JP2002310594A - Heat exchanger with heat exchanger tube - Google Patents
Heat exchanger with heat exchanger tubeInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002310594A JP2002310594A JP2002031654A JP2002031654A JP2002310594A JP 2002310594 A JP2002310594 A JP 2002310594A JP 2002031654 A JP2002031654 A JP 2002031654A JP 2002031654 A JP2002031654 A JP 2002031654A JP 2002310594 A JP2002310594 A JP 2002310594A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- heat
- heat exchange
- heat exchanger
- coating layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Landscapes
- Air Supply (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、テールエンドボイ
ラ、空気予熱器、水冷壁管等のような、熱交換用伝熱管
を備えた熱交換器に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat exchanger provided with a heat exchanger tube for heat exchange, such as a tail end boiler, an air preheater, a water cooling wall tube, and the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、ゴミ焼却炉等において、廃熱の有
効利用の観点から廃熱回収ボイラを後流側に設置し発電
を行う方法が盛んになっている。図１５に縦型廃熱回収
ボイラ（以下、縦型ボイラという）を後流側に設置した
ゴミ焼却プラントのフロー図を示す。縦型ボイラ２はゴ
ミ焼却炉１の後流側に設置されている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in a garbage incinerator and the like, a method of generating power by installing a waste heat recovery boiler on the downstream side from the viewpoint of effective use of waste heat has been actively used. FIG. 15 shows a flow diagram of a waste incineration plant in which a vertical waste heat recovery boiler (hereinafter, referred to as a vertical boiler) is installed on the downstream side. The vertical boiler 2 is installed on the downstream side of the refuse incinerator 1.
【０００３】ゴミ投入口３より投入されたゴミは燃焼部
で燃焼する。発生した排ガスは太矢印に示すように約８
００〜９００℃の高温部である第１パス部４を通り、高
温ガスのミキシングやガス温度低下のために設置された
第２パス部５に流れる。さらに、ガス温度の低下した第
３パス部６に設置された過熱器７、蒸発管９を通過し、
バグフィルタ１０を経て、煙突１１より大気に放出され
る。符号８はスートブロワである。一方、過熱器７で発
生した過熱蒸気はヘッダ１２を通り蒸気タービン１３に
送られる。The refuse input from the refuse inlet 3 is burned in a combustion section. The generated exhaust gas was about 8 as indicated by the thick arrow.
The gas passes through a first pass portion 4 which is a high temperature portion of 00 to 900 ° C., and flows into a second pass portion 5 provided for mixing a high-temperature gas or lowering the gas temperature. Further, the gas passes through the superheater 7 and the evaporating pipe 9 installed in the third pass section 6 where the gas temperature has dropped,
After passing through the bag filter 10, it is released from the chimney 11 to the atmosphere. Reference numeral 8 denotes a soot blower. On the other hand, the superheated steam generated in the superheater 7 is sent to the steam turbine 13 through the header 12.
【０００４】従来、過熱器７等に用いられる高温蒸気用
の伝熱管（熱交換用伝熱管）の高温腐食を防止するため
に、ボイラの蒸気温度を３００℃以下に抑えてきた。こ
れは以下のような理由による。ゴミ焼却炉等の排ガスに
は腐食性の強いＨＣｌガスが含まれ、さらに排ガス中に
は腐食性の強いＮａＣｌ、ＫＣｌ等の塩化物や、Ｎａ 2
ＳＯ4、Ｋ2ＳＯ4等の硫酸塩等を多量に含む飛灰が存在
している。このため排ガス通路中に設置された伝熱管の
表面には、排ガスによって運ばれた飛灰が付着する。伝
熱管表面に付着した飛灰には融点が３００〜４００℃と
低いものが存在し、このような飛灰が蒸気温度が３００
℃を超えるような伝熱管の表面に付着すると溶融塩とな
る。この溶融塩は腐食性が強いので伝熱管の腐食を生じ
る。Conventionally, for high-temperature steam used for the superheater 7 and the like
To prevent high-temperature corrosion of heat transfer tubes (heat transfer tubes for heat exchange)
In addition, the steam temperature of the boiler has been suppressed to 300 ° C. or less. This
This is for the following reasons. For exhaust gas from garbage incinerators
Contains highly corrosive HCl gas,
Are strongly corrosive chlorides such as NaCl and KCl, and Na Two
SOFour, KTwoSOFourFly ash containing large amounts of sulfates such as
are doing. For this reason, the heat transfer tubes installed in the exhaust gas passage
Fly ash carried by the exhaust gas adheres to the surface. Biography
Fly ash adhering to the heat tube surface has a melting point of 300-400 ° C.
Some fly ash has a vapor temperature of 300
If it adheres to the heat transfer tube surface exceeding
You. This molten salt is highly corrosive, causing corrosion of heat transfer tubes.
You.
【０００５】また、上記のような溶融塩による腐食以外
に、排ガス中に含まれるＨＣｌガスが付着飛灰に含まれ
る鉛化合物や鉄の酸化物の触媒作用により分解して腐食
性の強いＣｌ2ガスが生成し、このＣｌ2ガスにより伝熱
管の腐食が生じる。[0005] In addition to the corrosion by molten salts as described above, HCl gas contained in exhaust gas is decomposed by the catalytic action of lead compounds and iron oxides contained in the attached fly ash, resulting in highly corrosive Cl 2. Gas is generated, and the Cl 2 gas causes corrosion of the heat transfer tube.
【０００６】高温腐食を防止する方法として、伝熱管材
料にアロイ（Ａｌｌｏｙ）６２５やアロイ（Ａｌｌｏ
ｙ）８２５等の高Ｎｉ合金を使用する方法、伝熱管表面
にアロイ（Ａｌｌｏｙ）６２５やアロイ（Ａｌｌｏｙ）
８２５等の肉盛りを行う方法、高温伝熱管をできるだけ
ガス下流側に設置し、高蒸気条件になる伝熱管の外面温
度を抑える方法等がなされてきている。また、伝熱面表
面に付着した飛灰を除去する方法としてスートブロワに
よる灰落としも行われている。As a method of preventing high-temperature corrosion, alloy 625 or alloy is used for heat transfer tube material.
y) A method using a high Ni alloy such as 825, and alloy 625 or alloy on the surface of the heat transfer tube.
825 and the like, and a method in which a high-temperature heat transfer tube is installed on the downstream side of the gas as much as possible to suppress the outer surface temperature of the heat transfer tube under high steam conditions. As a method of removing fly ash attached to the surface of the heat transfer surface, ash removal by a soot blower is also performed.
【０００７】また、近年、熱回収する伝熱部が縦方向に
設置された縦型ボイラに対して、伝熱部の各熱交換器が
排ガスが水平方向に流れる箇所に設置され、その熱交換
器の伝熱管が縦方向に配置された横型ボイラ（以下、テ
ールエンドボイラと云う）が採用されてきている。[0007] In recent years, for a vertical boiler in which a heat transfer section for recovering heat is installed in a vertical direction, each heat exchanger of the heat transfer section is installed in a place where exhaust gas flows in a horizontal direction, and the heat exchange is performed. A horizontal boiler (hereinafter, referred to as a tail end boiler) in which heat transfer tubes of a vessel are arranged in a vertical direction has been adopted.
【０００８】図１６にテールエンドボイラを後流側に設
置したゴミ焼却プラントのフロー図を示す。なお、図１
５と共通する構成には同一の符号を付し、詳細な説明は
省略する。このテールエンドボイラ１４ａでは、高温ガ
スのミキシングやガス温度低下のために設置された第２
パス部５に続いて第３パス部１５ａが設けられ、第２パ
ス部５から流れてきた排ガスを太矢印に示すように水平
方向に流している。そして、そのガス雰囲気中に蒸発器
管群１６ａ（以下、蒸発器管という）と過熱器管群１７
ａ（以下、過熱器管という）が設置され、それらを構成
する熱交換用伝熱管が垂直に設置されている。FIG. 16 shows a flowchart of a waste incineration plant in which a tail end boiler is installed on the downstream side. FIG.
The same reference numerals are given to the same components as those of 5, and the detailed description is omitted. In the tail end boiler 14a, the second end installed for mixing high-temperature gas and lowering the gas temperature is used.
A third pass portion 15a is provided following the pass portion 5, and the exhaust gas flowing from the second pass portion 5 flows in a horizontal direction as indicated by a thick arrow. The evaporator tube group 16a (hereinafter referred to as evaporator tube) and the superheater tube group 17 are placed in the gas atmosphere.
a (hereinafter referred to as superheater tubes), and the heat exchange tubes for heat exchange that constitute them are installed vertically.
【０００９】前記熱交換用伝熱管は外部の排ガスと内部
を通過する被加熱流体（水、蒸気、空気等）との間で熱
交換させるもので、前記蒸発器管１６ａ、過熱器管１７
ａの他に、空気予熱器管群１８ａ（以下、空気予熱器管
という）、水冷壁管２３ａ、節炭器管群２０ａ（以下、
エコノマイザという）等も熱交換用伝熱管で構成されて
いる。The heat exchanger tube for heat exchange is for exchanging heat between an external exhaust gas and a fluid to be heated (water, steam, air, etc.) passing through the heat exchanger tube. The evaporator tube 16a, the superheater tube 17
In addition to the air preheater tube group 18a (hereinafter, referred to as an air preheater tube), the water cooling wall tube 23a, and the economizer tube group 20a (hereinafter, referred to as the air preheater tube group 20a).
An economizer) is also composed of heat exchange tubes for heat exchange.
【００１０】ここでは、第３パス部１５ａに続いて第４
パス部１９ａを設け、排ガスを下方に流してそのガス雰
囲気中にエコノマイザ２０ａを設置している。第４パス
部１９ａから排出された排ガスはバグフィルタ１０を経
て、煙突１１より大気に放出される。一方、過熱器管１
７ａで発生した過熱蒸気はヘッダ１２（管寄せ）を通り
蒸気タービン１３に送られる。符号２１ａはボイラドラ
ムである。Here, the fourth pass section 15a is followed by the fourth pass section 15a.
A pass portion 19a is provided, and exhaust gas flows downward, and an economizer 20a is installed in the gas atmosphere. The exhaust gas discharged from the fourth pass portion 19a passes through the bag filter 10 and is discharged from the chimney 11 to the atmosphere. On the other hand, superheater tube 1
The superheated steam generated in 7a is sent to the steam turbine 13 through the header 12 (header). Reference numeral 21a is a boiler drum.
