JP2002228594A - State evaluation method and state evaluation device for object to be measured - Google Patents
State evaluation method and state evaluation device for object to be measuredInfo
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- JP2002228594A JP2002228594A JP2001024277A JP2001024277A JP2002228594A JP 2002228594 A JP2002228594 A JP 2002228594A JP 2001024277 A JP2001024277 A JP 2001024277A JP 2001024277 A JP2001024277 A JP 2001024277A JP 2002228594 A JP2002228594 A JP 2002228594A
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、紙、不織布等の被
測定物の状態を評価する方法および装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for evaluating the state of an object to be measured, such as paper and nonwoven fabric.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】繊維で構成されるシート状物は、その構
成繊維の偏在によって外観上の良否を生じることは周知
の事実である。しかし、構成繊維の偏在は、単に外観上
の良否に留まらず、例えば貼付薬基材における伸縮性、
電池用基材（セパレータ）や不織布を熱圧着して絶縁基
板に用いる絶縁基板用基材における耐ショート性などと
いった用途上の機能にも大きく影響するものである。従
って、構成繊維の偏在を解消するため、シート状物の生
産技術自体の向上は勿論のこと、その指標となる偏在評
価技術も重要度を増している。2. Description of the Related Art It is a well-known fact that a sheet-like material composed of fibers causes an appearance defect due to uneven distribution of the constituent fibers. However, the uneven distribution of the constituent fibers is not limited only to the quality of appearance, for example, the elasticity of the patch base material,
It greatly affects the functions in use, such as short-circuit resistance, of an insulating substrate used as an insulating substrate by thermocompression bonding of a battery substrate (separator) or a nonwoven fabric. Therefore, in order to eliminate the uneven distribution of the constituent fibers, not only the production technique itself of the sheet-like material itself is improved, but also the uneven distribution evaluation technique serving as an index thereof is increasing in importance.
【０００３】かかる繊維の偏在（地合）を評価する技術
として、予め用意された数段階の偏在度合いを有するシ
ート状物と測定対象とを対比し、これらの繊維の偏在状
態（地合）を単に目視により比較するといった主観評価
が従来より行われてきたが、近年の電子機器の発達によ
り、この繊維の偏在状態の評価は電子機器を利用した客
観評価へと移り替わってきている。As a technique for evaluating the uneven distribution (formation) of such fibers, a sheet-like material having several levels of unevenness prepared in advance is compared with an object to be measured, and the uneven distribution state (formation) of these fibers is determined. Conventionally, subjective evaluation such as simple visual comparison has been performed, but due to the recent development of electronic devices, the evaluation of the uneven distribution state of fibers has been replaced by objective evaluation using electronic devices.
【０００４】このような電子機器を利用した繊維の偏在
状態の評価技術としては種々のものが提案されており、
その多くは測定対象であるシート状物に光を照射し、そ
の反射光若しくは透過光を、例えば２５６階調（８ｂｉ
ｔ）の濃淡で識別し得る固体撮像素子（ＣＣＤ）などに
よって輝度情報として数値化し、この数値を演算処理す
るという手法が採られている。Various techniques for evaluating the uneven distribution of fibers using such electronic devices have been proposed.
Many of them irradiate light to a sheet-like object to be measured, and reflect or transmit the reflected light or transmitted light to, for example, 256 gradations (8 bi
A method has been adopted in which a solid-state imaging device (CCD) or the like that can be distinguished by shading of t) quantifies it as luminance information, and this numerical value is processed.
【０００５】このようなＣＣＤを利用した測定技術とし
て、”１９９６ Nonwovens Conference”予稿集Ｐ２３
９〜２４４（「CHARACTERIZING NONWOVEN WEB STRUCTUR
E USING IMAGE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES」、R.R.Bresee
ら、１９９６年３月１１〜１３日に米国で開催）には、
対象となるシート状物から得られた輝度情報を種々に演
算処理した結果が報告されている。特に、Fig.９には、
測定対象となる不織布をスキャンする際の測定面積を種
々に変え、各解像度で得られた輝度情報（２５６階調）
の標準偏差σを算術平均Ｘで割った変動係数ＣＶ（％）
を求め、測定面積を正方形とみなした場合の一辺の寸法
に相当する画像サイズ（ｍｍ）に対して変動係数ＣＶを
プロットした測定結果が示されている。そして測定結果
が示されたグラフを検討し、ＣＶ値を見比べることで、
対比される不織布のうちいずれの不織布がより均一性に
優れているかの判断が可能となる。[0005] As a measurement technique using such a CCD, a "1996 Nonwovens Conference" Proceedings P23
9-244 ("CHARACTERIZING NONWOVEN WEB STRUCTUR
E USING IMAGE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES '', RRBresee
Et al., Held in the United States on March 11-13, 1996)
There have been reports of the results of various arithmetic processings on luminance information obtained from target sheets. Especially in Fig. 9,
Brightness information (256 gradations) obtained at various resolutions by changing the measurement area when scanning the nonwoven fabric to be measured
Coefficient of variation CV (%) obtained by dividing the standard deviation σ of
Are obtained, and the measurement results are shown in which the variation coefficient CV is plotted against the image size (mm) corresponding to the dimension of one side when the measurement area is regarded as a square. By examining the graph showing the measurement results and comparing the CV values,
It is possible to determine which of the nonwoven fabrics to be compared has better uniformity.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記した従来
の繊維の偏在状態（地合）の評価方法では、対比される
不織布の均一性の優劣の判断は可能であっても、均一性
の度合いを具体的な数値として表すことができなかった
ため、繊維の偏在状態の評価手段としては不十分なもの
であった。However, in the above-mentioned conventional method for evaluating the uneven distribution state (formation) of fibers, it is possible to judge the uniformity of the nonwoven fabric to be compared, but the degree of uniformity is low. Was not able to be expressed as a specific numerical value, so that it was insufficient as a means for evaluating the uneven distribution state of the fiber.
【０００７】また、特殊金属箔の表面状態を評価する場
合や、プリントされたシートのプリント状態を評価する
場合にも同様の問題があった。[0007] The same problem arises when evaluating the surface condition of a special metal foil or when evaluating the printing condition of a printed sheet.
【０００８】そこで本発明は、前記測定技術を応用し、
被測定物の状態の評価を具体的な数値として表すことに
より、被測定物の状態の定量化を図ることができる状態
評価方法および状態評価装置を提供することを目的とす
る。[0008] Therefore, the present invention is to apply the measurement technique,
An object of the present invention is to provide a state evaluation method and a state evaluation device capable of quantifying the state of an object to be measured by expressing the evaluation of the state of the object to be measured as specific numerical values.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、上記目的
を達成するため鋭意検討した結果、小さな構造上の特徴
は、その測定面積が増加するにつれて物理的に均一化さ
れるため、種々の測定寸法とＣＶ値との相関を採り、そ
の相関関係に基づいて被測定物の状態を評価できること
を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that small structural features are physically uniformized as the measurement area increases, so that various features are obtained. The present invention has been completed by finding a correlation between the measured dimension of the sample and the CV value, and being able to evaluate the state of the object to be measured based on the correlation.
【００１０】即ち、本発明に係る被測定物の状態評価方
法は、（１）被測定物の所定領域に光を照射し所定領域
からの反射光または透過光を受光して輝度情報を取得す
る工程と、（２）被測定物の所定領域を所定の画像サイ
ズにより分割し、分割された各区画の輝度値を輝度情報
に基づいて算出し、各区画の輝度値に基づいて所定の画
像サイズに対応する変動係数を算出する工程と、（３）
所定の画像サイズの大きさを変えながら変動係数の算出
を繰り返す工程と、（４）複数の画像サイズと複数の変
動係数とに基づいて測定結果群座標を生成し、生成され
た測定結果群座標を所定平面上にプロットして得られる
グラフと所定の基準線との間に形成される面積を算出す
る工程と、を含むことを特徴とする。That is, the method for evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to the present invention comprises the steps of: (1) irradiating a predetermined area of the object with light and receiving reflected light or transmitted light from the predetermined area to acquire luminance information. And (2) dividing a predetermined region of the device under test by a predetermined image size, calculating a luminance value of each of the divided sections based on luminance information, and calculating a predetermined image size based on the luminance value of each section. Calculating a coefficient of variation corresponding to (3)
Repeating the calculation of the variation coefficient while changing the size of the predetermined image size; and (4) generating measurement result group coordinates based on the plurality of image sizes and the plurality of variation coefficients, and generating the generated measurement result group coordinates. Calculating the area formed between a graph obtained by plotting on a predetermined plane and a predetermined reference line.
