流動抵抗が変化す
る流量調整弁を用いて固定案内羽根水車に流す流量を調
整する水力発電装置の運転制御方法において、前記流量
調整弁による前記流量の調整に応じて、前記固定案内羽
根水車の回転数を変化させることを特徴とする。According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an operation control method of a hydraulic power generator for adjusting a flow rate flowing through a fixed guide impeller using a flow rate control valve having a variable flow resistance, wherein the flow rate is controlled by the flow rate control valve. The rotation speed of the fixed guide impeller turbine is changed in accordance with
【００１５】請求項８係る発明は、請求項７における固
定案内羽根水車の回転数を、該固定案内羽根水車の有効
落差の関数となるように調整するようにしたことを特徴
とする。The invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that the rotation speed of the fixed guide impeller is set to be a function of the effective head of the fixed guide impeller.
【００１６】請求項９に係る発明は、流動抵抗が変化す
る流量調整弁を用いて固定案内羽根水車に流す流量を調
整する水力発電装置において、要求される水車の流量と
定格流量との比に応じた周期で前記流量調整弁をＯＮ／
ＯＦＦする指令信号と共に、前記水車変速装置により前
記固定案内羽根水車に接続される発電機をＯＮ／ＯＦＦ
する指令信号を出力する間欠運転指令装置を設けたこと
を特徴とする。According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hydraulic power generator for adjusting a flow rate of a fixed guide vane turbine using a flow rate control valve having a variable flow resistance. The flow control valve is turned ON /
Along with the command signal to turn off, the generator connected to the fixed guide impeller by the water turbine transmission is turned on / off.
An intermittent operation command device for outputting a command signal to perform the operation.
【００１７】請求項１０に係る発明は、流動抵抗が変化
する流量調整弁を用いて固定案内羽根水車に流す流量を
調整する水力発電装置の運転制御方法において、前記流
量調整弁を間欠的に開閉制御し、前記流量調整弁が開い
ているとき発電を行うことを特徴とする。According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an operation control method of a hydraulic power generator for adjusting a flow rate flowing to a fixed guide impeller using a flow rate control valve having a variable flow resistance. Controlling, and generating electricity when the flow regulating valve is open.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は、本発明による水力発電装
置の運転制御装置の第１実施例を示す概念構成図で、前
述図１１と同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示している。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a first embodiment of an operation control device for a hydroelectric power generator according to the present invention. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 11 denote the same or corresponding parts.
【００１９】この実施例で、図１１と異なる点は、発電
機７から電力系統への出力周波数を系統周波数と同じ値
に保ったままで水車３の回転数を変えるため、発電機７
の回転子に交流励磁電流を供給する周波数変換装置８と
からなる水車変速装置９を備えた点、および、上池１か
ら水車３を経て下池５に流れる流量を調節する流量調整
弁２に開度指令ａを出すと共に、周波数変換装置８に回
転数指令ｂを出す開度回転数調整器１０を備えた点であ
る。This embodiment differs from FIG. 11 in that the rotation frequency of the water turbine 3 is changed while the output frequency from the generator 7 to the power system is kept at the same value as the system frequency.
And a flow control valve 2 for adjusting a flow rate from the upper pond 1 to the lower pond 5 through the water turbine 3 through the water turbine 3 and a frequency converter 8 for supplying an AC exciting current to the rotor. The difference is that an opening degree rotation speed adjuster 10 that issues a degree command a and issues a rotation number command b to the frequency conversion device 8 is provided.
【００２０】すなわち、本実施例においては、発電機７
と周波数変換機８が水車変速装置９を構成しており、こ
の水車変速装置９により電力系統への出力周波数を変化
させずに水車３の回転数を変化させることができる。That is, in this embodiment, the generator 7
And the frequency converter 8 constitute a water turbine transmission 9, which allows the rotation speed of the water turbine 3 to be changed without changing the output frequency to the electric power system.
【００２１】なお、流量調整弁２は、図では水車３の入
口側に設けているが、出口側に設けるなど、上池１から
下池５に至る配水管路上の適宜の位置に設けることがで
きる。Although the flow control valve 2 is provided at the inlet side of the water turbine 3 in the drawing, it can be provided at an appropriate position on the water distribution pipe from the upper pond 1 to the lower pond 5, such as at the outlet side. .
【００２２】この構成で、流量と流量調整弁２の開度と
の関係は予め分かっているので、水車３の運転中は、手
動あるいはプログラムによる自動で、流量を所望の値に
するための開度指令ａを開度回転数調整器１０より流量
調整弁２に出力する。また、その開度指令ａによる流量
に対応して、発電効率を考慮して水車３の回転数を所望
の値にするための回転数指令ｂを周波数変換装置８に出
力する。In this configuration, since the relationship between the flow rate and the degree of opening of the flow rate regulating valve 2 is known in advance, during operation of the water turbine 3, the flow rate is controlled manually or automatically by a program to set the flow rate to a desired value. The degree command a is output from the opening degree rotational speed regulator 10 to the flow rate regulating valve 2. Further, in response to the flow rate according to the opening degree command a, a rotation speed command b for setting the rotation speed of the water turbine 3 to a desired value in consideration of the power generation efficiency is output to the frequency converter 8.
【００２３】これにより、例えば流量調整弁２が電動弁
により構成されている場合は、開度回転数調整器１０か
らの開度指令ａを受けてモータが回転し、流量調整弁２
を所定の開度に設定して対応する流量を水車３に供給す
る。Thus, for example, when the flow control valve 2 is constituted by a motor-operated valve, the motor rotates in response to the opening command a from the opening rotation speed controller 10, and the flow control valve 2
Is set to a predetermined opening, and the corresponding flow rate is supplied to the water turbine 3.
【００２４】一方、周波数変換装置８は、開度回転数調
整器１０からの回転数指令ｂを受けて、所定の周波数の
励磁電流を発電機７の回転子に供給し、発電機７の回転
子を励磁する。この発電機７は、回転子が直流で励磁さ
れている場合に定格回転数ｎ０で回転し、系統周波数ｆ
０と同一周波数の電力を出力する。励磁電流の周波数を
０の直流からｆの交流に変えたときの回転数をｎとする
と、 （ｎ０−ｎ）／ｎ０＝ｆ／ｆ０・・・（１） の関係式が成り立つ。従って、この関係式を満足するよ
うに励磁電流の周波数を決定すれば、水車３の回転数を
所望の値に設定することが出来る。例えば、５０Ｈｚの
電力系統で回転数ｎを定格回転数ｎ０の１／２にしたい
場合は、ｆ＝２５Ｈｚの交流電流で発電機７を励磁すれ
ばよい。On the other hand, the frequency converter 8 receives the rotation speed command b from the opening rotation speed controller 10 and supplies an exciting current of a predetermined frequency to the rotor of the generator 7 to rotate the generator 7. Excite the child. This generator 7 rotates at the rated speed n0 when the rotor is excited with DC, and the system frequency f
Outputs power of the same frequency as 0. Assuming that the number of rotations when the frequency of the exciting current is changed from 0 direct current to f alternating current is n, the relational expression of (n0−n) / n0 = f / f0 (1) holds. Therefore, if the frequency of the exciting current is determined so as to satisfy this relational expression, the rotation speed of the water turbine 3 can be set to a desired value. For example, when it is desired to set the rotation speed n to の of the rated rotation speed n0 in a 50 Hz power system, the generator 7 may be excited with an alternating current of f = 25 Hz.