【００１１】第３パス部１５ａに設けられた蒸発器管１
６ａ、過熱器管１７ａについては、槌打具２２ａ等によ
り付着飛灰を容易に除去できる。The evaporator tube 1 provided in the third pass section 15a
6a and the superheater tube 17a can easily remove the attached fly ash with a hammer 22a or the like.
【００１２】上述したテールエンドボイラ１４ａは、槌
打具２２ａ等により熱交換用伝熱管に付着した付着飛灰
を定期的、不定期的に除去できるので、付着飛灰に起因
した腐食を防止して腐食減肉の進行を低減できる。The above-mentioned tail end boiler 14a can regularly and irregularly remove the fly ash adhering to the heat exchanger tube for heat exchange with a hammer 22a or the like, so that corrosion caused by the fly ash attached can be prevented. Thus, the progress of corrosion thinning can be reduced.
【００１３】しかしながら、テールエンドボイラ１４ａ
には以下の点で問題がある。すなわち、過熱器管１７ａ
で発生した過熱蒸気を発電プラント等の蒸気タービン１
３の駆動源として用いる場合、発電効率を上げるために
蒸気温度を４５０℃以上にすると、過熱器管１７ａが耐
食性に優れた材料、例えばＮｉ−Ｃｒ−Ｍｏ材料で構成
されていても腐食減肉が激しく生じ、１〜数年に一度は
管を新品と交換する必要がある。However, the tail end boiler 14a
Has the following problems. That is, the superheater tube 17a
Superheated steam generated in the steam turbine 1
In the case where the superheater tube 17a is made of a material having excellent corrosion resistance, for example, a Ni—Cr—Mo material, when the steam temperature is set to 450 ° C. or higher in order to increase the power generation efficiency, Occurs severely, and it is necessary to replace the tube with a new one every one to several years.
【００１４】したがって本発明の目的は、比較的高い蒸
気温度で使用しても熱交換用伝熱管の腐食を生じにく
く、伝熱管の寿命延長を図ることができる熱交換器を提
供することにある。[0014] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger in which the heat transfer tube for heat exchange hardly corrodes even when used at a relatively high steam temperature, and the life of the heat transfer tube can be extended. .
【００１５】[0015]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者等は上記課題を
解決するために、熱交換用伝熱管の管壁温度と腐食速度
の関係について検討を行った。これについては図１４に
示すような管壁温度と腐食速度との一般的な関係が知ら
れている。図１４に腐食曲線Ｌで示されるように、腐食
領域には低温腐食領域Ｎ（概略１５０℃以下）と高温腐
食領域Ｍ（概略３００℃以上７００℃以下）とがあり、
高温腐食領域Ｍでは特に過熱器管の管壁が腐食の対象箇
所となる。また、空気予熱器管の入口側も対象箇所とな
る。また、低温腐食領域Ｎでは、特にエコノマイザの管
壁が腐食の対象箇所となる。高温腐食領域Ｍには、塩化
鉄またはアルカリ鉄硫酸塩の生成による腐食ゾーンＭａ
と塩化鉄またはアルカリ鉄硫酸塩の分解による腐食ゾー
ンＭｂが存在する。また、低温腐食領域Ｎは電気化学的
腐食ゾーンである。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have studied the relationship between the wall temperature of the heat exchanger tubes for heat exchange and the corrosion rate. Regarding this, a general relationship between the tube wall temperature and the corrosion rate as shown in FIG. 14 is known. As shown by the corrosion curve L in FIG. 14, the corrosion area includes a low-temperature corrosion area N (about 150 ° C. or less) and a high-temperature corrosion area M (about 300 ° C. to 700 ° C.)
In the high-temperature corrosion area M, the pipe wall of the superheater pipe is a target of corrosion. In addition, the inlet side of the air preheater tube is also a target location. Further, in the low-temperature corrosion area N, the pipe wall of the economizer is a target area for corrosion. In the high-temperature corrosion area M, a corrosion zone Ma due to the formation of iron chloride or alkali iron sulfate is formed.
And a corrosion zone Mb due to decomposition of iron chloride or alkali iron sulfate. The low-temperature corrosion area N is an electrochemical corrosion zone.
【００１６】また、上述したようにゴミ焼却炉の排ガス
には腐食性の強いＨＣｌガスが含まれるとともに、排ガ
ス中には腐食の起因になる飛灰が存在しており、この飛
灰が排ガス流路中に設置された熱交換用伝熱管の表面に
付着する。飛灰には融点が３００〜４００℃程度と低い
ものもあるため、蒸気温度が３００℃を超える熱交換用
伝熱管の表面に付着した飛灰は溶融塩となって管の腐食
を生じ、且つ付着飛灰に含まれる鉛化合物や鉄の酸化物
の触媒作用により、排ガス中に含まれるＨＣｌガスから
腐食性の強いＣｌ2ガスが生成し、このＣｌ2ガスによる
伝熱管の腐食も生じる。Further, as described above, the exhaust gas of the refuse incinerator contains highly corrosive HCl gas, and fly ash that causes corrosion is present in the exhaust gas. It adheres to the surface of the heat exchange tubes installed in the road. Since fly ash has a melting point as low as about 300 to 400 ° C., fly ash attached to the surface of a heat exchange tube having a steam temperature exceeding 300 ° C. becomes molten salt and causes corrosion of the tube, and Due to the catalytic action of the lead compound and iron oxide contained in the attached fly ash, a highly corrosive Cl 2 gas is generated from the HCl gas contained in the exhaust gas, and the Cl 2 gas also causes corrosion of the heat transfer tube.
【００１７】本発明は以上のような検討の結果なされた
ものであり、以下のような特徴を有する。The present invention has been made as a result of the above studies, and has the following features.
【００１８】[1] 外部を高温ガスと接触させ、内部を通
過する被加熱流体との間で熱交換させる熱交換用伝熱管
を備えた熱交換器であって、前記熱交換用伝熱管が鋼管
と該鋼管の外面を被覆する被覆層とからなり、該被覆層
の少なくとも表層部がセラミック・金属複合材料により
構成されることを特徴とする熱交換用伝熱管を備えた熱
交換器。[1] A heat exchanger provided with a heat exchange tube for heat exchange for bringing the outside into contact with a high-temperature gas and exchanging heat with a fluid to be heated passing through the inside, wherein the heat exchange tube for heat exchange is A heat exchanger comprising a heat exchange tube for heat exchange, comprising a steel pipe and a coating layer covering an outer surface of the steel pipe, at least a surface portion of the coating layer is made of a ceramic-metal composite material.
【００１９】[2] 内部に高温ガスを通過させ、外部を流
れる被加熱流体との間で熱交換させる熱交換用伝熱管を
備えた熱交換器であって、前記熱交換用伝熱管が鋼管と
該鋼管の内面を被覆する被覆層とからなり、該被覆層の
少なくとも表層部がセラミック・金属複合材料により構
成されることを特徴とする熱交換用伝熱管を備えた熱交
換器。[2] A heat exchanger provided with a heat exchanger tube for heat exchange for allowing a high-temperature gas to pass therethrough and exchanging heat with a fluid to be heated flowing outside, wherein the heat exchanger tube for heat exchange is a steel tube. And a coating layer for coating an inner surface of the steel pipe, wherein at least a surface portion of the coating layer is made of a ceramic-metal composite material.
【００２０】[3] 上記[1]の熱交換器において、熱交換
器がテールエンドボイラであることを特徴とする熱交換
用伝熱管を備えた熱交換器。[3] The heat exchanger according to the above [1], wherein the heat exchanger is a tail-end boiler, the heat exchanger including a heat exchange heat transfer tube.
【００２１】[4] 上記[1]又は[2]の熱交換器において、
熱交換器が空気予熱器であることを特徴とする熱交換用
伝熱管を備えた熱交換器。[4] In the heat exchanger of the above [1] or [2],
A heat exchanger comprising a heat exchanger tube for heat exchange, wherein the heat exchanger is an air preheater.
【００２２】[5] 上記[1]の熱交換器において、熱交換
器が、外部を高温ガスと接触させ、内部を通過する被加
熱流体との間で熱交換させる熱交換用伝熱管を備えた水
冷壁管であり、該水冷壁管が複数の鋼管と該鋼管間を接
続するフィンからなる水冷壁管本体と、該水冷壁管本体
の高温ガスと接触する側を被覆する被覆層とからなり、
該被覆層が、少なくとも表層部がセラミック・金属複合
材料により構成されたパネルからなることを特徴とする
熱交換用伝熱管を備えた熱交換器。[5] In the heat exchanger according to the above [1], the heat exchanger includes a heat exchange tube for heat exchange for bringing the outside into contact with a high-temperature gas and exchanging heat with a fluid to be heated passing through the inside. A water-cooled wall pipe, wherein the water-cooled wall pipe comprises a plurality of steel pipes, a water-cooled wall pipe body composed of fins connecting the steel pipes, and a coating layer that covers a side of the water-cooled wall pipe body that comes into contact with the high-temperature gas. Become
A heat exchanger comprising a heat exchange tube for heat exchange, wherein the coating layer is formed of a panel at least a surface portion of which is formed of a ceramic-metal composite material.
【００２３】[6] 上記[1]〜[5]のいずれかの熱交換器に
おいて、被覆層のセラミック・金属複合材料が窒化アル
ミニウム系セラミック・金属複合材料であることを特徴
とする熱交換用伝熱管を備えた熱交換器。[6] The heat exchanger according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the ceramic / metal composite material of the coating layer is an aluminum nitride-based ceramic / metal composite material. Heat exchanger with heat transfer tubes.
【００２４】[7] 上記[1]〜[6]のいずれかの熱交換器に
おいて、被覆層の厚さが３ｍｍ以上３０ｍｍ以下である
ことを特徴とする熱交換用伝熱管を備えた熱交換器。[7] The heat exchanger according to any one of [1] to [6] above, further comprising a heat exchange tube for heat exchange, wherein the thickness of the coating layer is 3 mm or more and 30 mm or less. vessel.
【００２５】[8] 上記[1]〜[7]のいずれかの熱交換器に
おいて、被覆層の少なくとも表層部が、実質的にＡｌＮ
とＡｌＯＮとＡｌとからなるＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属
複合焼結体からなることを特徴とする熱交換用伝熱管を
備えた熱交換器。[8] In the heat exchanger according to any one of [1] to [7], at least the surface layer of the coating layer is substantially made of AlN.
