JP2001289406A - Estimation method and apparatus for sand circulation amount in external circulation fluidized bed boiler, and control method and apparatus based upon estimation - Google Patents
Estimation method and apparatus for sand circulation amount in external circulation fluidized bed boiler, and control method and apparatus based upon estimationInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001289406A JP2001289406A JP2000108366A JP2000108366A JP2001289406A JP 2001289406 A JP2001289406 A JP 2001289406A JP 2000108366 A JP2000108366 A JP 2000108366A JP 2000108366 A JP2000108366 A JP 2000108366A JP 2001289406 A JP2001289406 A JP 2001289406A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sand
- furnace
- amount
- heat exchanger
- external heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は都市ごみや産業廃棄
物等の焼却処理、あるいは、ＲＤＦ（ごみ固形化燃料）
等の燃料の燃焼に際して発生する燃焼熱を回収するため
に用いる外部循環流動層ボイラにおける砂循環量推定方
法及び装置並びに推定に基づく制御方法及び装置に関す
るものである。The present invention relates to incineration of municipal solid waste and industrial waste, or RDF (solid waste fuel).
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for estimating the amount of sand circulation in an external circulating fluidized-bed boiler used for recovering combustion heat generated during the combustion of fuel such as the above, and a control method and apparatus based on the estimation.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】外部循環流動層ボイラは、図７にその一
例の概略を示す如く、蒸気ドラム２と接続された多数の
水冷壁管３により火炉１の全体を構成し、該火炉１内の
下部位置に一次燃焼室４を、又、その上方部に二次燃焼
室５をそれぞれ設け、一次燃焼室４内には、一次空気管
６に接続した空気分散管７を底部に配置して、流動媒体
としての砂を充填して流動層を形成させ、一次空気管６
を通して供給した一次空気を上記空気分散管７で分散さ
せて該流動層を流動化させるようにし、一方、二次燃焼
室５には、二次空気を導入するための二次空気管８を接
続し、燃料バンカ９から供給された廃棄物や燃料を一次
空気と二次空気とによって燃焼させるようにし、このと
き発生した燃焼熱を、上記水冷壁管３部にて熱交換する
ことにより回収するようにしてある。2. Description of the Related Art As shown schematically in FIG. 7, an external circulating fluidized-bed boiler comprises an entire furnace 1 composed of a number of water-cooled wall pipes 3 connected to a steam drum 2. A primary combustion chamber 4 is provided at a lower position, and a secondary combustion chamber 5 is provided above the primary combustion chamber 4. In the primary combustion chamber 4, an air distribution pipe 7 connected to a primary air pipe 6 is arranged at the bottom. Sand is filled as a fluid medium to form a fluidized bed, and the primary air pipe 6
The primary air supplied through the air is dispersed in the air dispersion pipe 7 to fluidize the fluidized bed, while the secondary combustion chamber 5 is connected with a secondary air pipe 8 for introducing secondary air. Then, the waste and the fuel supplied from the fuel bunker 9 are burned by the primary air and the secondary air, and the combustion heat generated at this time is recovered by exchanging heat in the water cooling wall tube 3. It is like that.
【０００３】又、上記火炉１の外部に、ホットサイクロ
ンの如き砂分離器１０を設置して、該砂分離器１０の上
部と火炉１の頂部とを連通させ、且つ砂分離器１０の下
端部と一次燃焼室４とを砂循環用ダクト１１にて連通さ
せると共に、該砂循環用ダクト１１の途中に、流動化空
気管１２に接続した空気分散管１３の上部に蒸気管１４
を配してなる流動層型外部熱交換器（最終過熱器）１５
を設置して、火炉１内で吹き上げられた砂を、砂分離器
１０で分離捕集して砂循環用ダクト１１を通し外部熱交
換器１５を経由させてから、一次燃焼室４の流動層へ戻
すようにして循環させるようにすると共に、上記外部熱
交換器１５で定格温度の蒸気を得て熱回収を行うように
し、更に、上記砂分離器１０で砂を分離した後の燃焼排
ガスは、砂分離器１０の頂部に接続された排ガスダクト
１６を通して、過熱器１７や節炭器１８、空気予熱器１
９等の各熱交換器を備えている後部伝熱部２０へ導くよ
うにしてある。A sand separator 10 such as a hot cyclone is installed outside the furnace 1 so that an upper portion of the sand separator 10 communicates with a top of the furnace 1 and a lower end of the sand separator 10. And the primary combustion chamber 4 are communicated with each other through a sand circulation duct 11, and in the middle of the sand circulation duct 11, a steam pipe 14 is provided above an air dispersion pipe 13 connected to a fluidizing air pipe 12.
Bed type external heat exchanger (final superheater) 15
The sand blown up in the furnace 1 is separated and collected by a sand separator 10, passed through a sand circulation duct 11 and passed through an external heat exchanger 15, and then the fluidized bed of the primary combustion chamber 4 The heat is recovered by obtaining steam at the rated temperature in the external heat exchanger 15, and the combustion exhaust gas after the sand is separated by the sand separator 10 is Through the exhaust gas duct 16 connected to the top of the sand separator 10, the superheater 17, the economizer 18, the air preheater 1
9 to the rear heat transfer section 20 provided with each heat exchanger.
【０００４】なお、２１は一次空気発生用の一次送風
機、２２は一次空気流量調整ダンパ、２３は流動化空気
発生用の流動化ファン、２４は流動化空気流量調整ダン
パ、２５は外部熱交換器１５の蒸気管１４の入口部に接
続した蒸気温度低減化用給水管、２６は火炉１の底部か
ら不燃物と共に排出されて不燃物が分離除去された後の
砂を火炉１内へ戻すようにする砂投入バンカを示す。[0004] Incidentally, 21 is a primary blower for generating primary air, 22 is a primary air flow adjustment damper, 23 is a fluidizing fan for generating fluidized air, 24 is a fluidized air flow adjustment damper, 25 is an external heat exchanger. A steam temperature reducing water supply pipe 26 connected to the inlet of the steam pipe 14 is discharged together with incombustible materials from the bottom of the furnace 1 so that sand from which incombustible substances are separated and removed is returned into the furnace 1. The following shows the sand input bunker.
