JP2002255547A - Cleaning method for flue gas from factory - Google Patents
Cleaning method for flue gas from factoryInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002255547A JP2002255547A JP2001107805A JP2001107805A JP2002255547A JP 2002255547 A JP2002255547 A JP 2002255547A JP 2001107805 A JP2001107805 A JP 2001107805A JP 2001107805 A JP2001107805 A JP 2001107805A JP 2002255547 A JP2002255547 A JP 2002255547A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- flue gas
- carbon dioxide
- slaked lime
- curing
- factory
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
- C04B7/364—Avoiding environmental pollution during cement-manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
- Y02P40/18—Carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明の属する技術分野は、
工場排煙に含まれる二酸化炭素の浄化処理と、この処理
過程において環境浄化材を製造する技術分野に属する。The technical field to which the present invention pertains is:
It belongs to the technical field of purifying carbon dioxide contained in factory flue gas and producing environmental purification materials in this process.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】工場排煙の浄化処理は、火力発電所の大
掛かりな脱硫装置に見られるが、二酸化炭素の処理は、
大量に副成される炭酸カルシュ−ムの処理に問題があ
り、まだ一般化していない。また消石灰の硬化技術は、
原理的には、古くから伝わる漆喰壁にみられる技術であ
る。2. Description of the Related Art Plant flue gas purifying treatment is found in large-scale desulfurization equipment of thermal power plants, while carbon dioxide treatment is
There is a problem in the treatment of calcium carbonate by-produced in a large amount, and it has not been generalized yet. In addition, slaked lime curing technology
In principle, this technology is found on plaster walls that have been handed down since ancient times.
【0003】[0003]
【本発明が解決しようとしている課題】地球温暖化の原
因である「温室効果ガス」の放出により21世紀末には
気温が最大5.8度上昇すると予測した「気候変動に関
する政府間パネル(JPCC)」の新たな報告書が発表
された。海面の上昇と陸地の水没、農業生産の落ち込み
など、温暖化の影響は市民生活ばかりか健康面にも及ぼ
うとしている。政府・市民を挙げてこれに取り組もうと
している時、将来、企業の二酸化炭素の排出に課税する
「炭素税」などが導入されたり、大口排出企業に「排出
枠」がきめられたりする圧力がかかる時代が目の前に来
ている。本発明の課題は工場排煙に含まれる「温室効果
ガス」のなかで主要な二酸化炭素を除去するための効果
的な技法に開するものである。地球温暖化防止のための
国際会議、京都議定書で規定された森林吸収源の扱いを
めぐる論議のさなか、植林による炭素固定が試験段階に
入っている。中部電力では、オ−ストリアにおいて12
ヘクタ−ルの試験植林で年間に1,000tonの炭素
固定化を計画しているとの新聞報道がある。一方、岐阜
大学の流域環境研究センタ−と経済産業省との共同研究
では、樹齢40年の落葉樹林1ヘクタ−ルで年間2トン
の炭素を貯めているという報告もある。国際会議で認め
ようとしている「炭素排出権」は、植林活動によって得
られた炭素固定分を温室効果ガスの排出権として企業に
与え、それを取引市場で売買することもできるようにす
るという。京都議定書が発行すれば、はやばやと、シド
ニ−先物取引所で排出権が売買されるとも報道してい
る。植物の炭酸同化作用による炭素の固形化は、地球環
境保全に立脚した世界会議の重要議題の一つであるが、
先述の例をみるまでもなく、その研究報告には、1ヘク
タ−ルあたり二酸化炭素の固定化に80tonから2t
onの巾があり、まだ植林効果のほどは定かでない。二
酸化炭素を吸着する最も信頼度が高くて経済的な方法は
消石灰に曝すことである。ただ、大気中に拡散した二酸
化炭素を消石灰粉末で回収することは不可能であり、安
易に排ガスを消石灰混濁液に曝しているのでは、品質の
定かでない炭酸カルシュウムの粉末を大量に産出するこ
とになり、新たな公害を発生することにもなりかねな
い。本発明ではこの点に着目して、大気中に拡散する直
前に、消石灰を主原料とした固形化成型品を、工場排煙
を満たした硬化・養生室空間に送入し、消石灰の石灰石
化を利用して硬度を高め、環境浄化材を製造しようとす
るものである。換言すれば、工場排煙の二酸化炭素を固
形化するとともに、新たな環境浄化材を製造・販売する
ことで得られる利益によって、その排煙浄化にかかる費
用を短期間で償却するとともに、排煙の活用が利益を生
むことによって工場排煙の抑制を尚一層促進しようとす
るものである。[Problems to be solved by the present invention] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (JPCC) predicted that the temperature will rise up to 5.8 degrees at the end of the 21st century due to the release of "greenhouse gases" that cause global warming. A new report was released. The effects of global warming, such as rising sea levels, submerged land, and declining agricultural production, are affecting not only citizens' lives but also health. When governments and citizens are trying to tackle this, there will be pressure in the future to introduce a "carbon tax" that will levy on corporate carbon dioxide emissions, and to establish "emission allowances" for large-emission companies. Such an era is at hand. The object of the present invention is to develop an effective technique for removing the main carbon dioxide in "greenhouse gases" contained in industrial flue gas. In an international conference on the prevention of global warming and the debate over the treatment of forest sinks stipulated in the Kyoto Protocol, carbon fixation by afforestation is under test. In Chubu Electric Power, 12 in Austria
Newspapers report that they plan to fix 1,000 tons of carbon a year in a hectare test plantation. On the other hand, a joint research between the Gifu University Watershed Environmental Research Center and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry has reported that one hectare of deciduous forest of 40 years old stores 2 tons of carbon per year. The "carbon emission allowance", which is being approved at an international conference, will give the company the carbon footprint obtained through tree-planting activities as a greenhouse gas emission allowance, so that it can be bought and sold on trading markets. It also reports that if the Kyoto Protocol is issued, emissions credits will be bought and sold on the Hayashiya and Sidney futures exchanges. Carbon solidification by carbon assimilation of plants is one of the important agendas of the World Conference based on global environmental conservation.
Not to mention the above-mentioned example, the study reports that 80 tons to 2 tons of carbon dioxide are fixed per hectare.
There is a range of on, and the effect of planting is not yet clear. The most reliable and economical way to adsorb carbon dioxide is to expose to slaked lime. However, it is impossible to recover carbon dioxide that has diffused into the atmosphere with slaked lime powder, and simply exposing the exhaust gas to slaked lime turbid liquid would produce a large amount of calcium carbonate powder of unknown quality. And create new pollution. Focusing on this point, the present invention directs a solidified molded product made mainly of slaked lime into a hardening and curing room space filled with factory flue gas, immediately before it is diffused into the atmosphere, and converts the slaked lime into limestone. The aim is to increase the hardness by using the method and produce an environmental purification material. In other words, while solidifying carbon dioxide from factory flue gas and making and selling new environmental purification materials, the cost of purifying the flue gas can be quickly amortized, It is intended to further promote the reduction of factory smoke emissions by making use of the wastewater.