A heat exchanger comprising a heat transfer tube for heat exchange, comprising a sintered AlN-based ceramic-metal composite comprising AlON and Al.
【００２６】[9] 上記[1]〜[7]のいずれかの熱交換器に
おいて、被覆層の少なくと表層部が、実質的にＡｌＮと
ＡｌＯＮとＡｌとを主体とし、これにＴｉＯ2、Ｚｒ
Ｏ2、Ｃｒ2Ｏ3、Ａｌ2Ｏ3、ＳｉＯ2、Ｙ2Ｏ3、Ｃｅ
Ｏ2、Ｓｃ2Ｏ3等の酸化物、ＢＮ、ＭｇＢ2、ＣａＢ6、
ＴｉＢ2、ＺｒＢ2、ＡｌＢ2等の硼化物、Ｂ4Ｃ、Ｔｉ
Ｃ、ＺｒＣ、Ｃｒ3Ｃ2、Ａｌ4Ｃ3、ＳｉＣ等の炭化物、
ＴｉＮ、ＺｒＮ、Ｃｒ2Ｎ、Ｓｉ3Ｎ4等の窒化物、Ｓｉ2
Ｎ2Ｏ等の酸窒化物等の中から選ばれる１種又は２種以
上を配合した燒結体からなることを特徴とする熱交換用
伝熱管を備えた熱交換器。[9] In the heat exchanger according to any one of the above [1] to [7], at least the surface layer of the coating layer is mainly composed of AlN, AlON, and Al, and TiO 2 , Zr
O 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Ce
Oxides such as O 2 and Sc 2 O 3 , BN, MgB 2 , CaB 6 ,
Borides such as TiB 2 , ZrB 2 and AlB 2 , B 4 C, Ti
Carbides such as C, ZrC, Cr 3 C 2 , Al 4 C 3 , SiC,
TiN, ZrN, Cr 2 N, Si 3 N nitrides such 4, Si 2
A heat exchanger provided with a heat exchange tube for heat exchange, comprising a sintered body in which one or more selected from oxynitrides such as N 2 O are mixed.
【００２７】本発明において、熱交換器に備えられる熱
交換用伝熱管は、外部又は内部を高温ガスと接触させ、
内部又は外部を通過する被加熱流体（水、蒸気、空気
等）との間で熱交換させる伝熱管の総称であり、過熱器
管、蒸気器管、エコノマイザ、空気予熱器管、水冷壁管
（管とフィンが一体化した熱交換器）等がこの伝熱管で
構成される。In the present invention, the heat exchanger tube for heat exchange provided in the heat exchanger has an outer or inner portion brought into contact with a high-temperature gas,
A general term for heat transfer tubes that exchange heat with the fluid to be heated (water, steam, air, etc.) that passes through the inside or outside. Superheater tubes, steam tube, economizer, air preheater tube, water cooling wall tube ( A heat exchanger in which the tube and the fin are integrated is constituted by the heat transfer tube.
【００２８】請求項３に係る発明において、熱交換器
を、外部を高温ガスと接触させ、内部を通過する被加熱
流体との間で熱交換させる熱交換用伝熱管を備えたテー
ルエンドボイラに限定したのは、テールエンドボイラは
高温ガスを水平方向に流して、そのガス雰囲気中に熱交
換用伝熱管を垂直に配置した横型ボイラであり、このよ
うなテールエンドボイラでは、高温ガスが水平に折り返
しなく流れてガス流れに偏流を発生させないので局部腐
食が防止され、また、槌打具等により付着飛灰を簡易に
除去できるためである。According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tail end boiler provided with a heat exchange heat transfer tube for exchanging heat between a heat exchanger and a fluid to be heated passing therethrough by bringing the heat exchanger into contact with a high-temperature gas. The limited type is a horizontal boiler in which high-temperature gas flows in the horizontal direction and heat exchange tubes for heat exchange are arranged vertically in the gas atmosphere. This is because the gas flow does not turn back and does not generate a drift in the gas flow, so that local corrosion is prevented and attached fly ash can be easily removed with a hammer or the like.
【００２９】また、本発明における熱交換用伝熱管は、
鋼管の表面に被覆層を形成し、その被覆層の少なくとも
表層部をセラミック・金属複合材料、特に好ましくはＡ
ｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合材料で構成した被覆構造と
なっている。このような熱交換用伝熱管は、通常内部を
通過する被加熱流体の温度、圧力等に対応して伝熱管と
して使用されている炭素鋼、合金鋼、ステンレス鋼等の
鋼管をそのまま採用し、該鋼管の表面に形成した被覆層
によって腐食性排ガスを該鋼管の表面に到達させないよ
うにしている。この場合、セラミック・金属複合材料、
特にＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合材料は耐食性、耐摩
耗性、耐熱衝撃性に優れた材料であるので、腐食性排ガ
スと直接接触する被覆層の少なくとも表層部をセラミッ
ク・金属複合材料、特に好ましくはＡｌＮ系セラミック
・金属複合材料により構成した被覆構造とした。これら
の材料は焼結体にすることによって組織を緻密にできる
ので、飛灰の付着力を小さくし、且つ腐食性ガスや付着
飛灰による溶融塩等の腐食成分の侵入を防止できる。Further, the heat exchanger tube for heat exchange in the present invention comprises:
A coating layer is formed on the surface of a steel pipe, and at least a surface portion of the coating layer is formed of a ceramic-metal composite material, particularly preferably A
It has a coating structure made of 1N ceramic / metal composite material. Such a heat exchange tube for heat exchange usually adopts a steel tube of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, etc. used as a heat transfer tube corresponding to the temperature, pressure, etc. of the fluid to be heated passing through the inside, as it is, The coating layer formed on the surface of the steel pipe prevents corrosive exhaust gas from reaching the surface of the steel pipe. In this case, a ceramic-metal composite,
In particular, since the AlN ceramic / metal composite material is a material having excellent corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, and thermal shock resistance, at least the surface layer of the coating layer which comes into direct contact with corrosive exhaust gas is preferably a ceramic / metal composite material, particularly preferably AlN. The coating structure is made of a ceramic-metal composite material. Since the structure of these materials can be made dense by forming a sintered body, the adhesion of fly ash can be reduced, and the intrusion of corrosive components such as molten salt due to corrosive gas or fly ash can be prevented.
【００３０】特に、上記被覆層の少なくとも表層部は、
実質的にＡｌＮとＡｌＯＮとＡｌとからなるＡｌＮ系セ
ラミック・金属複合焼結体、若しくはＡｌＮとＡｌＯＮ
とＡｌとを主体とし、これにＴｉＯ2、ＺｒＯ2、Ｃｒ2
Ｏ3、Ａｌ2Ｏ3、ＳｉＯ2、Ｙ2Ｏ3、ＣｅＯ2、Ｓｃ2Ｏ3
等の酸化物、ＢＮ、ＭｇＢ2、ＣａＢ6、ＴｉＢ2、Ｚｒ
Ｂ2、ＡｌＢ2等の硼化物、Ｂ4Ｃ、ＴｉＣ、ＺｒＣ、Ｃ
ｒ3Ｃ2、Ａｌ4Ｃ3、ＳｉＣ等の炭化物、ＴｉＮ、Ｚｒ
Ｎ、Ｃｒ2Ｎ、Ｓｉ3Ｎ4等の窒化物、Ｓｉ2Ｎ2Ｏ等の酸
窒化物等の中から選ばれる１種又は２種以上を配合した
燒結体からなることが好ましい。In particular, at least the surface layer of the coating layer is
AlN-based ceramic / metal composite sintered body substantially consisting of AlN, AlON and Al, or AlN and AlON
And Al as a main component, and TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , and Cr 2
O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , Sc 2 O 3
Oxides such as BN, MgB 2 , CaB 6 , TiB 2 , Zr
Borides such as B 2 and AlB 2 , B 4 C, TiC, ZrC, C
carbides such as r 3 C 2 , Al 4 C 3 , SiC, TiN, Zr
It is preferable to use a sintered body in which one or two or more selected from nitrides such as N, Cr 2 N and Si 3 N 4 and oxynitrides such as Si 2 N 2 O are blended.
【００３１】また、上記被覆構造はセラミック・金属複
合材料による被覆層のみの場合と、鋼管と表層部のセラ
ミック・金属複合材料の間に他の材料による中間層を形
成させた場合が含まれる。The above-mentioned coating structure includes a case where only a coating layer made of a ceramic-metal composite material is used and a case where an intermediate layer made of another material is formed between a steel pipe and a ceramic-metal composite material in a surface layer portion.
【００３２】また、ゴミ焼却プラント等に用いられる熱
交換器では、前記過熱器管等のように本発明が規定する
伝熱管構造が必要なものと、本発明が規定する伝熱管構
造で構成されなくても簡単な処置で寿命の延長を図るこ
とができるものもあるので、本発明の熱交換器には、熱
交換用伝熱管の一部についてのみ本発明が規定する伝熱
管構造としたものも含まれる。Further, a heat exchanger used in a garbage incineration plant or the like includes a heat transfer tube structure defined by the present invention, such as the superheater tube, and a heat transfer tube structure defined by the present invention. The heat exchanger of the present invention has a heat transfer tube structure specified by the present invention for only a part of the heat transfer tubes for heat exchange because some of them can extend the life with a simple treatment even without the heat treatment. Is also included.
【００３３】請求項４に係る発明において、熱交換器を
空気予熱器に限定したのは、ゴミ焼却プラント等におい
ては、通常ゴミ焼却のために予熱空気が必要であり、且
つ空気予熱器は前述したようにその入口側が高温腐食領
域Ｍの対象箇所であることによる。In the invention according to claim 4, the heat exchanger is limited to an air preheater. In a refuse incineration plant or the like, preheating air is usually required for refuse incineration, and the air preheater is the same as that described above. As described above, the inlet side is a target portion of the high-temperature corrosion area M.