【０００５】上記外部循環流動層ボイラの燃焼プロセス
において、砂の循環は最重要項目である。これは、砂循
環量が安定化することで、炉内燃焼プロセスを安定化す
ることができ且つ外部熱交換器１５の出口蒸気温度を定
格温度（たとえば、５４０℃）に安定化できるからであ
る。In the combustion process of the external circulating fluidized bed boiler, sand circulation is the most important item. This is because, by stabilizing the sand circulation amount, the in-furnace combustion process can be stabilized and the outlet steam temperature of the external heat exchanger 15 can be stabilized at the rated temperature (for example, 540 ° C.). .
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、火炉１内及
び外部熱交換器１５を含む砂循環系内は非常に高温（通
常９００℃の砂が流動している）のため、砂の流量を直
接計測する方法がなく、したがって、砂循環量の計測が
不可能であり、そのため、これまでは、砂循環量を自動
制御することができなかった。又、砂の循環量は、基本
的に一次空気流量と砂の粒度によって決まるため、従来
では、運転員が設計計画値を頼りに運転を行っていた
が、砂の粒度は図８の線ａの如く、炉内燃焼状況や運転
時間によって変化することが知られており、特に、熱応
力が激しい場合には線ｂの如く変化するため、設計計画
値にしたがった一次空気量では砂循環量を安定化させる
ことはできず、したがって、従来では、蒸気温度を定格
温度以下にしないように、外部熱交換器１５に対して必
要以上の砂を循環させるような運転が行われていた。However, since the inside of the furnace 1 and the inside of the sand circulation system including the external heat exchanger 15 are extremely hot (usually sand at 900 ° C. flows), the flow rate of the sand is directly controlled. There is no way to measure, and therefore, it is impossible to measure the amount of circulating sand, and thus, until now, the amount of circulating sand could not be automatically controlled. In addition, since the amount of circulated sand is basically determined by the primary air flow rate and the particle size of the sand, in the past, the operator has been operating based on the design plan value. It is known that it changes depending on the combustion conditions in the furnace and the operating time, and especially when the thermal stress is severe, it changes like the line b. Cannot be stabilized, and therefore, in the past, an operation of circulating more sand than necessary to the external heat exchanger 15 was performed so that the steam temperature did not fall below the rated temperature.
【０００７】そこで、本発明は、系内の砂循環量を安定
化させることにより、炉内燃焼プロセスを安定化させ且
つ外部熱交換器の出口蒸気温度を安定化させることを目
的として、砂循環量を推定できるようにし、且つ砂循環
量を制御できるようにしようとするものである。Accordingly, the present invention aims at stabilizing the amount of sand circulating in the system, thereby stabilizing the combustion process in the furnace and stabilizing the steam temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger. It is intended to be able to estimate the amount and to control the sand circulation amount.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記課題を解
決するために、火炉の下部位置に、一次空気の供給によ
り砂を流動化させる流動層を形成するようにした一次燃
焼室を設け、又、上記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上部に
備えた砂循環用ダクトを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉の頂
部とを連通させると共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を上記
一次燃焼室に連通させ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの途中
に、流動化空気の供給により砂を流動化させるようにし
た外部熱交換器を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げられ
た砂を、火炉の頂部から取り出して砂分離器で分離捕集
した後、上記砂循環用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を経由
させてから一次燃焼室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環系を
有する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける上記火炉内の上下
方向の圧力分布及び温度分布によって決まる炉内砂循環
量の各種のモデルを予め求めておき、運転時に、炉内の
上下方向の圧力分布及び温度分布を計測し、該計測値を
上記各種のモデルと照合して炉内の砂循環量を推定する
外部循環流動層ボイラにおける砂循環量推定方法及び装
置とする。According to the present invention, a primary combustion chamber is provided at a lower position of a furnace so as to form a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by supplying primary air. Further, a sand circulation duct having a sand separator at the top is provided outside the furnace, and the sand separator and the top of the furnace are communicated with each other, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct is connected to the primary combustion chamber. And, in the middle of the sand circulation duct, an external heat exchanger that fluidizes the sand by supplying fluidized air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is sent from the top of the furnace. The above furnace in an external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulation system which is taken out, separated and collected by a sand separator, passed through the sand circulation duct, passed through an external heat exchanger, and returned to the primary combustion chamber Pressure distribution and Various models of the amount of sand circulation in the furnace determined by the temperature distribution are obtained in advance, and during operation, the pressure distribution and temperature distribution in the vertical direction in the furnace are measured, and the measured values are compared with the above various models to determine the furnace. A method and an apparatus for estimating the amount of sand circulation in an external circulating fluidized-bed boiler for estimating the amount of sand circulation inside.
【０００９】炉内の圧力分布及び温度分布を計測して砂
循環量のモデルと照合することにより、炉内砂循環量を
推定することができる。By measuring the pressure distribution and the temperature distribution in the furnace and checking the distribution with the model of the sand circulation amount, the sand circulation amount in the furnace can be estimated.
【００１０】又、火炉の下部位置に、一次空気の供給に
より砂を流動化させる流動層を形成するようにした一次
燃焼室を設け、又、上記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上部
に備えた砂循環用ダクトを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉の
頂部とを連通させると共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を上
記一次燃焼室に連通させ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの途
中に、流動化空気の供給により砂を流動化させるように
した外部熱交換器を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げら
れた砂を、火炉の頂部から取り出して砂分離器で分離捕
集した後、上記砂循環用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を経
由させてから一次燃焼室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環系
を有する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける上記外部熱交換
器の砂入口、砂出口の圧力分布、温度分布及び上記外部
熱交換器出口の蒸気温度、蒸気温度低減化用の給水量に
よって決まる外部熱交換器内砂循環量の各種のモデルを
予め求めておき、運転時に、外部熱交換器の砂入口、砂
出口の圧力分布、温度分布及び外部熱交換器出口の蒸気
温度、蒸気温度低減化用の給水量を計測し、該計測値を
上記各種のモデルと照合して外部熱交換器内砂循環量を
推定する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける砂循環量推定方
法及び装置とすることにより、外部熱交換器内砂循環量
を推定することができる。In addition, a primary combustion chamber for forming a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by supplying primary air is provided at a lower position of the furnace, and a sand separator is provided at an upper portion outside the furnace. A sand circulation duct is provided to allow the sand separator and the top of the furnace to communicate with each other, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct to communicate with the primary combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger that fluidizes the sand by supplying air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace and separated and collected by a sand separator. Pressure distribution, temperature distribution and the sand inlet, sand outlet of the external heat exchanger in the external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system that is returned to the primary combustion chamber after passing through the external heat exchanger through a duct Steam at the outlet of the external heat exchanger Temperature, various models of the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger determined by the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature are obtained in advance, and during operation, the pressure distribution, temperature distribution, In the external circulating fluidized bed boiler which measures the steam temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger, the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature, and compares the measured value with the above various models to estimate the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger. By adopting the method and apparatus for estimating the amount of sand circulation, the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger can be estimated.
