JP2001294938A - Method for uniformly cooling gear using ultrasonic wave, and ultrasonic wave quench hardning apparatus - Google Patents
Method for uniformly cooling gear using ultrasonic wave, and ultrasonic wave quench hardning apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001294938A JP2001294938A JP2000109035A JP2000109035A JP2001294938A JP 2001294938 A JP2001294938 A JP 2001294938A JP 2000109035 A JP2000109035 A JP 2000109035A JP 2000109035 A JP2000109035 A JP 2000109035A JP 2001294938 A JP2001294938 A JP 2001294938A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ultrasonic wave
- gear
- quenching
- hardning
- quench
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は歯車等の部品をバッチ的
に熱処理する方法及びその装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for batch heat treating parts such as gears.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】歯車等の部品は、切削加工ないしは冷鍛
・熱鍛後に焼入れを行い硬度を増して、製品としてい
る。しかし、この焼入れ過程で熱歪が発生し、部品の精
度が損なわれていた。これを防止する方法としては、焼
入れに用いる油の温度を上げ、変態温度を高めることが
有効であることが知られてきた。しかしこの方法では、
焼き入れ温度の上昇とともに硬度が低下するため、十分
な焼き入れ硬度を得るために、鋼材の添加元素を増量す
る必要があり、コストの上昇を招いている。2. Description of the Related Art Parts such as gears are hardened after cutting or cold forging / hot forging to increase their hardness to produce products. However, heat distortion occurred during this quenching process, and the accuracy of the parts was impaired. As a method for preventing this, it has been known that raising the temperature of oil used for quenching and raising the transformation temperature is effective. But with this method,
Since the hardness decreases as the quenching temperature rises, it is necessary to increase the amount of additional elements of the steel material in order to obtain sufficient quenching hardness, resulting in an increase in cost.
【０００３】一方、超音波を焼入れに用いる技術とし
て、実開平６−３９９５０号公報、特開平８−２５３８
１７号公報等があるが、これらは超音波による冷却能の
向上をその原理としており、例えば前者ではロールの焼
入れ速度の制御により、硬度の制御を行う物であり、歯
車等の小品には使用できない。また後者は、線材連続焼
入れに関するものでり、バッチ処理には適さない。On the other hand, as a technique using ultrasonic waves for quenching, Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Publication No. 6-39950 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
No. 17, there is a principle of improving the cooling capacity by ultrasonic waves. For example, in the former, the hardness is controlled by controlling the quenching speed of the roll, and it is used for small articles such as gears. Can not. The latter relates to continuous quenching of wire rods and is not suitable for batch processing.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は歯車等の小品
を熱処理する際に、超音波槽で焼き入れする事により、
熱処理歪みを低減し部品の精度を確保する方法及び焼入
装置を提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, when heat-treating a small item such as a gear, it is quenched in an ultrasonic bath.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a quenching device for reducing distortion due to heat treatment and ensuring accuracy of components.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は上記のような従
来法の欠点を排除しうる焼き入れ法及び装置であり、そ
の要旨とするところは、 （１）歯車を、切削加工ないしは冷鍛・熱鍛後に熱処理
する際に、超音波を付与しながら焼き入れすることを特
徴とする超音波を用いた歯車の均質冷却法。 （２）２０ＫＨｚ以上２００ＫＨｚ以下の周波数で１Ｗ
／ｌ以上２００Ｗ／ｌ以下の出力の超音波を付与するこ
とを特徴とする前記（１）記載の超音波を用いた歯車の
均質冷却法。 （３）油焼き入れする事を特徴とする前記（１）又は
（２）記載の超音波を用いた歯車の均質冷却法。 （４）歯車を焼き入れするための装置であって、溶媒を
保持する槽と、溶媒中に浸漬する超音波付与手段を有す
ることを特徴とする超音波焼入装置。である。 本発明において、歯車とは歯車だけではなく、等速ジョ
イント，ボルト、シャフトも含有するものと定義する。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a quenching method and apparatus which can eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional method. The gist of the present invention is as follows. A homogenous gear cooling method using ultrasonic waves, characterized by quenching while applying ultrasonic waves during heat treatment after hot forging. (2) 1 W at a frequency of 20 kHz to 200 kHz