【００２５】図２は、水車３の回転数をｎ1からｎ2に変
化した場合の、水車３における流量Ｑと有効落差Ｈの関
係を示したものである。水車の回転数ｎがｎ1に等しい
時の流量Ｑと有効落差Ｈの関係は曲線Ｌ1で示すよう、
点Ｏ1が定格運転点で点ＮＲ1が無拘束速度点となってい
る。したがって、回転数がｎがｎ1の時の流量調整範囲
は図のＱｒａｎｇｅ1の範囲となる。一方水車３の回転
がｎがｎ1よりも低いｎ 2である場合の水車３における流
量Ｑと有効落差Ｈの関係は曲線Ｌ2に示すようになり、
点Ｏ2が定格運転点で点ＮＲ2のが無拘束速度点となる。
従って、回転数ｎがｎ2の時の流量調整範囲はＱｒａｎ
ｇｅ2の範囲となる。FIG. 2 shows that the rotation speed of the water turbine 3 is n1To nTwoStrange
Between the flow rate Q and the effective head H in the turbine 3
It shows the person in charge. The rotation speed n of the water turbine is n1be equivalent to
The relationship between the flow Q at the time and the effective head H is represented by a curve L.1As shown in
Point O1Is the rated operating point and the point NR1Is an unconstrained speed point
You. Therefore, when the rotation speed is n1Flow adjustment range at
Is the Qrange of the figure1Range. On the other hand, rotation of water wheel 3
Is n1Lower than n TwoIn the water turbine 3 when
The relationship between the quantity Q and the effective head H is represented by a curve L.TwoAs shown in
Point OTwoIs the rated operating point and the point NRTwoIs the unconstrained speed point.
Therefore, when the rotational speed n is nTwoThe flow rate adjustment range at the time of
geTwoRange.
【００２６】そして、水車３の回転数ｎを調整すること
が可能な場合、回転数がｎ1のときの流量調整範囲であ
るＱｒａｎｇｅ1と回転数がｎ2のときの流量調整範囲Ｑ
ｒａｎｇｅ2を組み合わせて水車３を運転することが可
能となるので、水車３の全運転可能範囲は図示したＱｒ
ａｎｇｅの範囲となり、回転数ｎが固定されている場合
と比して流量Ｑの調整範囲を広く取ることが可能であ
る。[0026] Then, if it is possible to adjust the rotational speed n of the hydraulic turbine 3, the flow rate adjustment range when qRange 1 and the rotational speed rotational speed is the flow rate adjustment range when the n 1 is n 2 Q
It is possible to drive the water turbine 3 by combining the range 2 and the entire operable range of the water turbine 3 is represented by Qr shown in the figure.
and the range of adjustment of the flow rate Q can be made wider than in the case where the rotation speed n is fixed.
【００２７】本実施例では、開度回転数調整器１０から
の回転数指令ｂに基づいて周波数変換装置８より周波数
ｆの励磁電流を発電機７の回転子に供給することによっ
て、電力系統への出力周波数を系統周波数ｆ１０に保っ
たまま、発電機７の定格回転数ｎ０から（１）式によっ
て任意に回転数を低下させることが可能である。このた
め、この周波数変換装置８と発電機７によって構成され
る水車変速装置９を用いると、水車３の回転数ｎについ
ても発電機７の定格回転数ｎ０から任意に低下させるこ
とができる。In the present embodiment, an exciting current having a frequency f is supplied from the frequency converter 8 to the rotor of the generator 7 based on the rotation speed command b from the opening rotation speed regulator 10, thereby providing a power system. Can be arbitrarily reduced from the rated rotational speed n0 of the generator 7 by the equation (1) while the output frequency of the generator 7 is maintained at the system frequency f10. For this reason, if the water turbine transmission 9 composed of the frequency converter 8 and the generator 7 is used, the rotation speed n of the turbine 3 can be arbitrarily reduced from the rated rotation speed n0 of the generator 7.
【００２８】したがって本実施例を用いると、可動式の
案内羽根を備えず、流量調整に伴って流動損失が生じて
有効落差が変化するような水車であっても流量の調整範
囲を廣く取って運転することが可能となる。Therefore, when the present embodiment is used, even if the turbine is not provided with movable guide vanes and a flow loss occurs with the flow rate adjustment and the effective head changes, the flow rate adjustment range is widened. It becomes possible to drive.
【００２９】図３は、本発明による水力発電装置の運転
制御装置の第２実施例を示す概念構成図で、前述図１と
同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示している。この構成で
図１と異なる点は、水車変速装置９が、変速機操作器１
３と変速機１４とから構成されている点である。FIG. 3 is a conceptual block diagram showing a second embodiment of the operation control apparatus for a hydroelectric power generator according to the present invention. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding parts. This configuration differs from FIG. 1 in that the water turbine transmission 9 is
3 and the transmission 14.
【００３０】発電機７は系統周波数と同期回転して同一
周波数の電力を出力する同期発電機であり、水車３の主
軸６ａと発電機７の主軸６ｂは変速機１４を介して接続
されている。The generator 7 is a synchronous generator that rotates in synchronism with the system frequency and outputs electric power of the same frequency. The main shaft 6a of the water turbine 3 and the main shaft 6b of the generator 7 are connected via a transmission 14. .
【００３１】変速機１４は、水車主軸６ａに装着された
２種類の直径を有する水車軸プーリー１４ａ、１４ｂ
と、発電機７の主軸６ｂに装着された直径が一定の発電
機軸プーリー１４ｃと、これらのプーリー１４ａまたは
１４ｂと、プーリー１４ｃとを結合するベルト１４ｄと
で構成されている。The transmission 14 includes two types of water turbine pulleys 14a, 14b mounted on the water turbine main shaft 6a.
And a generator shaft pulley 14c having a constant diameter mounted on the main shaft 6b of the generator 7, and a belt 14d connecting the pulley 14a or 14b and the pulley 14c.
【００３２】この変速機１４は、変速機操作器１３によ
り操作されて、ベルト１４ｄの位置を１４ａの位置から
１４ｂの位置に変えることにより、発電機７を同期速度
に保ちつつ水車３の回転数を変化させることができる。The transmission 14 is operated by the transmission operation device 13 to change the position of the belt 14d from the position of 14a to the position of 14b, thereby keeping the generator 7 at the synchronous speed and the rotation speed of the water turbine 3. Can be changed.