【００３４】請求項５に係る発明において、熱交換器
を、外部を高温ガスと接触させ、内部を通過する被加熱
流体との間で熱交換させる熱交換用伝熱管を備えた水冷
壁管に限定したのは次のような理由による。すなわち、
ゴミ焼却プラント等では、ゴミ焼却炉等で発生した高温
の燃焼排ガス（以下、排ガスという）は、その廃熱を前
述したテールエンドボイラ、空気予熱器等で有効利用す
るためにそれらに接続された処理室、処理塔等を含む排
ガス路を通過する。通常、排ガス路には排ガスの温度を
調整したり、飛灰等のダスト付着防止のために複数の管
とフィンからなる水冷壁管が用いられている。しかし、
前記水冷壁管では飛灰等を含んだ腐食性の排ガスにより
腐食が生じ易いので、請求項５に係る発明においては、
高温ガスと接触する片側又は両側の水冷壁管本体に被覆
層を形成し、該被覆層の少なくとも表層部をセラミック
・金属複合材料による被覆層部を有するパネルで形成
し、腐食性排ガスによる水冷壁管の腐食を防止する。In the invention according to the fifth aspect, the heat exchanger is provided with a water-cooled wall tube provided with a heat-exchange heat transfer tube for exchanging heat with a fluid to be heated passing therethrough by contacting the outside with a high-temperature gas. The limitation is based on the following reasons. That is,
In garbage incineration plants, etc., high-temperature combustion exhaust gas (hereinafter referred to as “exhaust gas”) generated in a garbage incinerator or the like is connected to the tail end boiler, an air preheater, etc. in order to effectively use the waste heat. It passes through an exhaust gas path including a processing chamber and a processing tower. Normally, a water-cooled wall pipe composed of a plurality of pipes and fins is used in the exhaust gas path for adjusting the temperature of the exhaust gas and preventing dust such as fly ash from adhering. But,
In the water-cooled wall pipe, corrosion is easily caused by corrosive exhaust gas containing fly ash and the like.
A coating layer is formed on one or both sides of a water-cooled wall tube body that comes in contact with a high-temperature gas, and at least a surface layer of the coating layer is formed of a panel having a coating layer portion made of a ceramic-metal composite material. Prevents pipe corrosion.
【００３５】また、本発明における熱交換用伝熱管の被
覆層の厚さは３ｍｍ以上３０ｍｍ以下が好ましい。被覆
層の厚さが３ｍｍ未満では熱交換用伝熱管の腐食防止効
果が十分でない場合があり、一方、３０ｍｍを超えると
被覆層の厚み方向に熱勾配が生じてセラミック・金属複
合材料に割れが生じ易い。より好ましい厚さは３ｍｍ以
上１２ｍｍ以下である。The thickness of the coating layer of the heat exchange tube for heat exchange in the present invention is preferably 3 mm or more and 30 mm or less. If the thickness of the coating layer is less than 3 mm, the effect of preventing corrosion of the heat exchanger tubes may not be sufficient. On the other hand, if the thickness exceeds 30 mm, a thermal gradient occurs in the thickness direction of the coating layer, causing cracks in the ceramic-metal composite material. Easy to occur. A more preferable thickness is 3 mm or more and 12 mm or less.
【００３６】以上のように、本発明によれば、腐食性排
ガスに含有する飛灰が熱交換用伝熱管の表面に付着して
も付着力が小さいので、熱交換用伝熱管を槌打具等で槌
打して腐食の起因となる付着飛灰を簡単に除去すること
ができ、また被覆層の少なくとも表層部がセラミック・
金属複合材料、より好ましくはＡｌＮ系セラミック・金
属複合材料で構成されるため、腐食性排ガスの侵入によ
る熱交換用伝熱管の腐食を防止できる。従って、結果と
して熱交換器の寿命が延長できる。As described above, according to the present invention, even if the fly ash contained in the corrosive exhaust gas adheres to the surface of the heat exchange tube, the adhesive force is small. The fly ash that causes corrosion can be easily removed by hammering, and at least the surface of the coating layer is made of ceramic.
Since it is made of a metal composite material, more preferably, an AlN ceramic / metal composite material, it is possible to prevent corrosion of the heat exchange tube for heat exchange due to intrusion of corrosive exhaust gas. Therefore, the life of the heat exchanger can be extended as a result.
【００３７】[0037]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明による熱交換器の構
造をテールエンドボイラに適用した場合の一実施形態に
ついて説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment in which the structure of the heat exchanger according to the present invention is applied to a tail end boiler will be described below.
【００３８】図１は本発明の一実施形態であるテールエ
ンドボイラの概略側面図、図２は図１中の過熱器管の要
部を示す斜視図、図３は図２のＡ−Ａ線に沿う断面図で
ある。また、図４は図１中の過熱器管の他の実施形態を
示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a tail end boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a main part of a superheater tube in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a line AA in FIG. FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the superheater tube in FIG.
【００３９】テールエンドボイラ１４ｂでは、第２パス
部５に続いてテールエンドボイラ方式の特徴である第３
パス部１５ｂを設けている。前記第２パス部５では高温
腐食を軽減するために排ガス温度を低下させ、飛灰等を
分離除去するためにミキシングが行われる。前記第３パ
ス部１５ｂでは、第２パス部５で所定の排ガス温度等に
調整された排ガスを水平方向に流してそのガス雰囲気中
に熱交換用伝熱管Ｐで構成された蒸発器管１６ｂ、過熱
器管１７ｂが設置されており、これら熱交換用伝熱管Ｐ
は排ガスの水平方向の流れに対して垂直に設置されてい
る。In the tail end boiler 14b, following the second pass section 5, the third end characteristic of the tail end boiler system is provided.
A pass section 15b is provided. In the second pass section 5, mixing is performed to lower the exhaust gas temperature in order to reduce high-temperature corrosion and to separate and remove fly ash and the like. In the third pass portion 15b, the exhaust gas adjusted to a predetermined exhaust gas temperature or the like in the second pass portion 5 flows in the horizontal direction, and an evaporator tube 16b including a heat exchange heat transfer tube P in the gas atmosphere, A superheater tube 17b is provided, and these heat exchange heat transfer tubes P
Are installed perpendicular to the horizontal flow of exhaust gas.
【００４０】以下、テールエンドボイラ１４ｂを構成す
る伝熱部の代表例として過熱器管１７ｂについて詳述す
る。Hereinafter, the superheater tube 17b will be described in detail as a typical example of the heat transfer section constituting the tail end boiler 14b.
【００４１】図２及び図３に示すように、過熱器管１７
ｂを構成する伝熱管（熱交換用伝熱管Ｐ）は鋼管２４と
その外面を被覆する被覆層２５とからなり、この被覆層
２５がＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合材料により構成さ
れている。As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
The heat transfer tube (heat transfer tube P for heat exchange) constituting b comprises a steel tube 24 and a coating layer 25 covering the outer surface thereof, and the coating layer 25 is made of an AlN ceramic / metal composite material.
【００４２】通常、内部を通過する蒸気の温度、圧力等
に応じて炭素鋼、合金鋼、ステンレス鋼等の鋼管２４が
使用されるので、ここでもそれらをそのまま採用し、鋼
管２４の表面に形成された被覆層２５によって矢印で示
す腐食性排ガスが鋼管２４の表面に到達しないようにし
ている。Usually, a steel pipe 24 of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel or the like is used in accordance with the temperature, pressure, etc. of the steam passing through the inside. The applied coating layer 25 prevents corrosive exhaust gas indicated by an arrow from reaching the surface of the steel pipe 24.
【００４３】本実施形態の被覆層２５は、被覆層全体を
ＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合材料で構成してある。し
かし、被覆層２５はこれに限定されるものではなく、必
要に応じて表層部のみをＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合
材料で構成してもよい。The coating layer 25 of the present embodiment is made of an AlN ceramic / metal composite material as a whole. However, the coating layer 25 is not limited to this, and only the surface layer may be made of an AlN-based ceramic / metal composite material as needed.
【００４４】上記した被覆構造のいずれの場合でも、Ａ
ｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合材料が耐食性、耐摩耗性、
耐熱衝撃性に優れた材料であり、この材料による被覆層
部が腐食性排ガスと直接接触する表層部を含むことが必
要である。In any of the above-described coating structures, A
1N ceramic / metal composite material has corrosion resistance, wear resistance,
It is a material excellent in thermal shock resistance, and it is necessary that the coating layer portion of this material includes a surface layer portion that directly contacts corrosive exhaust gas.
【００４５】これによって、熱交換用伝熱管Ｐへの飛灰
の付着力を小さくし、熱交換用伝熱管を槌打具等で槌打
して腐食の起因となる付着飛灰を簡単に除去でき、且つ
被覆層の少なくとも表層部がセラミック・金属複合材
料、好ましくはＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合材料で構
成されるため、腐食性排ガスの侵入による熱交換用伝熱
管の腐食を防止できる。Thus, the adhesion of fly ash to the heat exchange heat transfer tube P is reduced, and the heat exchange tube is hammered with a hammer or the like to easily remove attached fly ash which causes corrosion. In addition, since at least the surface layer of the coating layer is made of a ceramic / metal composite material, preferably an AlN-based ceramic / metal composite material, corrosion of the heat exchange tube for heat exchange due to intrusion of corrosive exhaust gas can be prevented.
【００４６】ＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合材料はＡｌ
Ｎ系セラミックと金属を複合させた材料であり、セラミ
ック材料のＡｌＮは焼結体として組織を緻密にできるの
で、上記特性によって優れた耐食性と摩耗性、比較的優
れた耐熱衝撃性を発揮できる。The AlN ceramic / metal composite material is Al
A composite material of N-based ceramic and metal, AlN as a ceramic material can have a dense structure as a sintered body, and thus can exhibit excellent corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance, and relatively excellent thermal shock resistance due to the above characteristics.
【００４７】一方、ＡｌＮ系セラミック材料と共存する
金属材料には、通常金属アルミニウム（Ａｌ）が用いら
れる。Ａｌは熱伝導の極めて良い物質で、且つ衝撃の緩
和に有利な金属であり、過熱器管１７ｂ等の被覆層の構
成材料として適している。On the other hand, as the metal material coexisting with the AlN-based ceramic material, metal aluminum (Al) is usually used. Al is a material having a very good heat conductivity and a metal that is advantageous for reducing impact, and is suitable as a constituent material of a coating layer such as the superheater tube 17b.
【００４８】被覆層２５が、実質的にＡｌＮとＡｌＯＮ
とＡｌとからなるＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合焼結体
で構成される場合、この複合材料を鋼管２４の表面に被
覆する焼結の段階で、Ａｌの多くは雰囲気の窒素
（Ｎ2）と反応してＡｌＮに変わり、図３（ｂ）に示す
ように未反応のＡｌがアルミナ（Ａｌ2Ｏ3）に包まれた
粒子２６としてＡｌＮ中に分散した構造になり、ＡｌＮ
がそれらの粒子間の結合力を強化すると考えられる。上
記焼結工程は窒化炉等を用いて行なわれる。The coating layer 25 is substantially made of AlN and AlON
AlN ceramic-metal composite sintered body composed of Al and Al, most of Al reacts with nitrogen (N 2 ) in the atmosphere during the sintering step of coating this composite material on the surface of the steel pipe 24. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), unreacted Al is dispersed in AlN as particles 26 wrapped in alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), and the structure becomes AlN.