【００１１】更に、火炉の下部位置に、一次空気の供給
により砂を流動化させる流動層を形成するようにした一
次燃焼室を設け、又、上記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上
部に備えた砂循環用ダクトを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉
の頂部とを連通させると共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を
上記一次燃焼室に連通させ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの
途中に、流動化空気の供給により砂を流動化させるよう
にした外部熱交換器を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げ
られた砂を、火炉の頂部から取り出して砂分離器で分離
捕集した後、上記砂循環用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を
経由させてから一次燃焼室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環
系を有する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける上記火炉内の
上下方向の圧力分布及び温度分布によって決まる炉内砂
循環量の各種のモデルを予め求めておくと共に、上記外
部熱交換器の砂入口、砂出口の圧力分布、温度分布及び
上記外部熱交換器出口の蒸気温度、蒸気温度低減化用の
給水量によって決まる外部熱交換器内砂循環量の各種の
モデルを予め求めておき、運転時に、炉内の上下方向の
圧力分布及び温度分布を計測し、該計測値を上記炉内砂
循環量の各種のモデルと照合して火炉内の砂循環量を推
定し、更に、外部熱交換器の砂入口、砂出口の圧力分
布、温度分布及び外部熱交換器出口の蒸気温度、蒸気温
度低減化用の給水量を計測し、該計測値を上記外部熱交
換器内砂循環量の各種のモデルと照合して外部熱交換器
内の砂循環量を推定し、しかる後、上記両推定値を基
に、火炉への一次空気量、外部熱交換器への流動化空気
量を制御して砂循環系内の砂循環量を制御する外部循環
流動層ボイラにおける砂循環量制御方法及び装置とする
ことにより、炉内砂循環量推定値と外部熱交換器内砂循
環量推定値とを基に一次空気量と流動化空気量を制御し
て系内の砂循環量を過不足がない状態に維持させること
ができる。Further, a primary combustion chamber for forming a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by supplying primary air is provided at a lower position of the furnace, and a sand separator is provided at an upper portion outside the furnace. A sand circulation duct is provided to allow the sand separator and the top of the furnace to communicate with each other, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct to communicate with the primary combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger that fluidizes the sand by supplying air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace and separated and collected by a sand separator. Sand circulation in the furnace determined by the vertical pressure distribution and temperature distribution in the furnace in an external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system that passes through an external heat exchanger through a duct and then returns to the primary combustion chamber Quantity of various types The external heat exchanger is determined in advance by determining the pressure distribution and temperature distribution at the sand inlet and sand outlet of the external heat exchanger, the steam temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger, and the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature. Various models of the amount of internal sand circulation are obtained in advance, and during operation, the pressure distribution and temperature distribution in the vertical direction in the furnace are measured, and the measured values are compared with the various models of the amount of internal sand circulation in the furnace. Estimate the amount of sand circulation in the furnace, and further measure the pressure distribution and temperature distribution at the sand inlet and sand outlet of the external heat exchanger, the steam temperature at the external heat exchanger outlet, and the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature. The measured value is compared with the various models of the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger to estimate the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger. Thereafter, based on the two estimated values, the primary air to the furnace is And the amount of fluidized air to the external heat exchanger to control the amount of sand circulation in the sand circulation system. By controlling the amount of sand circulation in the external circulating fluidized-bed boiler, the primary air amount and fluidized air amount are calculated based on the estimated sand circulation amount in the furnace and the estimated sand circulation amount in the external heat exchanger. By controlling, it is possible to maintain the amount of sand circulation in the system in a state where there is no excess or shortage.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面
を参照して説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００１３】図１は本発明の実施の一形態を示すもの
で、図７に示したと同様に、火炉１の下部位置に、一次
送風機２１の駆動で供給される一次空気により砂を流動
化させる流動層を形成するようにした一次燃焼室４を設
け、又、上記火炉１の外部に、上部に砂分離器１０を備
えた砂循環用ダクト１１を設けて、該砂分離器１０と火
炉１の頂部とを連通接続すると共に砂循環用ダクト１１
の下端を一次燃焼室４に連通接続し、且つ上記砂循環用
ダクト１１の途中に、流動化ファン２３の駆動により供
給される流動化空気によって砂を流動化させるようにし
た外部熱交換器１５を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げ
られた砂を、火炉１の頂部から取り出して砂分離器１０
で分離捕集した後、上記砂循環用ダクト１１を通し外部
熱交換器１５を経由させてから一次燃焼室４へ戻して循
環させるようにしてある砂循環系を有する外部循環流動
層ボイラにおいて、上記火炉１の上下方向各部（たとえ
ば、１０個所）に、圧力検出器２７及び温度検出器２８
を所要間隔を隔てて設置し、且つ該各圧力検出器２７及
び温度検出器２８にて計測した火炉１内の上下方向の温
度分布及び圧力分布と、予め求めておいた火炉１内の上
下方向の温度分布及び圧力分布に基づく炉内砂循環量の
各種モデルとを照合して炉内砂循環量の推定値Ｓを算出
するようにした炉内砂循環量推定器２９を備える。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, sand is fluidized at a lower position of a furnace 1 by primary air supplied by driving a primary blower 21. A primary combustion chamber 4 for forming a fluidized bed is provided, and a sand circulation duct 11 provided with a sand separator 10 on the upper part is provided outside the furnace 1 so that the sand separator 10 and the furnace 1 And a duct for sand circulation 11
An external heat exchanger 15 having a lower end connected to the primary combustion chamber 4 and having the sand fluidized by fluidizing air supplied by the drive of the fluidizing fan 23 in the middle of the sand circulation duct 11. The sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace 1 and the sand separator 10
In the external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system which is circulated through the sand circulation duct 11 and the external heat exchanger 15 and then returned to the primary combustion chamber 4 and circulated, A pressure detector 27 and a temperature detector 28 are provided at each part (for example, ten places) in the vertical direction of the furnace 1.