【００１１】また本発明に係る被測定物の状態評価装置
は、（１）被測定物に対して光を照射する光源と、
（２）被測定物の所定領域において反射または透過され
た反射光または透過光を受光して輝度情報を取得するた
めの受光手段と、（３）被測定物の所定領域を所定の画
像サイズにより分割し、分割された各区画の輝度値を輝
度情報に基づいて算出し、各区画の輝度値に基づいて所
定の画像サイズに対応する変動係数を算出する第１の演
算手段と、（４）所定の画像サイズの大きさを変更する
ための変更手段と、（５）複数の画像サイズと複数の変
動係数とに基づいて測定結果群座標を生成し、生成され
た測定結果群座標を所定平面上にプロットして得られる
グラフと所定の基準線との間に形成される面積を算出す
る第２の演算手段と、を備えることを特徴とする かかる構成としたことにより、光源から被測定物に対し
て照射された光のうち、被測定物の所定領域において反
射または透過された反射光または透過光が受光手段によ
って受光され輝度情報が取得される。次いで、第１の演
算手段により、被測定物の所定領域が所定の画像サイズ
により分割され、分割された各区画の輝度値が上記輝度
情報に基づいて算出され、当該各区画の輝度値に基づい
て当該所定の画像サイズに対応する変動係数が算出され
る。そして、変更手段により上記所定の画像サイズの大
きさが変更されながら、上記変動係数の算出が繰り返さ
れる。その後、第２の演算手段により、複数の画像サイ
ズと複数の変動係数とに基づいて測定結果群座標が生成
され、生成された測定結果群座標を所定平面上にプロッ
トして得られるグラフと所定の基準線との間に形成され
る面積が算出される。このようにして算出された面積に
基づいて、被測定物の状態の客観的な評価が可能とな
る。Further, according to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for evaluating a state of an object to be measured, comprising:
(2) a light receiving unit for receiving reflected light or transmitted light reflected or transmitted in a predetermined area of the device under test to obtain luminance information; and (3) a predetermined region of the device under test by a predetermined image size. (1) first calculating means for calculating the luminance value of each divided section based on the luminance information and calculating a variation coefficient corresponding to a predetermined image size based on the luminance value of each section; Changing means for changing the size of the predetermined image size; and (5) generating measurement result group coordinates based on the plurality of image sizes and the plurality of variation coefficients, and converting the generated measurement result group coordinates into a predetermined plane. And a second calculating means for calculating an area formed between a graph obtained by plotting the above and a predetermined reference line. Of the light emitted to The reflected light or transmitted light reflected or transmitted in a predetermined area of the device under test is received by the light receiving means, and luminance information is obtained. Next, the predetermined area of the device under test is divided by the predetermined image size by the first calculating means, and the luminance value of each divided section is calculated based on the luminance information, and based on the luminance value of each section. Thus, a variation coefficient corresponding to the predetermined image size is calculated. Then, the calculation of the variation coefficient is repeated while the size of the predetermined image size is changed by the changing unit. Thereafter, measurement result group coordinates are generated by the second arithmetic unit based on the plurality of image sizes and the plurality of variation coefficients, and a graph obtained by plotting the generated measurement result group coordinates on a predetermined plane and a predetermined The area formed between the reference line and the reference line is calculated. Based on the area calculated in this way, it is possible to objectively evaluate the state of the measured object.
【００１２】また本発明に係る被測定物の状態評価方法
および評価装置では、測定結果群座標は、画像サイズの
対数と変動係数とを要素とする座標群により構成される
ことを特徴としてもよい。このようにすれば、画像サイ
ズと変動係数との間に対数関係があるとき、所定の基準
線との間に形成される面積の算出が容易になる。In the method and apparatus for evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to the present invention, the measurement result group coordinates may be constituted by a coordinate group having logarithm of image size and variation coefficient as elements. . In this way, when there is a logarithmic relationship between the image size and the variation coefficient, it is easy to calculate the area formed between the image size and the predetermined reference line.
【００１３】また本発明に係る被測定物の状態評価方法
および評価装置では、測定結果群座標を一次直線に回帰
し、得られる直線と所定の基準線との間に形成される面
積を算出することを特徴としてもよい。このようにすれ
ば、所定の基準線との間に形成される面積の算出が一層
容易になる。In the method and apparatus for evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to the present invention, the coordinates of the group of measurement results are regressed to a linear line, and the area formed between the obtained line and a predetermined reference line is calculated. It may be characterized. This makes it easier to calculate the area formed between the reference line and the predetermined reference line.
【００１４】また本発明に係る被測定物の状態評価方法
および評価装置では、測定結果群座標の一次直線への回
帰を最小二乗法により行うことを特徴としてもよい。こ
のようにすれば、測定結果群座標の一次直線への回帰が
最小二乗法により行われる。In the method and apparatus for evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to the present invention, regression of the measurement result group coordinates to a linear line may be performed by a least square method. In this way, the regression of the measurement result group coordinates to the primary straight line is performed by the least square method.
【００１５】また本発明に係る被測定物の状態評価方法
は、算出された面積と、予め得られた他の被測定物につ
いての面積との比を算出する工程を更に含むことを特徴
としてもよい。また本発明の被測定物の状態評価装置
は、第２の演算手段により算出された面積と、予め得ら
れた他の被測定物についての面積との比を算出する第３
の演算手段を更に備えることを特徴としてもよい。Further, the method of evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to the present invention may further include a step of calculating a ratio of the calculated area to a previously obtained area of another object to be measured. Good. Further, the device for evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to the present invention calculates a ratio of the area calculated by the second calculating means to the area of another object to be measured obtained in advance.
May be further provided.
【００１６】このようにすれば、第３の演算手段によ
り、被測定物について第２の演算手段により算出された
面積と、予め得られた他の被測定物についての面積との
比に基づいて、被測定物の状態の相対的な評価が可能と
なる。特に、他の被測定物が基準となるサンプルである
場合は、その基準に対する状態の優劣の度合いを客観的
な数値として得ることができる。According to this configuration, the third computing means calculates the ratio of the area of the device under test calculated by the second computing device to the previously obtained area of the other device under test. Thus, relative evaluation of the state of the device under test is possible. In particular, when another DUT is a reference sample, the degree of superiority of the state with respect to the reference can be obtained as an objective numerical value.
【００１７】また本発明に係る被測定物の状態評価方法
では、変動係数を算出する工程では、各区画の輝度値に
基づいて所定領域全体の輝度平均及び標準偏差を算出
し、輝度平均及び標準偏差に基づいて変動係数を算出す
る、ことを特徴としてもよい。また本発明に係る被測定
物の状態評価装置では、第１の演算手段は、各区画の輝
度値に基づいて所定領域全体の輝度平均及び標準偏差を
算出し、輝度平均及び標準偏差に基づいて変動係数を算
出する、ことを特徴としてもよい。このようにすれば、
第１の演算手段では、各区画の輝度値に基づいて所定領
域全体の輝度平均及び標準偏差が算出され、輝度平均及
び標準偏差に基づいて変動係数が算出される。In the method for evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to the present invention, in the step of calculating the variation coefficient, a luminance average and a standard deviation of the entire predetermined area are calculated based on a luminance value of each section, and the luminance average and the standard deviation are calculated. It may be characterized in that a variation coefficient is calculated based on the deviation. Further, in the device for evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to the present invention, the first calculating means calculates a luminance average and a standard deviation of the entire predetermined area based on the luminance value of each section, and based on the luminance average and the standard deviation. The variation coefficient may be calculated. If you do this,
In the first calculating means, a luminance average and a standard deviation of the entire predetermined area are calculated based on the luminance value of each section, and a variation coefficient is calculated based on the luminance average and the standard deviation.
