JP2002125481A - Greenhouse for agrochemical-free culture and its ventilation method - Google Patents
Greenhouse for agrochemical-free culture and its ventilation methodInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002125481A JP2002125481A JP2000330426A JP2000330426A JP2002125481A JP 2002125481 A JP2002125481 A JP 2002125481A JP 2000330426 A JP2000330426 A JP 2000330426A JP 2000330426 A JP2000330426 A JP 2000330426A JP 2002125481 A JP2002125481 A JP 2002125481A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- outside air
- greenhouse
- house
- opening
- pesticide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
Landscapes
- Greenhouses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、無農薬農作物を栽
培するグリーンハウスに関し、さらに詳しくは該ハウス
から外部へ通じる全ての経路にバリアーを設けて病害虫
の室内への侵入を阻止する無農薬グリーンハウスとその
換気方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a greenhouse for cultivating pesticide-free crops, and more particularly, to a greenhouse for preventing pests and insects from entering a room by providing barriers on all paths from the house to the outside. House and its ventilation.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、人々の健康志向が昂まり、食生活
においては無農薬による農作物の要求が強く、今後益
々、この要求は強くなる傾向にある。一方、農作物の生
産は、地域、天候、季節、土壌および連作などによって
左右され、程度の差はあるが無農薬で恒常的に確実に農
産物を生産することは不可能であり、特に、高温多湿な
気候の日本では、無農薬栽培は困難と云われ続けられて
きた。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, people's health consciousness has increased, and in their eating habits, there has been a strong demand for agricultural products without pesticides, and this demand will tend to increase in the future. On the other hand, the production of agricultural products depends on the region, weather, season, soil and continuous cropping, and it is impossible to produce agricultural products constantly and reliably without pesticides. It has been said that pesticide-free cultivation has been difficult in Japan with a mild climate.
【０００３】このような中で閉鎖型人工光利用植物栽培
システムは農作物の無農薬栽培を可能とするものである
が、設備費および管理費などで生産コストが非常に高く
なり、一般的農業技術としての普及は阻まれており、将
来的にも生産する品種は限られたものとならざるを得な
い。このことから、太陽光を利用したエアードーム型ハ
ウスや通常の温室での無農薬農作物が期待されている。[0003] Under such circumstances, the closed-type artificial light-based plant cultivation system enables the cultivation of agricultural crops without pesticides, but the production cost is extremely high due to equipment costs and management costs. As a result, the variety that can be produced in the future must be limited. For this reason, pesticide-free crops in an air-dome type house or a normal greenhouse using sunlight are expected.
【０００４】しかしながら、エアードーム型ハウスは外
気を封入して形状を保つ自然排気であり、温度調節が難
しく、特に夏場の高温時には農産物の生産は難しい。ま
た、温室設計による通常のハウスは、室内の温度上昇を
防ぐ手段として、換気量を如何に多くするかに配慮され
て、側窓や天窓が設けられて外部への開口部は広くなっ
ており、該開口部の開閉は手動または自動により行われ
ている。しかし、この開口部を広くすることは、取りも
直さず、害虫や雑菌が付着した土埃などが該開口部から
自由に入り込み、外界と同じ病害虫条件となることを意
味し、しかも、換気するのに排気ファンを用いるときに
は、害虫や雑菌が付着した土埃などが吸引され、積極的
に室内に取り込む形となっている。[0004] However, the air dome type house is a natural exhaust which keeps the shape by enclosing the outside air, and it is difficult to control the temperature, and it is particularly difficult to produce agricultural products at high temperatures in summer. In addition, ordinary houses with a greenhouse design are provided with side windows and skylights to increase the amount of ventilation as a means to prevent indoor temperature rise, and the opening to the outside is wide. The opening and closing of the opening is performed manually or automatically. However, widening this opening means that the pests and dust and the like to which germs adhere are free to enter through the opening, and the same pest conditions as those of the outside world are obtained. When an exhaust fan is used, dust and the like to which pests and germs adhere are sucked and actively taken into the room.
【０００５】このことは、ハウス内の過密な植栽と相ま
って、オンシツコナジラミ、アブラムシ、ヨトウムシな
どの有害生物、Phytophthora、Pythium、Fusariumおよ
びその他の有害微生物が発生・増殖しやすい環境を形成
することになり、殺菌剤や殺虫剤などの農薬散布をしな
い限り、販売可能な農作物は得られないと云われてい
る。なお、開口部からの病害虫の侵入を防止するため
に、該開口部を寒冷紗などで覆う方法もあるが、開口部
が広く、寒冷紗などのセットやこれに付着する塵埃除去
や張り替えなどの管理費が大変であった。[0005] This, coupled with overcrowding in the house, creates an environment in which pests such as whiteflies, aphids, and beetles, Phytophthora, Pythium, Fusarium, and other harmful microorganisms are easily generated and proliferated. It is said that unless a pesticide such as a bactericide or an insecticide is sprayed, a marketable crop cannot be obtained. In order to prevent pests from entering through the opening, there is a method of covering the opening with a cold gauze, etc. Was difficult.