Are arranged at required intervals, and the temperature distribution and pressure distribution in the vertical direction in the furnace 1 measured by the pressure detectors 27 and the temperature detectors 28 and the vertical direction in the furnace 1 determined in advance. And an in-furnace sand circulation amount estimator 29 configured to calculate an estimated value S of the in-furnace sand circulation amount by collating with various models of the in-furnace sand circulation amount based on the temperature distribution and the pressure distribution.
【００１４】又、外部熱交換器１５の砂入口と砂出口の
部分に、圧力検出器３０ａ及び温度検出器３１ａと圧力
検出器３０ｂ及び温度検出器３１ｂとをそれぞれ設置す
ると共に、外部熱交換器１５の蒸気管１４の出口部に蒸
気温度計３２を、又、蒸気管１４の入口側の給水管２５
に水量計３３をそれぞれ設け、且つ上記圧力検出器３０
ａ，３０ｂ及び温度検出器３１ａ，３１ｂ、蒸気温度計
３２、水量計３３による計測値と、予め求めておいた外
部熱交換器１５の温度分布及び圧力分布、蒸気管１４出
口部の蒸気温度、蒸気管１４への蒸気温度低減化用給水
量に基づく外部熱交換器内砂循環量の各種モデルとを照
合して外部熱交換器内砂循環量の推定値Ｓ´を算出する
ようにした外部熱交換器内砂循環量推定器２９´を備え
る。A pressure detector 30a, a temperature detector 31a, a pressure detector 30b, and a temperature detector 31b are installed at the sand inlet and the sand outlet of the external heat exchanger 15, respectively. A steam thermometer 32 is provided at the outlet of the steam pipe 14, and a water supply pipe 25 on the inlet side of the steam pipe 14 is provided.
Are provided with water meters 33, respectively, and the pressure detector 30
a, 30b, the temperature detectors 31a, 31b, the steam thermometer 32, the water meter 33, the temperature distribution and pressure distribution of the external heat exchanger 15 determined in advance, the steam temperature at the outlet of the steam pipe 14, An external unit configured to calculate an estimated value S 'of the amount of sand circulated in the external heat exchanger by collating with various models of the amount of sand circulated in the external heat exchanger based on the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature to the steam pipe 14. A sand circulation amount estimator 29 'in the heat exchanger is provided.
【００１５】更に、上記炉内砂循環量推定器２９と外部
熱交換器内砂循環量推定器２９´の出力に基づいて一次
空気管６の流量調整ダンパ２２や流動化空気管１２の流
量調整ダンパ２４へ制御指令Ｃ1やＣ２を送ったり、砂
投入バンカ２６からの砂投入量の制御指令Ｃ３を出力す
るようにした砂循環量制御器３４を設ける。Further, the flow rate adjusting damper 22 of the primary air pipe 6 and the flow rate adjusting of the fluidizing air pipe 12 are performed based on the outputs of the sand circulation amount estimator 29 in the furnace and the sand circulation amount estimator 29 'in the external heat exchanger. A sand circulation controller 34 is provided to send control commands C 1 and C 2 to the damper 24 and to output a control command C 3 for the amount of sand input from the sand input bunker 26.
【００１６】上記炉内砂循環量推定器２９は、図２に詳
細を示す如き構成としてある。すなわち、予め実験又は
理論データを用いて火炉１内の圧力分布や温度分布で決
まる砂循環量の程度（具体的には０〜１の正規化範囲で
数値化したもの、あるいは、物理量）を多数のモデル１
〜Ｍとして蓄積させるようにしてあるデータベース３６
と、該各モデル１〜Ｍと各圧力検出器２７により求めら
れた炉内圧力分布や各温度検出器２８により求められた
炉内温度分布である現状プロセス状態（正規化ブロック
３７にて正規化されたデータＸ１〜ＸＮ）との適合度
（似ている度合）Ａ１〜ＡＭを計算するようにしたデー
タ比較評価ブロック３８と、該データ比較評価ブロック
３８で計算された適合度Ａ１〜ＡＭと上記データベース
３６から出力された各モデル１〜Ｍに対応する砂循環量
Ｂ１〜ＢＭとを加重平均して評価を行うことで現状プロ
セスの炉内砂循環量推定値Ｓを算出（合成）するように
した評価結果合成ブロック３９と、該炉内砂循環量推定
値Ｓを逆正規化してモニター３５に表示させるようにし
た逆正規化ブロック４０とを備えた構成としてある。な
お、上記データベース３６では、運転毎の実データを基
に旧データを更新・修正して（場合によっては自動学習
して）精度の高いモデルにするようにしてある。The in-furnace sand circulation amount estimator 29 is configured as shown in detail in FIG. That is, a large number of sand circulation amounts (specifically, numerical values in a normalized range of 0 to 1, or physical quantities) determined by the pressure distribution and the temperature distribution in the furnace 1 using experimental or theoretical data in advance. Model 1
Database 36 to be stored as .about.M
And the current process state (normalized by the normalization block 37) which is the furnace pressure distribution obtained by each of the models 1 to M and each pressure detector 27 and the furnace temperature distribution obtained by each temperature detector 28. data X 1 to X N) fit between (similar degree) a 1 to a and data comparison evaluation block 38 so as to calculate the M, the data comparison is calculated by the evaluation block 38 the adaptability a 1 to a M and the furnace sand circulation rate estimate S of the current process by performing the evaluation by using the weighted averages of the sand circulation rate B 1 .about.B M corresponding to each model 1~M output from the database 36 And a denormalization block 40 for denormalizing the in-furnace sand circulating amount estimation value S and displaying it on the monitor 35. . In the database 36, the old data is updated / corrected based on the actual data of each operation (in some cases, automatically learned) to obtain a model with high accuracy.