Is believed to enhance the bonding between the particles. The sintering step is performed using a nitriding furnace or the like.
【００４９】図４に示す被覆層による被覆構造では、Ａ
ｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合材料による表層部２５ａと
鋼管２４との間に他の材料による中間層部２５ｂを形成
させている。In the covering structure with the covering layer shown in FIG.
An intermediate layer 25b made of another material is formed between the surface layer 25a made of the 1N ceramic / metal composite material and the steel pipe 24.
【００５０】この中間層部２５ｂを形成する材料として
は、例えば炭素繊維を主体とした耐熱性、熱伝導率等の
優れた材料等が用いられる。他の材料による中間層部２
５ｂは必要に応じて適宜採用することができる。As a material for forming the intermediate layer portion 25b, for example, a material mainly composed of carbon fiber having excellent heat resistance and thermal conductivity is used. Intermediate layer 2 made of another material
5b can be appropriately adopted as needed.
【００５１】本発明で対象とする熱交換器は、外部又は
内部の排ガスと内部又は外部を通過する被加熱流体との
間で熱交換させる全てのものを含み、上記したテールエ
ンドボイラ内の蒸発器管１６ｂ、耐食性過熱器管１７ｂ
の他に、空気予熱器管１８ｂ、水冷壁管２３ｂ、エコノ
マイザ２０ｂ等も含まれる。The heat exchanger of the present invention includes everything that exchanges heat between the external or internal exhaust gas and the fluid to be heated passing through the internal or external part, and includes the above-described evaporation in the tail end boiler. Tube 16b, corrosion-resistant superheater tube 17b
In addition, an air preheater tube 18b, a water cooling wall tube 23b, an economizer 20b, and the like are also included.
【００５２】したがって、空気予熱器管１８ｂ、水冷壁
管２３ｂ、エコノマイザ２０ｂ等も必要に応じて本発明
による熱交換用伝熱管Ｐで構成することができる。Therefore, the air preheater tube 18b, the water cooling wall tube 23b, the economizer 20b, and the like can also be constituted by the heat exchange heat transfer tube P according to the present invention, if necessary.
【００５３】図１では第３パス部１５ｂに続いて第４パ
ス部１９ｂを設け、排ガスを下方に流してそのガス雰囲
気中にエコノマイザ２０ｂ、空気予熱器管１８ｂを設置
している。この第４パス部１９ｂから排出された排ガス
はバグフィルタ１０を経て、煙突１１より大気に放出さ
れる。一方、過熱器管１７ｂで発生した過熱蒸気は、ヘ
ッダ１２を通って蒸気タービン１３に送られる。符号２
１ｂはボイラドラムである。In FIG. 1, a fourth pass portion 19b is provided following the third pass portion 15b, and the exhaust gas flows downward, and an economizer 20b and an air preheater tube 18b are installed in the gas atmosphere. The exhaust gas discharged from the fourth pass portion 19b passes through the bag filter 10, and is discharged from the chimney 11 to the atmosphere. On the other hand, the superheated steam generated in the superheater tube 17b is sent to the steam turbine 13 through the header 12. Sign 2
1b is a boiler drum.
【００５４】図１〜図４における熱交換用伝熱管Ｐで構
成した蒸発器管１６ｂ、過熱器管１７ｂを備えたテール
エンドボイラを用いて、焼却炉１から発生する高温排ガ
スにより熱交換用伝熱管Ｐの内部を通過する被加熱流体
の間で熱交換させる操業を行った。この場合、過熱器管
１７ｂでは蒸気温度が４５０℃以上の過熱蒸気を発生さ
せて通過させ、ヘッダ１２を通し蒸気タービン１３に送
った。この際、過熱器管１７ｂを構成する熱交換用伝熱
管Ｐに付着する付着飛灰を適宜槌打具２２ｂにより槌打
して除去した。操業開始一年後の過熱器管１７ｂの腐食
状況を調べたが、過酷な条件に曝されているにも拘らず
鋼管２４は腐食減肉の兆が全く見られなかった。また、
過熱器管１７ｂの槌打に対してＡｌＮ系セラミック・金
属複合材料による被覆層２５は亀裂の発生も見られなか
った。Using a tail end boiler provided with an evaporator tube 16b and a superheater tube 17b constituted by the heat exchange tube P shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, heat exchange transfer is performed by high-temperature exhaust gas generated from the incinerator 1. An operation of exchanging heat between fluids to be heated passing through the inside of the heat pipe P was performed. In this case, superheated steam having a steam temperature of 450 ° C. or more was generated and passed through the superheater tube 17 b and sent to the steam turbine 13 through the header 12. At this time, fly ash adhering to the heat exchange heat transfer tube P constituting the superheater tube 17b was removed by hammering with an appropriate hammer 22b. One year after the start of the operation, the corrosion state of the superheater tube 17b was examined. However, despite the fact that the steel tube 24 was exposed to severe conditions, there was no sign of corrosion thinning. Also,
Cracking was not observed in the coating layer 25 made of the AlN-based ceramic / metal composite material in response to hammering of the superheater tube 17b.
【００５５】以上の結果から、熱交換用伝熱管Ｐを備え
たテールエンドボイラによれば、蒸気温度が４５０℃以
上の過熱蒸気を通過させる過熱器管１７ｂを上記ボイラ
内に設置した場合、従来の過熱器管１７ａに比較して寿
命の延長を大きくできることが判った。From the above results, according to the tail end boiler provided with the heat exchange heat transfer tube P, when the superheater tube 17b through which the superheated steam having a steam temperature of 450 ° C. or more is installed is installed in the boiler, It has been found that the life can be extended longer than the superheater tube 17a.
【００５６】図５は本発明による熱交換器の構造を水冷
壁管に適用した場合の一実施形態を示す水平断面図であ
り、図６は図５中のＢ−Ｂ線に沿う矢視図である。FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view showing an embodiment in which the structure of the heat exchanger according to the present invention is applied to a water-cooled wall tube, and FIG. 6 is a view taken along the line BB in FIG. It is.
【００５７】この水冷壁管２７は、複数の鋼管２４ａと
その間を接続するフィン２９からなる水冷壁管本体２８
と被覆パネル３０から構成されている。すなわち、この
水冷壁管２７は、高温ガスと接触する水冷壁管本体２８
の片面側にセラミック・金属複合材料、好ましくはＡｌ
Ｎ系セラミック・金属複合材料からなる被覆パネル３０
を取り付けた被覆構造を有している。前記被覆パネル３
０は、水冷壁管本体２８に接触する側の面をそれらの形
状に合わせた形状にしている。排ガス側と接触する面の
形状は特に限定されない。The water-cooling wall pipe 27 is composed of a plurality of steel pipes 24a and fins 29 connecting between the steel pipes 24a.
And a cover panel 30. That is, the water-cooled wall tube 27 is provided with a water-cooled wall tube main body 28 that comes into contact with the high-temperature gas.
Ceramic-metal composite material, preferably Al
Covering panel 30 made of N-based ceramic / metal composite material
Is provided. The covering panel 3
Reference numeral 0 designates a surface on the side in contact with the water-cooled wall tube main body 28 in a shape adapted to those shapes. The shape of the surface in contact with the exhaust gas side is not particularly limited.
【００５８】前記被覆パネル３０は、水冷壁管本体２８
のフィン２９と接触する箇所に取付け具３１によって固
定されている。ここでは、被覆パネル３０全体をセラミ
ック・金属複合材料、好ましくはＡｌＮ系セラミック・
金属複合材料で構成したが、これに限定されるものでは
なく、他の耐熱性材料等による基材を適用することがで
きる。The covering panel 30 is composed of a water-cooled wall tube main body 28.
Is fixed by a fixture 31 at a position where the fin 29 comes into contact with the fin 29. Here, the entire covering panel 30 is made of a ceramic-metal composite material, preferably an AlN-based ceramic material.
Although a metal composite material is used, the present invention is not limited to this, and a substrate made of another heat-resistant material or the like can be used.
【００５９】前記被覆パネル３０の形状、厚さ、大きさ
等は適宜選定することができるが、いずれの被覆パネル
であっても、排ガスと接触する少なくとも表層部はセラ
ミック・金属複合材料、好ましくはＡｌＮ系セラミック
・金属複合材料で構成することが必要である。The shape, thickness, size and the like of the covering panel 30 can be appropriately selected. In any of the covering panels, at least the surface layer in contact with the exhaust gas is a ceramic-metal composite material, preferably It is necessary to use an AlN ceramic / metal composite material.
【００６０】前記被覆パネル３０間の隙間等は耐食性目
地材を塗布したり、被覆パネル３０と水冷壁管本体２８
の間にはカオール等のバッキン材を介挿させて排ガスに
よる侵入を防止する。The gaps and the like between the cover panels 30 are coated with a corrosion-resistant joint material, or the cover panel 30 and the water-cooled wall pipe main body 28 are coated.
A backing material such as a cahor is interposed therebetween to prevent intrusion by exhaust gas.
【００６１】上記のような水冷壁管２７の構造は施工が
容易であり、また、損傷箇所が発生した際に、その箇所
のみの被覆パネル３０を交換すればよいので修理が迅速
にできる。The structure of the water-cooled wall tube 27 as described above is easy to construct, and when a damaged portion occurs, the cover panel 30 only at that portion needs to be replaced, so that repair can be performed quickly.
【００６２】また、図５及び図６の実施形態では、片側
に被覆パネル３０を備えた水冷壁管２７について述べた
が、必要に応じて両側に被覆パネル３０を備えた水冷壁
管とすることができる。Further, in the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6, the water-cooled wall tube 27 having the covering panel 30 on one side has been described. Can be.