【０００６】また、上記通常のハウスの出入り口は該ハ
ウス妻面にあり、病害虫対策が取られていなく、作業
員、農機具およびその他の物品の出入りに伴い、それら
に付着してハウス内に持ち込まれる病害虫などについて
も同様に問題視される課題であった。さらに、一般に、
通常のハウスには排水溝が設けられているが、ここから
侵入する害虫や小動物が持ち込む病害虫も問題視されて
いた。[0006] The doorway of the above-mentioned ordinary house is located on the wives' side of the house, and no countermeasures against pests are taken. When workers, farm equipment and other articles come and go, they are attached to the house and brought into the house. Pests and the like have also been problems. Furthermore, in general,
Drains are provided in ordinary houses, but pests that enter there and pests brought in by small animals have been regarded as a problem.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従って、本発明の目的
は、上記事情に鑑み、開口部を天窓のみとして少なく
し、外界の害虫や雑菌が付着した土埃などが、開口部か
ら入り込むことがなく、作業員、農機具およびその他の
物品の出入りに伴い病害虫がそれらに付着して持ち込ま
れず、また、病害虫の侵入やそれらを持ち込む小動物の
排水溝からの侵入を阻止し、殺菌剤や殺虫剤などの農薬
散布を施さなくても農作物が得られる無農薬用グリーン
ハウスを提供することである。また、本発明の目的は、
病害虫が侵入しない無農薬用グリーンハウスの換気方法
を提供することである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, in view of the above circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to reduce the number of openings only by skylights so that dust and the like to which external pests and germs adhere can be prevented from entering through the openings. In addition, pests do not adhere to and carry in with workers, agricultural equipment, and other items as they enter and exit, and also prevent the invasion of pests and the invasion of small animals that carry them through drains, as well as disinfectants and pesticides. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pesticide-free greenhouse in which agricultural products can be obtained without applying pesticides. The object of the present invention is
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for ventilating a pesticide-free greenhouse in which pests do not enter.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的は、以下の本発
明によって達成される。すなわち、本発明は、屋根に設
けられた開閉機能を有する排気手段、土壌面の上方に位
置し土壌面にほぼ平行にある暖冷気分離用カーテン、外
気導入用ファン、外気濾過用フィルター、出入り用暗室
および水封式排水手段とを備えていることを特徴とする
無農薬用グリーンハウスを提供する。The above object is achieved by the present invention described below. That is, the present invention provides an exhaust means having an opening / closing function provided on a roof, a curtain for warm / cool air separation located above the soil surface and almost parallel to the soil surface, a fan for outside air introduction, a filter for outside air filtration, A pesticide-free greenhouse comprising a dark room and a water-sealed drainage means.
【０００９】また、本発明は、上記本発明の無農薬用グ
リーンハウスの換気方法において、該グリーンハウス内
に、外気導入用ファンを用いて、外気濾過用フィルター
を通して病害虫を除去した清浄な外気を送り込み、該ハ
ウス内を常に正圧に保ちながら排気手段の開閉を行うこ
とを特徴とする無農薬用グリーンハウスの換気方法を提
供する。Further, the present invention provides the method for ventilating a pesticide-free green house according to the present invention, wherein the green house is provided with a clean outside air from which pests have been removed through an outside air filtration filter using an outside air introduction fan. A method of ventilating a greenhouse for pesticide-free, characterized in that the exhaust means is opened and closed while always sending the house and keeping the inside of the house at a positive pressure.