【００１７】又、上記外部熱交換器内砂循環量推定器２
９´は、現状プロセスとして圧力検出器３０ａ，３０ｂ
及び温度検出器３１ａ，３１ｂ、蒸気温度計３２、水量
計３３の計測値を用いる他は上記炉内砂循環量推定器２
９と同様なブロック構成としてあり、図３に示す如く、
炉内砂循環量推定器２９と対応する部分の符号にダッシ
ュを付して示してある。Further, the above-mentioned sand circulation amount estimator 2 in the external heat exchanger
9 'is a pressure detector 30a, 30b as a current process.
Except for using the measured values of the temperature detectors 31a and 31b, the steam thermometer 32, and the water meter 33,
9 has the same block configuration as shown in FIG.
The reference numerals of the parts corresponding to the in-furnace sand circulation amount estimator 29 are shown with dashes.
【００１８】上記データベース３６や３６´に蓄積させ
る砂循環量のモデルとしては、物理的な例を示すと、表
１、表２、表３、表４、表５に示す如くである。なお、
表１、表２は火炉１の部分について、表３、表４、表５
は外部熱交換器１５の部分について示している。Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 show physical examples of models of the amount of sand circulation accumulated in the databases 36 and 36 '. In addition,
Tables 1 and 2 show the parts of the furnace 1 in Tables 3, 4, and 5, respectively.
Indicates the portion of the external heat exchanger 15.
【００１９】 又、表１の状態を具体的な圧力分布として対応させて示
すと図４（イ）（ロ）（ハ）（二）（ホ）の如くであ
り、表２の状態を具体的な温度分布として対応させて示
すと図５（イ）（ロ）（ハ）（二）（ホ）の如くであ
る。[0019] Further, the states in Table 1 are shown as corresponding specific pressure distributions as shown in FIGS. 4 (a), (b), (c), (2) and (e), and the states in Table 2 correspond to specific temperature distributions. 5 (a), (b), (c), (2), and (e).
【００２０】更に、上記砂循環量制御器３４は、図６に
詳細を示す如き構成としてある。すなわち、炉内砂循環
量推定値Ｓと砂循環量目標値Ｓ０とを比較する比較ブロ
ック４１と、外部熱交換器内砂循環量推定値Ｓ´と砂循
環量目標値Ｓ０とを比較する比較ブロック４２と、両比
較ブロック４１，４２からの信号を基に流量調整ダンパ
２２や２４へＰＩＤ制御の単ループで制御指令Ｃ１やＣ
２を送る空気量補正演算ブロック４３と、上記推定値Ｓ
とＳ´のバランスを評価する砂循環量評価ブロック４４
と、上記制御指令Ｃ１とＣ２を基に空気量のバランスを
評価する空気量評価ブロック４５と、これら２つのブロ
ック４４と４５の結果を基に砂循環量と空気量のバラン
スを判定してアンバランスが過大のときに比較的応答の
遅い上記ＰＩＤ制御の空気量補正演算ブロック４３に直
接補正値を加重すること並びに、空気量を増やしてもそ
れ以上砂循環量が増えない、又は、空気量を減らして
も、それ以上砂循環量が減らない等、空気量補正演算ブ
ロック４３の制御が飽和した場合に、補正ブロック４６
を介して目標砂循環量を補正することで速かにアンバラ
ンスを解決させるようにする系内砂量バランス評価ブロ
ック４７とを有し、且つ上記制御指令Ｃ１やＣ２によっ
て空気量を増やしても砂循環量が増えないときに、上記
系内砂量バランス評価ブロック４７から砂投入バンカ２
６へ砂量追加補正指令Ｃ３を出力するようにしてある。Further, the sand circulation amount controller 34 is configured as shown in detail in FIG. That is, the comparison block 41 that compares the estimated sand circulation amount S in the furnace with the target sand circulation amount S 0 , and compares the estimated sand circulation amount S ′ in the external heat exchanger with the target sand circulation amount S 0. a comparison block 42, signals to the flow control damper 22 and 24 based on a single loop of the PID control and the control command C 1 from both the comparison block 41 and 42 C for
2 and an air amount correction calculation block 43 for sending the estimated value S
Sand circulation amount evaluation block 44 for evaluating the balance between S 'and S'
If, it is determined that the air quantity estimation block 45 to assess the balance of air quantity on the basis of the control command C 1 and C 2, the balance of these sand circulation rate based on the result of the two blocks 44 and 45 and the air amount When the imbalance is excessive, the correction value is directly weighted to the air amount correction calculation block 43 of the PID control having a relatively slow response, and even if the air amount is increased, the sand circulation amount does not further increase, or When the control of the air amount correction calculation block 43 is saturated, for example, the sand circulation amount does not decrease even if the air amount is reduced, the correction block 46 is used.
The and a system a sand weight balance evaluation block 47 so as to resolve the imbalance to the speed or by correcting the target sand circulation rate through, and increasing the air quantity by the control command C 1 and C 2 Even if the sand circulation amount does not increase, the sand input bunker 2
6 are to output the sand quantity additional correction command C 3 to.
【００２１】外部循環流動層ボイラの運転時に、各圧力
検出器２７による圧力計測値と各温度検出器２８による
温度計測値が炉内砂循環量推定器２９に入力されると、
該炉内砂循環量推定器２９では、火炉１内の上下方向の
圧力分布及び温度分布と、炉内砂循環量の各種モデルと
が照合されることにより、炉内砂循環量が推定される。
すなわち、図２に示す如く、正規化ブロック３７にて正
規化された火炉１における現状プロセス状態のデータＸ
１〜ＸＮとデータベース３６に蓄積されている各モデル
１〜Ｍとの適合度Ａ１〜ＡＭがデータ比較評価ブロック
３８にて計算され、次に、この適合度Ａ１〜ＡＭと各モ
デル１〜Ｍに対応する砂循環量Ｂ１〜Ｂ Ｍとが評価結果
合成ブロック３９で評価されることにより、炉内砂循環
量推定値Ｓが算出される。During operation of the external circulating fluidized bed boiler,
The pressure measurement value by the detector 27 and the temperature detector 28
When the measured temperature value is input to the in-furnace sand circulation amount estimator 29,
In the in-furnace sand circulation amount estimator 29, the vertical
Pressure distribution and temperature distribution, various models of sand circulation in the furnace
Are collated to estimate the amount of sand circulated in the furnace.