【００１８】また本発明に係る被測定物の状態評価方法
および状態評価装置では、輝度情報は、上記反射光また
は上記透過光を複数の光成分に分光して得られた各光成
分ごとの輝度情報を含むことを特徴としてもよい。この
ようにすれば、各光成分ごとの輝度情報、すなわち各色
ごとの輝度情報を用いて、被測定物の状態の評価をより
詳細に行うことが可能となる。In the method and the apparatus for evaluating a state of an object to be measured according to the present invention, the luminance information may include a luminance for each light component obtained by dispersing the reflected light or the transmitted light into a plurality of light components. It may be characterized by including information. With this configuration, it is possible to evaluate the state of the device under test in more detail using the luminance information for each light component, that is, the luminance information for each color.
【００１９】また本発明に係る被測定物の状態評価方法
および状態評価装置では、被測定物は、繊維で構成され
るシート状物であることを特徴としてもよい。このよう
に、本発明の被測定物の状態評価方法および状態評価装
置は、例えば紙、不織布等の繊維で構成されるシート状
物の地合の評価に好適に用いることができる。In the method and apparatus for evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to the present invention, the object to be measured may be a sheet-like material made of fibers. As described above, the state evaluation method and the state evaluation apparatus of the object to be measured according to the present invention can be suitably used for evaluating the formation of a sheet-like material made of fibers such as paper and nonwoven fabric.
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、添付図面に基づき、本発明
の被測定物の状態評価方法および状態評価装置の好適な
実施形態について説明する。尚、図面において同一の要
素には同一の符号を附し、重複する説明を省略する。こ
こで本明細書において被測定物とは、主として紙、不織
布、特殊金属箔、プリントされたシート等のシート状物
を意味し、被測定物の状態とは、被測定物構造の状態や
被測定物表面の状態を意味する。具体的には、例えば
紙、不織布などの繊維で構成されるシート状物の繊維の
偏在状態（地合）、特殊金属箔の表面状態、プリントさ
れたシートのプリント状態などを意味する。以下の実施
形態では、特に紙、不織布等の繊維で構成されるシート
状物の地合を評価する場合について説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the method and apparatus for evaluating the state of a device under test according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same elements will be denoted by the same reference symbols, without redundant description. Here, in this specification, the object to be measured mainly means a sheet-like material such as paper, nonwoven fabric, special metal foil, or a printed sheet, and the state of the object to be measured refers to the state of the structure of the object to be measured or the state of the object to be measured. It means the state of the surface of the measured object. Specifically, it means, for example, the uneven distribution state (formation) of fibers of a sheet-like material made of fibers such as paper and nonwoven fabric, the surface state of a special metal foil, the printed state of a printed sheet, and the like. In the following embodiment, a case will be described in which the formation of a sheet-like material composed of fibers such as paper and nonwoven fabric is evaluated.
【００２１】図１は、本発明にかかる被測定物の状態評
価装置（以下、評価装置ともいう）の第１実施形態を示
す斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of an apparatus for evaluating the state of an object to be measured (hereinafter, also referred to as an evaluation apparatus) according to the present invention.
【００２２】図１に示すように、紙、不織布等の繊維で
構成されたシート状物（被測定物）３は、生産された後
に図示しない搬送手段により矢印５で示す方向に搬送さ
れる。As shown in FIG. 1, a sheet-like material (measurement object) 3 made of fibers such as paper and nonwoven fabric is transported in a direction shown by an arrow 5 by transport means (not shown) after being produced.
【００２３】その際、シート状物３の繊維の偏在、いわ
ゆる地合を評価するために、評価装置１はシート状物３
の所定領域の輝度情報を測定可能な光学測定手段を備え
ている。光学測定手段は、シート状物３の下側に配置さ
れた光源、例えば蛍光灯７と、シート状物３の上方に配
置されシート状物３を透過した光を受光する受光手段、
例えばＣＣＤカメラ９とを備えている。このＣＣＤカメ
ラ９は、透過光を分光することなくそのまま受光して輝
度情報を生成する構成としてもよいし、透過光を赤
（Ｒ）、緑（Ｇ）、青（Ｂ）の光成分に分光し、これら
光成分を受光して各光成分ごとの輝度情報を生成する構
成としてもよい。At this time, in order to evaluate the uneven distribution of the fibers of the sheet-like material 3, that is, the so-called formation, the evaluation device 1 uses the sheet-like material 3.
Optical measuring means capable of measuring the luminance information of the predetermined area. The optical measuring means includes a light source, for example, a fluorescent lamp 7 disposed below the sheet-shaped material 3, and a light-receiving means disposed above the sheet-shaped material 3 and receiving light transmitted through the sheet-shaped material 3.
For example, a CCD camera 9 is provided. The CCD camera 9 may be configured to generate the luminance information by directly receiving the transmitted light without dispersing the transmitted light, or to separate the transmitted light into red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light components. Alternatively, a configuration may be adopted in which these light components are received to generate luminance information for each light component.
【００２４】また評価装置１は、ＣＣＤカメラ９からの
透過映像信号を処理するためのコンピュータ１１と、処
理結果を表示するためのディスプレイ１５を備えてい
る。このＣＣＤカメラ９とコンピュータ１１とは電気的
に接続されており、ＣＣＤカメラ９からの透過映像信号
はコンピュータ１１に伝送され、所定領域における輝度
情報として蓄積される。コンピュータ１１は内部に種々
の演算を行うための演算部１３を備えており、所定領域
における輝度情報は演算部１３において画像処理ソフト
を用いて処理され、その結果として地合の評価がディス
プレイ１５上に表示されるようになっている。The evaluation device 1 also has a computer 11 for processing the transmitted video signal from the CCD camera 9 and a display 15 for displaying the processing result. The CCD camera 9 and the computer 11 are electrically connected, and the transmitted video signal from the CCD camera 9 is transmitted to the computer 11 and stored as luminance information in a predetermined area. The computer 11 has an operation unit 13 for performing various operations inside. The luminance information in a predetermined area is processed by the operation unit 13 using image processing software, and as a result, the formation evaluation is displayed on the display 15. Is displayed.
【００２５】なお、本実施形態の評価装置１では、蛍光
灯７とＣＣＤカメラ９とをシート状物３に対して同一の
側に配置し、ＣＣＤカメラ９はシート状物３において反
射された反射光を検出する構成としてもよい。また、シ
ート状物３の所定領域における輝度情報をページスキャ
ナで読み取る構成としてもよい。In the evaluation apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the fluorescent lamp 7 and the CCD camera 9 are arranged on the same side of the sheet 3, and the CCD camera 9 reflects the light reflected on the sheet 3. It may be configured to detect light. Further, a configuration may be adopted in which luminance information in a predetermined area of the sheet-like material 3 is read by a page scanner.
【００２６】コンピュータ１１の演算部１３は、図２に
示すように、変動係数演算部（第１の演算手段）１７、
画像サイズ変更部（変更手段）１９、面積演算部（第２
の演算手段）２１および比演算部（第３の演算手段）２
３を備えている。As shown in FIG. 2, the calculation unit 13 of the computer 11 includes a variation coefficient calculation unit (first calculation unit) 17,
The image size change unit (change means) 19, the area calculation unit (second
Calculating means) 21 and ratio calculating section (third calculating means) 2
3 is provided.