【0004】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明においては、前項
の課題を解決するために次のような手段をとる。 (イ).焼成炉・熔融炉・加熱炉・焼鈍炉あるいは乾燥
炉・ボイラ−等の排煙部と硬化・反応室間にダクトを敷
設して排煙を送入し循環・攪拌させる。 (ロ).消石灰を主要原料として、これに珪酸質原料・
火山灰質土壌・珪藻土・粘土等を加えて混合・粉砕し、
湿式押出し成型・鋳込み成型あるいは乾式加圧成型等に
より所望の環境浄化材に適応する形状に成型して、前記
(イ)項の硬化・養生室内に装入する。 (ハ).装入した半製品の調合原料に含まれる消石灰の
水酸化カルシュ−ムに、工場排煙の二酸化炭素を反応さ
せてこれを吸着させる。 (ニ).また、前項の消石灰の水酸化カルシュ−ムと排
煙の二酸化炭素を反応させて炭酸カルシュ−ムに変性硬
化させて環境浄化材を製造する。 (ホ).消石灰の混濁液の噴霧装置を設けた排煙洗浄室
内に、硬化・養生室内で未消化の排煙を送入して残余の
二酸化炭素を除去する。 (ヘ).消石灰の需要が増加すれば、石灰焼成の際に大
量の二酸化炭素を放出する誘因になる。石灰製造業では
これを炭酸カルシュウムやドライアイスの製造で吸収で
きるが、これらの需要バランスが崩れた場合は工場外に
放出される危険性がある。本発明では、この点を考慮し
て、二酸化炭素不足を石灰石または廃棄貝殻等の石灰質
原料の焼成で補う場合に、生成する二酸化炭素・消石灰
または炭酸カルシュウムをバランスよく処理できる原料
調合システムを導入する。According to the present invention, the following means are employed to solve the above-mentioned problem. (I). A duct is laid between the flue gas section of the baking furnace, melting furnace, heating furnace, annealing furnace, drying furnace, boiler, etc. and the curing / reaction chamber, and the flue gas is sent in and circulated and stirred. (B). Slaked lime is used as the main raw material,
Add volcanic ash soil, diatomaceous earth, clay, etc., mix and crush,
It is molded into a shape suitable for a desired environmental purification material by wet extrusion molding, casting molding, dry pressure molding, or the like, and is charged into the curing / curing room described in the above item (1). (C). Calcium hydroxide from slaked lime contained in the charged raw material of the semi-finished product is reacted with carbon dioxide from factory flue gas and adsorbed. (D). Further, the calcium hydroxide of slaked lime and the carbon dioxide of flue gas are reacted with each other to modify and harden the calcium carbonate to produce an environmental purification material. (E). Undigested smoke in the curing / curing room is sent into the smoke-cleaning room equipped with a device for spraying slaked lime turbid liquid to remove residual carbon dioxide. (F). Increasing demand for slaked lime will trigger the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide during lime burning. In the lime manufacturing industry, this can be absorbed by the production of calcium carbonate and dry ice, but if these demands are unbalanced, there is a risk that they will be released outside the factory. In the present invention, in consideration of this point, when a carbon dioxide deficiency is compensated for by calcining calcareous raw materials such as limestone or discarded shells, a raw material mixing system capable of processing the generated carbon dioxide, slaked lime or calcium carbonate in a balanced manner is introduced. .
【0005】[0005]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を建築
用床タイル工場の排煙処理と環境浄化材の製造(図
1)、廃棄貝殻を活用する水質浄化材の製造(図2)、
石灰製造業の石灰焼成炉の余剰排気ガス、ならびにその
他の燃焼ガスを活用する環境浄化舗石材の製造(図3お
よび図4)について述べる。尚、床タイル工場は世界的
に遊休設備を持っているので、この設備・機械装置の活
用をはかることで、工場排煙の浄化処理にかかる費用を
最少化する。また、本実施例では排煙に含まれる二酸化
炭素量が不充分であるので、石灰石焼成炉を併設して工
場内に生成する副成品や廃棄セラミックスを再利用する
実施の形態を付記する。廃棄貝殼は養殖場に大量に放置
されており、この活用による処理は悪臭公害の排除と、
製造した水質浄化材により養殖場の海底浄化に役立て
る。石灰製造は生石灰・消石灰および二酸化炭素関連商
品を大量に製造しているが、この三種の需給バランス、
特に固化・液化二酸化炭素の需要が落ち、生石灰の需要
が伸びると、二酸化炭素を多量に含む焼成ガスの処置に
課題が残る。これを活用して空気中の炭素固定のための
温室効果ガス固定用舗石材の製造と、おなじく、その他
の燃焼ガスを活用する舗石材の簡易製造技法ついて述べ
る。 (1).建築用床タイル工場の排煙処理と環境浄化材の
製造;(図1)。 (イ).原料調合と粉砕・乾燥・造粒工程。 i).本実施例においては、遊休の油圧プレスによる乾
式加圧成型をとるので、古来の漆喰壁に代替する外装タ
イル、あるいは最近注目されている活性炭と同様な吸着
・調湿効果をもつ内装タイルを環境浄化材として製造す
る。 ii).漆喰壁材に類似した調合原料、即ち、主原料と
して消石に珪酸質原料・火山灰質土壌・珪藻土・粘土等
に、必要に応じて強度補強材、副成の炭酸カルシュ−ム
等(表2)を混合しボ−ルミルに投入して湿式粉砕し、
スプレ−ドライヤによって乾燥して顆粒粉末を得る。
尚、外装タイルを製造する場合は消石灰を主要原料と
し、内装タイルを製造する場合は、珪藻土・火山灰質土
壌等を主要原料として、成型に必要な最低分量の粘土を
加える。 iii).ボ−ルミル、泥しょうタンク、スプレ−ドラ
イヤ等の原料粉砕・貯蔵・搬送設備は、これを従来の主
体製品と遮断して混入をさける。 (ロ).油圧成型工程。 従来の製造方法により遊休プレスを活用して板状のタイ
ルを成型する。施釉装置はこれを必要としない。 (ハ).硬化工程 i).二酸化炭素の削減を重視し、かつ、充分な硬度を
必要とする製品を求める場合は、パレットまたは台車に
載せかえた半製品を硬化・養生室に装入する。 ii).表面硬化のみを目的とする製品を求める場合
は、まず、半製品をラインに付属する無点火のドライヤ
に工場排煙を自動的に送入して硬化・反応させたのち、
同じく工場排煙を送入した無点火のロ−ラ−ハ−スキル
ンに誘導して硬化・養生させる。 iii).硬化・養生時間は、以下、いずれの実施例に
おいても、原料調合、製品の総重量・表面積、厚さ・形
状、環境浄化材の用途とその求める表面硬化の厚さ等の
条件に合わせて決定する。 (ニ).未反応排煙の浄化処理。 消石灰の混濁液を密閉室内の天井に設けた噴霧装置から
排煙浄化室内に噴霧して、バ−ティカルドライヤやロ−
ラ−ハ−スキルン内ならびに硬化・養生室内において、
製造操作の都合により消石灰に吸着されない未反応排煙
をこのなかに吹き込んで残余の二酸化炭素等を吸着す
る。この様にして生成した炭酸カルシュ−ムは乾燥重量
に換算して湿式調合により所定の23.5%(註;7)
をボ−ルミルに直接注入する。工場排煙の完全浄化を期
する場合は、調合に占める炭酸カルシュ−ムが増加して
製品強度が低下するので白セメント添加してこれに備え
る。 (ホ).石灰焼成炉の併設。 床タイル製造ラインを活用する場合、ドライヤとロ−ラ
−ハ−スキルンを硬化・養生装置として活用するが、タ
イルの生産量が大きいので、工場排煙が供給する二酸化
炭素量は、その必要量の44%.1(註;11)に留ま
り絶対量が不足する。差程に硬度を必要としないタイル
の場合は簡単に表面処理をすることで足りるが、硬度を
増すためには別途に二酸化炭素を製造して工場排煙に追
加する必要がある。ただし、石灰石を焼成して新たな二
酸化炭素を放出することを避けるために、本発明におい
ては、生成した生石灰から原料用消石灰を製造して、残
った二酸化炭素と化合させて炭酸カルシュ−ムとし、残
余の消石灰とともに環境浄化材原料として還元活用す
る。 (2).廃棄貝殻を活用する水質浄化材の製法と貝殻焼
成排煙の浄化(図2)。廃棄貝殻を焼成炉において焼成
して生石灰を製造し、これに水を加えて消石灰を得る。
また発生する二酸化炭素は後述の効果・養生用ロ−タ−
に送入して半製品の硬化に活用して浄化する。 (イ).調合・混練粗砕・土練り押出成型・切断工程。 廃棄貝殻を焼成・水漬いて得た消石灰と粘土・珪藻土、
回収した炭酸カルシュ−ム等(表3)を調合した原料
を、フレットミル・ロ−ルクラッシャ−・パグミル等に
より粉砕混練して、3mmの小孔を多数設けたノズルを
もつ土練機によって押出して3cmごとに切断する。こ
れに少量の海砂をまぶして相互の粘着団子化を防ぎ硬化
工程に送る(図2)。 (ロ).硬化工程。 傾斜角をもつ円筒にして長形の変速ロ−タ−を回転さ
せ、上方から前項の生製品を、下方から後述の廃棄貝殻
焼成による二酸化炭素と焼成排煙を吹き込んで反応硬化
させる。 (ハ).未反応排煙の浄化処理。 (1)項の(ニ)に準じて未反応排煙の浄化処理を行
う。 (ニ).石灰焼成炉の併設。 前(1)項の(ホ)に準じて石灰焼成炉により廃棄貝殻
を焼成して、硬化に必要な二酸化炭素と原料用消石灰を
補充する。また、洗浄室で余剰の二酸化炭素を浄化す
る。 (3).石灰焼成余剰拝ガスの浄化と舗石材の製造。 石灰焼成によって製造する生石灰・消石灰ならびに二酸
化炭素の需要アンバランスが生じて二酸化炭素が余る場
合これを大気中に放出しないで環境浄化材として温室効
果ガス吸着用の厚手の舗石材を製造する。 (イ).調合・混練粗砕・土練り押出成型・切断工程。 消石灰と粘土・珪藻土、回収した炭酸カルシュ−ム等
(表4)を調合した原料を、フレットミル・ロ−ルクラ
ッシャ−・パグミル等により粉砕混練して、11×5c
m口径のノズルをもつ土練機によって押出して成型・切
断してパレットに載せ硬化養生室に装入する。フリクシ
ョンプレスによる加圧成型を行う場合は、すべて粉末原
料を調達してフレットパンミル・パグミル等により混合
・加水して使用する(図3)。 (ロ).硬化工程。 硬化養生室には、廃棄貝殼焼成炉から焼成排煙を送入
し、この中で原料に含まれる消石灰を硬化させる。余剰
の排煙処理を目的とする一連の工程であるから排煙の浄
化処理が終われば硬化・養生操作を終了する。 (ハ).炭酸カルシュ−ムの代替。 原料調合に含まれる炭酸カルシュ−ムが不足する時は石
灰石粉末をもってこれに替える。 (4).その他の燃焼排ガスの浄化と舗石材の製造。 最後に、焼成炉・加熱炉・熔融炉・焼鈍炉のように大量
な工場排煙を放出しないが無数にある乾燥機・ボイラ−
等の排煙浄化が残る。これらの工場は原料粉砕設備や成
型装置を持っていないので、粉砕あるいは篩分け粉末原
料を使用して、真空土練機あるいはフリクションプレス
で成型する簡便な技法を採用する。未経験の企業がこの
設備装置で製造する最適な製品は煉瓦タイプの形状であ
る。本発明における実施例では月間消費量6.7ton
(註;16)のLPGを燃焼する乾燥炉あるいはボイラ
−の排ガスを、真空土練機1台の稼動で632tonの
製品の硬化によってこれを浄化することができる。 (イ).調合・混合・成型工程。 粉末あるいは篩分け原料を調合(表4)し、混合・加水
し、真空土練機に投入して煉瓦状の成型品(図4)を得
る。 (ロ).硬化工程。 これを乾燥炉またはボイラ−の燃焼排ガスを導入した硬
化・養生室に送入して表面のみ2.5mm硬化させる。
これを車輌進入禁止の遊歩道・サイクリングロ−ド・公
園広場等の、水打ちして押し固めた砂の上に目地無し施
工する。こうする事によって大気中の二酸化炭素を自然
吸着させるとともにそれ自体を硬化させる。本製品の本