【００６３】伝熱管の被覆層を形成するＡｌＮ系セラミ
ック・金属複合材料は、ＡｌやＡｌＯＮをＡｌＮ中に分
散させた構成になっている。ＡｌＯＮはＡｌ、Ｏ、Ｎか
らなる固溶体の総称で、例えば、Ａｌ11Ｏ16Ｎ、ＡｌＯ
Ｎ、Ａｌ198Ｏ288Ｎ4、Ａｌ2 7Ｏ39Ｎ、Ａｌ10Ｏ8Ｎ3、
Ａｌ9Ｏ3Ｎ7、ＳｉＡｌ7Ｏ2Ｎ7、Ｓｉ3Ａｌ3Ｏ4.5Ｎ5等
を挙げることができる。これらの材料は熱変形特性を有
しながら、熱衝撃を吸収することができる。The AlN ceramic / metal composite material forming the coating layer of the heat transfer tube has a structure in which Al or AlON is dispersed in AlN. AlON is a general term for a solid solution composed of Al, O, and N. For example, Al 11 O 16 N, AlO
N, Al 198 O 288 N 4 , Al 2 7 O 39 N, Al 10 O 8 N 3,
Examples thereof include Al 9 O 3 N 7 , SiAl 7 O 2 N 7 , and Si 3 Al 3 O 4.5 N 5 . These materials can absorb thermal shock while having thermal deformation characteristics.
【００６４】図１〜図６の実施形態では、セラミック・
金属複合材料を構成する金属としてはＡｌについて述べ
たが、金属はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えばＡ
ｌとＳｉ、Ｍｇ等の合金等を用いることができる。In the embodiment shown in FIGS.
Al has been described as a metal constituting the metal composite material, but the metal is not limited to this.
1 and an alloy of Si, Mg or the like can be used.
【００６５】また、ＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合材料
には、ＡｌＮ、ＡｌＯＮ、Ａｌ以外の耐熱性に優れた物
質、例えばＴｉＯ2、ＺｒＯ2、Ｃｒ2Ｏ3、Ａｌ2Ｏ3、Ｓ
ｉＯ 2、Ｙ2Ｏ3、ＣｅＯ2、Ｓｃ2Ｏ3等の酸化物、ＢＮ、
ＭｇＢ2、ＣａＢ6、ＴｉＢ2、ＺｒＢ2、ＡｌＢ2等の硼
化物、Ｂ4Ｃ、ＴｉＣ、ＺｒＣ、Ｃｒ3Ｃ2、Ａｌ4Ｃ3、
ＳｉＣ等の炭化物、ＴｉＮ、ＺｒＮ、Ｃｒ2Ｎ、Ｓｉ3Ｎ
4等の窒化物、Ｓｉ2Ｎ 2Ｏ等の酸窒化物等の中から選ば
れる１種又は２種以上を配合してもよい。Also, an AlN ceramic / metal composite material
Have excellent heat resistance other than AlN, AlON and Al
Quality, eg TiOTwo, ZrOTwo, CrTwoOThree, AlTwoOThree, S
iO Two, YTwoOThree, CeOTwo, ScTwoOThreeOxides such as BN,
MgBTwo, CaB6, TiBTwo, ZrBTwo, AlBTwoEtc. Bor
Compound, BFourC, TiC, ZrC, CrThreeCTwo, AlFourCThree,
Carbides such as SiC, TiN, ZrN, CrTwoN, SiThreeN
FourSuch as nitride, SiTwoN TwoSelect from oxynitrides such as O
One or two or more of these may be blended.
【００６６】図７〜図９は本発明による熱交換器の構造
をゴミ焼却炉の燃焼排ガス路に設けられた空気予熱器に
適用した場合の一実施形態を示すもので、図７はガスク
ーラータイプの火格子式ゴミ焼却炉及びその燃焼排ガス
路を示す部分切欠き側面図、図８は図７中の空気予熱器
の部分切欠斜視図であり、図９は図８中に示す熱交換用
伝熱管のＣ−Ｃ線に沿う断面図である。また、図１０は
図８に示す熱交換用伝熱管の他の実施形態を示す断面図
である。これらの実施形態において、図１〜図４と共通
する構成には同一の符号を付してある。FIGS. 7 to 9 show an embodiment in which the structure of the heat exchanger according to the present invention is applied to an air preheater provided in a flue gas passage of a refuse incinerator. FIG. 7 shows a gas cooler. 8 is a partially cutaway side view of a grate type refuse incinerator and its flue gas passage, FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an air preheater in FIG. 7, and FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows CC line of a heat exchanger tube. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the heat exchange tube for heat exchange shown in FIG. In these embodiments, the same components as those in FIGS. 1 to 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
【００６７】本発明の熱交換器の一つである空気予熱器
４５は空気予熱器管群４６（以下、管群という）を備
え、これら管群４６は熱交換用伝熱管Ｑで構成されてい
る。この空気予熱器４５は、火格子式ゴミ焼却炉１の燃
焼排ガス路４３の下流側に設置されている。The air preheater 45, which is one of the heat exchangers of the present invention, has an air preheater tube group 46 (hereinafter referred to as a tube group), and these tube groups 46 are constituted by heat exchange tubes Q for heat exchange. I have. The air preheater 45 is installed on the downstream side of the flue gas passage 43 of the grate-type refuse incinerator 1.
【００６８】前記燃焼排ガス路４３は、燃焼炉（本実施
形態ではゴミ焼却炉）の燃焼部以降において廃熱の有効
利用を図るための燃焼排ガスが通過する箇所の総称であ
り、ここでは主要な熱交換の伝熱部である空気予熱器４
５へ排ガスが流入するまでの箇所を示し、その間に設置
された二次燃焼室、減温塔等が含まれる。燃焼炉の燃焼
部から排出される排ガスは高温で飛灰等を含む腐食性排
ガスであり、そのまま排ガスを空気予熱器４５に流入さ
せて廃熱の有効利用を図ることは実際上困難である。The flue gas passage 43 is a general term for a portion through which flue gas passes for effective use of waste heat after a combustion section of a combustion furnace (a garbage incinerator in this embodiment). Air preheater 4 which is the heat transfer part of heat exchange
5 shows a portion until exhaust gas flows into the fuel cell 5, and includes a secondary combustion chamber, a cooling tower, and the like installed between the exhaust gas and the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas discharged from the combustion part of the combustion furnace is a corrosive exhaust gas containing fly ash and the like at a high temperature, and it is practically difficult to directly flow the exhaust gas into the air preheater 45 to effectively use the waste heat.
【００６９】したがって、空気予熱器４５では円滑に廃
熱の有効利用を図るために燃焼排ガス路４３に水冷壁管
を設置している。Therefore, in the air preheater 45, a water-cooling wall pipe is provided in the flue gas passage 43 in order to smoothly and effectively use waste heat.
【００７０】空気予熱器４５は予熱器本体４５ａ内に管
群４６を備え、この管群４６は複数の熱交換用伝熱管Ｑ
で構成されている。これら複数の熱交換用伝熱管Ｑは管
固定板４７により横方向に固定されている。The air preheater 45 has a tube group 46 in the preheater main body 45a, and the tube group 46 includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes Q for heat exchange.
It is composed of The plurality of heat exchange tubes Q for heat exchange are fixed laterally by a tube fixing plate 47.
【００７１】排ガスは予熱器本体４５ａ内を上方から下
方に通過し、その間に熱交換用伝熱管Ｑ内を矢印に示す
ように通過する空気と熱交換し空気を予熱する。The exhaust gas passes through the inside of the preheater body 45a from above to below, and exchanges heat with the air passing through the heat exchange tube Q as shown by an arrow during this time to preheat the air.
【００７２】熱交換用伝熱管Ｑは、図９に示すように、
鋼管２４とこの鋼管２４の表面を被覆した被覆層２５と
からなり、この被覆層２５の少なくとも表層部がセラミ
ック・金属複合材料、好ましくはＡｌＮ系セラミック・
金属複合材料で構成されている。The heat exchange tube Q for heat exchange is, as shown in FIG.
It comprises a steel pipe 24 and a coating layer 25 covering the surface of the steel pipe 24. At least the surface layer of the coating layer 25 is a ceramic-metal composite material, preferably an AlN ceramic.
It is composed of a metal composite material.
【００７３】熱交換用伝熱管Ｑは、通常内側を通過する
空気の温度、圧力等に対応して炭素鋼、合金鋼、ステン
レス鋼等の鋼管２４が使用されているので、それらをそ
のまま採用し、鋼管２４の外周面を被覆した被覆層２５
によって腐食性排ガスが鋼管２４の表面に到達しないよ
うにしている。As the heat exchange tube Q for heat exchange, a steel tube 24 of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, or the like is usually used in accordance with the temperature, pressure, etc. of the air passing therethrough. Coating layer 25 covering the outer peripheral surface of steel pipe 24
This prevents corrosive exhaust gas from reaching the surface of the steel pipe 24.
【００７４】前記被覆層２５は、図９に示すように、被
覆層全体がセラミック・金属複合材料、好ましくはＡｌ
Ｎ系セラミック・金属複合材料で構成されている。しか
し、被覆層２５はこれに限定されるものではなく、例え
ば図１０に示すように表層部２５ａのみをセラミック・
金属複合材料、好ましくはＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複
合材料で構成し、中間層部２５ｂに他の耐熱性、熱伝導
性に優れた例えば炭素繊維等の材料を用いることができ
る。As shown in FIG. 9, the coating layer 25 is made of a ceramic-metal composite material, preferably Al
It is composed of an N-based ceramic / metal composite material. However, the coating layer 25 is not limited to this, and for example, as shown in FIG.
The intermediate layer 25b may be made of a metal composite material, preferably an AlN ceramic / metal composite material, and may be made of another material having excellent heat resistance and heat conductivity, such as carbon fiber.
【００７５】また、燃焼排ガス路４３では二次燃焼室４
２に水冷壁管２３ｃを設置している。この燃焼排ガス路
４３に設置された水冷壁管２３ｃの少なくとも一つは、
複数の鋼管と該鋼管間を接続するフィンとからなる水冷
壁管本体と、該水冷壁管本体の高温ガスと接触する面側
を被覆する被覆層とからなり、それらの被覆層の少なく
とも表層部をセラミック・金属複合材料で構成してい
る。なお、この水冷壁管２３ｃの好ましい実施形態は、
前述の図５及び図６と同じく水冷壁管の被覆層の表層部
がセラミック・金属複合材料による被覆層部を有するパ
ネルで構成した構造である。In the combustion exhaust gas passage 43, the secondary combustion chamber 4
2 is provided with a water-cooled wall tube 23c. At least one of the water-cooling wall pipes 23c installed in the flue gas passage 43 is
A water-cooled wall pipe main body comprising a plurality of steel pipes and fins connecting between the steel pipes, and a coating layer for coating a surface of the water-cooled wall pipe main body that comes into contact with the high-temperature gas, and at least a surface layer portion of the coating layer. Is composed of a ceramic-metal composite material. The preferred embodiment of the water-cooled wall tube 23c is as follows.