The method according to (1), wherein ultrasonic waves having an output of not less than / l and not more than 200 W / l are applied. (3) The method for homogeneously cooling a gear using ultrasonic waves according to the above (1) or (2), characterized by oil quenching. (4) An ultrasonic quenching apparatus for quenching gears, comprising: a tank for holding a solvent; and an ultrasonic applying means immersed in the solvent. It is. In the present invention, a gear is defined to include not only a gear but also a constant velocity joint, a bolt, and a shaft.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明について詳細に説明
する。本発明の根幹をなす技術思想は以下の通りであ
る。通常、歯車等の凹凸のある形状の部品を焼き入れす
ると、その形状から凸部は凹部に比べ熱容量が小さいた
め早く冷却される。また、熱伝達係数も凹部の方が小さ
くなるため、この傾向は助長される。これにより、焼き
入れを行うと、歯車の歯が伸びたような変形が生じる。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The technical idea underlying the present invention is as follows. Normally, when a part having irregularities such as a gear is quenched, the convex part has a smaller heat capacity than the concave part and is cooled quickly because of its shape. In addition, since the heat transfer coefficient is smaller in the concave portion, this tendency is promoted. Thus, when quenching is performed, deformation occurs as if the teeth of the gear were elongated.
【０００７】さらに、歯車の歯間等の凹部（谷部）では
発生した気泡がそこに留まり易いため、気泡の発生した
凹部ではより一層熱伝達係数が低下し、不均一な冷却と
なる。また、この時気泡の滞留はすべての歯間で生じる
わけではないので、気泡の滞留している歯間と気泡の滞
留していない歯間では熱伝達係数が異なり、変形の不均
一性を招いていた。変形が不均一であると、変形しやす
い場所に変形が集中するため、変形の最大値は大きくな
る。以上のように、歯車の焼き入れ時の変形は、熱伝達
係数の不均一性が大きなウエイトを占めている。Furthermore, in a concave portion (valley portion) such as between teeth of a gear, generated bubbles tend to stay there, and in the concave portion where bubbles are generated, the heat transfer coefficient is further reduced, resulting in uneven cooling. Also, at this time, the stagnation of air bubbles does not occur between all the teeth, so that the heat transfer coefficient differs between the teeth where the air bubbles stay and the tooth where the air bubbles do not stay, leading to non-uniform deformation. I was If the deformation is non-uniform, the deformation concentrates on the place where the deformation is likely to occur, so that the maximum value of the deformation increases. As described above, the deformation during gear quenching occupies a large weight due to the large nonuniformity of the heat transfer coefficient.
【０００８】本発明者らは上記の欠点を打破する事を可
能とする新しい事実を発見し、それをもとに新たなる焼
き入れ方法及び装置を発明した。即ち、図１に示すよう
に高周波焼き入れ等の加熱装置１と加熱した歯車２と、
歯車２を急冷する為の槽３とよりなり、槽３は水、油等
の冷媒となる溶媒４を保持している。そして、槽３の底
部或いは側壁等の適宜位置に、超音波振動子５等よりな
る超音波付与手段を設けている。ここで、発明者らは、
歯車２等の焼き入れ時に槽３内に超音波を付与すると、
歯車３等で凹部に発生した気泡が速やかに焼き入れ素材
より離脱し、熱伝達係数の不均一性が緩和されることを
見いだした。これによって歯車２等の歪みのばらつきが
軽減し、さらに歪み自体も軽減するすることを見いだし
た。The present inventors have discovered a new fact that makes it possible to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages, and invented a new quenching method and apparatus based on the fact. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, a heating device 1 such as induction hardening and a heated gear 2,
A tank 3 for rapidly cooling the gear 2 is provided. The tank 3 holds a solvent 4 serving as a refrigerant such as water or oil. An ultrasonic wave applying means such as an ultrasonic vibrator 5 is provided at an appropriate position such as a bottom or a side wall of the tank 3. Here, the inventors:
When ultrasonic waves are applied to the inside of the tank 3 during quenching of the gears 2 and the like,
It has been found that bubbles generated in the concave portion by the gear 3 and the like are quickly separated from the quenched material, and the nonuniformity of the heat transfer coefficient is reduced. It has been found that this reduces the variation in distortion of the gear 2 and the like, and further reduces the distortion itself.