【００２７】変動係数演算部１７は、ＣＣＤカメラ９か
ら伝送されてきた輝度情報に基づいて、シート状物３の
所定領域を所定の画像サイズにより分割して各区画の輝
度値を算出し、当該各区画の輝度値に基づいて当該所定
の画像サイズに対応する変動係数を算出する。The variation coefficient calculating section 17 divides a predetermined area of the sheet 3 by a predetermined image size based on the luminance information transmitted from the CCD camera 9 and calculates a luminance value of each section. A variation coefficient corresponding to the predetermined image size is calculated based on the luminance value of each section.
【００２８】画像サイズ変更部１９は、変動係数演算部
１７と接続されており、シート状物３の所定領域を分割
する画像サイズを変更するための信号を変動係数演算部
１７に伝送する。The image size changing section 19 is connected to the variation coefficient calculating section 17 and transmits a signal for changing the image size for dividing a predetermined area of the sheet 3 to the variation coefficient calculating section 17.
【００２９】面積演算部２１は、変動係数演算部１７と
接続されており、画像サイズを変更することにより得ら
れた複数の画像サイズと、それに対応するように算出さ
れた複数の変動係数とに基づいて測定結果群座標を生成
し、生成された測定結果群座標を所定平面上にプロット
して得られるグラフと、所定の基準線との間に形成され
る面積を算出する。The area calculation unit 21 is connected to the variation coefficient calculation unit 17 and converts a plurality of image sizes obtained by changing the image size and a plurality of variation coefficients calculated corresponding to the image sizes. Based on the measurement result group coordinates, an area formed between a graph obtained by plotting the generated measurement result group coordinates on a predetermined plane and a predetermined reference line is calculated.
【００３０】比演算部２３は、面積演算部２１と接続さ
れており、面積演算部２１において算出された面積と、
記憶手段２５において記憶されている他のシート状物
（他の被測定物）についての面積との比を算出する。The ratio calculation unit 23 is connected to the area calculation unit 21, and calculates the area calculated by the area calculation unit 21.
The ratio with respect to the area of another sheet-like object (other object to be measured) stored in the storage unit 25 is calculated.
【００３１】このＲＡＭ等により構成される記憶手段２
５は、演算部１３と接続されており、演算部１３におい
て演算された種々の値を記憶したり、予め記憶されてい
るデータを演算部１３に供給したりする。Storage means 2 constituted by this RAM or the like
Reference numeral 5 is connected to the operation unit 13 and stores various values calculated by the operation unit 13 and supplies data stored in advance to the operation unit 13.
【００３２】次に、上記した構成の本実施形態に係る評
価装置１を用いたシート状物３の地合の評価方法につい
て、図３のデータ処理手順を示すフローチャートに沿っ
て説明する。Next, a method of evaluating the formation of the sheet-like material 3 using the evaluation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
【００３３】まず、生産ライン中で光源７からシート状
物３に光を当て、その透過光をＣＣＤカメラ９により受
光して所定領域における輝度情報をコンピュータ１１に
蓄積する（Ｓ１）。この場合、解像度は任意に設定可能
であるが、通常４００dpi程度の精度で解析を行う。各
画素における輝度を構成する数値は、８bitの場合０〜
２５５のデジタル化された階調で表される。なお輝度情
報としては、透過光を分光することなくそのまま受光し
て生成された輝度情報を用いてもよいし、透過光を赤
（Ｒ）、緑（Ｇ）、青（Ｂ）の光成分に分光し、これら
光成分を受光して生成された各光成分ごとの輝度情報を
用いてもよい。ただし、各光成分ごとの輝度情報、すな
わち各色ごとの輝度情報を用いれば、シート状物３の地
合の評価をより詳細に行うことが可能となる。例えば、
色のついた繊維の分布状態などの評価が可能となる。First, light is emitted from the light source 7 to the sheet material 3 in the production line, the transmitted light is received by the CCD camera 9, and the luminance information in a predetermined area is stored in the computer 11 (S1). In this case, the resolution can be set arbitrarily, but analysis is usually performed with an accuracy of about 400 dpi. Numerical values constituting the luminance of each pixel are 0 to 8 bits.
It is represented by 255 digitized gradations. As the luminance information, luminance information generated by directly receiving the transmitted light without dispersing the transmitted light may be used, or the transmitted light may be converted into red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light components. It is also possible to use the luminance information for each light component generated by spectrally separating and receiving these light components. However, if the luminance information for each light component, that is, the luminance information for each color, is used, the formation of the sheet 3 can be evaluated in more detail. For example,
It is possible to evaluate the distribution state of colored fibers.
【００３４】次に、コンピュータ１１の演算部１３にお
いて、より詳細には変動係数演算部１７において、上記
方法により得られた所定領域分のbitmapデータを、画像
処理ソフトを用いて所定の同一画像サイズに等分割する
（Ｓ２）。この場合、好ましくは正方形状の少なくとも
２区画以上、より好ましくは４区画以上に等分割する。
そして、画像サイズ変更部１９から変動係数演算部１７
に対して画像サイズを変更する信号を送り、所定領域の
分割作業を少なくとも２種以上の画像サイズＳ nについ
て行って複数の分割パターンを得る。なお、画像サイズ
Ｓnの数（分割パターン）が、最低２つあれば地合の評
価は可能であるが、画像サイズＳnの数が増えれば後述
する地合指数Ｐの信頼性が増すため、３種類以上の画像
サイズＳnについて分割作業を行うことが好ましい。ま
た、各区画が互いに重畳しないように上記所定領域を分
割すれば、変動係数ＣＶを有意に求めることができ、そ
の結果、後述する地合指数Ｐの信頼性がより一層向上す
る。また、分割された各区画の輝度情報は、以下の処理
において必ずしもすべて用いる必要はない。更に、所定
領域を非正方形状に等分割してもよい。例えば、長方形
状、円形状に等分割してもよい。Next, the arithmetic unit 13 of the computer 11
More specifically, the variation coefficient calculation unit 17
Bitmap data for a predetermined area obtained by the method
Using processing software to divide the image into equal parts of the same size
(S2). In this case, preferably at least a square
It is equally divided into two or more sections, more preferably four or more sections.
Then, from the image size changing unit 19 to the variation coefficient calculating unit 17
A signal to change the image size to
At least two types of image sizes S nAbout
To obtain a plurality of division patterns. The image size
SnIf the number of (partition pattern) is at least two,
Price is possible, but image size SnLater if the number of
More than three types of images to increase the reliability of the formation index P
Size SnIt is preferable to perform the division work on. Ma
In addition, the predetermined area is divided so that the sections do not overlap each other.
By dividing, the coefficient of variation CV can be obtained significantly,
As a result, the reliability of the formation index P described later is further improved.
You. In addition, the luminance information of each divided section is processed as follows.
It is not necessary to use all of them. Furthermore, predetermined
The region may be equally divided into non-square shapes. For example, a rectangle
It may be equally divided into a shape and a circular shape.
【００３５】次に、同じく変動係数演算部１７におい
て、ｎ個の画像サイズＳ1〜Ｓnに対応するｎ個の分割パ
ターンの各分割パターンごとに、等分割された正方形の
各区画の輝度値を算出し、輝度値群Ｇ1〜Ｇnを求める
（Ｓ３）。Next, the same variation coefficient calculation unit 17, for each of the divided pattern of the n pieces of divided patterns corresponding to n image size S 1 to S n, equally divided luminance values of each section of the square Is calculated, and luminance value groups G 1 to G n are obtained (S3).