来の目的が温室効果ガスの吸着にあるので総容積の84
%〔表1、註;21〕を未硬化のまま出荷する。素材内
部が自然硬化するまでの硬度を白セメントで補う。尚、
本項の乾燥機・ボイラ−等の排煙浄化にみに目的が限定
されるのではなく、工場排煙は排出していないが環境浄
化材の製造を望むとき、燃焼炉を設けて二酸化炭素を製
造することで成型品を硬化させる場合にも適用される。
この場合、燃焼ガスの二酸化炭素は有効に活用されて工
場排煙の放出は起こらない。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the construction of a floor tile factory for smoke emission and the production of an environmental purification material (FIG. 1), and the production of a water purification material utilizing waste shells (FIG. 2). ,
Production of environmentally purified paving stones utilizing surplus exhaust gas from a lime burning furnace in the lime manufacturing industry and other combustion gases (FIGS. 3 and 4) will be described. Since floor tile factories have idle facilities worldwide, the utilization of these facilities and machinery will minimize the cost of factory flue gas purification. In addition, in this embodiment, since the amount of carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas is insufficient, an embodiment in which a limestone firing furnace is provided and the by-products and waste ceramics generated in the factory are reused will be additionally described. A large amount of discarded shells are left in the farm, and the use of this waste will eliminate odor pollution,
The produced water purification material will be used to purify the sea floor of the farm. Lime manufactures large quantities of quicklime, slaked lime, and carbon dioxide-related products.
In particular, when the demand for solidified / liquefied carbon dioxide falls and the demand for quick lime increases, there remains a problem in the treatment of calcined gas containing a large amount of carbon dioxide. This paper describes the production of paving stones for greenhouse gas fixation for carbon fixation in the air using this technology, and the same simple techniques for the production of paving stones utilizing other combustion gases. (1). Smoke emission treatment of floor tile factory for building and production of environmental purification materials; (Fig. 1). (I). Raw material preparation and crushing / drying / granulation processes. i). In the present embodiment, since dry pressing is performed using an idle hydraulic press, an exterior tile that replaces an old plaster wall, or an interior tile that has the same adsorption and humidity control effect as activated carbon that has recently attracted attention is used as an environmental tile. Manufactured as a purification material. ii). Mixing raw materials similar to stucco wall material, ie, sludge as siliceous raw materials, volcanic ash soil, diatomaceous earth, clay, etc. as main raw materials, strength reinforcing materials as needed, calcium carbonate as a by-product (Table 2) ) Is mixed and thrown into a ball mill and wet pulverized.
It is dried by a spray dryer to obtain a granular powder.
When manufacturing exterior tiles, slaked lime is used as a main raw material, and when manufacturing interior tiles, diatomaceous earth and volcanic ash soil are used as main raw materials, and a minimum amount of clay required for molding is added. iii). Raw material crushing, storage and transport equipment such as ball mills, slurry tanks, spray dryers and the like are cut off from the conventional main products to avoid mixing. (B). Hydraulic molding process. A plate-shaped tile is formed using an idle press by a conventional manufacturing method. Glazing equipment does not require this. (C). Curing step i). If a product that emphasizes the reduction of carbon dioxide and requires a sufficient hardness is required, the semi-finished product placed on a pallet or a trolley is loaded into the curing / curing room. ii). If you want a product that is only for surface hardening, first send the factory smoke to a non-ignited dryer attached to the line to cure and react the semi-finished product.
Similarly, the exhaust gas from the factory is guided to a non-ignited roller hearth kiln to cure and cure. iii). The curing / curing time is determined according to the following conditions in each example, such as the raw material preparation, the total weight / surface area of the product, the thickness / shape, the use of the environmental purification material and the required thickness of the surface hardening. I do. (D). Purification of unreacted flue gas. Spray liquor of slaked lime is sprayed into the flue gas purifying room from the spraying device installed on the ceiling of the closed room, and the vertical dryer and roaster are used.
In the Rahr-Schooln and in the curing / curing room,
Unreacted flue gas that is not adsorbed by slaked lime due to the production operation is blown into the gas to adsorb residual carbon dioxide and the like. The calcium carbonate thus formed is converted to a dry weight by a wet blending method at a predetermined 23.5% (Note; 7).
Is injected directly into the ball mill. When complete purification of factory flue gas is expected, the amount of carbonate carbonate in the mixture increases and the product strength decreases, so white cement is added to prepare for this. (E). A lime firing furnace is installed. When a floor tile production line is used, dryers and roller hearth kilns are used as curing and curing devices. However, due to the large production of tiles, the amount of carbon dioxide supplied by factory flue gas is the required amount. 44%. 1 (Note; 11), the absolute amount is insufficient. In the case of tiles that do not require as much hardness, simply treating the surface is sufficient, but in order to increase the hardness, it is necessary to separately produce carbon dioxide and add it to factory flue gas. However, in order to avoid burning calcined limestone and releasing new carbon dioxide, in the present invention, slaked lime for a raw material is produced from the produced quicklime, and is combined with the remaining carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate. , And the remaining slaked lime is used as a raw material for environmental purification. (2). Manufacturing method of water purification material using waste shells and purification of shell fired smoke (Fig. 2). The waste shells are fired in a firing furnace to produce quicklime, and water is added thereto to obtain slaked lime.