That is, as shown in FIG.
Data X of current process state in standardized furnace 1
1~ XNAnd each model stored in the database 36
Fitness A with 1-M1~ AMIs the data comparison evaluation block
38, and then this fitness A1~ AMAnd each model
Sand circulation amount B corresponding to Dell 1-M1~ B MIs the evaluation result
Sand circulation in the furnace by being evaluated in the synthesis block 39
An amount estimate S is calculated.
【００２２】又、圧力検出器３０ａ，３０ｂ、温度検出
器３１ａ，３１ｂ、蒸気温度計３２、水量計３３による
各計測値が外部熱交換器内砂循環量推定器２９´に入力
されると、該外部熱交換器内砂循環推定器２９´では、
外部熱交換器１５の砂入口、砂出口の圧力分布、温度分
布及び外部熱交換器１５出口の蒸気温度、蒸気温度低減
化用給水量と、外部熱交換器内砂循環量の各種モデルと
が照合されることにより、外部熱交換器内砂循環量が推
定される。すなわち、図３に示す如く、正規化ブロック
３７´にて正規化された最終過熱器１５における現状プ
ロセス状態のデータＸ１〜ＸＮとデータベース３６´に
蓄積されている各モデル１〜Ｍとの適合度Ａ１〜ＡＭが
データ比較評価ブロック３８´にて計算され、次に、こ
の適合度Ａ１〜ＡＭと各モデル１〜Ｍに対応する砂循環
量Ｂ１〜ＢＭとが評価結果合成ブロック３９´で評価さ
れることにより、外部熱交換器内砂循環量推定値Ｓ´が
算出される。When the measured values of the pressure detectors 30a, 30b, the temperature detectors 31a, 31b, the steam thermometer 32, and the water meter 33 are input to the sand circulation amount estimator 29 'in the external heat exchanger, In the external heat exchanger internal sand circulation estimator 29 ',
The pressure distribution and temperature distribution at the sand inlet and sand outlet of the external heat exchanger 15, the steam temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger 15, the water supply amount for reducing the steam temperature, and various models of the sand circulation amount in the external heat exchanger. By being collated, the sand circulation amount in the external heat exchanger is estimated. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, with each model 1~M stored in the data X 1 to X N and database 36 'of the current process state in the final superheater 15 which is normalized by normalization block 37' fitness a 1 to a M is calculated by the data comparative evaluation block 38 ', then, the sand circulation rate B 1 .about.B M corresponding to this fitness a 1 to a M and each model 1~M evaluation The evaluation in the result synthesizing block 39 'calculates the sand circulation amount estimation value S' in the external heat exchanger.
【００２３】更に、上述したように炉内砂循環量推定値
Ｓと外部熱交換器内砂循環量推定値Ｓ´とが求められる
と、これら推定値Ｓ，Ｓ´が砂循環量制御器３４に入力
され、推定値Ｓ，Ｓ´を基に火炉１への一次空気量と外
部熱交換器１５への流動化空気量が制御されることによ
り、砂循環系内の砂循環量が制御される。Further, as described above, when the estimated sand circulation amount S in the furnace and the estimated sand circulation amount S 'in the external heat exchanger are obtained, these estimated values S and S' are used as the sand circulation amount controller 34. And the amount of primary air to the furnace 1 and the amount of fluidized air to the external heat exchanger 15 are controlled based on the estimated values S and S ′, whereby the amount of sand circulated in the sand circulation system is controlled. You.
【００２４】詳述すると、図６に示す如く、砂循環量制
御器３４では、炉内砂循環量推定値Ｓと砂循環量目標値
Ｓ０とが比較ブロック４１で比較されることによりその
差が求められると共に、外部熱交換器内砂循環量推定値
Ｓ´と砂循環量目標値Ｓ０とが比較ブロック４２で比較
されることによりその差が求められ、次に、これら比較
ブロック４１，４２からの信号が空気量補正演算ブロッ
ク４３に入れられ、上記差に基づくＰＩＤ制御の単ルー
プで火炉１への一次空気量を調整する流量調整ダンパ２
２と、外部熱交換器１５への流動化空気量を調整する流
量調整ダンパ２４へ制御指令Ｃ１とＣ２が送られる。こ
れにより、炉内砂循環量と外部熱交換器内砂循環量が制
御される。又、この際、上記推定値ＳとＳ´のバランス
が砂循環量評価ブロック４４で評価されると共に、制御
指令Ｃ１とＣ２を基に空気量のバランスが空気量評価ブ
ロック４７で評価され、次いで、これら２つのブロック
４４，４５での評価結果を基に系内砂量バランス評価ブ
ロック４７で砂循環量と空気量のバランスが判定され、
アンバランスが過大のときには、補正ブロック４６に指
令が与えられて砂循環量目標値Ｓ０が変更されること並
びに上記空気量補正演算ブロック４３でのＰＩＤ制御に
直接補正値が加重されることでアンバランスが速やかに
補正される。更に、上記制御指令Ｃ１やＣ２によって空
気量が増大させられても砂循環量が増えないときには、
系内砂量バランス評価ブロック４７にて、系内の砂量が
全体的に少なくなったと判断され、砂投入バンカ２６へ
砂量追加補正指令Ｃ３が出力されることで、系内の砂量
が速やかに増やされる。More specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the sand circulation amount controller 34 compares the estimated sand circulation amount S in the furnace with the target sand circulation amount S 0 in a comparison block 41 so that the difference is obtained. Is calculated, and the difference between the sand circulation amount estimation value S ′ in the external heat exchanger and the sand circulation amount target value S 0 is calculated in a comparison block 42. The signal from 42 is input to the air amount correction calculation block 43, and the flow rate adjustment damper 2 adjusts the primary air amount to the furnace 1 in a single loop of PID control based on the difference.
