JP2002059214A - Extruding method - Google Patents
Extruding methodInfo
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- JP2002059214A JP2002059214A JP2000244237A JP2000244237A JP2002059214A JP 2002059214 A JP2002059214 A JP 2002059214A JP 2000244237 A JP2000244237 A JP 2000244237A JP 2000244237 A JP2000244237 A JP 2000244237A JP 2002059214 A JP2002059214 A JP 2002059214A
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、押出し加工方法、
なかでも孔ダイスを用いて線材、棒鋼や鋼線といった中
実鋼材を押出し加工する方法に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an extrusion processing method,
In particular, the present invention relates to a method of extruding a solid steel material such as a wire rod, a steel bar or a steel wire using a hole die.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】断面形状が円形の中実鋼材のうち線材や
棒鋼は、圧延などの「１次加工」によって所望の寸法
（直径）に仕上げられた後、更に、「２、３次加工」と
称される熱処理や冷間押出し加工、冷間引抜き加工、冷
間鍛造加工及び冷間切削加工などの冷間加工工程を経
て、自動車、各種産業機械などに広く用いられるシャフ
トやロッド、ボルトなどの最終部品に成形される。2. Description of the Related Art Among solid steel materials having a circular cross-sectional shape, wires and steel bars are finished to desired dimensions (diameter) by "primary processing" such as rolling, and then "secondary and tertiary processing". Shafts, rods, bolts, etc. that are widely used in automobiles, various industrial machines, etc. through cold working processes such as heat treatment, cold extrusion, cold drawing, cold forging, cold cutting, etc. Molded into the final part.
【０００３】上記部品の多くは冷間加工後の断面形状
（真円度、外形寸法など）や、材料軸部の真直性に厳し
い精度が要求される。このうち、材料軸部に特に厳しい
真直性が要求される部品、例えば長軸ボルトやシャフト
ギアなどの場合には、冷間押出し加工によって断面形状
精度の確保と真直性の確保を行うことも多い。しかしな
がら、押出し加工の際の加工条件によっては、却って長
手方向に曲がりが生じることがあり、所望の真直精度が
得られず、形状修正工程を追加する必要が生じる場合が
あった。Many of the above components require strict precision in the cross-sectional shape (roundness, external dimensions, etc.) after cold working and in the straightness of the material shaft. Of these, in the case of parts requiring particularly strict straightness in the material shaft portion, for example, a long-axis bolt or a shaft gear, the cross-sectional shape accuracy and the straightness are often secured by cold extrusion. . However, depending on the processing conditions at the time of extrusion processing, bending may occur in the longitudinal direction, and desired straightness accuracy may not be obtained, and it may be necessary to add a shape correction step.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記現状に
鑑みなされたもので、断面形状が円形の中実鋼材、すな
わち線材、棒鋼や鋼線を孔ダイス（以下、単にダイスと
もいう）を用いて押出し加工する方法、なかでも被加工
材の曲がり発生量を後述する無次元曲率ｒ／ρで０．０
００８以下に抑制できる押出し加工方法を提供すること
を目的とする。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and is directed to forming a solid steel material having a circular cross section, that is, a wire, a steel bar or a steel wire into a hole die (hereinafter simply referred to as a die). In particular, the amount of bending of a workpiece is determined by the dimensionless curvature r / ρ described below as 0.0.
An object of the present invention is to provide an extrusion method capable of suppressing the temperature to 008 or less.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、下記に示す押
出し加工方法を要旨とする。The gist of the present invention is an extrusion method described below.
【０００６】すなわち、「中実鋼材の押出し加工方法で
あって、出側テーパ角度の半角θ（゜）が下記 (1)式を
満たすとともに、出側テーパ部長さＬ（ｍｍ）とベアリ
ング部長さＥ（ｍｍ）との比が下記 (2)式を満たす孔ダ
イスを用いて、下記 (3)式を満たす加工率で加工する押
出し加工方法。[0006] That is, "This is a method of extruding a solid steel material, wherein the half angle θ (゜) of the outlet taper angle satisfies the following formula (1), the length L (mm) of the outlet taper portion and the length of the bearing portion. An extrusion method in which a hole die having a ratio of E (mm) that satisfies the following formula (2) is used at a processing rate that satisfies the following formula (3).