The generated carbon dioxide is used for the effects and curing rotors described below.
And purify it for curing of semi-finished products. (I). Mixing, kneading, crushing, clay kneading, extrusion and cutting processes. Slaked lime and clay / diatomaceous earth obtained by baking and soaking waste shells,
The raw material prepared from the recovered calcium carbonate and the like (Table 3) is pulverized and kneaded by a fret mill, roll crusher, pug mill, or the like, and extruded by a kneading machine having a nozzle having a large number of small holes of 3 mm. And cut every 3 cm. This is sprinkled with a small amount of sea sand to prevent mutual sticking and forming, and is sent to a curing step (FIG. 2). (B). Curing process. The elongate variable speed rotor is turned into a cylinder having an inclined angle, and the raw product described in the preceding paragraph is reacted and hardened by blowing carbon dioxide and burnt exhaust gas from below on the raw product from below. (C). Purification of unreacted flue gas. Purify unreacted flue gas according to (d) of (1). (D). A lime firing furnace is installed. The waste shells are fired in a lime firing furnace according to (e) of (1) to replenish carbon dioxide and slaked lime for raw materials necessary for hardening. In addition, excess carbon dioxide is purified in the cleaning room. (3). Purification of surplus gas from lime burning and production of paving stones. When the demand imbalance of calcined lime and slaked lime produced by lime burning and carbon dioxide is generated and carbon dioxide is excessive, a heavy paving stone for greenhouse gas adsorption is produced as an environmental purification material without releasing it to the atmosphere. (I). Mixing, kneading, crushing, clay kneading, extrusion and cutting processes. A raw material prepared by mixing slaked lime, clay, diatomaceous earth, and recovered calcium carbonate (Table 4) is pulverized and kneaded by a fret mill, a roll crusher, a pag mill or the like, and then 11 × 5c.
It is extruded by a kneading machine having a m-diameter nozzle, molded and cut, placed on a pallet, and charged into a hardening curing room. In the case of performing pressure molding by a friction press, all the powder raw materials are procured, and they are mixed and hydrated by a fret pan mill, a pag mill or the like before use (FIG. 3). (B). Curing process. The smelting smoke from the waste shell sintering furnace is fed into the hardening curing room, in which slaked lime contained in the raw material is hardened. Since the process is a series of processes for the purpose of surplus flue gas treatment, the curing and curing operations are terminated when the flue gas purification process is completed. (C). Alternative to calcium carbonate. When calcium carbonate contained in the raw material preparation is insufficient, limestone powder is used instead. (4). Purification of other combustion exhaust gas and production of paving stones. Finally, there are countless dryers and boilers that do not emit a large amount of factory flue gas, such as firing furnaces, heating furnaces, melting furnaces, and annealing furnaces.
Smoke exhaust purification remains. Since these factories do not have raw material crushing equipment or molding equipment, a simple technique of molding using a pulverized or sieved powder raw material with a vacuum kneader or a friction press is adopted. The best product that an inexperienced company produces with this equipment is a brick type shape. In the embodiment of the present invention, the monthly consumption is 6.7 ton.
(Note; 16) Exhaust gas from a drying furnace or boiler for burning LPG can be purified by curing a 632 ton product by operating one vacuum kneader. (I). Mixing, mixing and molding process. Powders or sieving raw materials are prepared (Table 4), mixed and watered, and put into a vacuum kneader to obtain a brick-shaped molded product (FIG. 4). (B). Curing process. This is fed into a curing / curing room into which a combustion exhaust gas from a drying furnace or a boiler is introduced, and only the surface is cured by 2.5 mm.
This will be seamlessly constructed on the water-filled and compacted sand, such as on promenades, cycling roads, and park squares where no vehicles can enter. By doing so, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is naturally adsorbed, and at the same time, the carbon dioxide itself is cured. Because the original purpose of this product is to absorb greenhouse gases,
% [Table 1, note; 21] is shipped uncured. The hardness until the inside of the material hardens naturally is supplemented with white cement. still,
The purpose is not limited to purifying flue gas from dryers and boilers, etc. in this section. It is also applied to the case where a molded product is cured by manufacturing the same.
In this case, the carbon dioxide of the combustion gas is effectively used, and no emission of factory flue gas occurs.
【0006】[0006]
【発明の効果】(イ).本発明の目的は工場排煙に含ま
れる主要成分の二酸化炭素等の削減にあるが、地球温暖
化という間接的な公害の防止対策を世界の企業に強制す
ることは容易なことではない。本発明の効果は、これも
同時進行で深刻化している環境汚染という、直接市民生
活に被害を及ぼしかねない水質汚濁、屋外・室内空気汚
染等を浄化するための環境浄化材を製造する新事業目標
を提供して、企業の二酸化炭素削減を導入し易くし、マ
−ケットの要望に合わせた多様かつ安価な環境浄化用新
素材が提供されることで環境浄化材市場が育ち、企業の
工場排煙浄化が一層促進できる効果が期待できる。 (ロ).本発明にかかる硬化技術は、セメントコンクリ
−トの様に焼成することなく素材を硬化させる製造技術
に属するものである。一般にコンクリ−ト製品は珪石・
粘土などの珪酸質原料に、石灰石・高炉スラグ等の石灰
質原料を粉砕・混合・焼成して焼塊としこれを粉砕した
ポルトランドセメント等を硬化剤として砂及び砂利に混
合し、型枠または流込型に注入して、これを戸外に放
置、または養生室内で水蒸気に曝して硬化させている。
これに対して、本発明においては、珪酸質原料・火山灰
質土壌・珪藻土壌・粘土等に、適量の消石灰を混合し、
これを粉砕した杯土を湿式押出成型あるいは乾式加圧成
型または鋳込成型をして、所望の形状にしたのち、二酸
化炭素を豊富に含む工場排煙中に曝して硬化させるもの
である。即ち、消石灰を空気中に曝して、空気中に僅か
に含まれる炭酸ガスに接触させることで、漆喰壁に含ま
れる消石灰を石灰石化させる古来の手法を、工場排煙に
曝して低コストで人工的に硬化させる手法であるから、
高度な技術や高額な投資を必要としない。発展途上国や
後開発国にみられる野焼き煉瓦の窯を二重構造にして、
天井に小孔を設けた下層部で赤煉瓦を焼成、上層部で当
該煉瓦を硬化させることも可能であるから、環境浄化材
の市場さえあれば、国の貧富を問わずに二酸化炭素の固
定化に協力できる効果がある。 (ハ).〔発明の実施の形態〕で具体的に実施例として
あげた床タイルの製造設備は、世界的に操業度が長期に
亘って低迷して、多くの遊休設備を抱えて苦慮している
のが現状である。我が国においては、中小企業庁編「中
小企業の原価指標」のデ−タを解析すると、製造業の健
全企業において1985年/1993年対比売上高30
%減少が126業種中24業種、1993年/1998
年対比のデ−タで売上高30%減少が118業種中24
業種もあり、多数の企業において遊休設備を保有してい
ることが窺がえる。上記のデ−タは健全企業であり、他
社製品仕入・買入部品・外注の増、あるいは従業員の削
減で健全経営を維持しているが、他の品種に転換する
等、操業度を向上させる努力をしているに違いないが、
それでも売上高減少をカバ−することができないほど設
備過剰状態にある。このデ−タに含まれていない、全業