5 and 6, the surface layer of the coating layer of the water-cooled wall tube is constituted by a panel having a coating layer made of a ceramic-metal composite material.
【００７６】次に、図７〜図９に示した空気予熱器４５
の作用について説明する。Next, the air preheater 45 shown in FIGS.
The operation of will be described.
【００７７】火格子式ゴミ焼却炉１で発生した燃焼排ガ
スは二次燃焼室４２で出口温度が８００〜９５０℃（好
ましくは８５０〜９５０℃）になるように調整される。
二次燃焼室４２では、二次燃焼によって燃焼排ガスが高
温になるので、二次燃焼室４２等に水冷壁管２３ｃを設
けて燃焼排ガスと水冷壁管２３ｃの外面側を接触させ、
内部を通過する被加熱流体（水）との間で熱交換させて
二次燃焼室４２等の保護を図るとともに、下流側に接続
されている空気予熱器４５での排ガスの廃熱を利用し易
くしている。The flue gas generated in the grate-type refuse incinerator 1 is adjusted in the secondary combustion chamber 42 so that the outlet temperature becomes 800 to 950 ° C. (preferably 850 to 950 ° C.).
In the secondary combustion chamber 42, since the combustion exhaust gas becomes high temperature due to the secondary combustion, a water cooling wall tube 23c is provided in the secondary combustion chamber 42 and the like, and the combustion exhaust gas is brought into contact with the outer surface side of the water cooling wall tube 23c,
Heat is exchanged with the fluid to be heated (water) passing through the inside to protect the secondary combustion chamber 42 and the like, and waste heat of exhaust gas in the air preheater 45 connected downstream is used. Making it easier.
【００７８】二次燃焼室３６から排出された排ガスは減
温塔４４等で水スプレーにより所定の温度まで冷却さ
れ、飛灰等の大きなダストが除去される。減温塔４４を
通過し、所定の温度等に調整された排ガスは空気予熱器
４５に流入する。この空気予熱器４５では、排ガスが熱
交換用伝熱管Ｑで構成された管群４６において熱交換用
伝熱管Ｑの内側を通過する空気と熱交換されて、燃焼用
予熱空気が得られる。その後、排ガスはバグフイルタ４
８等の排ガス処理装置等を経由して浄化されて煙突１１
から大気中に放出される。図中、４０は主燃焼室、４１
は火格子である。The exhaust gas discharged from the secondary combustion chamber 36 is cooled to a predetermined temperature by a water spray in a cooling tower 44 or the like, and large dust such as fly ash is removed. The exhaust gas that has passed through the cooling tower 44 and has been adjusted to a predetermined temperature or the like flows into the air preheater 45. In the air preheater 45, the exhaust gas is heat-exchanged with air passing through the inside of the heat exchange tube Q in the tube group 46 composed of the heat exchange tube Q to obtain preheated combustion air. After that, the exhaust gas was filtered by bag filter 4.
8 and the like.
Is released into the atmosphere. In the figure, 40 is the main combustion chamber, 41
Is a grate.
【００７９】また、図１１及び図１２は本発明による熱
交換器の構造を空気予熱器に適用した場合の他の実施形
態を示すもので、図１１は空気予熱器の部分切欠斜視
図、図１２は図１１のＤ−Ｄ線に沿う断面図である。ま
た、図１３は図１１に示す熱交換用伝熱管の他の実施形
態を示す断面図である。FIGS. 11 and 12 show another embodiment in which the structure of the heat exchanger according to the present invention is applied to an air preheater. FIG. 11 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the air preheater. FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG. FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the heat exchange tube for heat exchange shown in FIG.
【００８０】空気予熱器５０は予熱器本体５０ａ内に空
気予熱器管群５１（以下、管群という）を備え、これら
管群５１は複数の熱交換用伝熱管Ｒで構成されている。
この複数の熱交換用伝熱管Ｒは管固定板５２により縦方
向に固定されている。The air preheater 50 includes an air preheater tube group 51 (hereinafter, referred to as a tube group) in a preheater main body 50a, and the tube group 51 includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes R for heat exchange.
The plurality of heat exchange tubes R for heat exchange are fixed in the vertical direction by a tube fixing plate 52.
【００８１】燃焼排ガスは予熱器本体５０ａ内の耐食性
伝熱管Ｒ内を矢印に示すように上方から下方に通過し、
その間に耐食性伝熱管Ｒの間を矢印に示すように通過す
る空気と熱交換し予熱空気を得る。The flue gas passes through the corrosion-resistant heat transfer tube R in the preheater main body 50a from above to below as indicated by the arrow.
In the meantime, heat is exchanged with the air passing between the corrosion-resistant heat transfer tubes R as shown by the arrows to obtain preheated air.
【００８２】熱交換用伝熱管Ｒは、図１２に示すよう
に、鋼管５５とこの鋼管５５の内面に形成させた被覆層
５６とからなり、この被覆層５６の少なくとも表層部が
セラミック・金属複合材料、好ましくはＡｌＮ系セラミ
ック・金属複合材料で構成されている。この鋼管５５の
内面に形成された被覆層５６は、太矢印で示す腐食性排
ガスの侵入を防止し、鋼管５５の内面に到達しないよう
にしている。As shown in FIG. 12, the heat exchanger tube R for heat exchange includes a steel pipe 55 and a coating layer 56 formed on the inner surface of the steel pipe 55, and at least the surface layer of the coating layer 56 is a ceramic-metal composite. It is made of a material, preferably an AlN-based ceramic-metal composite material. The coating layer 56 formed on the inner surface of the steel pipe 55 prevents the corrosive exhaust gas shown by the thick arrow from entering, and prevents the corrosive exhaust gas from reaching the inner surface of the steel pipe 55.
【００８３】被覆層５６は被覆層全体がセラミック・金
属複合材料、好ましくはＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合
材料により構成したものであるが、被覆層５６はこれに
限定されるものではなく、図１３に示すように必要に応
じて表層部５６ａのみをセラミック・金属複合材料、好
ましくはＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合材料で構成し、
中間層部５６ｂに他の耐熱性、熱伝導性の優れた例えば
炭素繊維等の材料を用いてもよい。The coating layer 56 is made of a ceramic / metal composite material, preferably an AlN-based ceramic / metal composite material, but the coating layer 56 is not limited to this. As shown, if necessary, only the surface layer portion 56a is made of a ceramic-metal composite material, preferably an AlN-based ceramic-metal composite material,
The intermediate layer 56b may be made of another material having excellent heat resistance and heat conductivity, such as carbon fiber.
【００８４】ＡｌＮ系セラミック・金属複合材料はＡｌ
Ｎ系セラミックと金属を複合させた材料であり、これら
の材料は図３（ｂ）に関して述べたように焼結体として
使用することにより組織が緻密にできるので、飛灰の付
着力を小さくし、且つ腐食性ガスや飛灰中の塩等による
腐食成分の侵入を防止することができ、優れた耐食性と
耐摩耗性、比較的優れた耐熱衝撃性を発揮できる材料で
ある。The AlN ceramic / metal composite material is Al
As described with reference to FIG. 3B, these materials are made of a composite of N-based ceramic and metal, and can be used in a sintered body to form a fine structure. In addition, it is a material that can prevent the intrusion of corrosive components due to corrosive gas and salts in fly ash, and can exhibit excellent corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance, and relatively excellent thermal shock resistance.
【００８５】[0085]
【発明の効果】以上述べた本発明によれば、比較的高い
蒸気温度で使用しても熱交換用伝熱管の腐食が生じにく
く、また排ガス中の飛灰の熱交換用伝熱管への付着性も
小さくでき、これらにより熱交換用伝熱管の寿命延長を
図ることができる。According to the present invention described above, even when used at a relatively high steam temperature, corrosion of the heat exchanger tubes is less likely to occur, and fly ash in exhaust gas adheres to the heat exchanger tubes. The heat transfer tubes for heat exchange can be extended in life.
【図１】本発明の熱交換器の構造をテールエンドボイラ
に適用した場合の一実施形態を示す概略側面図FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing an embodiment in which the structure of the heat exchanger of the present invention is applied to a tail end boiler.
【図２】図１に示す過熱器管の要部を示す斜視図FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a main part of the superheater tube shown in FIG.
【図３】図２に示す伝熱管のＡ−Ａ線に沿う断面図FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the heat transfer tube shown in FIG. 2 taken along line AA.
【図４】図２に示す伝熱管の他の実施形態を示す断面図FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the heat transfer tube shown in FIG. 2;
【図５】本発明の熱交換器の構造を水冷壁管に適用した
場合の一実施形態を示す水平断面図FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view showing an embodiment in which the structure of the heat exchanger of the present invention is applied to a water-cooled wall tube.
【図６】図５中のＢ−Ｂ線に沿う矢視図FIG. 6 is an arrow view along the line BB in FIG. 5;
【図７】本発明の熱交換器の構造をゴミ焼却プラントの
空気予熱器に適用した場合の一実施形態を示す部分切欠
き側面図FIG. 7 is a partially cutaway side view showing an embodiment in which the structure of the heat exchanger of the present invention is applied to an air preheater of a refuse incineration plant.
【図８】図７に示す空気予熱器の部分切欠き斜視図8 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the air preheater shown in FIG.
【図９】図８に示す伝熱管のＣ−Ｃ線に沿う断面図9 is a cross-sectional view of the heat transfer tube shown in FIG. 8, taken along line CC.
【図１０】図８に示す伝熱管の他の実施形態を示す断面
図FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the heat transfer tube shown in FIG. 8;
【図１１】図７に示す空気予熱器の他の実施形態を示す
部分切欠き斜視図FIG. 11 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing another embodiment of the air preheater shown in FIG. 7;
【図１２】図１１に示す伝熱管のＤ−Ｄ線に沿う断面図12 is a cross-sectional view of the heat transfer tube shown in FIG. 11, taken along line DD.
【図１３】図１１に示す伝熱管の他の実施形態を示す断
面図FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the heat transfer tube shown in FIG. 11;
【図１４】管壁温度と腐食速度の関係を示すグラフFIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between tube wall temperature and corrosion rate.
【図１５】従来の縦型ボイラを後流側に設置したゴミ焼
却プラントのフロー図FIG. 15 is a flow diagram of a refuse incineration plant in which a conventional vertical boiler is installed on the downstream side.