【０００７】０．０２゜≦θ≦０．５゜・・・(1) １≦Ｌ／Ｅ≦３０・・・(2) ０．１０Ｄ≦Ｅ（ｄ／Ｄ）2 ≦０．３３Ｄ・・・(3)」
である。0.02 ゜ ≦ θ ≦ 0.5 ゜ (1) 1 ≦ L / E ≦ 30 (2) 0.10D ≦ E (d / D) 2 ≦ 0.33D・ (3) ''
It is.
【０００８】ここで、Ｄは孔ダイス入り側における被加
工材の直径（ｍｍ）、ｄは孔ダイスを出た被加工材の直
径、つまり押出し加工後の被加工材の直径（ｍｍ）を意
味する。Here, D is the diameter (mm) of the workpiece at the hole die entry side, and d is the diameter of the workpiece exiting the hole die, that is, the diameter (mm) of the workpiece after extrusion. I do.
【０００９】本発明者らは、中炭素鋼線を供試材とし
て、押出しによる軸絞り加工（以後、単に押出し加工と
いう）を種々の条件で行い、加工後の長手方向の曲がり
量を測定した。その結果、下記の知見を得た。 （ａ）直径Ｄ（ｍｍ）の鋼線を直径ｄ（ｍｍ）に押出し
加工した場合の長手方向の曲がり量は、ダイス形状とし
ての出側テーパ部長さＬ（ｍｍ）、ベアリング部長さＥ
（ｍｍ）、出側テーパ角度２θ、したがってその半角θ
（゜）に大きく影響される。なお、図１は、上記Ｌ、
Ｅ、θの形状のダイスを用いて直径Ｄ（ｍｍ）の鋼線を
直径ｄ（ｍｍ）に押出し加工する状況を示す図である。The inventors of the present invention performed axial drawing by extrusion (hereinafter simply referred to as extrusion) under various conditions using a medium carbon steel wire as a test material, and measured the amount of bending in the longitudinal direction after the processing. . As a result, the following findings were obtained. (A) When a steel wire having a diameter D (mm) is extruded to a diameter d (mm), the amount of bending in the longitudinal direction is determined by the length L (mm) of the tapered portion on the exit side as a die shape and the length E of the bearing portion.
(Mm), exit taper angle 2θ, and thus its half angle θ
(゜) is greatly affected. FIG. 1 shows the above L,
It is a figure which shows the situation which extrudes the steel wire of diameter D (mm) to diameter d (mm) using the dice of shape of E and (theta).
【００１０】（ｂ）押出し加工の減面率を調整すること
で長手方向の曲がり量を抑制することができる。(B) The amount of bending in the longitudinal direction can be suppressed by adjusting the area reduction rate of the extrusion process.
【００１１】そこで更に、各種の合金鋼線やステンレス
鋼線を供試材とした押出し加工を種々の条件で行い、加
工後の長手方向の曲がり量を測定した。その結果、上記
（ａ）、（ｂ）が合金鋼線やステンレス鋼線を供試材と
する場合にも成り立つことが確認できた。[0011] Further, extrusion was performed under various conditions using various alloy steel wires and stainless steel wires as test materials, and the amount of bending in the longitudinal direction after the processing was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that the above (a) and (b) also hold when alloy steel wires or stainless steel wires are used as test materials.
【００１２】本発明は、上記の知見に基づいて完成され
たものである。The present invention has been completed based on the above findings.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の各要件について説
明する。 ダイスの出側テーパ角度の半角θ：図２は、押出し加工
後の曲がり量に及ぼすダイスの出側テーパ角度の半角θ
（゜）の影響の一例として、直径Ｄが３３ｍｍであるJI
S G 4051に記載のＳ４５Ｃの棒鋼を押出し加工して３０
ｍｍの直径ｄに加工した場合の状況を示すものである。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, each requirement of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 shows the half angle θ of the exit taper angle of the die on the amount of bending after extrusion.
As an example of the effect of (゜), JI with a diameter D of 33 mm
Extrude the S45C steel bar described in SG 4051 to 30
This shows the situation when the workpiece is machined to a diameter d of mm.