【００３３】図４は、本実施例の水車変速装置９を用い
た場合の、水車３における流量Ｑと有効落差Ｈとの関係
を示したものである。同図において、ベルト１４ｄの位
置が１４ａの場合、水車３の回転数ｎはｎ3となり、こ
の回転数のときの流量Ｑと有効落差Ｈとの関係は曲線Ｌ
3で示されるものとなる。また、ベルト１４ｄの位置が
１４ｂの場合、水車３の回転数ｎはｎ4となり、この回
転数の時の流量Ｑと有効落差Ｈとの関係は曲線Ｌ4で示
されるものとなる。FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the flow rate Q and the effective head H in the water turbine 3 when the water turbine transmission 9 of this embodiment is used. In the figure, when the position of the belt 14d is 14a, the rotational speed n is n 3 next to the water wheel 3, the relationship between the flow rate Q and the effective head H when the rotational speed curve L
It is shown by 3 . Also, if the position of the belt 14d is 14b, the rotational speed n is n 4 next to the water wheel 3, the relationship between the flow rate Q and the effective head H when the rotational speed becomes that shown by the curve L 4.
【００３４】そして、本実施例においては、水車３の回
転数がｎ3の場合曲線Ｌ3の定格運転点Ｏ3に対応する流
量Ｑから無拘束速度点ＮＲ3に対応する流量ＱまでのＱ
ｒａｎｇｅ1に対して流量Ｑの調整が可能であり、水車
３の回転数がＮ4の場合曲線Ｌ4の定格運転点Ｏ4に対応
する流量Ｑから無拘束運転点Ｒ4に対応する流量Ｑまで
のＱｒａｎｇｅ2に対して流量Ｑの調整が可能であるの
で、これらを組み合わせることによって、Ｑｒａｎｇｅ
で示される範囲で流量Ｑの調整を行うことが可能とな
る。In this embodiment, when the rotation speed of the water turbine 3 is n 3 , the flow rate Q from the flow rate Q corresponding to the rated operating point O 3 of the curve L 3 to the flow rate Q corresponding to the unconstrained speed point NR 3 is obtained.
it is possible to adjust the flow rate Q with respect to range 1, the flow rate Q of the rotation speed of the water wheel 3 corresponds to the unrestrained operating point R 4 from the flow Q corresponding to the rated operation point O 4 where the curve L 4 of N 4 Since the flow rate Q can be adjusted for Qrange 2 up to Qrange 2 , by combining these, Qrange
It is possible to adjust the flow rate Q within the range indicated by.
【００３５】特に、例えば、曲線Ｌ3の無拘束速度点Ｎ
Ｒ3に対応する流量Ｑと、曲線Ｌ4の定格運転点Ｏ4に対
応する流量Ｑが等しくなるように水車３の回転数ｎ3お
よびｎ 4を決定すると、流量Ｑの調整範囲は回転数の調
整をしない場合のほぼ２倍になる。In particular, for example, the curve LThreeUnconstrained speed point N
RThreeAnd the curve L corresponding toFourRated operating point OFourTo
The rotation speed n of the water turbine 3 so that the corresponding flow rates Q become equal.ThreeYou
And n FourIs determined, the adjustment range of the flow rate Q is adjusted to the rotational speed.
It is almost twice as much as without adjustment.
【００３６】また、曲線Ｌ3の無拘束速度点ＮＲ3付近で
は発電効率がほとんど零に近くなるため、曲線Ｌ3上で
実用的な流量調整範囲を許容できる発電効率によって定
め、この発電効率の最低点における流量Ｑと、曲線Ｌ4
の定格運転点Ｏ4に対応する流量Ｑが等しくなるように
することで、発電効率を大きく低下させずに、幅広い範
囲で流量調整を行うことができる。Further, since the power generation efficiency is close to almost zero in the vicinity of unrestrained velocity point NR 3 curves L 3, defined by the power generation efficiency can tolerate practical flow adjustment range on the curve L 3, the power generation efficiency The flow rate Q at the lowest point and the curve L 4
By making the flow rates Q corresponding to the rated operating point O 4 equal, the flow rate can be adjusted in a wide range without greatly lowering the power generation efficiency.
【００３７】なお、上記実施例では、水車３の回転数ｎ
を２つの回転数ｎ3、ｎ4に切り換える場合を示したが、
３つ以上の回転数を切り換えるものとすることもでき
る。また、上記実施例では変速機１４はベルトとプーリ
ーにより構成した例について示したが、歯車、チェーン
を用いても構成することができ、同様の作用効果を奏す
る。In the above embodiment, the rotation speed n of the water turbine 3
Is switched to two rotation speeds n 3 and n 4 ,
It is also possible to switch three or more rotation speeds. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the example has been described in which the transmission 14 is configured by a belt and a pulley. However, the transmission 14 can be configured by using a gear and a chain, and the same operation and effect can be obtained.
【００３８】図５は、本発明による水力発電装置の運転
制御装置の第３実施例を示す概念構成図で、前述図１と
同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示している。この構成で
図１と異なる点は、流量調整弁２の開度と水車３の回転
数とを最適な組み合わせにする値を算出する演算装置１
５を設けた点である。FIG. 5 is a conceptual block diagram showing a third embodiment of the operation control apparatus for a hydroelectric power generator according to the present invention. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding parts. The difference between this configuration and FIG. 1 is that the arithmetic unit 1 calculates a value that makes the opening of the flow control valve 2 and the rotation speed of the water turbine 3 an optimal combination.
5 is provided.
【００３９】この演算装置１５は、流量Ｑの指令を受
け、最適な調整弁開度と発電機／水車回転数を演算す
る。即ち、この演算装置１５には、あらかじめ流量調整
弁２と水車３の特性を考慮して決められ各流量における
最適な調整弁開度の水車の回転数の組み合わせが記憶さ
れており、流量Ｑの指令を受けると、ただちに最適な調
整弁開度と水車の回転数を演算して出力する。The arithmetic unit 15 receives a command for the flow rate Q, and calculates an optimum adjustment valve opening and a generator / water turbine rotation speed. That is, the arithmetic unit 15 stores in advance the combination of the rotation speed of the turbine with the optimal opening degree of the regulating valve at each flow rate which is determined in advance in consideration of the characteristics of the flow rate regulating valve 2 and the turbine 3. Upon receiving the command, the optimum valve opening and the rotation speed of the turbine are calculated and output immediately.
【００４０】この演算結果を受けて、開度回転数調整器
１０は流量調整弁２に開度指令ａを出すと共に、周波数
変換装置８に回転数指令ｂを出す。この開度指令ａに応
じて流量調整弁２が所定開度に設定されて対応する流量
Ｑを水車３に供給する。これと共に、前記図１の場合と
同様にして、周波数変換装置８が所定の周波数の交流励
磁電流を発電機７の回転子に供給して水車３の回転数を
所定の値に制御する。In response to the calculation result, the opening rotation speed controller 10 issues an opening command a to the flow control valve 2 and issues a rotation command b to the frequency converter 8. The flow control valve 2 is set to a predetermined opening in accordance with the opening command a to supply a corresponding flow Q to the water turbine 3. At the same time, as in the case of FIG. 1, the frequency converter 8 supplies an AC exciting current of a predetermined frequency to the rotor of the generator 7 to control the rotation speed of the water turbine 3 to a predetermined value.