【００１０】本発明者は、上記した従来技術の問題点を
解消すべく鋭意検討を行った結果、栽培用のハウスから
外部へ通じる全ての経路にバリアーを設け、該ハウス内
に、フィルターを通して病害虫を除いた清浄な外気を送
り込み、該ハウス内を常に正圧に保ちながら屋根に設け
た開口手段を開閉して換気すると、開口部を少なくで
き、病害虫の室内への侵入を阻止できるとの知見を得て
本発明に至った。The present inventor has conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and as a result, provided barriers on all the paths leading from the cultivation house to the outside, and inside the house through a filter, the disease and pests were passed. It is found that if clean outside air is sent out, and the inside of the house is always kept at a positive pressure and the opening means provided on the roof is opened and closed to ventilate, the number of openings can be reduced and pests and insects can be prevented from entering the room. And obtained the present invention.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】次に、発明の実施の形態を挙げて
本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。本発明の無農薬用グリ
ーンハウス（以下、グリーンハウスという）は、本体が
木製、鋼製、アルミ製或いは樹脂製からなる屋根の形状
をドーム型或いは家形などにした駆体に、植物にとって
必要な光合成に支障のない透明な或いは支障のない色に
着色された材質、例えば、ガラス、硬質プラスチックお
よびプラスチックフィルムなどが取り付けられて密閉ま
たは密閉に近い構造になっており、該本体に、屋根頂部
には開閉機能を有する排気手段、暖冷気分離用カーテ
ン、ダクト、外気導入用ファン、外気濾過用フィルタ
ー、出入り用暗室および水封式排水設備とが設置された
構造となっている。Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to embodiments of the present invention. The greenhouse for pesticide-free use (hereinafter referred to as a greenhouse) of the present invention is necessary for plants, as a body whose main body is made of wood, steel, aluminum or resin and whose roof shape is a dome shape or a house shape. A material that is colored in a transparent or color that does not hinder photosynthesis, such as glass, hard plastic, and a plastic film, is attached and has a closed or nearly-closed structure. Has a structure in which an exhaust means having an opening / closing function, a curtain for hot / cold air separation, a duct, a fan for introducing outside air, a filter for filtering outside air, a dark room for entering and exiting, and a water sealing type drainage facility are installed.
【００１２】なお、グリーンハウスには、温度計或いは
外気との差圧を監視する差圧計などの計器が適宜必要に
応じて取り付けられており、また、散水装置や室温上昇
用の温風吹き込み装置などの通常用いられる付属装置が
必要に応じて設置されている。In addition, instruments such as a thermometer or a differential pressure gauge for monitoring a differential pressure between the outside air and the like are attached to the green house as necessary, and a water sprinkler or a hot air blowing device for raising the room temperature is provided. Commonly used accessories such as are installed as needed.
【００１３】屋根に設けられる開閉機能を有する排気手
段は、屋根の頂部に取り付けられ、グリーンハウス内の
外部への排気が効率よく行われるように配慮され、その
開口形状は、排気が効率よく行われれば帯状または円形
などを問わず自由に設計できる。そして、その開口部に
寒冷紗などのメッシュ状の網を設けると、外部からの害
虫の侵入を阻止できる。また、開閉機能としては、スラ
イド式或いは一辺または一ケ所を支点として開閉するダ
ンパー式などが挙げられ、状況に応じて適宜選択して採
用される。なお、排気手段の開閉の程度はグリーンハウ
ス内の温度や正圧などの状況によって調整できる。The exhaust means having an opening / closing function provided on the roof is attached to the top of the roof so that the exhaust to the outside of the green house can be efficiently performed. If it can be done, it can be designed freely irrespective of the shape of a band or a circle. When a mesh net such as a cold gauze is provided in the opening, invasion of pests from the outside can be prevented. Examples of the opening / closing function include a sliding type and a damper type that opens and closes with one side or one fulcrum as a fulcrum. The degree of opening and closing of the exhaust means can be adjusted depending on the temperature and the positive pressure in the green house.
【００１４】本発明のグリーンハウスを構成する暖冷気
分離用カーテンは、栽培する植物の上方部に、好ましく
は上方にある横梁に近在してほぼ平行に、栽培する植物
の範囲全般に渡って設けられる天井幕である。そして、
暖冷気分離用カーテンは害虫を通さない通気孔が暖気の
流通を阻害しない程度に多数設けられた植物の光合成に
支障を及ぼさない透明な或いは着色されたものからなっ
ている。その素材には、例えば、プラスチックフィルム
および硬質プラスチックなどが挙げられる。また、該分
離用カーテンには、植物の光合成に支障のないメッシュ
状のものも使用できる。The curtain for separating hot and cold air constituting the green house of the present invention is provided over the plant to be cultivated, preferably substantially parallel to the upper cross beam, over the whole range of the plant to be cultivated. It is a ceiling curtain provided. And
The hot / cold air separating curtain is made of a transparent or colored material which does not hinder the photosynthesis of plants, which are provided in such a large number that ventilation holes which do not pass through the pests do not hinder the flow of warm air. Examples of the material include a plastic film and a hard plastic. In addition, a mesh-like curtain that does not hinder photosynthesis of plants can be used as the separation curtain.