【０００９】以下に本発明の限定理由を述べる。超音波
周波数を２０ＫＨｚ以上とした理由は、それ未満の周波
数では気泡の離脱が十分ではないためである。周波数を
上げるとともに気泡の離脱は速やかに行われるが、２０
０ＫＨｚ超の周波数では、気泡の離脱が飽和し、より一
層の効果が望めないため、上限を２００ＫＨｚとした。
超音波の出力を１Ｗ／ｌ以上とした理由も、それ未満の
周波数では気泡の離脱が十分ではないためである。同様
に出力を上げると気泡の離脱は速やかに行われるように
なるが、２００Ｗ／ｌ超ではその効果が飽和するので、
上限を２００Ｗ／ｌとした。焼き入れに用いる溶媒は、
室温の水、可溶性物質を溶解した水溶液、油が望ましい
が、さらなる歪みの低減のため、４０〜２００℃に加熱
した油を用いても良い。The reasons for limiting the present invention will be described below. The reason why the ultrasonic frequency is set to 20 KHz or more is that bubbles with a frequency lower than 20 KHz are not sufficiently separated. As the frequency is increased, the bubbles are released quickly.
At a frequency exceeding 0 KHz, the desorption of bubbles is saturated, and further effects cannot be expected, so the upper limit was set to 200 KHz.
The reason why the output of the ultrasonic wave is set to 1 W / l or more is that the bubbles are not sufficiently separated at a frequency lower than 1 W / l. Similarly, when the output is increased, the separation of the bubbles is performed quickly, but when the output exceeds 200 W / l, the effect is saturated.
The upper limit was set to 200 W / l. The solvent used for quenching is
Water at room temperature, an aqueous solution in which a soluble substance is dissolved, and oil are desirable, but an oil heated to 40 to 200 ° C. may be used to further reduce distortion.
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例】図２は、超音波の周波数および出力が、歯車
歯間の気泡の滞留に及ぼす影響を示した説明図である。
横軸は超音波の周波数、縦軸は気泡の滞留率（気泡の滞
留している歯間数／全歯間数）、各線は超音波の出力の
違いを表している。径１００ｍｍ、厚さ４０ｍｍの歯車
を室温の鉱油に焼き入れを行った。本発明を用いれば、
気泡の滞留は低く押さえられる。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the effect of the frequency and output of ultrasonic waves on the retention of bubbles between gear teeth.
The horizontal axis represents the frequency of the ultrasonic waves, the vertical axis represents the retention rate of the bubbles (the number of intervening teeth of the bubbles / the total number of teeth), and each line represents the difference in the output of the ultrasonic waves. A gear having a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 40 mm was quenched in mineral oil at room temperature. With the present invention,
The retention of bubbles is kept low.
【００１１】表１は、本発明および超音波を付与しなか
った比較方法を適用して焼き入れした場合の、歯車の変
形を表している。歯車の大きさは図２と同じものを使用
し，を室温の鉱油に焼き入れを行った。歯車の変形の指
針として、歯の伸びの最大値、および最大値最小値の差
（ばらつき）を用いた。[0011] Table 1 shows the deformation of gears when quenched by applying the present invention and a comparison method without applying ultrasonic waves. The size of the gears was the same as that of FIG. 2, and was quenched in mineral oil at room temperature. The difference (variation) between the maximum value of the tooth elongation and the maximum value and the minimum value was used as a guide for gear deformation.