【００４１】これにより、図６に示すように、流量Ｑに
応じて水車３の回転数ｎを連続かつ最適に変化させるこ
とができる。図６は、水車３における流量Ｑと有効落差
との関係を示したグラフである。同図において点線で示
される曲線Ｌ1、Ｌ2、Ｌ3は水車３の回転数ｎをそれぞ
れｎのｎ1、ｎ2、ｎ3の一定に保った場合の流量Ｑと有
効落差Ｈとの関係を示した流量−有効落差特性曲線であ
る。Thus, as shown in FIG. 6, the rotation speed n of the water turbine 3 can be continuously and optimally changed according to the flow rate Q. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the flow rate Q and the effective head in the water turbine 3. Curves L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 indicated by dotted lines in FIG. 3 indicate the relationship between the flow rate Q and the effective head H when the rotation speed n of the water turbine 3 is maintained at n 1 , n 2 , and n 3 , respectively. 6 is a flow rate-effective head characteristic curve showing the relationship.
【００４２】また、一点鎖線で示される曲線Ｖ1、Ｖ2、
Ｖ3は流量調整弁２の開度を一定に保った場合の流量と
有効落差との関係を示す仮想的な曲線（流動抵抗曲線）
である。ここで、曲線Ｖ1は流量調整弁２の開度が全開
に近い場合を示し、曲線Ｖ2、Ｖ3となるにつれ開度が小
さくなる（流動調整弁２が閉じられる）ことを示してい
る。すなわち、流量調整弁２の開度を一定に保った場
合、流量Ｑを増大しようとする流量調整弁２における流
動損失も増大して有効落差Ｈが低下することを示してい
る。The curves V 1 , V 2 ,
V 3 is a virtual curve (flow resistance curve) showing the relationship between the flow rate and the effective head when the opening of the flow control valve 2 is kept constant.
It is. Here, the curve V 1 was shows the case opening of flow control valve 2 is close to the full open, indicating that the opening is reduced as the the curve V 2, V 3 (flow control valve 2 is closed) . That is, when the opening degree of the flow control valve 2 is kept constant, the flow loss in the flow control valve 2 in which the flow rate Q is to be increased also increases, and the effective head H decreases.
【００４３】ここで、水車３の運転点は、上述の流量−
有効落差特性曲線（曲線Ｌ1、Ｌ2、Ｌ3）と流動抵抗曲
線（曲線Ｖ1、Ｖ2、Ｖ3）との交点で決定される。Here, the operating point of the water turbine 3 is determined by the above-mentioned flow rate−
It is determined at the intersection of the effective head characteristic curves (curves L 1 , L 2 , L 3 ) and the flow resistance curves (curves V 1 , V 2 , V 3 ).
【００４４】いま、水車３の回転数ｎがｎ1の場合定格
運転点Ｏ1は曲線Ｌ1と曲線Ｖ1の交点であり、回転数が
ｎ2の場合定格運転点Ｏ2は曲線Ｌ2と曲線Ｖ2の交点、そ
して、回転数がｎ3の場合の定格運転点Ｏ3は曲線Ｌ3と
曲線Ｖ3の交点となる場合、曲線Ｖ1、Ｖ2、Ｖ3を規定す
る流量調整弁２の開度は、それぞれ回転数ｎがｎ1、
ｎ2、ｎ3の場合に高い発電効率が得られる開度となる。
すなわち、水車３の回転数ｎと流量調整弁２の開度を適
正に調整すれば発電効率の高い定格運転点Ｏ1、Ｏ2、Ｏ
3で水車３を運転することが可能となり、その場合に流
量ＱはＱ1、Ｑ2、Ｑ3へと変化することになる。[0044] Now, the rated operation point O 1 when the rotational speed n is n 1 of the water wheel 3 is the intersection of the curve L 1 and the curve V 1, the rated operation point O 2 when the rotational speed n 2 the curve L 2 the intersection of the curve V 2 and, when the rotation speed is the rated operation point O 3 in the case of n 3 is made of the intersection of the curve L 3 and the curve V 3, the flow rate adjustment that define the curve V 1, V 2, V 3 The opening degree of the valve 2 is such that the rotation speed n is n 1 ,
In the case of n 2 and n 3, the opening is such that high power generation efficiency can be obtained.
That is, if the rotation speed n of the water turbine 3 and the opening of the flow control valve 2 are properly adjusted, the rated operating points O 1 , O 2 , O with high power generation efficiency are obtained.
3 it is possible to operate the hydraulic turbine 3, the flow rate Q will be changed to Q 1, Q 2, Q 3 in this case.
【００４５】そして、このように発電効率の高く保った
まま水車３を運転するために、本実施例では水車３の運
転点が、水車３の回転数ｎが変化しても水車３が定格運
転を行うことが可能な曲線Ｌ０上を移動するように回転
数ｎと流量調整弁２の開度を制御する。In order to operate the water turbine 3 while keeping the power generation efficiency high, in this embodiment, the operating point of the water turbine 3 is set to the rated operation even if the rotation speed n of the water turbine 3 changes. The rotation speed n and the degree of opening of the flow control valve 2 are controlled so as to move on a curve L0 that can perform the following operations.
【００４６】このため、本実施例において演算装置１５
は、流量Ｑと、この流量Ｑに対応する直線Ｌ０上の点に
おける回転数ｎと流量調整弁２の開度の組合せの関数を
備えるものとなっている。For this reason, in the present embodiment, the arithmetic unit 15
Has a function of the flow rate Q and a combination of the rotation speed n and the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 2 at a point on the straight line L0 corresponding to the flow rate Q.
【００４７】以上の様に、この実施例では、水車の運転
点は線Ｌ0上を動くことになる。この場合、回転数をｎ1
にしたまま調整弁を絞ることにより曲線Ｌ1上を点ＮＲ1
まで移動させることにより流量を減らすこともできる
が、曲線Ｌ0上を動かした方が有効落差が高くとれるの
で、調整弁のみを操作して曲線Ｌ1上で流量調整運転を
するより発電効率は高くなる。[0047] As described above, in this embodiment, the operating point of the water wheel will be moved over the line L 0. In this case, the rotation speed is n 1
Point on the curve L 1 by squeezing the left control valve was NR 1
Although the flow rate can be reduced by moving the control valve up to the curve L 0 , the effective head can be increased by moving the curve L 0. Therefore, the power generation efficiency is lower than the flow rate adjustment operation performed on the curve L 1 by operating only the regulating valve. Get higher.