【図１６】従来のテールエンドボイラを後流側に設置し
たゴミ焼却プラントのフロー図FIG. 16 is a flow chart of a waste incineration plant in which a conventional tail end boiler is installed on the downstream side.
１ ゴミ焼却炉 １４ｂ テールエンドボイラ １６ｂ 蒸発器管 １７ｂ 過熱器管 １８ｂ 空気予熱器管 ２０ｂ エコノマイザ ２２ｂ 槌打具 ２３ｂ 水冷壁管 ２３ｃ 水冷壁管 ２４ 鋼管 ２４ａ 鋼管 ２５ 被覆層 ２５ａ 表層部 ２５ｂ 中間層部 ２７ 水冷壁管 ２８ 水冷壁管本体 ２９ フィン ３０ 被覆パネル ４０ 主燃焼室 ４２ 二次燃焼室 ４５ 空気予熱器 ４５ａ 予熱器本体 ５０ 空気予熱器 ５０ａ 予熱器本体 ５５ 鋼管 ５６ 被覆層 ５６ａ 表層部 ５６ｂ 中間層部 Ｐ 熱交換用伝熱管 Ｑ 熱交換用伝熱管 Ｒ 熱交換用伝熱管 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Garbage incinerator 14b Tail end boiler 16b Evaporator tube 17b Superheater tube 18b Air preheater tube 20b Economizer 22b Hammer 23b Water cooling wall tube 23c Water cooling wall tube 24 Steel tube 24a Steel tube 25 Coating layer 25a Surface layer portion 25b Middle layer portion Water cooling wall tube 28 Water cooling wall tube main body 29 Fin 30 Coating panel 40 Main combustion chamber 42 Secondary combustion chamber 45 Air preheater 45a Preheater main body 50 Air preheater 50a Preheater main body 55 Steel pipe 56 Coating layer 56a Surface layer portion 56b Intermediate layer portion P Heat exchange tube for heat exchange Q Heat exchange tube for heat exchange R Heat exchange tube for heat exchange
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 西尾 浩明 東京都千代田区丸の内一丁目１番２号 日 本鋼管株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 3K023 QA01 QA11 QB03 QC08 QC13 RA01 3K065 AA24 AB01 AC01 BA06 JA05 JA15 JA18 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Hiroaki Nishio 1-2-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo F-term in Nihon Kokan Co., Ltd. (Reference) 3K023 QA01 QA11 QB03 QC08 QC13 RA01 3K065 AA24 AB01 AC01 BA06 JA05 JA15 JA18
Claims (9)
する被加熱流体との間で熱交換させる熱交換用伝熱管を
備えた熱交換器であって、前記熱交換用伝熱管が鋼管と
該鋼管の外面を被覆する被覆層とからなり、該被覆層の
少なくとも表層部がセラミック・金属複合材料により構
成されることを特徴とする熱交換用伝熱管を備えた熱交
換器。1. A heat exchanger comprising a heat exchange tube for heat exchange for bringing the outside into contact with a high-temperature gas and exchanging heat with a fluid to be heated passing through the inside, wherein the heat exchange tube for heat exchange is a steel tube. And a coating layer for coating an outer surface of the steel pipe, wherein at least a surface portion of the coating layer is made of a ceramic-metal composite material.
る被加熱流体との間で熱交換させる熱交換用伝熱管を備
えた熱交換器であって、前記熱交換用伝熱管が鋼管と該
鋼管の内面を被覆する被覆層とからなり、該被覆層の少
なくとも表層部がセラミック・金属複合材料により構成
されることを特徴とする熱交換用伝熱管を備えた熱交換
器。2. A heat exchanger having a heat exchange tube for heat exchange for allowing a high-temperature gas to pass therethrough and exchanging heat with a fluid to be heated flowing outside, wherein the heat exchange tube for heat exchange is a steel tube. A heat exchanger comprising a heat exchanger tube for heat exchange, comprising a coating layer for coating an inner surface of the steel pipe, wherein at least a surface portion of the coating layer is made of a ceramic-metal composite material.
とを特徴とする請求項１に記載の熱交換用伝熱管を備え
た熱交換器。3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is a tail end boiler.
とする請求項１または２に記載の熱交換用伝熱管を備え
た熱交換器。4. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is an air preheater.
せ、内部を通過する被加熱流体との間で熱交換させる熱
交換用伝熱管を備えた水冷壁管であり、該水冷壁管が複
数の鋼管と該鋼管間を接続するフィンからなる水冷壁管
本体と、該水冷壁管本体の高温ガスと接触する側を被覆
する被覆層とからなり、該被覆層が、少なくとも表層部
がセラミック・金属複合材料により構成されたパネルか
らなることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の熱交換用伝熱
管を備えた熱交換器。5. A water-cooled wall tube provided with a heat-exchange heat transfer tube for exchanging heat between a heat-exchanger and a fluid to be heated passing through the heat-exchanger, wherein the heat-exchanger is a water-cooled wall tube. Consists of a plurality of steel pipes and a water-cooled wall pipe body composed of fins connecting between the steel pipes, and a coating layer for coating the side of the water-cooled wall pipe body that comes into contact with the high-temperature gas, wherein the coating layer has at least a surface layer portion. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, comprising a panel made of a ceramic-metal composite material.
化アルミニウム系セラミック・金属複合材料であること
を特徴とする請求項１、２、３、４又は５に記載の熱交
換用伝熱管を備えた熱交換器。6. The heat exchange tube according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic / metal composite material of the coating layer is an aluminum nitride-based ceramic / metal composite material. Heat exchanger.
であることを特徴とする請求項１、２、３、４、５又は
６に記載の熱交換用伝熱管を備えた熱交換器。7. The heat exchanger provided with the heat exchange heat transfer tube according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the coating layer is 3 mm or more and 30 mm or less.
ＡｌＮとＡｌＯＮとＡｌとからなるＡｌＮ系セラミック
・金属複合焼結体からなることを特徴とする請求項１、
２、３、４、５、６又は７に記載の熱交換用伝熱管を備
えた熱交換器。8. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least a surface portion of the coating layer is substantially made of an AlN-based ceramic / metal composite sintered body composed of AlN, AlON and Al.
A heat exchanger provided with the heat exchange tube for heat exchange according to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.
に、ＡｌＮとＡｌＯＮとＡｌとを主体とし、これにＴｉ
Ｏ2、ＺｒＯ2、Ｃｒ2Ｏ3、Ａｌ2Ｏ3、ＳｉＯ2、Ｙ
2Ｏ3、ＣｅＯ2、Ｓｃ2Ｏ3等の酸化物、ＢＮ、ＭｇＢ2、
ＣａＢ6、ＴｉＢ2、ＺｒＢ2、ＡｌＢ2等の硼化物、Ｂ4
Ｃ、ＴｉＣ、ＺｒＣ、Ｃｒ3Ｃ2、Ａｌ4Ｃ3、ＳｉＣ等の
炭化物、ＴｉＮ、ＺｒＮ、Ｃｒ2Ｎ、Ｓｉ3Ｎ4等の窒化
物、Ｓｉ2Ｎ2Ｏ等の酸窒化物等の中から選ばれる１種又
は２種以上を配合した燒結体からなることを特徴とする
請求項１、２、３、４、５、６又は７に記載の熱交換用
伝熱管を備えた熱交換器。9. At least the surface layer of the coating layer is mainly composed of AlN, AlON, and Al, and
O 2 , ZrO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Y
Oxides such as 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , Sc 2 O 3 , BN, MgB 2 ,
Borides such as CaB 6 , TiB 2 , ZrB 2 and AlB 2 , B 4
C, TiC, ZrC, Cr 3 C 2, Al 4 C 3, carbides such as SiC, TiN, ZrN, Cr 2 N , Si 3 N nitrides such 4, oxynitride such as Si 2 N 2 O The heat exchange provided with the heat exchange tube for heat exchange according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, comprising a sintered body in which one or more kinds selected from the group are blended. vessel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002031654A JP2002310594A (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2002-02-08 | Heat exchanger with heat exchanger tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001-33182 | 2001-02-09 | ||
| JP2001033182 | 2001-02-09 | ||
| JP2002031654A JP2002310594A (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2002-02-08 | Heat exchanger with heat exchanger tube |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002310594A true JP2002310594A (en) | 2002-10-23 |
Family
ID=26609174
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002031654A Pending JP2002310594A (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2002-02-08 | Heat exchanger with heat exchanger tube |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2002310594A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1714142A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2006-10-25 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | High temperature and pressure testing facility |
| JP2008249273A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-16 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Heating furnace |
| JP2008298314A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-11 | Takuma Co Ltd | Boiler feed-water control device |
| US7895957B2 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2011-03-01 | Dowa Holdings Co., Ltd. | Heat exchanger tube, method of manufacturing heat exchanger tube, and fluidized-bed furnace |
| KR101598047B1 (en) * | 2015-10-05 | 2016-02-26 | 지이큐솔루션 주식회사 | A tail end boiler with self-lining type header |
| JP2016205793A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2016-12-08 | 環境エナジー株式会社 | Suspension tube type folding flow boiler |
| WO2017003138A1 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-01-05 | (주)경동나비엔 | Solid oxide fuel cell system having coating layer formed thereon |
| CN106524818A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏天刻环境科技有限公司 | Anti-corrosion heat exchange pipe capable of adjusting wall temperature |
-
2002
- 2002-02-08 JP JP2002031654A patent/JP2002310594A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1714142A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2006-10-25 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | High temperature and pressure testing facility |
| EP1714142A4 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2010-12-01 | Florida Turbine Tech Inc | High temperature and pressure testing facility |
| US7895957B2 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2011-03-01 | Dowa Holdings Co., Ltd. | Heat exchanger tube, method of manufacturing heat exchanger tube, and fluidized-bed furnace |
| JP2008249273A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-16 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Heating furnace |
| JP2008298314A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-11 | Takuma Co Ltd | Boiler feed-water control device |
| JP2016205793A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2016-12-08 | 環境エナジー株式会社 | Suspension tube type folding flow boiler |
| WO2017003138A1 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-01-05 | (주)경동나비엔 | Solid oxide fuel cell system having coating layer formed thereon |
| KR101598047B1 (en) * | 2015-10-05 | 2016-02-26 | 지이큐솔루션 주식회사 | A tail end boiler with self-lining type header |
| CN106524818A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏天刻环境科技有限公司 | Anti-corrosion heat exchange pipe capable of adjusting wall temperature |
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