【００３６】ここで、簡単のためｎ＝２の場合、すなわ
ち２種類の画像サイズで所定領域を等分割して、２つの
輝度値群を求める場合について、図４を参照して説明す
る。図４（ａ）は、１５cm角のシート状物３をページス
キャナによりスキャンし、画像サイズＳ1（分割パター
ン１）として７．５cm角の４個の同一画像サイズに分割
した場合を示し、図４（ｂ）は１５cm角のシート状物３
を画像サイズＳ2（分割パターン２）として５cm角の９
個の同一画像サイズに分割した場合を示している。例え
ば、スキャナの精度が４００dpiであり、画像サイズが
Ｓ1の場合を考えると、各区画の輝度値ｇ11〜ｇ14は、
それぞれ約１１８０×１１８０（｛４００÷２５．４×
７５｝2）個の画素における輝度の平均値で代表され、
画像サイズＳ1（分割パターン１）に対応する輝度値群
Ｇ1＝（ｇ11，ｇ12，ｇ13，ｇ14）が得られる。また、
画像サイズがＳ2の場合を考えると、各区画の輝度値ｇ
21〜ｇ2 9は、それぞれ約７８７×７８７（｛４００÷２
５．４×５０｝2）個の画素における輝度の平均値で代
表され、画像サイズＳ2（分割パターン２）に対応する
輝度値群Ｇ2＝（ｇ21，ｇ22，・・・，ｇ28，ｇ29）が
得られる。Here, for the sake of simplicity, a case where n = 2, that is, a case where a predetermined area is equally divided with two kinds of image sizes to obtain two luminance value groups will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4A shows a case where a sheet 3 of 15 cm square is scanned by a page scanner and divided into four identical image sizes of 7.5 cm square as an image size S 1 (division pattern 1). 4 (b) is a 15 cm square sheet 3
Is defined as an image size S 2 (divided pattern 2) of 9
It shows a case where the image is divided into the same image size. For example, the accuracy of the scanner is 400 dpi, the image size is considered the case of S 1, the luminance value g 11 to g 14 of each compartment,
Approximately 1180x1180 ($ 400 / 25.4x
75｝ 2 ) pixels, represented by the average value of the luminance,
The luminance value group G 1 = (g 11 , g 12 , g 13 , g 14 ) corresponding to the image size S 1 (divided pattern 1) is obtained. Also,
When the image size is considered the case of S 2, the luminance value g of each compartment
21 to g 2 9 are each about 787 × 787 ({400 ÷ 2
A luminance value group G 2 = (g 21 , g 22 ,..., G) represented by an average value of luminance in 5.4 × 50 2 pixels corresponding to an image size S 2 (divided pattern 2). 28 , g 29 ) are obtained.
【００３７】次に、各輝度値群Ｇ1〜Ｇnごとの輝度平均
Ｘ1〜Ｘnを算出する。（Ｓ４）これは、単純に輝度値の
算術平均として求められる。例えば、前述の画像サイズ
がＳ1の場合を考えると、輝度平均Ｘ1は、 Ｘ1＝（ｇ11+ｇ12+ｇ13+ｇ14）／４ として求めることができる。Next, average brightnesses X 1 to X n are calculated for each of the brightness value groups G 1 to G n . (S4) This is simply obtained as an arithmetic average of luminance values. For example, when the image size of the above Consider the case of S 1, the average brightness X 1 can be determined as X 1 = (g 11 + g 12 + g 13 + g 14) / 4.
【００３８】次に、各輝度値群Ｇ1〜Ｇnごとの標準偏差
σ1〜σnを算出する（Ｓ５）。例えば、前述の画像サイ
ズがＳ1の場合を考えると、標準偏差σ1は、として求め
ることができる。Next, standard deviations σ 1 to σ n are calculated for each of the luminance value groups G 1 to G n (S5). For example, when the image size of the above Consider the case of S 1, the standard deviation sigma 1 can be obtained as.
【００３９】次に、標準偏差σ1〜σnを輝度平均Ｘ1〜
Ｘnで割った変動係数ＣＶ1〜ＣＶn（ＣＶn＝σn／Ｘn）
を算出する（Ｓ６）。例えば、前述の画像サイズがＳ1
の場合を考えると、変動係数ＣＶ1は、 ＣＶ1＝σ1／Ｘ1 として求められる。なお、変動係数ＣＶnは百分率で求
めるのが一般的であるが、本実施形態では後述するよう
に地合指数として面積ｋMとｋRとの比を採るため、変動
係数ＣＶnとして単に標準偏差σnを輝度平均Ｘnで割っ
たものを用いても同一の地合指数が得られる。Next, the standard deviations σ 1 to σ n are converted to the luminance averages X 1 to
Variation coefficient divided by X n CV 1 ~CV n (CV n = σ n / X n)
Is calculated (S6). For example, if the aforementioned image size is S 1
Considering the case, the variation coefficient CV 1 is obtained as CV 1 = σ 1 / X 1 . Although the coefficient of variation CV n is generally determine a percentage, in the present embodiment, since taking the ratio between the area k M and k R as formation index as described below, merely standard variation coefficient CV n The same formation index can be obtained by using a value obtained by dividing the deviation σ n by the average luminance X n .
【００４０】次に、面積演算部２１において画像サイズ
Ｓ1〜Ｓnの対数をｘ座標、変動係数ＣＶ1〜ＣＶnをｙ座
標とした測定結果群座標｛（LogaＳ1，ＣＶ1），・・・
・，（LogaＳn，ＣＶn）｝（但し、ａは１を除く正数）
を生成し、生成された測定結果群座標を最小二乗法によ
り一次直線に回帰する（Ｓ７）。なお、ｘ座標として画
像サイズの対数を採っているため、読み取り領域の面積
を画像サイズの代わりに用いることもできる。Next, x-coordinate logarithmic image size S 1 to S n in the area calculation unit 21, the measurement result group coordinates the coefficient of variation CV 1 ~CV n is y-coordinate {(Log a S 1, CV 1) , ...
・, (Log a S n , CV n )｝ (where a is a positive number excluding 1)
Is generated, and the generated measurement result group coordinates are regressed to a linear line by the least square method (S7). Since the logarithm of the image size is used as the x coordinate, the area of the reading area can be used instead of the image size.
【００４１】そして、図５に示すように、ｘ軸と一次直
線との間に形成された面積ｋMを算出する（Ｓ７）。面
積ｋMを算出する際の画像サイズの変域は、例えばＣＶ
値を求めた画像サイズの最小値Ｓminから最大値Ｓmaxま
でとする。[0041] Then, as shown in FIG. 5, to calculate the area k M formed between the x axis and the linear line (S7). Domain image size at the time of calculating the area k M, for example CV
The value is determined from the minimum value S min to the maximum value S max of the obtained image size.
【００４２】最後に、比演算部２３において、面積演算
部２１で算出された面積ｋMと、記憶手段２５に予め記
憶されている基準サンプル（他の被測定物）の面積ｋR
との比を採り、これを地合指数Ｐとして算出する（Ｓ
８）。即ち、Ｐは、 Ｐ＝ｋM／ｋR として表される。Finally, in the ratio calculating section 23, the area k M calculated by the area calculating section 21 and the area k R of the reference sample (other measured object) stored in the storage means 25 in advance.
And calculate this as the formation index P (S
8). That is, P is represented as P = k M / k R.
【００４３】このように本実施形態では、画像サイズＳ
nの対数と変動係数ＣＶnとにより得られる測定結果群座
標｛（LogaＳ1，ＣＶ1），・・・・，（LogaＳn，Ｃ
Ｖn）｝を一次直線に回帰することによって、変動係数
ＣＶnの平均化の度合いはｘ軸と一次直線との間に形成
される面積という形で定量化されるため、シート状物３
の地合を具体的な数値として客観的に評価することがで
きる。例えば、シート状物３の均一性が高ければ、その
面積ｋMは小さくなるという結果として反映される。ま
た、この面積ｋMと、基準サンプルについて予め得られ
た面積ｋRとの比を採り、この比を地合指数Ｐとして算
出することにより、所定基準に対する客観的な地合の評
価を高い再現性で実現することができる。As described above, in the present embodiment, the image size S
measurement result group coordinates ｛(Log a S 1 , CV 1 ) obtained from the logarithm of n and the variation coefficient CV n , (Log a S n , C
V n )｝ is regressed to a linear line, whereby the degree of averaging of the variation coefficient CV n is quantified in the form of an area formed between the x-axis and the linear line.