【００４８】なお、流量調整範囲はＱ1からＱ3までとな
り、図中に示したＱｒａｎｇｅの範囲となる。ここで、
Ｑ３の値は、水車３および発電機７の回転数ｎを最小に
した場合に、最高の発電効率を示す流動調整弁２の開度
に対応するものであるので、水車３および発電機７の回
転数ｎの調整可能範囲によって決定されることとなる。
しかしながら、流量Ｑ3以下であっても、水車３の回転
数はｎを一定（ｎ3）として、流量調整弁２の開度を絞
っていけば、曲線Ｌ3に沿って流量Ｑと有効落差Ｈの関
係が変化するため、曲線Ｌ3上の点ＮＲ3までは運転する
ことができる。これにより、広範囲の流量調整が可能と
なる。[0048] The flow rate adjustment range is from Q 1 to Q 3, a range of Qrange shown in FIG. here,
Since the value of Q3 corresponds to the opening of the flow control valve 2 showing the highest power generation efficiency when the rotation speed n of the turbine 3 and the generator 7 is minimized, the value of the turbine 3 and the generator 7 It is determined by the adjustable range of the rotational speed n.
However, even if the flow rate is equal to or less than the flow rate Q 3 , if the rotation speed of the water turbine 3 is kept constant at n (n 3 ) and the opening of the flow control valve 2 is reduced, the flow rate Q and the effective head fall along the curve L 3 since the relationship between the H is changed, to the point NR 3 on the curve L 3 can be operated. This allows a wide range of flow rate adjustment.
【００４９】したがって、本実施例によれば、高い発電
効率を保って広範囲の流量調整を可能とした固定案内羽
根水車を提供できる。Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide a fixed guide vane turbine that can adjust the flow rate over a wide range while maintaining high power generation efficiency.
【００５０】図７は、本発明による水力発電装置の運転
制御装置の第４実施例を示す概念構成図で、前述図１と
同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示している。この構成で
図１と異なる点は、図１の開度回転数調整器１０に代え
て、水車３の流量を所望の値にするための開度指令ａを
流量調整弁２に出力する開度調整器１０Ａと、水車３の
入口、出口の差圧を測定し、水車３に作用する有効落差
を算定する水車有効落差検出器１６と、有効落差に応じ
た最適の回転数ｎを計算して回転数指令ｂを出力する回
転数調整器１０Ｂとを備えて成る点である。FIG. 7 is a conceptual block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the operation control apparatus for a hydroelectric power generator according to the present invention. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding parts. 1 is different from FIG. 1 in that the opening command a for setting the flow rate of the water turbine 3 to a desired value is output to the flow control valve 2 in place of the opening speed controller 10 in FIG. The regulator 10A, the differential pressure at the inlet and the outlet of the turbine 3 and the turbine effective drop detector 16 for calculating the effective drop acting on the turbine 3 and the optimum rotational speed n according to the effective drop are calculated. A rotation speed adjuster 10B for outputting a rotation speed command b is provided.
【００５１】この構成で、開度調整器１０Ａより出力さ
れる開度指令ａに応じて、流量調整弁２が所定開度に設
定されて所定の流量が水車３に流れる。このとき、水車
有効落差検出器１６により水車３の入口、出口の差圧が
検出される。回転数調整器１０Ｂは、その検出された水
車有効落差Ｈに応じて、例えば回転数ｎ／Ｈ1/2が一定
になるように計算して、得られる回転数指令ｂを周波数
変換装置８に出力する。周波数変換装置８はこの回転数
指令ｂに基づき発電機７の回転子を前記関係式（１）を
満足する周波数の交流で励磁する。In this configuration, the flow control valve 2 is set to a predetermined opening in accordance with the opening command a output from the opening controller 10A, and a predetermined flow rate flows to the water wheel 3. At this time, the differential pressure at the entrance and exit of the turbine 3 is detected by the turbine effective head detector 16. The rotation speed adjuster 10B calculates, for example, the rotation speed n / H 1/2 in accordance with the detected water turbine effective head H, and outputs the obtained rotation speed command b to the frequency conversion device 8. Output. The frequency converter 8 excites the rotor of the generator 7 with an alternating current having a frequency satisfying the relational expression (1) based on the rotation speed command b.
【００５２】これにより、常に水車３の回転数ｎを流量
に応じた最適値に設定することができるようになる。即
ち、要求流量に応じて開度調整器１０Ａにより流量調整
弁２が開閉されるが、その結果、水車に作用する有効落
差Ｈは変化する。ただし、有効落差Ｈの変化に応じて、
回転数調整器１０Ｂで水車３の回転数ｎも変化させられ
る。結果として水車の運転状態は図６の曲線Ｌ0の様に
変化する。特に、この実施例の場合、常に水車の運転状
態を示す指数である単位落差当たりの回転数（ｎ／Ｈ
1/2）が一定になる様に制御することにより、あらかじ
め最も効率が高い単位落差当たりの回転数を求めておけ
ば、流量が変化した場合も回転数の調整範囲内であれば
常に高い効率で運転できる。なお、有効落差Ｈに対する
回転数ｎの関係は、かならずしもｎ／Ｈ1/2が一定とい
う式に限定されることなく、流量調整範囲を可能な限り
広くとるという観点で別の式で制御するようにしてもよ
い。Thus, the rotation speed n of the water wheel 3 can always be set to an optimum value according to the flow rate. That is, the flow rate regulating valve 2 is opened and closed by the opening degree regulator 10A according to the required flow rate. As a result, the effective head H acting on the water turbine changes. However, according to the change of the effective head H,
The rotation speed n of the water turbine 3 is also changed by the rotation speed controller 10B. As a result water wheel operating state changes like a curve L 0 in Fig. In particular, in the case of this embodiment, the number of rotations per unit head (n / H), which is an index that always indicates the operating state of the turbine.
By controlling so that 1/2 ) is constant, if the rotation speed per unit head with the highest efficiency is determined in advance, the efficiency is always high even if the flow rate changes within the rotation speed adjustment range. Can be driven by Note that the relationship between the effective head H and the rotation speed n is not necessarily limited to the equation that n / H 1/2 is constant, but is controlled by another equation from the viewpoint of making the flow rate adjustment range as wide as possible. It may be.
【００５３】この実施例によれば、あらかじめ調整弁開
度と水車の回転数の最適な関係がわかっていなくても、
その有効落差における最適回転数で運転されるため常に
効率の高い状態で運転できる。According to this embodiment, even if the optimal relationship between the opening degree of the regulating valve and the rotation speed of the turbine is not known in advance,
Since the operation is performed at the optimum rotation speed at the effective head, the operation can always be performed with high efficiency.
【００５４】図８は、本発明による水力発電装置の運転
制御装置の第５実施例を示す概念構成図で、前述図７と
同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示している。この構成で
図７の構成と異なる点は、水車変速装置９が、変速機操
作装置１３と機械式無段変速機１７とから構成されてい
る点である。FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the operation control device for a hydroelectric power generator according to the present invention. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 7 denote the same or corresponding parts. This configuration differs from the configuration in FIG. 7 in that the water turbine transmission 9 includes a transmission operating device 13 and a mechanical continuously variable transmission 17.