種中44%を占める欠損企業のそれを加えると、過剰な
遊休設備が放置されていることになる。こうした企業環
境のもとで本発明を活用すれば、その施設装備や技術特
性を活かしてこの開発に参入することで、工場排煙の排
出が抑制されるとともに、多様にして高品質かつ安価な
浄化素材が提供されるようになり、必然的に、大型の環
境浄化材市場の形成に刺激を与えてゆく効果が期待でき
るようになるであろう。 (ニ).工場排煙を大量に排出する業種には窯業・鋳鉄
工業・非鉄金属工業・鋳鍛造工業等があり、業種によっ
ては大型のボイラ−を稼動させている他の業種もある。
本発明の効果が最も顕著に発揮できる業種は、多様な形
状の製品が成型できる設備と技術をもっている窯業であ
ろう。大企業のセメント・板ガラスを含めて、タイル・
煉瓦・粘土瓦等の建材製品、飲食器・ガラス器・琺瑯鉄
器・砥石等の製造にかかる中小企業も、押しなべて大量
の燃料を消費している。先述の、「中小企業の原価指
標」のデ−タを見てもこれらの業種は、不況に際して売
上高が落込む代表的な業種群であるから遊休設備の活用
を図る効果は大きい。そのなかには既に環境浄化材を製
造している意欲的な企業もある。しかしながら、保有す
る焼成炉によってこれを製造していれば二酸化炭素の削
減には繋がらない。また製造原価の低減効果も定かでな
い。ここのところが既存の環境浄化材製造技法と燃焼行
程を省き副成原料を還元(表2、註;8)する、本発明
の技法の根本的な差である。また、石灰製造業のように
消石灰そのものを大量に製造している業種もある。「中
小企業の原価指標」のデ−タを解析すると、石灰製造業
の健全企業において1985年/1993年対比売上高
減少が12%、1993年対比1998年のデ−タで対
比売上高減少が25%であり、これらの企業においても
遊休設備を保有していると思われる。炭酸カルシュ−ム
やドライアイスを製造する場合は、石灰焼成ガスは回収
されるが、需給のアンバランスが起きれば二酸化炭素が
放出されることも考えられる。この石灰焼成ガスは二酸
化炭素そのものも主要製品として製造しているから、こ
れを温室効果ガス固定用補石材の製造(図3)によって
炭素の固定(註;14)ができる効果は極めて大きいと
言える。この業種においては本発明の主原料である消石
灰そのものを自給できるから、運送費用がかからないこ
とと、豊富に所有する石灰石と余剰の石灰焼成ガスを活
用することで低コストの環境浄化材を製造できる可能性
がある。水質環境浄化材の場合は球形が望ましいので、
セメント製造業であれば、遊休ロ−タリ−キルンを活用
して球状の製品を硬化することができ、棒状やリング型
の押出し成型とは比較にならない成型・焼成コストの低
減を計ることができよう。飲食器製造業の場合は、多様
な形状の製品を製造できるので、壷・深鉢等の形状によ
って室内用花器・容器等を製造すれば、壁材や床材のよ
うな吸着・調湿効果は量的に余り期待できないが、燃料
を消費しない分、コスト削減効果が期待できるのでガ−
デニング用植木鉢などの製造には最適であろう。湿式土
練機を保有する煉瓦・瓦・土管製造業であれば、厚手の
外装タイル・建築用ブロックや煉瓦等の重量物を、大量
の燃料を消費して製造しているが、本発明によれば乾燥
や焼成が不必要だから安価に製造することも可能であ
る。先述の、12ヘクタ−ルの植林事業で年間1,00
0tonの二酸化炭素を固定化するための本発明品の代
替重量は、理論計算上では、1,680tonの消石灰
で二酸化炭素を吸着できるので、これを消石灰50%調
合で、表面硬化率10%の製品を出荷して、屋外に施工
すれば僅かに1,492tonの環境浄化材でこと足り
ることになる。重量物を大量に取扱う煉瓦業界なら、こ
の数値は月産能力の何分の一、いや、何十分の一にも値
しないであろう。実施例における床タイルの、僅か1製
造ラインの二酸化炭素固定量は原料中の消石灰の硬化反
応分(表2、註;11)、床タイルの焼成排煙(註;1
2)、および石灰焼成炉の排煙(註;13)の二酸化炭
素固定分は月間合計633tonである。これを先述の
植林に当て嵌めれば、月間7.1ヘクタ−ル、年間にし
て実に85.4ヘクタ−ルの植林と同等の効果を齎すこ
とになる。落葉樹林のデ−タの方が正しければ1ヘクタ
−ルの炭素固定量が年間2tonで換算すると実に29
6ヘクタ−ルの森林に相当することになる。植物と消石
灰の二酸化炭素吸着作用効率の差が問題であるが、日光
にあたって炭酸同化作用をおこなう植物と違って24時
間作用するから効率も低くない筈であるし、秋季から芽
吹きまでの数ヶ月間落葉する森林と比較して年間フル稼
働する床タイルの固定効率は安定したものであると云わ
ざるを得ない。ましてや、本発明の環境浄化材を厚手の
表面効果を5mmにした煉瓦を歩道や公園広場当の屋外
に施行すれば、月産1,751tonの煉瓦が吸収固定
する二酸化炭素は633ton(表1、註;12,1
3,14の合計)に及びプラスアルハとしての効果が期
待できる。一度だけの作用であるが、これは植林開拓の
7.6ヘクタ−ル、落葉樹林の316ヘクタ−ルに相当
する。企業にかかる「温室効果ガス抑制」の圧力は先進
欧州諸国の例をみても今後厳しくなることが予想され
る。「排出権」のあとに浮上してくるのが既に北欧とイ
タリヤに導入されている「炭素税」であると報道されて
いる。炭素税導入の見返資金等が環境浄化材の購入者に
優遇措置として補助されるような政策がとられないとも
限らない。あるいは「排出権」が工場排煙を削減したす
べての企業に与えられる時代が来るかもしれない。そう
なれば市場は瞬く間に形成されて、中小企業が圧倒的に
多い窯業界の新事業として、環境浄化材に活路を見出す
ことができるであろう。以上の様に、本発明の工場排煙
を浄化する着眼から、放出する二酸化炭素の削減がはか
られ、低コストの環境浄化材が生まれ、また、既存の遊
休設備の稼動が可能になり、環境浄化材市場に種々のア
イディア製品が生まれてくる等の多様な効果が期待でき
る。 (ホ).本発明の効果は工場排煙を大量に放出する製造
業に留まらない。真珠・牡蠣・帆立貝等の廃棄貝殻によ
る海辺の公害が問題化してきている。この廃棄貝殼を焼
成炉において焼却して、生成された消石灰と海辺に発見
しやすい海洋性微生物推積岩・粘性火山灰土壌・頁岩等
を使用し、本発明の技法を活用すれば海辺の寒村におい
ても、安価な環境浄化材を製造する新事業を立ち上げる
ことができるようになる。既に記述した様に、乾燥や焼
成することなく成型し硬化することができるので経済的
な水質改善材を地元で製造できる。これを貝殼廃棄場底
面に敷詰め、あるいは貝殻に混ぜて貯蔵すれば、珪藻土
や火山灰質土壌あるいは頁岩の微細な小孔によって、発
生する有機性汚臭成分を吸着し、貯蔵ヤ−ドの環境改善
に役立であろう。また、養殖場の海底にこれを敷きつめ
て、その有機系汚濁物質や化学物質を吸着させれば、広
範囲と云えども有限に過ぎない養殖エリアの水質改善は
実現不可能な夢ではないと思われる。 (ヘ).〔発明の実施の形態〕の(ニ)項で記述した、
石灰焼成炉の併設効果は顕著なものがある。この効果を
理論値で示すと表1と表2ならびに表3に示したように
なる。 i.月産1,751tonを製造する床タイル製造工場
におけるそれと同量の環境浄化材の製造実施例では、厚
さ6mmの製品を4.7mm硬化させるために工場排煙
をフルに作用させても、理論の計算のうえでは製造する
タイルの14.7%(註1)が処理できるのみである。
このため本発明では工場内に石灰焼成炉を設けて二酸化
炭素を補充するシステムを追加した。 ii.これを補完する二酸化炭素量は重量換算で228
ton(註;2)になり、ドライアイスや炭酸ガスボン
ベに依存することは経済的に成り立たない。 iii.石灰焼成炉によってこの二酸化炭素を製造する
のに必要とする石灰石は518ton(註3)である・ iv.この焼成によって副成する生石灰290ton
(註;4)から、原料用の消石灰383ton(註;
5)を製造し、一部余剰の二酸化炭素204ton
(註;6)を消石灰に吸着させて炭酸カルシュ−ムを製
造し、場外に放出する二酸化炭素を計算上ゼロにもって
ゆく。尚、この炭酸カルシュ−ム412ton(註7)
は成型半製品の原料とて製品に全量還元する。 v.以上の手段を講ずることにより、二酸化炭素を全量
回収し、焼成した石灰石から得られた消石灰と炭酸カル
シュ−ムを原料に還元することで、工場排煙の浄化のみ
ならず原料コストを削減することができる。因みに本発
明の総原料費に占めるこれらの循環還元される内製原料
と廃棄セラミックスの割合は必要原料の67.0%(註
8)に及ぶ。 vi.実施例にあげた床タイルの遊休ラインを活用する
場合、最少の設備投資で、乾燥用・焼成用燃料を消費し
ないでタイルを製造することができる。将来成長が望ま
れる環境浄化材を製造することで高付加価値製品を開発
するチャンスにも恵まれよう。また、工場排煙の二酸化
炭素をゼロにもってゆこうとする経営姿勢は、「温室効
果ガスの抑制」というグロ−バルな課題に応える企業の
経営者として、絶大な評価を受けるという金銭に換えら
れない効果を生むことも期待できよう。 (ト).乾燥機・ボイラ−等は、他の工業用炉のように
大量な向上排煙を放出しないがその総放出量は無視でき
ないものがあろう。この環境浄化材には、どのような工
場にも導入しやすい、設備費用もかからない単純な製造
方法でできる遊歩道・公園広場等に用いる舗石材を採用
する。本発明は土練機1台で並煉瓦サイズの舗石材で月
間237,600個、5,795m2、632ton
(表1、註;17〜19)を成型することができ、また
理論計算上では、工場内で60.3ton(註;20)
の排煙と、大気中の二酸化化炭素315.7ton
(註;14)を固定するなど、植林の推進や森林保護以
上の温室効果ガス抑制効果が生まれる。また、この様な
素材を遊歩道や広場に使用すれば、一時代前の農家に見
られたタタキ土間と同質の、靴底に吸いつくような肌触
りがあって滑らず、幼児や高齢者が転倒しても、手足に
優しくて掠り傷を負うことがないから、従來のタイルや
・コンクリ−トあるいは石材製品に望めなかった、有機
質素材のような素材効果をもつ舗石材として社会に受け
入れられるものと信じて止まない。また、この舗石材の
本来の目的である温室効果ガス抑制のためには大規模な
使用が望ましいが、前出の製品以上に原料費が安価で乾
燥・焼成コストがかからないので、従来の舗石材より低
価格の舗石材を提供できる一方、工場排煙を抑制するこ
とで企業が利益を挙げられる可能性を秘めており、市場
さえ出来れば大量な供給が可能であろう。幸いにして石
灰質原料は地球上において珪酸質原料に次ぐ埋蔵量が有
り、どこの国や地方でも極めて安価に手に入る特徴を持
っている。国の内外を問わず多くの企業が「環境」を課
題にして新事業の開拓を競っている今日である。本発明
の、工場排煙やその他の燃焼ガスを有効に活用する環境
浄化材や水質浄化材あるいは舗石材等に限らず、もし多
様な企業がこれに参画すれば、石灰質原料を活用する多
彩な環境浄化関連製品が開発されてくるものと確信す
る。Advantages of the invention (a). An object of the present invention is to reduce carbon dioxide and the like, which is a main component contained in factory flue gas. However, it is not easy to force global companies to take measures to prevent indirect pollution such as global warming. The effect of the present invention is a new business of manufacturing environmental purification materials for purifying water pollution, outdoor / indoor air pollution, etc., which can directly affect citizens' lives, such as environmental pollution, which is also becoming increasingly serious. By providing goals, making it easier for companies to introduce carbon dioxide reduction, and providing diverse and inexpensive new materials for environmental purification that meet the needs of the market, the environmental purification material market has grown, The effect of further promoting flue gas purification can be expected. (B). The curing technique according to the present invention belongs to a production technique for curing a material without firing like cement concrete. In general, concrete products are
Pulverize, mix and fire calcareous raw materials such as limestone and blast furnace slag to siliceous raw materials such as clay, mix them into sand and gravel as a hardening agent using the ground Portland cement, etc. The resin is poured into a mold and is left outdoors or cured by exposing it to water vapor in a curing room.