Can be objectively evaluated as specific numerical values. For example, if the uniformity of the sheet 3 is high, the area k M is reduced as a result. In addition, by taking the ratio between the area k M and the area k R obtained in advance for the reference sample, and calculating this ratio as the formation index P, the objective evaluation of the formation with respect to the predetermined reference can be reproduced with high reproducibility. It can be realized by nature.
【００４４】また本実施形態では、生産ライン中で連続
的に流れてくるシート状物３を一定時間ごとにスキャン
し、面積ｋMを一定時間ごとに算出することで、シート
状物３の品質の変化を監視するようにしてもよい。ま
た、地合指数Ｐを、所定基準に対する地合の評価として
用いるだけでなく、互いに異なるシート状物の地合の状
態の相対的な評価に用いてもよい。[0044] In the present embodiment, the sheet 3 come flowing continuously in the production line scans at regular intervals, by calculating the area k M at regular intervals, the quality of the sheet 3 May be monitored. Also, the formation index P may be used not only for evaluation of formation with respect to a predetermined reference, but also for relative evaluation of the formation state of sheet materials different from each other.
【００４５】なお、本実施形態に係る被測定物の状態評
価方法及び評価装置では、画像サイズＳ1〜Ｓnの対数を
ｘ座標、変動係数ＣＶ1〜ＣＶnをｙ座標とする測定結果
群座標を生成し、これを一次直線に回帰して得られた一
次直線とｘ軸との間に形成される面積を算出した。しか
し、これに限られず、図６（ａ）に示すように、画像サ
イズＳ1〜Ｓnの対数をｘ座標、変動係数ＣＶ1〜ＣＶnを
ｙ座標とする測定結果群座標を一次直線に回帰すること
なく、ｘ−ｙ平面にプロットされた座標を直線等でそれ
ぞれ結び、得られたグラフとｘ軸との間に形成される面
積を算出するようにしてもよい。[0045] In the state evaluation method and evaluation apparatus of the measured object according to the present embodiment, x-coordinate logarithmic image size S 1 to S n, the measurement result group of the coefficient of variation CV 1 ~CV n and y-coordinate The coordinates were generated, and the area formed between the primary straight line obtained by regressing the primary straight line and the x-axis was calculated. However, not limited to this, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), the logarithm of the image size S 1 to S n x-coordinate, the coefficient of variation CV 1 ~CV n primary linear measurement result group coordinates to y coordinates Without regression, the coordinates plotted on the xy plane may be connected by a straight line or the like, and the area formed between the obtained graph and the x-axis may be calculated.
【００４６】また、図６（ｂ）に示すように、画像サイ
ズＳ1〜Ｓnの対数でなく画像サイズＳ1〜Ｓnそのものを
ｘ座標、変動係数ＣＶ1〜ＣＶnをｙ座標とする測定結果
群座標を生成し、これを曲線に回帰して得られた曲線と
ｘ軸との間に形成される面積を算出するようにしてもよ
い。Further, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the image size S 1 to S n itself the x-coordinate rather than the logarithm of the image size S 1 to S n, the coefficient of variation CV 1 ~CV n and y-coordinate The measurement result group coordinates may be generated, and the area formed between the x-axis and a curve obtained by regressing the coordinates on the curve may be calculated.
【００４７】さらに、図６（ｃ）に示すように、画像サ
イズＳ1〜Ｓnそのものをｘ座標、変動係数ＣＶ1〜ＣＶn
をｙ座標とする測定結果群座標を生成し、これを曲線に
回帰することなく、ｘ−ｙ平面にプロットされた座標を
直線等でそれぞれ結び、得られたグラフとｘ軸との間に
形成される面積を算出するようにしてもよい。Further, as shown in FIG. 6C, the image sizes S 1 -S n themselves are represented by the x-coordinate and the variation coefficients CV 1 -CV n
Is generated, and the coordinates plotted on the xy plane are connected to each other by a straight line or the like without regression to a curve, and formed between the obtained graph and the x-axis. The calculated area may be calculated.
【００４８】このように、図６（ａ）〜（ｃ）を参照し
て説明した手法で面積を算出する方法も、本発明の技術
思想の範囲に含まれるものである。よって、本願におい
て「生成された該測定結果群座標を所定平面上にプロッ
トして得られるグラフ」には、図６（ａ）〜（ｃ）に示
すようにして測定結果群座標に基づいて生成されるグラ
フが含まれる。Thus, the method of calculating the area by the method described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6C is also included in the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. Therefore, in the present application, “a graph obtained by plotting the generated measurement result group coordinates on a predetermined plane” is generated based on the measurement result group coordinates as shown in FIGS. Graphs included.
【００４９】ただし、図５に示すように、x軸と1次直線
との間に形成される面積を算出するようにすれば、単な
る台形の面積を算出するだけで済むため、演算が簡素化
され演算速度が速くなる。次に、本発明に係る被測定物
の状態評価装置を用いた状態評価方法を実施例によりさ
らに詳細に説明する。However, as shown in FIG. 5, if the area formed between the x-axis and the primary straight line is calculated, it is only necessary to calculate the area of the trapezoid, so that the calculation is simplified. Calculation speed is increased. Next, a state evaluation method using the device for evaluating an object to be measured according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
【００５０】[0050]
【実施例】シート状物として水流絡合された地合の異な
る２つの不織布を測定サンプル１，２とした。EXAMPLES Two nonwoven fabrics having different formations, which were entangled with water, were used as measurement samples 1 and 2 as sheet materials.
【００５１】サンプル１は、（１）繊維軸を中心とし
て、ポリエチレン成分とポリプロピレン成分とが交互に
配列した、オレンジ状の繊維断面形状を有する、繊度
１．４３ｄｔｅｘ、繊維長２５ｍｍの複合繊維４０ｍａ
ｓｓ％、（２）ポリプロピレン成分を芯成分とし、ポリ
エチレン成分を鞘成分とした、繊度１．６５ｄｔｅｘ、
繊維長５１ｍｍの芯鞘型複合繊維２５ｍａｓｓ％、
（３）繊度１．３２ｄｔｅｘ、繊維長４５ｍｍのポリプ
ロピレン繊維３５ｍａｓｓ％、とからなる乾式熱融着不
織布（面密度：２０ｇ／ｍ2、厚さ：０．１２ｍｍ）で
あった。Sample 1 was prepared as follows: (1) A composite fiber 40 ma having a fineness of 1.43 dtex and a fiber length of 25 mm, having an orange fiber cross-sectional shape in which polyethylene components and polypropylene components were alternately arranged around the fiber axis.
ss%, (2) a fineness of 1.65 dtex, with a polypropylene component as a core component and a polyethylene component as a sheath component,
25 mass% core-sheath type composite fiber with a fiber length of 51 mm,
(3) A dry heat-fused nonwoven fabric (area density: 20 g / m 2 , thickness: 0.12 mm) consisting of 1.32 dtex and 35 mass% of polypropylene fibers having a fiber length of 45 mm.
【００５２】またサンプル２は、（１）ポリプロピレン
成分を芯成分とし、ポリエチレン成分を鞘成分とした、
繊度０．８ｄｔｅｘ、繊維長５ｍｍの芯鞘型複合繊維８
０ｍａｓｓ％、（３）繊度２．２ｄｔｅｘ、繊維長１０
ｍｍのポリプロピレン繊維２０ｍａｓｓ％、とからなる
湿式熱融着不織布（面密度：５２ｇ／ｍ2、厚さ：０．
２２ｍｍ）であった。Sample 2 also had (1) a polypropylene component as a core component and a polyethylene component as a sheath component.