【００１５】天井幕となる暖冷気分離用カーテンは、グ
リーンハウス内の温度が植物の栽培適温を越えたとき
に、暖気を該分離用カーテンの通気孔から該分離用カー
テンの裏側になる天井裏に上昇させ、ハウス内の下部よ
り導入される外部の冷気とハウス内の暖気とを分離する
ので、グリーンハウス内を、植物栽培に適した温度に調
整することが容易になる。また、暖気のみが天井裏に集
められ外部へ排出されるので、ハウス内の換気効率が向
上する。さらに、万一、排気手段の開閉機能の開閉にト
ラブルが生じ、これに網の破損が重なったときでも、排
気手段からの害虫の侵入は暖冷気分離用カーテン上でス
トップされ、グリーンハウス内への害虫の侵入は防止さ
れる。[0015] The curtain for separating warm and cold air, which serves as a ceiling curtain, is configured such that when the temperature in the green house exceeds a suitable temperature for plant cultivation, warm air is passed from the ventilation hole of the separating curtain to the back side of the separating curtain. And the warm air in the house is separated from the cool air outside introduced from the lower part in the house, so that the temperature in the green house can be easily adjusted to a temperature suitable for plant cultivation. In addition, since only warm air is collected behind the ceiling and discharged to the outside, the ventilation efficiency in the house is improved. Furthermore, even in the event that the opening and closing function of the exhaust means opens and closes, and the damage of the net overlaps with this, the entry of pests from the exhaust means is stopped on the warm / cool air separation curtain and the greenhouse Infestation of pests is prevented.
【００１６】外気導入用ファンはグリーンハウス内に外
気を送り込む。外気濾過用フィルターはグリーンハウス
内に送り込まれる外気を濾過して、外気中の雑菌が付着
した土埃や病害虫を除去する。その材質や形状は外気中
の雑菌が付着した土埃や害虫を除去できれば何でもよ
く、その取り付け位置は外気導入用ファンの吸引側或い
は吐出後に分岐するダクト内に適宜選択されてセットさ
れる。該フィルターは清掃や取り替え作業を容易にする
ためには、外気導入用ファンの吸引側、すなわち、グリ
ーンハウスの外側にセットすることが好ましい。The outside air introduction fan sends outside air into the green house. The outside air filtration filter filters the outside air sent into the green house, and removes dust and pests to which various bacteria in the outside air adhere. Any material or shape may be used as long as it can remove dirt and pests to which various bacteria in the outside air are attached. The mounting position is appropriately selected and set on the suction side of the outside air introduction fan or in a duct branched after discharge. In order to facilitate the cleaning and replacement work, the filter is preferably set on the suction side of the outside air introduction fan, that is, outside the green house.
【００１７】ダクトは必要に応じて外気導入用ファン後
に分岐してグリーンハウス内の地面に接し或いは近在し
て設けられる。なお、ダクトには外気を吐出する多数の
開孔が設けられており、外気をグリーンハウス内に送り
込むようになっている。また、それぞれの開孔の大きさ
や形状または位置は、吐出する外気がグリーンハウス内
の暖気を一様に押し上げるようにすることができればよ
い。例えば、ダクトの断面形状が円形であれば、開孔の
位置を、ダクトの中心を通る水平位置よりやや上部に位
置するところにして、外気を自然にゆっくりと上向き方
向に吐出させることができる。また、該ダクトは、温風
吹き込み設備を設置したときの温風吹き込み用として兼
用できる。The duct may be provided after the fan for introducing outside air, if necessary, in contact with or close to the ground in the greenhouse. The duct is provided with a number of openings for discharging outside air, and the outside air is sent into the green house. Further, the size, shape or position of each opening may be any as long as the discharged outside air can uniformly push up the warm air in the greenhouse. For example, if the cross-sectional shape of the duct is circular, the position of the opening can be set slightly higher than the horizontal position passing through the center of the duct, and the outside air can be spontaneously and slowly discharged upward. The duct can also be used for blowing hot air when hot air blowing equipment is installed.