On the other hand, in the present invention, an appropriate amount of slaked lime is mixed with a siliceous raw material, volcanic ash soil, diatom soil, clay, and the like,
The pulverized clay is subjected to wet extrusion molding, dry pressure molding or cast molding to obtain a desired shape, and then is cured by exposing it to factory flue gas rich in carbon dioxide. In other words, by exposing slaked lime to the air and bringing it into contact with the carbon dioxide gas slightly contained in the air, the old method of turning slaked lime contained in the plaster walls into limestone is exposed to factory smoke and artificially manufactured at low cost. Because it is a method of hardening
Does not require advanced technology or expensive investment. The open burning brick kiln found in developing and post-development countries has a double structure,
It is also possible to bake red bricks in the lower part with a small hole in the ceiling and harden the brick in the upper part, so if there is a market for environmental purification materials, fix carbon dioxide regardless of the country's rich and poor. There is an effect that can cooperate with the conversion. (C). The floor tile manufacturing equipment specifically mentioned as an example in [Embodiment of the invention] has been suffering from a long-lasting sluggish operation worldwide and many idle facilities. It is the current situation. In Japan, analysis of the data of the “Small and Medium Enterprises Cost Index” edited by the Small and Medium Enterprise Agency shows that healthy manufacturing companies have sales of 30% compared to 1985/1993.
% Decrease in 24 out of 126 industries, 1993/1998
24% out of 118 industries saw a 30% decrease in sales compared to year
There are industries, and it can be seen that many companies have idle facilities. The above data is a sound company, and while maintaining sound management by increasing the purchase, purchase of parts, and outsourcing of other companies' products, or by reducing the number of employees, it is necessary to reduce the number of employees by increasing the operation rate. I must be trying to improve it,
Still, there is too much equipment to cover the decline in sales. If this data is added to those of the deficient companies that account for 44% of the total industries, which are not included in the data, excessive idle facilities are left unchecked. If the present invention is utilized in such a corporate environment, by taking advantage of its facility equipment and technical characteristics to enter this development, the emission of factory flue gas will be suppressed, and diversified, high-quality and inexpensive. As purification materials are provided, they will inevitably have the effect of stimulating the formation of a large-scale environmental purification material market. (D). Industries that emit large quantities of industrial flue gas include the ceramics industry, the cast iron industry, the non-ferrous metal industry, the casting and forging industry, and the like, and some other industries operate large boilers.
The industry in which the effects of the present invention can be most remarkably exhibited is a ceramic industry having facilities and technologies capable of molding products of various shapes. Tile, including cement and plate glass of large companies,
Small and medium-sized enterprises involved in the manufacture of building materials such as bricks and clay tiles, as well as tableware, glassware, enameled ironware, whetstones, etc. also consume large amounts of fuel. Looking at the data on the "cost index of small and medium-sized enterprises" mentioned above, these industries are a representative group of industries in which sales decline in the event of a recession, and the effect of utilizing idle facilities is significant. Some of the ambitious companies are already producing environmental cleansing materials. However, if it is manufactured using a firing furnace that it owns, it does not lead to a reduction in carbon dioxide. Also, the effect of reducing manufacturing costs is uncertain. This is the fundamental difference between the existing technology for producing environmental purification materials and the technology of the present invention, in which the combustion process is omitted and the by-products are reduced (Table 2, Note; 8). Some industries, such as the lime manufacturing industry, manufacture slaked lime itself in large quantities. Analyzing the data of the "cost index of small and medium-sized enterprises", the sales decrease in healthy companies in the lime manufacturing industry decreased by 12% compared to 1985/1993, and decreased in 1998 compared to 1993. It is 25%, and it seems that these companies also have idle facilities. When producing calcium carbonate or dry ice, lime burning gas is recovered, but carbon dioxide may be released if an imbalance occurs in supply and demand. Since this lime calcined gas also produces carbon dioxide itself as a main product, it can be said that the effect of fixing carbon (Note; 14) by producing this limestone gas for fixing greenhouse gases (Fig. 3) is extremely large. . In this industry, slaked lime itself, which is the main raw material of the present invention, can be self-sufficient, so that transportation costs are not required, and low-cost environmental purification materials can be manufactured by utilizing abundant limestone and excess lime burning gas. there is a possibility. In the case of water quality purification materials, a spherical shape is desirable,
In the cement manufacturing industry, it is possible to cure spherical products using an idle rotary kiln, and to reduce molding and firing costs that are incomparable with rod-shaped or ring-shaped extrusion molding. Like. In the case of the tableware manufacturing industry, products of various shapes can be manufactured, so if indoor vases and containers are manufactured using shapes such as pots and bowls, adsorption and humidity control effects such as wall materials and flooring materials can be achieved. Can not be expected in terms of quantity, but since it does not consume fuel, cost reduction effect can be expected.