2 and control commands C 1 and C 2 are sent to a flow rate adjusting damper 24 for adjusting the amount of fluidized air to the external heat exchanger 15. This controls the amount of sand circulated in the furnace and the amount of sand circulated in the external heat exchanger. Further, at this time, along with the balance of the S'with the estimated value S is evaluated in a sand circulation rate estimation block 44, the balance of the air volume is evaluated by the air quantity estimation block 47 based on the control command C 1 and C 2 Then, the balance between the sand circulation amount and the air amount is determined in the in-system sand amount balance evaluation block 47 based on the evaluation results in these two blocks 44 and 45,
When the imbalance is excessive, a command is given to the correction block 46 to change the sand circulation amount target value S 0 , and the correction value is directly weighted to the PID control in the air amount correction calculation block 43. Imbalance is quickly corrected. Furthermore, when even the air amount is increased by the control command C 1 and C 2 it does not increase the sand circulation rate is
At system a sand weight balance evaluation block 47, it is determined that the sand content in the system becomes totally reduced, by the sand-on bunker 26 sand quantity added correction command C 3 is output, sand content in the system Is quickly increased.
【００２５】上記のようにして、砂の循環量を安定化さ
せることができるので炉内燃焼プロセスを安定化させる
ことができ、且つ外部熱交換器１５の出口蒸気温度を安
定化させることができる。As described above, the amount of sand circulated can be stabilized, so that the in-furnace combustion process can be stabilized, and the outlet steam temperature of the external heat exchanger 15 can be stabilized. .
【００２６】[0026]
【発明の効果】以上述べた如く、本発明によれば、火炉
の下部位置に、一次空気の供給により砂を流動化させる
流動層を形成するようにした一次燃焼室を設け、又、上
記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上部に備えた砂循環用ダク
トを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉の頂部とを連通させると
共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を上記一次燃焼室に連通さ
せ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの途中に、流動化空気の供
給により砂を流動化させるようにした外部熱交換器を設
置し、上記流動層から吹き上げられた砂を、火炉の頂部
から取り出して砂分離器で分離捕集した後、上記砂循環
用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を経由させてから一次燃焼
室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環系を有する外部循環流動
層ボイラにおける上記火炉内の上下方向の圧力分布及び
温度分布によって決まる炉内砂循環量の各種のモデルを
予め求めておき、運転時に、炉内の上下方向の圧力分布
及び温度分布を計測し、該計測値を上記各種のモデルと
照合して炉内の砂循環量を推定する外部循環流動層ボイ
ラにおける砂循環量推定方法及び装置としてあるので、
これまでは計測することができなかった炉内砂循環量を
推定することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, a primary combustion chamber is provided at a lower position of a furnace so as to form a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by supplying primary air. Outside, a sand circulation duct provided with a sand separator at the top is provided, and the sand separator and the top of the furnace are communicated with each other, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct is communicated with the primary combustion chamber, and In the middle of the above-mentioned sand circulation duct, an external heat exchanger for fluidizing the sand by the supply of fluidizing air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace and a sand separator is provided. In the external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system which is to be returned to the primary combustion chamber after passing through the sand circulation duct and passing through the external heat exchanger after being separated and collected in the vertical direction in the furnace. Depending on pressure distribution and temperature distribution Various models of the amount of sand circulated in the furnace are obtained in advance, and during operation, the pressure distribution and temperature distribution in the furnace in the vertical direction are measured, and the measured values are compared with the various models described above to determine the sand in the furnace. Since it is a method and apparatus for estimating the amount of sand circulation in an external circulating fluidized bed boiler for estimating the amount of circulation,
It is possible to estimate the amount of sand circulation in the furnace, which could not be measured until now.
【００２７】又、火炉の下部位置に、一次空気の供給に
より砂を流動化させる流動層を形成するようにした一次
燃焼室を設け、又、上記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上部
に備えた砂循環用ダクトを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉の
頂部とを連通させると共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を上
記一次燃焼室に連通させ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの途
中に、流動化空気の供給により砂を流動化させるように
した外部熱交換器を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げら
れた砂を、火炉の頂部から取り出して砂分離器で分離捕
集した後、上記砂循環用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を経
由させてから一次燃焼室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環系
を有する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける上記外部熱交換
器の砂入口、砂出口の圧力分布、温度分布及び上記外部
熱交換器出口の蒸気温度、蒸気温度低減化用の給水量に
よって決まる外部熱交換器内砂循環量の各種のモデルを
予め求めておき、運転時に、外部熱交換器の砂入口、砂
出口の圧力分布、温度分布及び外部熱交換器出口の蒸気
温度、蒸気温度低減化用の給水量を計測し、該計測値を
上記各種のモデルと照合して外部熱交換器内砂循環量を
推定する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける砂循環量推定方
法及び装置とすることにより、これまでは計測すること
ができなかった外部熱交換器内砂循環量を推定すること
ができる。A primary combustion chamber is provided at a lower position of the furnace so as to form a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by supplying primary air, and a sand separator is provided at an upper portion outside the furnace. A sand circulation duct is provided to allow the sand separator and the top of the furnace to communicate with each other, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct to communicate with the primary combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger that fluidizes the sand by supplying air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace and separated and collected by a sand separator. Pressure distribution, temperature distribution and the sand inlet, sand outlet of the external heat exchanger in the external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system that is returned to the primary combustion chamber after passing through the external heat exchanger through a duct Steam at the outlet of the external heat exchanger Temperature, various models of the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger determined by the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature are obtained in advance, and during operation, the pressure distribution, temperature distribution, In the external circulating fluidized bed boiler which measures the steam temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger, the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature, and compares the measured value with the above various models to estimate the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger. By using the method and apparatus for estimating the amount of sand circulation, it is possible to estimate the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger that could not be measured until now.