【００１８】出入り用暗室は、どのような箇所に設けて
もよいが、日陰になる北側壁面に設置するのが好まし
い。作業員のグリーンハウスへの出入り口を暗室とする
ことにより、虫は光に集まる性質があることから、害虫
は作業員や物などに付着してハウス内に持ち込まれるこ
とはなくなる。なお、暗室には外部からの出入り口とグ
リーンハウス内への出入り口が付いている。従って、作
業員の出入り時に、外気が直接グリーンハウス内へ侵入
することはない。また、該暗室には、グリーンハウス内
に害虫が持ち込まれないように、入口に近いところに虫
忌避ランプを設置したり、ライトラップの如き殺虫機を
設けることができる。また、外側の出入り用扉の外側に
簾やカーテンなどを設けて、害虫が人や荷物に付着して
グリーンハウスに侵入するのを阻止できる。荷物専用の
搬出入口についても二重扉としてその間は暗室とするこ
とが好ましい。The entry / exit darkroom may be provided at any location, but is preferably provided on the northern side wall which is shaded. By making the doorway of the worker into the greenhouse a dark room, insects have a property of gathering light, so that pests do not adhere to workers or objects and are brought into the house. The dark room has an entrance from outside and an entrance to the green house. Therefore, outside air does not directly enter the greenhouse when workers enter or leave. Further, in the dark room, an insect repelling lamp can be installed near the entrance or an insecticide such as a light wrap can be provided so as to prevent pests from being brought into the green house. In addition, a curtain, curtain, or the like may be provided on the outside of the outside door to prevent pests from attaching to people or luggage and entering the green house. It is preferable that the loading / unloading entrance dedicated to the luggage is also a double door and a dark room is provided therebetween.
【００１９】水封式排水装置には、例えば、その形状が
箱状をなし、その上部付近と底部付近にはそれぞれ開口
部が設けられ、排水が底部の開口部に導かれ、上部の開
口部から排水されるピット型が挙げられる。そして、そ
のピット型は地下に埋設されて使用される。埋設に際し
ては、ピットの上部がグリーンハウスの地面に面合わせ
して埋設され、グリーンハウスにおける排水はピットの
下方の開口部に連結した排水管を通し、該ピットの上方
に設けた開口部の排水口から排出される、所謂、水封式
となる。従って、グリーンハウスから外部へ通ずる排水
経路はピット内の水によって障壁が設けられることにな
り、排水経路における外部からの病害虫の侵入は困難と
なり、水中を経由して侵入可能な害虫に対してはピット
に殺虫剤を定期的に施用することで侵入を阻止すること
ができる。なお、ピット内に金網などの障壁を設けるこ
とによりネズミなどの小動物が侵入することはない。ま
た、排水が一ケ所に集められるので、排水処理が容易に
なる。また、ピットには蓋がされる。The water ring type drainage device has, for example, a box-like shape, and has openings near its upper portion and near its bottom. Drainage is guided to the opening at the bottom and the opening at the upper portion. Pit type drained from water. And the pit type is buried underground and used. At the time of burial, the upper part of the pit is buried so as to face the ground of the greenhouse, and drainage in the greenhouse passes through a drain pipe connected to the opening below the pit, and drains from the opening provided above the pit. It is a so-called water seal type that is discharged from the mouth. Therefore, the drainage route leading from the greenhouse to the outside will be provided with a barrier by the water in the pit, making it difficult for pests to enter from the outside in the drainage route. Intrusion can be prevented by regularly applying pesticides to the pits. By providing a barrier such as a wire net in the pit, small animals such as rats do not enter. Further, since the wastewater is collected in one place, the wastewater treatment becomes easy. The pit is covered with a lid.
【００２０】次に、グリーンハウスの換気方法について
説明する。本発明のグリーンハウス内の温度を調節する
ために行う換気は、グリーンハウス内の温度が植栽に適
した温度範囲を越えると、外気導入用ファンを駆動さ
せ、外気濾過用フィルターによって雑菌を含む土埃や害
虫が除去された清浄な外気の冷気を、地面に接して或い
は近在して設けられたダクトを介して該ハウス内に送り
込み、該ハウス内を正圧にする。そして、該ハウス内が
正圧に、特に、屋根に取り付けられた排気手段の直下が
正圧になることを確かめてから、排気手段を開き暖気を
外部へ排出させる。この暖気の排出は該ハウス内の温度
が植栽に適した温度範囲に下がるまで続けられ、適温に
なってから排気手段が閉められ、次いで、外気導入用フ
ァンが停止される。従って、排気手段の開閉時における
暖気は、該ハウス内が常に正圧に保たれているので、グ
リーンハウス内から外に向かう一方通行の流れとなり、
この流れに逆らって病害虫は侵入できない。なお、上記
の一連の動作は手動または自動で行うことができる。ま
た、温度計や差圧計などの管理計器は適宜必要箇所に設
けられる。さらに、外気導入用ファンは排気手段を閉鎖
してから一定時間おいて停止させることができる。Next, the ventilation method of the green house will be described. Ventilation performed to adjust the temperature in the greenhouse of the present invention, when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds the temperature range suitable for planting, drives the outside air introduction fan, and includes various bacteria by the outside air filtration filter. The clean cold air from which dust and pests have been removed is sent into the house through a duct provided in contact with or near the ground to make the inside of the house a positive pressure. Then, after confirming that the inside of the house has a positive pressure, particularly, that the pressure just below the exhaust means attached to the roof has a positive pressure, the exhaust means is opened to release warm air to the outside. The discharge of the warm air is continued until the temperature in the house falls to a temperature range suitable for planting. After the temperature reaches the appropriate temperature, the exhaust means is closed, and then the outside air introducing fan is stopped. Therefore, the warm air at the time of opening and closing the exhaust means is a one-way flow from the green house to the outside because the inside of the house is always kept at a positive pressure,
Pests cannot penetrate against this flow. The above series of operations can be performed manually or automatically. In addition, management instruments such as a thermometer and a differential pressure gauge are provided where necessary. Further, the outside air introduction fan can be stopped at a fixed time after closing the exhaust means.