【００１４】なお、押出し加工後の曲がり量は、無次元
曲率ｒ／ρで評価した。この無次元曲率（ｒ／ρ）は、
押出し加工された鋼線の稜線座標を三次元測定器により
測定し、その座標から曲率半径ρ（ｍｍ）を算出し、次
いで、押出し加工後の鋼線の半径ｒ（ｍｍ）を上記曲率
半径ρで除して求めたものである。図２に一例を示した
ように、ダイスの出側テーパ角度の半角θが０．５゜を
超えると、押出し加工後の曲がり量が急激に増加し、無
次元曲率ｒ／ρの値が０．０００８を超えてしまう。一
方、ダイスの出側テーパ角度の半角θが０．０２゜より
小さい場合、曲がりの発生を抑制できるものの、ダイス
との接触による押出し荷重の増加やダイスとの焼き付き
などの問題が生じる。したがって、ダイスの出側テーパ
角度の半角θに関し、前記 (1)式を満たすように規定し
た。 出側テーパ部長さとベアリング部長さとの比（Ｌ／
Ｅ）：図３は、押出し加工後の曲がり量に及ぼすダイス
のＬ／Ｅの影響の一例として、直径Ｄが３３ｍｍである
JIS G 4051に記載のＳ４５Ｃの棒鋼を押出し加工して３
０ｍｍの直径ｄに加工した場合の状況を示すものであ
る。なお、この図３においても押出し加工後の曲がり量
は、無次元曲率ｒ／ρで示した。図３に一例を示したよ
うに、Ｌ／Ｅの値が１より小さい場合、押出し加工後の
曲がり量が急激に増加し、無次元曲率ｒ／ρの値が０．
０００８を超えてしまう。一方、Ｌ／Ｅの値が３０を超
える場合、曲がりの発生を抑制できるものの、ダイス自
体の大きさが極端に大きくなって、工業的には適用が困
難になる。したがって、出側テーパ部長さとベアリング
部長さとの比であるＬ／Ｅの値に関し、前記 (2)式を満
たすように規定した。 加工率：図４は、押出し加工後の曲がり量に及ぼす加工
率及びダイスベアリング長さの影響の一例として、直径
Ｄが３３ｍｍであるJIS G 4051に記載のＳ４５Ｃの棒鋼
を、種々のベアリング部長さＥ（ｍｍ）のダイスで押出
し加工して直径ｄが３０ｍｍにした場合の状況を示すも
のである。なお、この図４においても押出し加工後の曲
がり量は、無次元曲率ｒ／ρで示した。図４に一例を示
したように、ベアリング部長さＥ（ｍｍ）と押出し加工
後及び押出し加工前の鋼線の直径の比（ｄ／Ｄ）の２乗
との積であるＥ（ｄ／Ｄ）2 の値が０．１０Ｄより小さ
いか、０．３３Ｄを超える場合には無次元曲率ｒ／ρの
値が０．０００８を超えてしまう。したがって、押出し
加工の加工率に関し、前記 (3)式を満たすように規定し
た。The amount of bending after extrusion was evaluated by the dimensionless curvature r / ρ. This dimensionless curvature (r / ρ) is
The coordinates of the ridge line of the extruded steel wire are measured by a three-dimensional measuring device, a radius of curvature ρ (mm) is calculated from the coordinates, and then the radius r (mm) of the extruded steel wire is calculated as the radius of curvature ρ Divided by. As shown in an example in FIG. 2, when the half angle θ of the exit taper angle of the die exceeds 0.5 °, the amount of bending after the extrusion process sharply increases, and the value of the dimensionless curvature r / ρ becomes 0. 0.0008. On the other hand, if the half angle θ of the exit taper angle of the die is smaller than 0.02 °, although the occurrence of bending can be suppressed, problems such as an increase in the extrusion load due to contact with the die and seizure with the die occur. Therefore, the half angle θ of the exit taper angle of the die is defined so as to satisfy the above equation (1). The ratio (L /
E): FIG. 3 shows an example of the effect of L / E of the dies on the amount of bending after extrusion, with a diameter D of 33 mm.
Extrusion of S45C steel bar described in JIS G 4051
This shows a situation in the case of processing to a diameter d of 0 mm. In FIG. 3 as well, the amount of bending after extrusion is shown by the dimensionless curvature r / ρ. As shown in an example in FIG. 3, when the value of L / E is smaller than 1, the amount of bending after the extruding process sharply increases, and the value of the dimensionless curvature r / ρ is 0.1.