It would be ideal for the production of flower pots for denning. In the case of bricks, tiles and clay pipe manufacturing companies that have wet clay kneading machines, heavy objects such as thick exterior tiles, building blocks and bricks are manufactured using a large amount of fuel, but the present invention According to this method, since drying and firing are not required, it is possible to manufacture at low cost. The above-mentioned 12 hectares of tree-planting project has been
The substitute weight of the product of the present invention for immobilizing 0 tons of carbon dioxide is theoretically calculated. Since 1,680 tons of slaked lime can adsorb carbon dioxide, it can be admixed with slaked lime 50% and a surface hardening rate of 10%. If the product is shipped and installed outdoors, only 1,492 tons of environmental purification material will suffice. In the heavy-duty brick industry, this figure would not be worth a fraction, or even a tenth, of monthly production capacity. In the examples, the fixed amount of carbon dioxide in only one production line of floor tiles was determined by the amount of slaked lime in the raw materials (Table 2, Note 11), and the floor tiles were burned and smoked (Note 1).
2), and the amount of fixed carbon dioxide in the smoke from the lime kiln (Note 13) is 633 tons per month. If this is applied to the afforestation described above, the effect will be equivalent to that of 7.1 hectares a month, or 85.4 hectares a year. If the data of the deciduous forest is correct, the carbon fixation amount per hectare is 29 when converted to 2 tons per year.
This is equivalent to 6 hectares of forest. The difference in the efficiency of carbon dioxide adsorption between plants and slaked lime is a problem, but unlike plants that perform carbonic assimilation in sunlight, the efficiency should not be low because it works for 24 hours, and it takes several months from autumn to sprouting. It must be said that the fixed efficiency of floor tiles that operate at full capacity annually is stable compared to deciduous forests. Even more, if a brick with the surface purification effect of the present invention having a thick surface effect of 5 mm is applied to the sidewalk or the park square or the like outdoors, the carbon dioxide absorbed and fixed by 1,751 ton monthly bricks is 633 ton (Table 1, Note; 12,1
3, 14) can be expected. This is a one-time action, which is equivalent to 7.6 hectares of reforestation and 316 hectares of deciduous forest. The pressure on companies to control greenhouse gases is expected to become more severe in the case of advanced European countries. It has been reported that what emerges after the "emissions credit" is the "carbon tax" that has already been introduced in Scandinavia and Italy. It is not necessarily the case that there will be no policy in which the return money for the introduction of the carbon tax is subsidized as a preferential treatment for purchasers of environmental purification materials. Or an era may come when "emissions credits" are given to all companies that have reduced factory smoke. In that case, the market will be formed in an instant, and SMEs will be able to find a way to purify the environment as a new business in the kiln industry, which is overwhelmingly dominant. As described above, from the viewpoint of purifying factory flue gas according to the present invention, emission of carbon dioxide can be reduced, low-cost environmental purification materials can be produced, and existing idle facilities can be operated, Various effects can be expected, such as the emergence of various idea products in the environmental purification material market. (E). The effect of the present invention is not limited to the manufacturing industry that emits large quantities of factory smoke. Pollution of the seaside by discarded shells such as pearls, oysters, and scallops has become a problem. This waste shell is incinerated in a firing furnace, and the slaked lime generated and marine microbial sedimentary rock, viscous volcanic ash soil, shale, etc., which are easily found at the seaside, are used. Will also be able to launch a new business to produce inexpensive environmental purification materials. As already described, it is possible to mold and harden without drying or firing, so that an economical water quality improver can be produced locally. If this is laid on the bottom of the shell waste disposal site or mixed with shells and stored, fine organic diatomaceous earth, volcanic ash soil or shale absorbs the generated organic odor components, and the environment of the storage yard. It will help improve. Also, if this is spread over the sea floor of the farm and the organic pollutants and chemicals are adsorbed, improving the water quality of the aquaculture area, which is limited even if it is wide, is not an unrealizable dream. . (F). [Description of Embodiments]
The effect of adding a lime kiln is remarkable. If this effect is shown by a theoretical value, it will be as having shown in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3. i. In an example of manufacturing the same amount of environmental purification material in a floor tile manufacturing factory that produces 1,751 tons per month, even if the factory exhaust gas is fully operated to cure a product having a thickness of 6 mm by 4.7 mm, According to theoretical calculations, only 14.7% (Note 1) of the manufactured tiles can be processed.
Therefore, in the present invention, a system for replenishing carbon dioxide by providing a lime burning furnace in the factory was added. ii. The carbon dioxide amount that complements this is 228 in weight conversion.
ton (Note; 2), and it is not economically feasible to rely on dry ice or carbon dioxide gas cylinders. iii. The limestone required to produce this carbon dioxide in a lime kiln is 518 tonnes. Iv. 290 tons of quicklime produced as a by-product of this firing
(Note; 4) from 383 tons of slaked lime for raw materials (Note;
5) to produce a partial excess of 204 tons of carbon dioxide
(Note: 6) is adsorbed on slaked lime to produce calcium carbonate, and the carbon dioxide emitted outside the plant is calculated to be zero. In addition, this calcium carbonate 412 ton (Note 7)
Is used as a raw material for semi-finished products and is reduced to products. v. By taking the above measures, the entire amount of carbon dioxide can be recovered, and slaked lime and calcium carbonate obtained from calcined limestone can be reduced into raw materials, thereby reducing raw material costs as well as purifying factory smoke. Can be. Incidentally, the ratio of these recycled in-house raw materials and waste ceramics to the total raw material costs of the present invention amounts to 67.0% (Note 8) of the required raw materials. vi. When the idle floor tile line described in the embodiment is used, the tile can be manufactured with minimal capital investment and without consuming the fuel for drying and firing. By producing environmental purification materials that are expected to grow in the future, we will have the opportunity to develop high value-added products. In addition, the management stance of trying to reduce carbon dioxide in factory flue gas to zero has been replaced by the monetary value of the company, which has received enormous reputation as a company manager who responds to the global issue of "control of greenhouse gases". It can also be expected to produce effects that cannot be achieved. (G). Dryers, boilers, etc. do not emit a large amount of enhanced flue gas like other industrial furnaces, but the total emission may not be negligible. As the environmental purification material, a paving material used for a promenade, a park square, or the like that can be easily introduced into any factory and that can be manufactured by a simple manufacturing method that does not require equipment costs is adopted. The present invention uses 237,600 pavers per month, 5,795 m 2 , 632 tons of paving stones of average brick size using one clay mixing machine.
(Table 1, Note; 17-19) can be molded, and theoretically, 60.3 ton (Note; 20) in the factory
Flue gas and atmospheric carbon dioxide 315.7 tonnes
By fixing (Note 14), afforestation and greenhouse gas suppression effects beyond forest protection will be produced. In addition, if such materials are used for promenades and open spaces, infants and the elderly will fall down because they have the same texture as the tataki dirt found in a farmhouse one generation ago and have the same texture as the soles of shoes. Even so, it is gentle on the limbs and does not cause scuffing, so it is accepted by society as a paving stone with a material effect such as organic materials that could not be expected of conventional tiles, concrete or stone products. I do not believe it. In addition, large-scale use is desirable for controlling the greenhouse gas, which is the original purpose of this paving stone, but since the raw material cost is lower and the drying and firing costs are lower than those of the above products, the conventional paving stone While it is possible to provide lower-priced paving stones, there is the potential for companies to make a profit by suppressing factory smoke emissions. Fortunately, calcareous raw materials have the second largest reserves on earth, next to siliceous raw materials, and are very inexpensive in any country or region. Today, many companies, both inside and outside the country, are competing to develop new businesses with a focus on the environment. The present invention is not limited to environmental purification materials, water purification materials, paving stones, etc. that effectively utilize factory smoke and other combustion gases. We are convinced that environmental purification products will be developed.
図1は、遊休設備を活用する環境浄化材製造実施例の流
れ図。図2は、廃棄貝殻を活用する水質改善材製造実施
例の流れ図。図3は、余剰石焼成ガスを活用する舗石材
製造実施例の流れ図。図4は、その他の燃焼ガスを活用
する舗石材製造実施例の流れ図である。 FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of manufacturing an environmental purification material utilizing an idle facility. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an embodiment of manufacturing a water quality improving material using waste shells. FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a paving stone production example utilizing surplus stone firing gas. FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a paving stone production example utilizing other combustion gas.