【００２１】[0021]
【実施例】次に、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的
に説明する。本発明のグリーンハウスの一例として、図
１に北側の妻側から見た概略的正面図を示す。１はグリ
ーンハウス、２は屋根に設けられた排気手段である天
窓、３は天窓に付帯する開閉ダンパー、４は暖冷気分離
用カーテン、５は外気導入用ファン（吸気側に外気濾過
用フィルターを備えている）、７はグリーンハウスへの
出入り用暗室および８は水封式排水装置である。図２
は、図１における屋根部分を除いた概略的平面図を示
し、６は外気濾過用フィルターおよび９はダクトであ
る。なお、グリーンハウス１は出入り用暗室７が北側壁
面に設けられて南北に配置する。Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. As an example of the green house of the present invention, FIG. 1 shows a schematic front view seen from the north wife side. 1 is a green house, 2 is a skylight which is an exhaust means provided on a roof, 3 is an opening / closing damper attached to the skylight, 4 is a curtain for separating hot and cold air, 5 is a fan for introducing outside air (a filter for filtering outside air is provided on the intake side). , 7 is a dark room for entering and leaving the green house, and 8 is a water ring type drainage device. FIG.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view excluding the roof part in FIG. 1, 6 is a filter for filtering outside air, and 9 is a duct. In addition, the greenhouse 1 has a dark room 7 for access, which is provided on the north side wall surface, and is arranged north and south.
【００２２】グリーンハウス１の本体は、図示されてい
ないが軽量鋼による駆体とアルミ部材とからなり、該ア
ルミ部材にガラス板や透明な硬質プラスチック板が、嵌
合式、ビス、接着剤などにより配設固定され、一部は地
面に埋められて密閉されている。排気手段である天窓２
は屋根の両傾斜に沿ってそれぞれ設けられたダンパー
３，３を有し、そのダンパー３，３の形状は矩形の板状
をなし、その長手方向はグリーンハウス１の本体の長手
方向に一致させて設けられている。なお、図示されてい
ないが、それぞれのダンパー３，３にはそれを開閉する
ための手動式や電動式の開閉装置が必要箇所に設けられ
ており、ダンパー３，３を閉めた状態ではグリーンハウ
ス１は密閉状態になる。The main body of the greenhouse 1 is composed of a light steel (not shown) and an aluminum member, and a glass plate or a transparent hard plastic plate is fitted on the aluminum member by a fitting method, a screw, an adhesive or the like. It is arranged and fixed, partly buried in the ground and sealed. Skylight 2 as exhaust means
Has dampers 3 and 3 respectively provided along both slopes of the roof, and the shape of the dampers 3 and 3 is a rectangular plate shape, the longitudinal direction of which corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the main body of the green house 1. It is provided. Although not shown, each damper 3, 3 is provided with a manual or electric opening / closing device for opening and closing the damper 3, 3 at a required position. 1 is closed.
【００２３】そして、天窓２のそれぞれの開口部には害
虫侵入阻止用の金網１０がそれぞれセットしてある。暖
冷気分離用カーテン４は通気孔が多数設けられた透明な
硬質プラスチック板が室内全域に渡って鋼製の横梁に沿
って固定されている。外気導入用ファン５はグリーンハ
ウス１の本体の北側に設けられ、その吸気側に濾布で構
成された外気濾過用フィルター６が設けられている。そ
して、その吐出側は途中で分岐する円形のダクト９に接
続している。室内における円形のダクト９は地面に近在
して設けられ、該ダクト９の面には開孔が多数設けられ
ている。出入り用暗室７はグリーンハウス１の本体の北
側面の端に設けられ、外部からの出入り用扉１２とグリ
ーンハウス内への出入り用扉１３が設けられている。At the respective openings of the skylight 2, wire meshes 10 for preventing pest infestation are set. The curtain 4 for hot / cold air separation has a transparent hard plastic plate provided with a large number of ventilation holes fixed along a steel cross beam over the entire area of the room. The outside air introduction fan 5 is provided on the north side of the main body of the green house 1, and an outside air filtration filter 6 made of a filter cloth is provided on the intake side thereof. The discharge side is connected to a circular duct 9 that branches off in the middle. A circular duct 9 in the room is provided close to the ground, and a large number of openings are provided on the surface of the duct 9. The dark room 7 for access is provided at the end of the north side of the main body of the green house 1, and a door 12 for entering from outside and a door 13 for entering into the green house are provided.