【００５５】この構成で、開度調整器８Ａより出力され
る開度指令ａに応じて流量調整弁２が開閉されると共
に、水車有効落差検出器１６により水車３の入口、出口
の差圧である有効落差が検出され、その検出された水車
有効落差Ｈに基づき、例えば回転数ｎ／Ｈ1/2が一定に
なるように計算されて回転数指令ｂが回転数調整器８Ｂ
より出力される点は、上述図７の場合と同様である。With this configuration, the flow control valve 2 is opened and closed according to the opening command a output from the opening adjuster 8A, and the water turbine effective head drop detector 16 detects the differential pressure between the inlet and outlet of the water turbine 3. A certain effective head is detected, and based on the detected water turbine effective head H, for example, the rotation speed n / H 1/2 is calculated to be constant, and the rotation speed command b is set to the rotation speed regulator 8B.
The output point is the same as in the case of FIG. 7 described above.
【００５６】図８の実施例の場合は、回転数調整器８Ｂ
より出力される回転数指令ｂを変速機操作装置１３で受
けて無段変速機を操作する点が異なり、機械的に水車３
の回転数ｎを調整して有効落差Ｈに応じた最適の回転数
ｎに設定する。In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the rotation speed adjuster 8B
The difference is that the transmission operation device 13 receives the rotational speed command b output from the transmission device 13 and operates the continuously variable transmission.
Is adjusted to an optimum rotational speed n according to the effective head H.
【００５７】このように、回転数調整器８Ｂでは、水車
有効落差Ｈに基づき回転数ｎ／Ｈ1/ 2が一定になるよう
に回転数ｎを調整することにより、図７の場合同様に、
どの流量でも最高効率点で運転することができる。[0057] Thus, the rotational speed regulator 8B, by the rotational speed n / H 1/2 on the basis of the waterwheel effective head H is adjusted to the rotational speed n so as to be constant, as in the case of FIG. 7,
It can operate at the highest efficiency point at any flow rate.
【００５８】図９は、本発明による水力発電装置の運転
制御装置の第６実施例を示す概念構成図で、前述従来図
１１と同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示している。この
構成で従来図１１と異なる点は、流量を所望の値にする
ための開度指令ａを手動で流量調整弁２に出力する開度
調整器１０Ａを設ける一方、水車３と発電機７とを水車
変速装置９を介して接続するようにした点である。FIG. 9 is a conceptual block diagram showing a sixth embodiment of the operation control device for a hydroelectric power generator according to the present invention. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 11 denote the same or corresponding parts. This configuration differs from the prior art in FIG. 11 in that an opening adjuster 10A for manually outputting an opening command a for setting the flow rate to a desired value to the flow control valve 2 is provided, while the water turbine 3 and the Are connected via a water turbine transmission 9.
【００５９】この水車変速装置９は、水車３の主軸６ａ
に交換可能に装着されたプーリー１８ａと発電機７の主
軸６ｂに固定されたプーリー１８ｂとをベルト１８ｃで
接続する回転伝達機構１８と、そのプーリー１８ａと交
換するそれぞれ径の異なるプーリー１８ｄ、１８ｅを備
えて構成される。The water turbine transmission 9 includes a main shaft 6 a of the water turbine 3.
A rotation transmitting mechanism 18 that connects a pulley 18a that is exchangeably mounted on the main body 6 and a pulley 18b that is fixed to the main shaft 6b of the generator 7 with a belt 18c, and pulleys 18d and 18e having different diameters to be replaced with the pulley 18a. It is configured with.
【００６０】この構成で、降水量の異なる季節等に応じ
て水車３の流量を調整する場合に、運転員は、開度調整
器１０Ａを操作して流量調整弁２の開度を所望の値に設
定する。同時に、そのとき設定した流量調整弁２の開度
に合わせて適切な水車３の回転数が得られるように水車
３の主軸６ａにプーリー１８ａ、１８ｄ、１８ｅのいず
れかを選んで装着する。In this configuration, when adjusting the flow rate of the water turbine 3 in accordance with the different seasons of precipitation, the operator operates the opening degree adjuster 10A to set the opening degree of the flow adjustment valve 2 to a desired value. Set to. At the same time, one of the pulleys 18a, 18d and 18e is selected and mounted on the main shaft 6a of the water turbine 3 so that an appropriate rotation speed of the water turbine 3 can be obtained in accordance with the opening degree of the flow control valve 2 set at that time.
【００６１】このようにして、水車３の流量を調整する
場合は、水車３および発電機７を停止してプーリーを交
換することにより、発電機７の回転数が一定な場合でも
３つの異なる回転数で水車を運転することが可能とな
る。When the flow rate of the turbine 3 is adjusted in this way, the turbine 3 and the generator 7 are stopped and the pulleys are replaced, so that three different rotations are performed even when the rotation speed of the generator 7 is constant. It becomes possible to drive the waterwheel by number.
【００６２】これにより、流れ込み式の発電所等で、河
川の流量が季節により大きく変動する場合は、上記の様
に季節に応じて流量調整弁２の開度を変えるが、それの
みでなく流量調整弁２の開度に応じて水車軸プーリー１
８ａ、１８ｄ、１８ｅの中から水車３の回転数が最適に
なるものを選択して水車軸６ａに装着することにより、
流量調整範囲を広くすることができる。この様に、比較
的長い周期で流量が変動する場合は、この実施例の様な
運転制御装置を用いることにより、年間を通して高い効
率で水車を運転することができる。Thus, in a run-of-river type power plant or the like, when the flow rate of the river greatly fluctuates depending on the season, the opening of the flow control valve 2 is changed according to the season as described above. Water wheel axle pulley 1 according to the opening of regulating valve 2
8a, 18d, and 18e, by selecting the rotation speed of the water wheel 3 that is optimal, and mounting it on the water wheel shaft 6a,
The flow rate adjustment range can be widened. As described above, when the flow rate fluctuates in a relatively long cycle, the water turbine can be operated with high efficiency throughout the year by using the operation control device as in this embodiment.
【００６３】図１０は、本発明による水力発電装置の運
転制御装置の第７実施例を示す概念構成図で、前述図１
と同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示している。この構成
で図１と異なる点は、流量調整弁２をＯＮ／ＯＦＦ電磁
弁で構成する一方、水車変速装置の代わりに発電機７の
運転／停止を操作する運転停止操作器１９を設けて構成
した点、および、開度回転数調整器１０に代えて、要求
される流量指令Ｑに応じて、水車３に平均して所望の流
量が流れるように流量調整弁２を所定周期で開閉する間
欠運転指令ａを出力すると同時に、流量調整弁２の開閉
周期に合わせて発電機７を運転停止するための間欠運転
指令ｂを出力する間欠運転指令装置２０を設けて構成し
た点である。FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the operation control apparatus for a hydroelectric power generator according to the present invention.
The same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts. This configuration differs from FIG. 1 in that the flow rate regulating valve 2 is configured by an ON / OFF solenoid valve, while the operation stop operation device 19 for operating / stopping the generator 7 is provided instead of the water turbine transmission. Intermittently opening and closing the flow control valve 2 in a predetermined cycle so that a desired flow rate flows on average to the water turbine 3 according to the required flow rate command Q in place of the opening degree rotation speed adjuster 10 An intermittent operation command device 20 that outputs the intermittent operation command b for outputting the operation command a and simultaneously stopping the operation of the generator 7 in accordance with the opening and closing cycle of the flow control valve 2 is provided.