Claims (1)
あるいは乾燥炉・ボイラ−等、工業用炉の近辺に硬化・
養生室を設けて工場排煙を送入する。 (ロ).適量の消石灰に珪酸質原料・火山灰質土壌・珪
藻土・粘土等を加え混合・粉砕し、必要に応じてスサ・
粘結材・白セメント等を添加して、湿式押出し成型・鋳
込み成型あるいは乾式加圧成型等により、所望の形状に
成型した半製品を(イ)項の硬化室内に装入する。 (ハ).この様にして、調合原料の含有する消石灰に工
場排煙に含まれる二酸化炭素を反応させ、消石灰を炭酸
カルシュ−ムに変性・硬化させて環境浄化用成型品(以
下、単に環境浄化材という)を製造することによる、工
場排煙の浄化処理にかかる諸費用の回収技法。 (ニ).硬化・養生室内では消石灰に吸着されない未反
応排煙が残る場合がある。工場排煙を完全に浄化したい
場合は、消石灰混濁液を噴霧する洗浄室内に排煙を送入
して洗浄・吸着する。 (ホ).工場排煙のみでは、装入した半製品の消石灰を
硬化させるのに充分な二酸化炭素が不足する場合があ
る。環境浄化材のフル生産を計りたい場合は、工業用炉
の近辺に石灰焼成炉を設けて石灰石あるいは廃棄貝殻等
の石灰質原料を焼成して、二酸化炭素と生石灰を製造す
る。これによって得られる一部分の二酸化炭素を(イ)
項の硬化・養生室に送入して不足分を補充し、余剰の二
酸化炭素ならびに硬化・養生室の未反応排煙および石灰
石焼成による焼成排煙を、生石灰を水漬して得た消石灰
の一部と反応させて炭酸カルシュ−ムに変成して(ロ)
項の原料に還元する。また、残余の消石灰を(ロ)項の
主要原料として使用する。 この様な一連の処理操作による、主体製品の乾燥炉や焼
成炉および石灰焼成炉からでる総排煙の二酸化炭素の除
去技法と、副成した消石灰と炭酸カルシュ−ムならびに
製造にかかる廃棄物を原料として再利用する原料コスト
の低減技法。以上、本発明の特許請求の範囲は、(イ)
項の硬化・養生室に工場排煙を送入し、このなかに
(ロ)項の、成型した半製品を装入して、(ハ)項の、
二酸化炭素を消石灰に反応・吸着させる工場排煙の浄化
技法にかかる。また(ニ)項の、洗浄室を設けることに
よって残余の工場排煙浄化を浄化する特許請求の範囲で
ある。ただし、(ニ)項の排煙洗浄システムと、(ホ)
項の、石灰焼成システムは、本発明の二次的補完システ
ムであって、余剰の二酸化炭素によるドライアイス等の
液化・固化システムを併設するときは無用であり、ま
た、環境浄化材が少量にして、少部分の工場排煙の浄化
しか期待できない場合、あるいは環境浄化材が厚物にし
てこの表面硬化のみを望む場合は、工場排煙の浄化の完
全を期するあまり、このシステムをフル稼働すると大量
の炭酸カルシュ−ムの処理不能による二次公害を招く恐
れがあり、この両システムを除外した特許の請求範囲と
する。また同様に、活用する工場排煙が無く、消石灰を
固定する二酸化炭素を燃焼炉や等から自給して環境浄化
材を製造する場合も、(ニ)項と(ホ)項の両システム
は不要であり、これを除外した特許の請求範囲とする。(1). Hardened near industrial furnaces such as firing furnaces, heating furnaces, melting furnaces, annealing furnaces, drying furnaces, and boilers.
A curing room will be set up to send factory flue gas. (B). Add silicic material, volcanic ash soil, diatomaceous earth, clay, etc. to an appropriate amount of slaked lime, mix and grind.
A binder, white cement and the like are added, and a semi-finished product molded into a desired shape by wet extrusion molding, casting molding, dry pressure molding, or the like is charged into the curing chamber of item (a). (C). In this way, the slaked lime contained in the prepared raw material is reacted with carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas of the factory, and the slaked lime is denatured and hardened into calcium carbonate to form a molded product for environmental purification (hereinafter simply referred to as an environmental purification material). A technique for recovering various costs associated with the purification of factory flue gas by manufacturing (D). In the curing / curing room, unreacted smoke that is not adsorbed by slaked lime may remain. If you want to completely purify the factory flue gas, the flue gas is sent into the cleaning room where the slaked lime turbid liquid is sprayed, and the flue gas is cleaned and absorbed. (E). Factory flue gas alone may not provide enough carbon dioxide to cure the slaked lime of the semi-finished product. In order to measure the full production of environmental purification materials, a lime burning furnace is installed near an industrial furnace to burn limestone or calcareous raw materials such as waste shells to produce carbon dioxide and quicklime. Part of the carbon dioxide obtained by this (b)
The excess carbon dioxide and unreacted flue gas in the curing and curing room and calcined flue gas produced by limestone baking are sent to the curing and curing room in section Reacts with some to transform into calcium carbonate (b)
Reduce to the raw material of item. The remaining slaked lime is used as the main raw material in item (b). By such a series of processing operations, the technique of removing carbon dioxide in the total flue gas from the drying furnace, calcining furnace and lime calcining furnace of the main product, the slaked lime and carbonate calcium by-product and the wastes related to the production are removed. A technique for reducing the cost of raw materials reused as raw materials. As described above, the scope of the claims of the present invention is (a)
The factory flue gas is sent to the curing / curing room in the section, and the molded semi-finished product in the section (b) is charged into it, and the
It is related to the purification technology of factory flue gas which reacts and adsorbs carbon dioxide to slaked lime. Also, it is a claim of (d) for purifying the remaining factory flue gas by providing a washing room. However, the smoke exhaust cleaning system of (d) and (e)
The lime baking system described in the section is a secondary supplementary system of the present invention, which is unnecessary when a liquefaction / solidification system for dry ice or the like using excess carbon dioxide is installed, and the amount of environmental purification material is reduced. Therefore, if only a small part of the factory flue gas can be expected to be purified, or if the environmental purification material is thick and only this surface hardening is desired, this system is fully operated because the factory flue gas is completely purified. This may cause secondary pollution due to the inability to process a large amount of calcium carbonate, and the claims exclude both systems. Similarly, if there is no factory flue gas to be used and carbon dioxide that fixes slaked lime is self-supplied from a combustion furnace or the like to produce environmental purification materials, both systems (d) and (e) are unnecessary. , Which are excluded from the claims.
Priority Applications (1)
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JP2001107805A JP2002255547A (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2001-03-01 | Cleaning method for flue gas from factory |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001107805A JP2002255547A (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2001-03-01 | Cleaning method for flue gas from factory |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2002255547A true JP2002255547A (en) | 2002-09-11 |
Family
ID=18960062
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006323593A (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-30 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Method for determining greenhouse gas absorbing performance of gas-absorbing concrete material, and system for utilizing greenhouse gas emission right |
JP2008546631A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2008-12-25 | ソシエテ アノニム ロワ ルシェルシュ エ ディベロプマン | Powdered lime composition, production process thereof and use thereof |
CN111013521A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-17 | 广西华纳新材料科技有限公司 | Nano calcium carbonate pressurized carbonation and surface modification integrated reaction kettle and application |
KR102254172B1 (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-18 | 정충의 | Dry ice production method using calcium carbonate generated from waste gas |
-
2001
- 2001-03-01 JP JP2001107805A patent/JP2002255547A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006323593A (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-30 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Method for determining greenhouse gas absorbing performance of gas-absorbing concrete material, and system for utilizing greenhouse gas emission right |
JP2008546631A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2008-12-25 | ソシエテ アノニム ロワ ルシェルシュ エ ディベロプマン | Powdered lime composition, production process thereof and use thereof |
CN111013521A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-17 | 广西华纳新材料科技有限公司 | Nano calcium carbonate pressurized carbonation and surface modification integrated reaction kettle and application |
KR102254172B1 (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-18 | 정충의 | Dry ice production method using calcium carbonate generated from waste gas |
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