【表１】 出力１Ｗ／ｌ未満、周波数２０ＫＨｚ未満では、十分な
効果が得られず、２００Ｗ／ｌより上の出力および２０
０ＫＨｚより上の周波数を用いてもその得られる効果
は、２００Ｗ／ｌおよび２００ＫＨｚのものと変わらず
効果は頭打ちとなる。[Table 1] If the output is less than 1 W / l and the frequency is less than 20 KHz, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained.
Even if a frequency higher than 0 KHz is used, the effect obtained is the same as that of 200 W / l and 200 KHz, and the effect reaches a plateau.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の効果】本発明により、歯車等の小品を熱処理す
る際に、熱処理歪みが低減し変形が軽減し，ばらつきも
軽減しており、部品の精度を確保することができる。According to the present invention, when heat-treating a small product such as a gear, the distortion due to the heat treatment is reduced, the deformation is reduced, and the variation is reduced, and the precision of the parts can be secured.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図１】本発明に係る超音波焼入装置の概略説明図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of an ultrasonic quenching apparatus according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明において超音波の周波数および出力が、
歯車歯間の気泡の滞留に及ぼす影響を示した説明図であ
る。FIG. 2 shows the frequency and output of an ultrasonic wave according to the present invention.
It is explanatory drawing which showed the influence which it has on the retention of the bubble between gear teeth.
１ 加熱装置 ２ 歯車 ３ 槽 ４ 溶媒 ５ 超音波振動子 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heating apparatus 2 Gear 3 Tank 4 Solvent 5 Ultrasonic vibrator
Claims (4)
熱処理する際に、超音波を付与しながら焼き入れするこ
とを特徴とする超音波を用いた歯車の均質冷却法。1. A method for homogeneously cooling gears using ultrasonic waves, wherein the gears are quenched while applying ultrasonic waves when the gears are heat-treated after cutting or cold forging / hot forging.
で１Ｗ／ｌ以上２００Ｗ／ｌ以下の出力の超音波を付与
することを特徴とする請求項１記載の超音波を用いた歯
車の均質冷却法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein ultrasonic waves having an output of 1 W / l to 200 W / l are applied at a frequency of 20 KHz to 200 KHz.
は２記載の超音波を用いた歯車の均質冷却法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gear is quenched with oil.
溶媒を保持する槽と、溶媒中に浸漬する超音波付与手段
を有することを特徴とする超音波焼入装置。4. An apparatus for quenching a gear, comprising:
An ultrasonic quenching apparatus comprising: a tank for holding a solvent; and an ultrasonic applying means for immersing the solvent in the solvent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000109035A JP4142841B2 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2000-04-11 | Homogeneous cooling method for gears using ultrasonic waves |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000109035A JP4142841B2 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2000-04-11 | Homogeneous cooling method for gears using ultrasonic waves |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001294938A true JP2001294938A (en) | 2001-10-26 |
| JP4142841B2 JP4142841B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
Family
ID=18621785
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000109035A Expired - Fee Related JP4142841B2 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2000-04-11 | Homogeneous cooling method for gears using ultrasonic waves |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4142841B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015000252A1 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Method and device for ultrasonic-assisted quenching |
| CN106222387A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment method of nuclear island super-section forging |
| WO2023195201A1 (en) * | 2022-04-05 | 2023-10-12 | 日本精工株式会社 | Quenching method and quenching device |
-
2000
- 2000-04-11 JP JP2000109035A patent/JP4142841B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015000252A1 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Method and device for ultrasonic-assisted quenching |
| US10273550B2 (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2019-04-30 | Wuhan University Of Technology | Ultrasound-assisting quenching process and device for performing the same |
| CN106222387A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment method of nuclear island super-section forging |
| WO2023195201A1 (en) * | 2022-04-05 | 2023-10-12 | 日本精工株式会社 | Quenching method and quenching device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4142841B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
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