Exceeds 0008. On the other hand, when the value of L / E exceeds 30, although the occurrence of bending can be suppressed, the size of the die itself becomes extremely large, which makes industrial application difficult. Therefore, the value of L / E, which is the ratio between the length of the taper portion on the delivery side and the length of the bearing portion, is defined so as to satisfy the above equation (2). Working ratio: FIG. 4 shows, as an example of the effects of the working ratio and the length of the die bearing on the amount of bending after the extrusion, S45C steel bars described in JIS G 4051 having a diameter D of 33 mm were subjected to various bearing lengths. This shows a situation where the diameter d is 30 mm by extrusion with an E (mm) die. In FIG. 4 as well, the amount of bending after the extrusion is represented by a dimensionless curvature r / ρ. As shown in an example in FIG. 4, E (d / D) which is a product of the length E (mm) of the bearing portion and the square of the ratio (d / D) of the diameter of the steel wire after the extrusion and before the extrusion. If the value of 2 is smaller than 0.10D or exceeds 0.33D, the value of the dimensionless curvature r / ρ will exceed 0.0008. Therefore, the processing rate of the extrusion processing is defined so as to satisfy the above-mentioned equation (3).
【００１５】以下、本発明を実施例によって更に詳しく
説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
【００１６】[0016]
【実施例】表１に示す化学組成を有する鋼１と鋼２を通
常の方法によって溶製した。鋼１と鋼２はそれぞれJIS
G 4051に記載のＳ４５ＣとJIS G 4104に記載のＳＣｒ４
２０に相当する鋼である。なお、Ｔｉは不純物として含
まれていたものである。EXAMPLES Steels 1 and 2 having the chemical compositions shown in Table 1 were melted by an ordinary method. Steel 1 and Steel 2 are JIS respectively
S45C described in G 4051 and SCr4 described in JIS G 4104
20 steel. Note that Ti was included as an impurity.
【００１７】[0017]
【表１】 これらの鋼を通常の方法によって鋼片とした後、１２３
０℃に加熱してから１２００〜９５０℃の温度で直径３
５ｍｍの丸棒に熱間鍛造し、その後常温まで空冷した。[Table 1] After turning these steels into billets by a usual method, 123
After heating to 0 ° C, the diameter of 3 at 1200-950 ° C
It was hot forged into a 5 mm round bar and then air cooled to room temperature.
【００１８】このようにして得られた丸棒の外表面を切
削加工して直径が３３ｍｍで長さが１ｍの試験片を作製
した。The outer surface of the round bar thus obtained was cut to prepare a test piece having a diameter of 33 mm and a length of 1 m.
【００１９】次いで、上記試験片を切断して通常の方法
で燐酸亜鉛皮膜処理を施し、５００トンプレスを用い
て、加工後の直径が３０ｍｍになるように種々の条件で
押出し加工を行って、加工後の長手方向の曲がり量を測
定した。表２に、押出し加工した条件を示す。Next, the test piece was cut, subjected to a zinc phosphate coating treatment in a usual manner, and extruded using a 500 ton press under various conditions so that the processed diameter became 30 mm. The amount of bending in the longitudinal direction after processing was measured. Table 2 shows the conditions of the extrusion processing.
【００２０】[0020]
【表２】 表２から、本発明に係る試験番号１〜５においては、曲
がり発生量を無次元曲率ｒ／ρで０．０００８以下に抑
制できることが明らかである。これに対して、本発明で
規定する条件を外れた試験番号６、７、９及び１０にお
いては、曲がり発生量は無次元曲率ｒ／ρで０．０００
８を超えている。なお、試験番号８は、焼付きが発生し
たので、加工後の長手方向の曲がり量測定は行わなかっ
た。[Table 2] From Table 2, it is clear that in Test Nos. 1 to 5 according to the present invention, the amount of bending can be suppressed to 0.0008 or less in dimensionless curvature r / ρ. On the other hand, in Test Nos. 6, 7, 9 and 10, which deviated from the conditions defined in the present invention, the amount of bending was 0.000 in dimensionless curvature r / ρ.
More than eight. In Test No. 8, since seizure occurred, the measurement of the amount of bending in the longitudinal direction after processing was not performed.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】本発明の押出し加工方法によれば、押出
し加工後の被加工材の曲がりを抑制できるので、断面形
状精度の確保と真直性の確保を行うことが可能である。According to the extrusion processing method of the present invention, the bending of the workpiece after the extrusion processing can be suppressed, so that it is possible to secure the cross-sectional shape accuracy and the straightness.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図１】孔ダイスを用いて直径Ｄ（ｍｍ）の鋼線を直径
ｄ（ｍｍ）に押出し加工する状況を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state in which a steel wire having a diameter D (mm) is extruded to a diameter d (mm) using a hole die.