【００２４】水封式排水装置として上記記載した下部か
ら注入された排水が上部から排水するピットがその上部
を地面に合わして埋設されている。なお、図示されてい
ないが、操作盤が外気導入用ファン５のそばに設置され
ており、温度センサーと差圧計がグリーンハウス１のほ
ぼ中央と天井裏とにそれぞれセットされてあり、操作盤
のところで読み取れるようにしてある。また、散水装置
も設けられている。A pit for draining water injected from the lower part as described above as a water-seal type drainage apparatus is drained from the upper part, and the pit is buried so that the upper part thereof is flush with the ground. Although not shown, an operation panel is installed near the outside air introduction fan 5, and a temperature sensor and a differential pressure gauge are set almost at the center of the green house 1 and behind the ceiling, respectively. By the way, it can be read. A sprinkler is also provided.
【００２５】グリーンハウス１の換気は、温度センサー
が植栽に適した温度範囲を越えた温度を示すときに、外
気導入用ファン５を駆動させ、外気濾過用フィルター６
によって雑菌を含む土埃や害虫が除去された清浄な外気
の冷気を地面に近在して設けられたダクト９を介して該
ハウス１内に送り込む。そして、差圧計によって天井裏
が正圧になるのを差圧計で確認してから、開閉装置を働
かせ、排気手段を開き暖気を外部へ排出させる。この暖
気の排出は該ハウス内の温度が植栽に適した温度範囲に
下がるまで続けられる。そして、適温になってから排気
手段が閉められ、次いで、時間をおいて外気導入用ファ
ンは停止される。When the temperature sensor indicates a temperature exceeding the temperature range suitable for planting, the ventilation of the green house 1 is started by driving the outside air introduction fan 5 and the outside air filtration filter 6.
As a result, clean cold air from which dust and pests including various germs have been removed is sent into the house 1 through a duct 9 provided close to the ground. Then, after confirming by the differential pressure gauge that the space above the ceiling becomes a positive pressure, the opening and closing device is operated to open the exhaust means and discharge the warm air to the outside. This discharge of the warm air is continued until the temperature in the house falls to a temperature range suitable for planting. Then, after the temperature becomes appropriate, the exhaust means is closed, and then the external air introduction fan is stopped after a while.
【００２６】[0026]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
開口部を天窓のみとして少なくし、外界の害虫や雑菌が
付着した土埃などが、開口部から入り込むことがなく、
作業員、農機具およびその他の物品の出入りに伴い、病
害虫がそれらに付着して持ち込まれず、また、病害虫を
持ち込む小動物の排水溝からの侵入を阻止し、殺菌剤や
殺虫剤などの農薬散布をすることなく、農作物が得られ
る無農薬用グリーンハウスを提供できる。また、本発明
によれば、病害虫が侵入しない無農薬用グリーンハウス
の換気方法を提供することができる。As described above, according to the present invention,
The number of openings is reduced to skylights only, so that dust and dirt to which external pests and germs have adhered can be prevented from entering through the openings.
As workers, agricultural equipment and other goods enter and leave, pests do not adhere to them and are prevented from entering small animals that carry pests through drains and spray pesticides such as fungicides and pesticides. Thus, it is possible to provide a pesticide-free greenhouse from which agricultural products can be obtained. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for ventilating a pesticide-free green house in which no pests enter.
【図１】 本発明の南北に建設された無農薬用グリーン
ハウスの北側の妻側から見た概略的正面図。FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a pesticide-free greenhouse constructed on the north and south sides of the present invention, as viewed from the wife side on the north side.
【図２】 図１における屋根部分を除いた本発明の無農
薬用グリーンハウスの概略的平面図。FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the pesticide-free greenhouse of the present invention except for a roof portion in FIG.