【００６４】この構成で、流量指令Ｑに基づき間欠運転
指令装置２０から間欠運転指令ａ、ｂが出力されると、
流量調整弁２はこの間欠運転指令ａに応じて開閉し、水
車３へ水を間欠的に流す。また、運転停止操作器１９は
間欠運転指令ｂを受けて発電機７の系統に接続する遮断
器や励磁回路などを入り切りすることにより、水車発電
機の運転と停止を調整弁２の開閉に合わせて周期的に繰
り返す。In this configuration, when the intermittent operation commands a and b are output from the intermittent operation command device 20 based on the flow rate command Q,
The flow control valve 2 opens and closes in response to the intermittent operation command a, and allows water to flow to the water wheel 3 intermittently. Further, the operation stop operation device 19 receives the intermittent operation command b and turns on and off a circuit breaker and an excitation circuit connected to the system of the generator 7 so that the operation and the stop of the water turbine generator are synchronized with the opening and closing of the regulating valve 2. Repeat periodically.
【００６５】このときの運転と停止の周期は以下のよう
にして決定される。すなわち、間欠運転指令装置２０か
ら出力される間欠運転指令の基本周期をＴとし、流量指
令値Ｑ、水車の定格流量をＱｏとすると、運転する時間
間隔Ｔｏは Ｔｏ＝Ｔ×Ｑ／Ｑｏ・・・（２） として求めることができる。また、基本周期Ｔは、河川
の水位変化の時定数により変わるが、設置場所が決まれ
ば一定値として決めることができる。The cycle of operation and stop at this time is determined as follows. That is, assuming that the basic cycle of the intermittent operation command output from the intermittent operation command device 20 is T, the flow rate command value is Q, and the rated flow rate of the turbine is Qo, the operation time interval To is To = T × Q / Qo.・ (2) can be obtained as The basic period T varies depending on the time constant of the change in the water level of the river, but can be determined as a constant value once the installation location is determined.
【００６６】この運転制御装置によれば、水車の下流で
測定される流量は、ある程度長い時間平均を取ると指令
値Ｑに等しくなり、定格流量Ｑｏの水車を用いて実質的
に流量を減らすことができる。しかも、運転中の流量は
定格流量Ｑｏなので、水車は常に効率の高い状態で運転
できることになる。According to this operation control device, the flow rate measured downstream of the turbine becomes equal to the command value Q when the average is taken for a relatively long time, and the flow rate is substantially reduced by using a turbine having the rated flow rate Qo. Can be. In addition, since the flow rate during operation is the rated flow rate Qo, the water turbine can always be operated with high efficiency.
【００６７】[0067]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明によれば、可動式の
案内羽根を有さず、流動損失を生じる弁によって流量調
整を行う水力発電装置においても、水車の回転数を制御
することによって広範囲の流量調整が可能になる。さら
に、有効落差と回転数との関係を適正に制御することに
よって、発電効率を低下させずに広範囲の流量調整が可
能となる。As described above, according to the present invention, even in the case of a hydroelectric power generator that does not have movable guide vanes and that adjusts the flow rate using a valve that causes a flow loss, the number of rotations of the turbine is controlled. A wide range of flow adjustment is possible. Furthermore, by appropriately controlling the relationship between the effective head and the number of revolutions, it is possible to adjust the flow rate over a wide range without lowering the power generation efficiency.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図１】本発明の第１の実施例を示す水力発電装置の概
念構成図。FIG. 1 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a hydroelectric power generator showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の第１実施例の水力発電装置における水
車の回転数をｎ1からｎ2に切り替えた場合の水車の流量
Ｑと有効落差Ｈとの関係を示す図。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the flow rate Q of the turbine and the effective head H when the number of revolutions of the turbine is switched from n 1 to n 2 in the hydraulic power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の第２の実施例を示す水力発電装置の概
念構成図。FIG. 3 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a hydroelectric generator showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の第２実施例の水力発電装置における水
車の回転数を切り替えた場合の水車の流量Ｑと有効落差
Ｈとの関係を示す図。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the flow rate Q of the water turbine and the effective head H when the rotation speed of the water turbine is switched in the hydraulic power generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の第３の実施例を示す水力発電装置の概
念構成図。FIG. 5 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a hydroelectric generator according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の第１実施例の水力発電装置における水
車の回転数を連続的に変えた場合について説明するため
の水車の流量Ｑと有効落差Ｈとの関係を示す図。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the flow rate Q of the turbine and the effective head H for explaining a case where the rotation speed of the turbine is continuously changed in the hydraulic power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の第４の実施例を示す水力発電装置の概
念構成図。FIG. 7 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a hydroelectric generator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
【図８】本発明の第５の実施例を示す水力発電装置の概
念構成図。FIG. 8 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a hydroelectric generator showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】本発明の第６の実施例を示す水力発電装置の概
念構成図。FIG. 9 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a hydroelectric generator according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１０】本発明の第７の実施例を示す水力発電装置の
概念構成図。FIG. 10 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a hydroelectric generator according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
【図１１】案内羽根が固定された従来の水力発電装置の
概念構成図。FIG. 11 is a conceptual configuration diagram of a conventional hydroelectric power generator to which guide vanes are fixed.
【図１２】従来の水力発電装置運転制御装置について説
明するための水車の流量Ｑと有効落差Ｈとの関係を示す
図。FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a flow rate Q of a water turbine and an effective head H for describing a conventional hydraulic power plant operation control device.