【図２】押出し加工後の曲がり量に及ぼすダイスの出側
テーパ角度の半角θの影響の一例を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an effect of a half angle θ of an exit side taper angle of a die on a bending amount after extrusion processing.
【図３】押出し加工後の曲がり量に及ぼすダイスのＬ／
Ｅの影響の一例を示す図である。FIG. 3 shows the effect of L / L of a die on the amount of bending after extrusion.
It is a figure showing an example of the influence of E.
【図４】押出し加工後の曲がり量に及ぼす減面率の影響
の一例を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the effect of the area reduction rate on the amount of bending after extrusion.
Ｌ：ダイスの出側テーパ部長さ（ｍｍ） Ｅ：ダイスのベアリング部長さ（ｍｍ） θ：ダイスの出側テーパ角度の半角（゜） L: Length of the tapered portion on the exit side of the die (mm) E: Length of the bearing portion of the die (mm) θ: Half angle (出) of the tapered angle on the exit side of the die
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 久保木 孝 大阪府大阪市中央区北浜４丁目５番33号 住友金属工業株式会社内 (72)発明者 根石 豊 大阪府大阪市中央区北浜４丁目５番33号 住友金属工業株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 4E029 AA05 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Takashi Kubogi 4-33, Kitahama, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture Inside Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. (72) Inventor Yutaka Neishi 4-chome Kitahama, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture 5-33 No. F Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. F-term (reference) 4E029 AA05
Claims (1)
テーパ角度の半角θ（゜）が下記 (1)式を満たすととも
に、出側テーパ部長さＬ（ｍｍ）とベアリング部長さＥ
（ｍｍ）との比が下記 (2)式を満たす孔ダイスを用い
て、下記 (3)式を満たす加工率で加工することを特徴と
する押出し加工方法。 ０．０２゜≦θ≦０．５゜・・・(1) １≦Ｌ／Ｅ≦３０・・・(2) ０．１０Ｄ≦Ｅ（ｄ／Ｄ）2 ≦０．３３Ｄ・・・(3) ここで、Ｄは孔ダイス入り側における被加工材の直径
（ｍｍ）、ｄは孔ダイス出側における被加工材の直径
（ｍｍ）である。1. A method for extruding a solid steel material, wherein a half angle θ (゜) of an outlet side taper angle satisfies the following equation (1), and a length L (mm) of an outlet side taper portion and a length E of a bearing portion.
An extrusion method characterized by using a hole die having a ratio of (mm) that satisfies the following equation (2) at a processing rate that satisfies the following equation (3). 0.02 ° ≦ θ ≦ 0.5 ° (1) 1 ≦ L / E ≦ 30 (2) 0.10D ≦ E (d / D) 2 ≦ 0.33D (3 Here, D is the diameter (mm) of the workpiece on the entrance side of the hole die, and d is the diameter (mm) of the workpiece on the exit side of the hole die.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000244237A JP3589164B2 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2000-08-11 | Extrusion processing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000244237A JP3589164B2 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2000-08-11 | Extrusion processing method |
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| JP2002059214A true JP2002059214A (en) | 2002-02-26 |
| JP3589164B2 JP3589164B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100391728C (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-06-04 | 苏州江钻新锐硬质合金有限公司 | Standing mold pressing die for bars in hard alloy, and manufacturing method |
| JP2010007858A (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2010-01-14 | Powers Fasteners Inc | Screw type anchor |
| CN101804425A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-08-18 | 保定惠阳航空螺旋桨制造厂 | Rubber bushing compacting mould |
| JP2011206840A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-20 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Extrusion method and extrusion die of aluminum bar |
-
2000
- 2000-08-11 JP JP2000244237A patent/JP3589164B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010007858A (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2010-01-14 | Powers Fasteners Inc | Screw type anchor |
| CN100391728C (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-06-04 | 苏州江钻新锐硬质合金有限公司 | Standing mold pressing die for bars in hard alloy, and manufacturing method |
| CN101804425A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-08-18 | 保定惠阳航空螺旋桨制造厂 | Rubber bushing compacting mould |
| JP2011206840A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-20 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Extrusion method and extrusion die of aluminum bar |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3589164B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
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