１：無農薬用グリーンハウス ２：屋根に設けられた排気手段（天窓） ３：排気口（天窓）に付帯する開閉ダンパー ４：暖冷気分離用カーテン ５：外気導入用ファン ６：外気濾過用フィルター ７：出入り用暗室 ８：水封式排水装置（ピット） ９：ダクト １０：金網 １１：横梁 １２：外部からの出入り用扉 １３：無農薬用グリーンハウスへの出入り用扉 １４：無農薬用グリーンハウスが位置する方向を示す標
識1: Greenhouse for pesticide-free use 2: Exhaust means (skylight) provided on the roof 3: Opening / closing damper attached to the exhaust outlet (skylight) 4: Curtain for warm / cold air separation 5: Fan for outside air introduction 6: Filter for outside air filtration 7: Dark room for access 8: Water seal type drainage device (pit) 9: Duct 10: Wire mesh 11: Cross beam 12: Door for entering and exiting from outside 13: Door for entering and exiting the greenhouse for pesticide-free 14: Green for pesticide-free Sign indicating the direction where the house is located
Claims (4)
手段、土壌面の上方に位置し土壌面にほぼ平行にある暖
冷気分離用カーテン、外気導入用ファン、外気濾過用フ
ィルター、出入り用暗室および水封式排水手段とを備え
ていることを特徴とする無農薬用グリーンハウス。1. An exhaust means having an opening / closing function provided on a roof, a curtain for warm / cool air separation located above a soil surface and almost parallel to the soil surface, a fan for outside air introduction, a filter for outside air filtration, a dark room for entrance and exit. And a water-sealed drainage means.
窓である請求項１に記載の無農薬用グリーンハウス。2. The pesticide-free greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust means is a skylight provided with an opening / closing damper.
る請求項１または２に記載の無農薬用グリーンハウス。3. The greenhouse for pesticide-free products according to claim 1, wherein the dark room for access is provided on the north side wall surface.
薬用グリーンハウスの換気方法において、該グリーンハ
ウス内に、外気導入用ファンを用いて、外気濾過用フィ
ルターを通して病害虫を除去した清浄な外気を送り込
み、該ハウス内を常に正圧に保ちながら排気手段の開閉
を行うことを特徴とする無農薬用グリーンハウスの換気
方法。4. The method for ventilating a pesticide-free greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a pest is removed through a filter for filtering outside air using a fan for introducing outside air into the greenhouse. A method for ventilating a pesticide-free green house, characterized in that the exhaust means is opened and closed while keeping the inside of the house constantly maintained at a positive pressure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000330426A JP3631954B2 (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2000-10-30 | Pesticide-free green house and its ventilation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000330426A JP3631954B2 (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2000-10-30 | Pesticide-free green house and its ventilation method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002125481A true JP2002125481A (en) | 2002-05-08 |
| JP3631954B2 JP3631954B2 (en) | 2005-03-23 |
Family
ID=18806950
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000330426A Expired - Fee Related JP3631954B2 (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2000-10-30 | Pesticide-free green house and its ventilation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3631954B2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20040051705A (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-06-19 | 이태현 | Ventilating apparatus and vinyl house including ventilating portion |
| JP2007330121A (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2007-12-27 | Tokan Kogyo Co Ltd | Method for cultivating white asparagus, and covering film used for the method |
| JP2010273601A (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-09 | Fulta Electric Machinery Co Ltd | Air distribution system of greenhouse for shelf cultivation |
| CN103907449A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-09 | 吴水森 | Method for planting more than four or five seasons of rice in one year |
| CN111039400A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-04-21 | 孙志华 | Cold-proof ventilating heat-insulating subsurface flow type artificial wetland system |
| CN114303739A (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2022-04-12 | 吴少添 | Greenhouse ventilation device for intelligent agriculture |
-
2000
- 2000-10-30 JP JP2000330426A patent/JP3631954B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20040051705A (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-06-19 | 이태현 | Ventilating apparatus and vinyl house including ventilating portion |
| JP2007330121A (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2007-12-27 | Tokan Kogyo Co Ltd | Method for cultivating white asparagus, and covering film used for the method |
| JP2010273601A (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-09 | Fulta Electric Machinery Co Ltd | Air distribution system of greenhouse for shelf cultivation |
| CN103907449A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-09 | 吴水森 | Method for planting more than four or five seasons of rice in one year |
| CN111039400A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-04-21 | 孙志华 | Cold-proof ventilating heat-insulating subsurface flow type artificial wetland system |
| CN114303739A (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2022-04-12 | 吴少添 | Greenhouse ventilation device for intelligent agriculture |
| CN114303739B (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2023-10-24 | 黑龙江旭丰金秋农业科技有限公司 | Greenhouse ventilation device for intelligent agriculture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3631954B2 (en) | 2005-03-23 |
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