２ 流量調整弁、３ 固定案内羽根水車、６ａ 主軸
（水車）、６ｂ 主軸（発電機）、７ 発電機、８ 周
波数変換装置、９ 水車変速装置、１０ 開度回転数調
整器、１０Ａ 開度調整器、１０Ｂ 回転数調整器、１
３ 変速機操作器、１５ 演算装置、１６ 水車有効落
差検出器、１７ 機械式無段変速機、１８変速機、１９
運転停止操作機、２０ 間欠運転指令装置2 Flow control valve, 3 fixed guide impeller turbine, 6a main shaft (water turbine), 6b main shaft (generator), 7 generator, 8 frequency converter, 9 water turbine transmission, 10 rotation speed adjuster, 10A opening adjustment , 10B rotation speed regulator, 1
3 transmission operation device, 15 arithmetic unit, 16 water turbine effective head detector, 17 mechanical continuously variable transmission, 18 transmission, 19
Operation stop operation device, 20 intermittent operation command device
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 大竹 典男 神奈川県横浜市鶴見区末広町２丁目４番地 株式会社東芝京浜事業所内 (72)発明者 木崎 康巳 神奈川県川崎市幸区堀川町66番２ 東芝エ ンジニアリング株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 3H072 AA02 AA27 BB40 CC23 CC42 3H073 AA02 AA26 BB25 CC13 CE06 CE09 CE26 5H590 AA02 AA30 CA11 CB01 CC01 CC10 CC18 CE01 EA14 EB07 EB14 EB20 FA01 FA03 FA06 FA08 GA06 GA10 HA06 HA14 HA26 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Norio Otake, Inventor 2-4, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Inside the Toshiba Keihin Works Co., Ltd. 2 F-term in Toshiba Engineering Corporation (reference) 3H072 AA02 AA27 BB40 CC23 CC42 3H073 AA02 AA26 BB25 CC13 CE06 CE09 CE26 5H590 AA02 AA30 CA11 CB01 CC01 CC10 CC18 CE01 EA14 EB07 EB14 EB20 FA01 FA03 FA06 FA06 FA06 FA06 FA06
Claims (10)
固定案内羽根水車に流す流量を調整する水力発電装置に
おいて、 前記流量調整弁による前記流量の調整に応じて、前記固
定案内羽根水車の回転数を変化させる水車変速装置を備
えたことを特徴とする水力発電装置。1. A hydraulic power generator for adjusting a flow rate flowing through a fixed guide impeller using a flow control valve whose flow resistance changes, wherein the flow rate of the fixed guide impeller is adjusted in accordance with the flow rate adjustment by the flow control valve. A hydraulic power plant comprising a water turbine transmission for changing the number of revolutions.
令信号と共に、前記水車変速装置に前記固定案内羽根水
車の回転数を所定値に調整する指令信号を出力する開度
回転数調整器を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の
水力発電装置。2. An opening speed controller for outputting a command signal for adjusting the rotation speed of the fixed guide impeller to a predetermined value to the water turbine transmission together with a command signal for adjusting the flow control valve to a predetermined opening. The hydroelectric power generator according to claim 1, further comprising:
の回転数を算出する演算装置を設けたことを特徴とする
請求項１または２に記載の水力発電装置。3. The hydraulic power generator according to claim 1, further comprising an arithmetic unit for calculating a rotation speed of the fixed guide impeller, which is optimal for the flow rate.
令信号を出力する開度調整器と、前記固定案内羽根水車
の入口と出口の差圧である有効落差を検出する有効落差
検出器と、前記固定案内羽根水車の回転数を調整する指
令信号を前記有効落差の関数として前記水車変速装置に
出力する回転数調整器を設けたことを特徴とする請求項
１記載の水力発電装置。4. An opening controller for outputting a command signal for adjusting the flow control valve to a predetermined opening, and an effective head detector for detecting an effective head which is a pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet of the fixed guide impeller. 2. The hydraulic power generator according to claim 1, further comprising a rotation speed regulator for outputting a command signal for adjusting a rotation speed of the fixed guide impeller to the water turbine transmission as a function of the effective head.
水車に接続する発電機の励磁周波数を変えることにより
水車の回転数を変化させることを特徴とする請求項１か
ら４のいずれかに記載の水力発電装置。5. The water turbine transmission according to claim 1, wherein the turbine speed is changed by changing an excitation frequency of a generator connected to the fixed guide impeller wheel. Hydropower equipment.
水車の回転軸と発電機の回転軸との間の回転数比を変え
ることにより水車の回転数を変化させることを特徴とす
る請求項１から４のいずれかに記載の水力発電装置。6. The turbine transmission according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the turbine is changed by changing a rotation speed ratio between a rotation shaft of the fixed guide impeller turbine and a rotation shaft of the generator. The hydroelectric generator according to any one of 1 to 4.
固定案内羽根水車に流す流量を調整する水力発電装置の
運転制御方法において、 前記流量調整弁による前記流量の調整に応じて、前記固
定案内羽根水車の回転数を変化させることを特徴とする
水力発電装置の運転制御方法。7. A method for controlling the operation of a hydraulic power generation apparatus for adjusting a flow rate of a fixed guide impeller using a flow rate control valve having a variable flow resistance, wherein the fixed flow rate is adjusted in accordance with the flow rate adjustment by the flow rate control valve. An operation control method for a hydraulic power plant, wherein the rotation speed of a guide impeller is changed.
定案内羽根水車の有効落差の関数となるように調整され
ることを特徴とする請求項７記載の水力発電装置の運転
制御方法。8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the rotation speed of the fixed guide impeller is adjusted so as to be a function of an effective head of the fixed guide impeller.
固定案内羽根水車に流す流量を調整する水力発電装置に
おいて、 要求される水車の流量と定格流量との比に応じた周期で
前記流量調整弁をＯＮ／ＯＦＦする指令信号と共に、前
記水車変速装置により前記固定案内羽根水車に接続され
る発電機をＯＮ／ＯＦＦする指令信号を出力する間欠運
転指令装置を設けたことを特徴とする水力発電装置。9. A hydraulic power generator for adjusting a flow rate of a fixed guide impeller turbine using a flow rate control valve having a variable flow resistance, wherein the flow rate is controlled at a cycle corresponding to a required ratio between a flow rate of the turbine and a rated flow rate. An intermittent operation command device that outputs a command signal for turning on / off a generator connected to the fixed guide impeller by the water turbine transmission device, together with a command signal for turning on / off a regulating valve. Power generator.
て固定案内羽根水車に流す流量を調整する水力発電装置
の運転制御方法において、 前記流量調整弁を間欠的に開閉制御し、前記流量調整弁
が開いているとき発電を行うことを特徴とする水力発電
装置の運転制御方法。10. A method for controlling the operation of a hydraulic power generation apparatus for adjusting a flow rate flowing through a fixed guide impeller using a flow rate control valve having a variable flow resistance, wherein the flow rate control valve is intermittently opened and closed to control the flow rate. An operation control method for a hydroelectric power generator, wherein power is generated when a valve is open.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001150204A JP2002354895A (en) | 2001-05-18 | 2001-05-18 | Hydro-poewr generator and method of operating and controlling it |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001150204A JP2002354895A (en) | 2001-05-18 | 2001-05-18 | Hydro-poewr generator and method of operating and controlling it |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002354895A true JP2002354895A (en) | 2002-12-06 |
Family
ID=18995254
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001150204A Withdrawn JP2002354895A (en) | 2001-05-18 | 2001-05-18 | Hydro-poewr generator and method of operating and controlling it |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2002354895A (en) |
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| JP2007056829A (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-08 | Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd | Energy recovery device |
| JP2008172953A (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Power generating device |
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| JP2007056829A (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-08 | Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd | Energy recovery device |
| JP4704856B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2011-06-22 | 株式会社日立産機システム | Energy recovery equipment |
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| JP2008172953A (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Power generating device |
| JP2010051120A (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-03-04 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Hydraulic power-generator insulation recovery equipment |
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| JP2013078195A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-25 | Hitachi Mitsubishi Hydro Corp | Control method for variable-speed synchronous power generator motor |
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| CN113179736A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-30 | 上海集熠节能环保技术有限公司 | Need not automatic fertilizer injection unit of extra power supply |
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