Core-sheath composite fiber 8 with a fineness of 0.8 dtex and a fiber length of 5 mm
0 mass%, (3) fineness 2.2 dtex, fiber length 10
wet-fused nonwoven fabric (area density: 52 g / m 2 , thickness: 0.
22 mm).
【００５３】サンプル１及び２の状態をそれぞれ図７及
び図８に示す。図７及び図８から分かるように、サンプ
ル２の方がサンプル１に比べて目視上の地合に優れてい
る。The states of Samples 1 and 2 are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, respectively. As can be seen from FIGS. 7 and 8, Sample 2 is better in visual appearance than Sample 1.
【００５４】これら２つのサンプルを市販のページスキ
ャナにかけ、分解能を４００dpiに設定し、画像サイズ
３ｍｍ角〜２４ｍｍ角の４つの分割パターンで輝度情報
を取得・演算処理した。なお、この際の演算は、ページ
スキャナからパソコンに輝度情報を送り、その情報をMi
crosoft Excelで処理した。These two samples were subjected to a commercially available page scanner, the resolution was set to 400 dpi, and the luminance information was obtained and calculated in four divided patterns of an image size of 3 mm square to 24 mm square. In this case, the calculation is performed by sending luminance information from the page scanner to the personal computer,
Processed with crosoft Excel.
【００５５】図９は、画像サイズの対数をｘ座標とし、
変動係数をｙ座標とした場合に、演算の結果得られた測
定結果群座標をプロットしたグラフである。FIG. 9 shows the logarithm of the image size as the x coordinate.
11 is a graph in which the measurement result group coordinates obtained as a result of the calculation are plotted when the variation coefficient is set to the y coordinate.
【００５６】サンプル１の測定結果群座標（図中白丸で
示す）を最小二乗法により一次直線に回帰した場合の直
線Ｌ１の式は、 ｙ＝−０．８８３９ｘ＋４．８７６５ と求められる。よって、ｘ軸と直線Ｌ１との間に形成さ
れる面積ｋMは約８と求められる。ここでは、画像サイ
ズ間の目盛りを１として面積ｋMを算出した。The equation of the straight line L1 when the coordinates of the group of measurement results of the sample 1 (indicated by white circles in the figure) are regressed to a linear line by the least squares method is obtained as y = −0.8839x + 4.8765. Therefore, the area k M formed between the x-axis and the straight line L1 is determined to be about 8. Here, the scale between the image size to calculate the area k M as one.
【００５７】また、基準となるサンプル２の測定結果群
座標（図中三角で示す）を最小二乗法により一次直線に
回帰した場合の直線Ｌ２の式は、 ｙ＝−０．１５５ｘ＋０．９３８５ と求められる。よって、ｘ軸と直線Ｌ２との間に形成さ
れる面積ｋRは約１．６５と求められる。ここでも、画
像サイズ間の目盛りを１として面積ｋRを算出した。When the coordinates (indicated by triangles in the figure) of the measurement result group of the reference sample 2 are regressed to a linear line by the least squares method, the equation of the straight line L2 is obtained as y = −0.155x + 0.9385. Can be Therefore, the area k R formed between the x-axis and the straight line L2 is determined to be about 1.65. Also in this case, the area k R was calculated with the scale between the image sizes as 1.
【００５８】その結果、図７及び図８の目視比較からも
分かるとおり、地合が優れているほど面積が小さくなる
ことが分かった。また、地合指数Ｐ（＝ｋM／ｋR）は約
４．８５となった。この地合指数Ｐにより、基準となる
サンプル２に対するサンプル１の地合を相対的に判断す
ることができた。As a result, as can be seen from the visual comparison of FIGS. 7 and 8, it was found that the area was smaller as the formation was better. Also, the formation index P (= k M / k R ) was about 4.85. Based on the formation index P, the formation of the sample 1 with respect to the reference sample 2 could be relatively determined.
【００５９】[0059]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、被測定物の状態評価を
具体的な数値として表すことにより、被測定物の状態の
定量化を図ることができる状態評価方法及び状態評価装
置が得られる。従って、目視による主観評価と比較して
より客観的な指標が得られるとともに、電子機器を利用
して多数の被測定物の状態評価を、高い信頼性の下で行
うことが可能となる。According to the present invention, a state evaluation method and a state evaluation apparatus capable of quantifying the state of an object to be measured can be obtained by expressing the state evaluation of the object to be measured as specific numerical values. . Therefore, a more objective index can be obtained as compared to the subjective evaluation by visual observation, and the state evaluation of a large number of objects to be measured can be performed with high reliability using the electronic device.
【００６０】また本発明によれば、被測定物に大きなム
ラがある場合であっても、目視と前記面積との間に高い
相関関係があるため、前記面積から状態を評価すること
ができる。Further, according to the present invention, even when there is a large unevenness in the object to be measured, since there is a high correlation between visual observation and the area, the state can be evaluated from the area.
【００６１】更に、本発明によれば、測定サイズが小さ
くても大きくても、被測定物の状態評価にはあまり影響
がなく、小さい測定サイズで被測定物全体の状態を評価
できるため、特殊な装置を必要としない、簡易な状態評
価装置を提供することが可能となる。Further, according to the present invention, whether the measurement size is small or large has little effect on the evaluation of the state of the measured object, and the state of the entire measured object can be evaluated with a small measured size. It is possible to provide a simple state evaluation device that does not require a simple device.
【図１】本発明の実施形態にかかる被測定物の状態評価
装置の構成を概略的に示す斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a configuration of a device for evaluating a state of an object to be measured according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】コンピュータの演算部の構成を模式的に示すブ
ロック図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a calculation unit of the computer.
【図３】本実施形態において、地合を評価する際のデー
タ処理手順を示すフローチャートである。FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a data processing procedure when evaluating formation in the present embodiment.
【図４】図４（ａ）は、所定領域を４つの区画に等分割
した分割例を示す説明図である。また図４（ｂ）は、所
定領域を９つの区画に等分割した分割例を示す説明図で
ある。FIG. 4A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a division example in which a predetermined area is equally divided into four sections. FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram showing a division example in which a predetermined area is equally divided into nine sections.
【図５】測定結果群座標（LogaＳn，ＣＶn）を一次直線
に回帰したときの、x軸と一次直線との間に形成される
面積を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing an area formed between the x-axis and the primary straight line when the measurement result group coordinates (Log a Sn , CV n ) are regressed to a primary straight line.
【図６】測定結果群座標に基づくグラフとｘ軸との間に
形成される面積の算出方法の他の例を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another example of a method for calculating an area formed between a graph based on the measurement result group coordinates and the x-axis.
【図７】実施例におけるサンプル１の状態のイメージを
示す写真である。FIG. 7 is a photograph showing an image of the state of sample 1 in an example.
【図８】実施例におけるサンプル２の状態のイメージを
示す写真である。FIG. 8 is a photograph showing an image of the state of sample 2 in the example.
【図９】実施例において演算処理して得られた両サンプ
ルの測定結果群座標（LogaＳn，ＣＶn）をプロットした
グラフである。FIG. 9 is a graph plotting measurement result group coordinates (Log a Sn , CV n ) of both samples obtained by arithmetic processing in the example.
１…被測定物の状態評価装置、３…シート状物、７…光
源、９…ＣＣＤカメラ、１１…コンピュータ、１３…演
算部、１５…ディスプレイ、１７…変動係数演算部、１
９…画像サイズ変更部、２１…面積演算部、２３…比演
算部、２５…記憶手段。DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Evaluation apparatus of a to-be-measured object, 3 ... Sheet-like thing, 7 ... Light source, 9 ... CCD camera, 11 ... Computer, 13 ... Calculation part, 15 ... Display, 17 ... Variation coefficient calculation part, 1
9: image size changing section, 21: area calculating section, 23: ratio calculating section, 25: storage means.
フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 2G051 AA40 AC01 AC30 CA04 DA06 EA12 EC02 EC03 ED01 ED04 2G059 AA05 BB10 BB15 DD12 EE01 EE02 KK04 MM01 MM02 MM03 MM09 MM10 MM12 3B154 AA09 AA17 AB22 BA53 BC42 CA13 CA23 CA27 DA13 DA30Continued on front page F-term (reference) 2G051 AA40 AC01 AC30 CA04 DA06 EA12 EC02 EC03 ED01 ED04 2G059 AA05 BB10 BB15 DD12 EE01 EE02 KK04 MM01 MM02 MM03 MM09 MM10 MM12 3B154 AA09 AA17 AB13
Claims (16)
領域からの反射光または透過光を受光して輝度情報を取
得する工程と、 前記被測定物の前記所定領域を所定の画像サイズにより
分割し、分割された各区画の輝度値を前記輝度情報に基
づいて算出し、当該各区画の輝度値に基づいて当該所定
の画像サイズに対応する変動係数を算出する工程と、 前記所定の画像サイズの大きさを変えながら前記変動係
数の算出を繰り返す工程と、 複数の前記画像サイズと複数の前記変動係数とに基づい
て測定結果群座標を生成し、生成された該測定結果群座
標を所定平面上にプロットして得られるグラフと所定の
基準線との間に形成される面積を算出する工程と、を含
むことを特徴とする被測定物の状態評価方法。A step of irradiating a predetermined region of the device under test with light and receiving reflected light or transmitted light from the predetermined region to obtain luminance information; and obtaining a predetermined image of the predetermined region of the device under test. Dividing by a size, calculating a luminance value of each divided section based on the luminance information, and calculating a variation coefficient corresponding to the predetermined image size based on the luminance value of each section; Repeating the calculation of the variation coefficient while changing the size of the image size of; generating measurement result group coordinates based on the plurality of image sizes and the plurality of variation coefficients; and generating the generated measurement result group coordinates. Calculating the area formed between a graph obtained by plotting on a predetermined plane and a predetermined reference line.
の対数と前記変動係数とを要素とする座標群により構成
されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の被測定物の状
態評価方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the measurement result group coordinates are constituted by a coordinate group having the logarithm of the image size and the variation coefficient as elements. .
し、得られる直線と前記所定の基準線との間に形成され
る面積を算出することを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項
２に記載の被測定物の状態評価方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coordinates of the measurement result group are regressed to a primary straight line, and an area formed between the obtained straight line and the predetermined reference line is calculated. The method for evaluating a state of an object to be measured according to the description.
を最小二乗法により行うことを特徴とする請求項３に記
載の被測定物の状態評価方法。4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the regression of the measurement result group coordinates to a linear line is performed by a least square method.
の被測定物についての面積との比を算出する工程を更に
含むことを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の
被測定物の状態評価方法。5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of calculating a ratio between the calculated area and a previously obtained area of another object to be measured. A method for evaluating the state of an object to be measured.
各区画の輝度値に基づいて前記所定領域全体の輝度平均
及び標準偏差を算出し、該輝度平均及び該標準偏差に基
づいて変動係数を算出することを特徴とする請求項１〜
５のいずれかに記載の被測定物の状態評価方法。6. In the step of calculating the variation coefficient, a brightness average and a standard deviation of the entire predetermined area are calculated based on the brightness value of each section, and a variation coefficient is calculated based on the brightness average and the standard deviation. Claim 1 characterized by calculating
5. The method for evaluating a state of an object to be measured according to any one of 5.
透過光を複数の光成分に分光して得られた各光成分ごと
の輝度情報を含むことを特徴とする請求項１〜６のいず
れかに記載の被測定物の状態評価方法。7. The luminance information according to claim 1, wherein the luminance information includes luminance information for each light component obtained by dispersing the reflected light or the transmitted light into a plurality of light components. The method for evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to any of the first to third aspects.
ト状物であることを特徴とする請求項１〜７のいずれか
に記載の被測定物の状態評価方法。8. The method for evaluating a state of an object to be measured according to claim 1, wherein the object to be measured is a sheet-like object made of fibers.
反射光または透過光を受光して輝度情報を取得するため
の受光手段と、 前記被測定物の前記所定領域を所定の画像サイズにより
分割し、分割された各区画の輝度値を前記輝度情報に基
づいて算出し、当該各区画の輝度値に基づいて当該所定
の画像サイズに対応する変動係数を算出する第１の演算
手段と、 前記所定の画像サイズの大きさを変更するための変更手
段と、 複数の前記画像サイズと複数の前記変動係数とに基づい
て測定結果群座標を生成し、生成された該測定結果群座
標を所定平面上にプロットして得られるグラフと所定の
基準線との間に形成される面積を算出する第２の演算手
段と、を備えることを特徴とする被測定物の状態評価装
置。9. A light source for irradiating light to an object to be measured, and a light receiving unit for receiving reflected light or transmitted light reflected or transmitted in a predetermined region of the object to obtain luminance information. Dividing the predetermined area of the device under test by a predetermined image size, calculating a luminance value of each divided section based on the luminance information, and calculating the predetermined image size based on the luminance value of each section. First calculating means for calculating a variation coefficient corresponding to: a changing means for changing the size of the predetermined image size; and a measurement result group based on a plurality of the image sizes and a plurality of the variation coefficients. A second calculating means for generating coordinates, and calculating an area formed between a graph obtained by plotting the generated measurement result group coordinates on a predetermined plane and a predetermined reference line. Measured under the characteristics State evaluation device.
ズの対数と前記変動係数とを要素とする座標群により構
成されることを特徴とする請求項９に記載の被測定物の
状態評価装置。10. The device for evaluating the state of a device under test according to claim 9, wherein the coordinates of the measurement result group are constituted by a group of coordinates having the logarithm of the image size and the variation coefficient as elements. .
し、得られる直線と前記所定の基準線との間に形成され
る面積を算出することを特徴とする請求項９又は請求項
１０に記載の被測定物の状態評価装置。11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the measurement result group coordinates are regressed to a primary straight line, and an area formed between the obtained straight line and the predetermined reference line is calculated. An apparatus for evaluating a state of an object to be measured according to the above description.
帰を最小二乗法により行うことを特徴とする請求項１１
に記載の被測定物の状態評価装置。12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the regression of the measurement result group coordinates to a linear line is performed by a least square method.
3. The device for evaluating a state of an object to be measured according to 1.
前記面積と、予め得られた他の被測定物についての面積
との比を算出する第３の演算手段を更に備えることを特
徴とする請求項９〜１２のいずれかに記載の被測定物の
状態評価装置。13. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising: third calculating means for calculating a ratio between the area calculated by the second calculating means and an area of another object to be measured obtained in advance. An apparatus for evaluating a state of an object to be measured according to any one of claims 9 to 12.
輝度値に基づいて前記所定領域全体の輝度平均及び標準
偏差を算出し、該輝度平均及び該標準偏差に基づいて変
動係数を算出することを特徴とする請求項９〜１３のい
ずれかに記載の被測定物の状態評価装置。14. The first calculating means calculates a luminance average and a standard deviation of the entire predetermined area based on the luminance value of each section, and calculates a variation coefficient based on the luminance average and the standard deviation. 14. The device for evaluating a state of an object to be measured according to claim 9, wherein:
記透過光を複数の光成分に分光して得られた各光成分ご
との輝度情報を含むことを特徴とする請求項９〜１４の
いずれかに記載の被測定物の状態評価装置。15. The method according to claim 9, wherein the luminance information includes luminance information for each light component obtained by dispersing the reflected light or the transmitted light into a plurality of light components. A device for evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to any one of the above.
ート状物であることを特徴とする請求項９〜１５のいず
れかに記載の被測定物の状態評価装置。16. The device for evaluating the state of an object to be measured according to claim 9, wherein the object to be measured is a sheet-like object made of fibers.
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