【００２８】更に、火炉の下部位置に、一次空気の供給
により砂を流動化させる流動層を形成するようにした一
次燃焼室を設け、又、上記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上
部に備えた砂循環用ダクトを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉
の頂部とを連通させると共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を
上記一次燃焼室に連通させ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの
途中に、流動化空気の供給により砂を流動化させるよう
にした外部熱交換器を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げ
られた砂を、火炉の頂部から取り出して砂分離器で分離
捕集した後、上記砂循環用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を
経由させてから一次燃焼室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環
系を有する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける上記火炉内の
上下方向の圧力分布及び温度分布によって決まる炉内砂
循環量の各種のモデルを予め求めておくと共に、上記外
部熱交換器の砂入口、砂出口の圧力分布、温度分布及び
上記外部熱交換器出口の蒸気温度、蒸気温度低減化用の
給水量によって決まる外部熱交換器内砂循環量の各種の
モデルを予め求めておき、運転時に、炉内の上下方向の
圧力分布及び温度分布を計測し、該計測値を上記炉内砂
循環量の各種のモデルと照合して炉内の砂循環量を推定
し、更に、外部熱交換器の砂入口、砂出口の圧力分布、
温度分布及び外部熱交換器出口の蒸気温度、蒸気温度低
減化用の給水量を計測し、該計測値を上記外部熱交換器
内砂循環量の各種のモデルと照合して外部熱交換器内の
砂循環量を推定し、しかる後、上記両推定値を基に、火
炉への一次空気量、外部熱交換器への流動化空気量を制
御して砂循環系内の砂循環量を制御する外部循環流動層
ボイラにおける砂循環量制御方法及び装置としてあるの
で、砂循環系内の砂循環量を安定化させることができる
ことにより、炉内燃焼プロセス及び外部熱交換器の出口
蒸気温度を安定化させることができる。Further, a primary combustion chamber for forming a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by supplying primary air is provided at a lower position of the furnace, and a sand separator is provided at an upper portion outside the furnace. A sand circulation duct is provided so that the sand separator communicates with the top of the furnace, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct communicates with the primary combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger that fluidizes the sand by supplying air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace and separated and collected by a sand separator. Sand circulation in the furnace determined by the vertical pressure distribution and temperature distribution in the furnace in an external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system that passes through an external heat exchanger through a duct and then returns to the primary combustion chamber Quantity of various types The external heat exchanger is determined in advance by determining the pressure distribution and temperature distribution at the sand inlet and sand outlet of the external heat exchanger, the steam temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger, and the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature. Various models of the amount of internal sand circulation are obtained in advance, and during operation, the pressure distribution and temperature distribution in the vertical direction in the furnace are measured, and the measured values are compared with the various models of the amount of internal sand circulation in the furnace. Estimate the amount of sand circulating in the furnace, furthermore, the pressure distribution at the sand inlet and sand outlet of the external heat exchanger,
Measure the temperature distribution and the steam temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger, the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature, and compare the measured values with the various models of the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger. The amount of sand circulation in the sand circulation system is controlled by controlling the amount of primary air to the furnace and the amount of fluidized air to the external heat exchanger based on the above estimated values. The method and apparatus for controlling the amount of sand circulating in an external circulating fluidized bed boiler that stabilizes the amount of sand circulating in the sand circulating system can stabilize the combustion process in the furnace and the steam temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger. Can be changed.
【図１】本発明の実施の一形態を示す概要図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】炉内砂循環量推定器のブロック図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an in-furnace sand circulation amount estimator.
【図３】外部熱交換器内砂循環量推定器のブロック図で
ある。FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a sand circulation amount estimator in an external heat exchanger.
【図４】データベースに蓄積させるモデルの例を物理的
に示すもので、（イ）（ロ）（ハ）（ニ）（ホ）はいず
れも火炉の異なる圧力分布を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram physically showing an example of a model stored in a database, wherein (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) are diagrams showing different pressure distributions of the furnace.
【図５】データベースに蓄積させるモデルの別の例を物
理的に示すもので、（イ）（ロ）（ハ）（ニ）（ホ）は
いずれも火炉の異なる温度分布を示す図である。FIG. 5 physically shows another example of a model stored in a database, wherein (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) show different temperature distributions of the furnace.
【図６】砂循環量制御器のブロック図である。FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a sand circulation amount controller.
【図７】外部循環流動層ボイラの一例を示す概略図であ
る。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an external circulating fluidized bed boiler.
【図８】火炉の運転時間と砂の粒度との関係を示す図で
ある。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between furnace operating time and sand particle size.
１ 火炉 ４ 一次燃焼室 １０ 砂分離器 １１ 砂循環用ダクト １４ 蒸気管 １５ 外部熱交換器 ２２，２４ 流量調整ダンパ ２５ 給水管 ２７ 圧力検出器 ２８ 温度検出器 ２９ 炉内砂循環量推定器 ２９´ 外部熱交換器内砂循環量推定器 ３０ａ，３０ｂ 圧力検出器 ３１ａ，３１ｂ 温度検出器 ３２ 蒸気温度計 ３３ 水量計 ３４ 砂循環量制御器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Furnace 4 Primary combustion chamber 10 Sand separator 11 Sand circulation duct 14 Steam pipe 15 External heat exchanger 22, 24 Flow control damper 25 Water supply pipe 27 Pressure detector 28 Temperature detector 29 In-furnace sand circulation estimator 29 ' Sand circulating amount estimator in external heat exchanger 30a, 30b Pressure detector 31a, 31b Temperature detector 32 Steam thermometer 33 Water meter 34 Sand circulating amount controller
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｆ２３Ｇ 5/50 ＺＡＢ Ｆ２３Ｃ 11/02 ３０５ (72)発明者 中川 博勝 東京都江東区豊洲二丁目１番１号 石川島 播磨重工業株式会社東京第一工場内 Ｆターム(参考） 3K062 AA12 AB01 AC01 BA02 BB02 CB09 DA01 DA11 DA16 DA36 DA40 DB06 3K064 AA08 AB01 AC07 AC12 AC13 AC20 AD08 AE01 AE13 BA05 BA07 BA15 BA17 BB01 BB05──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F23G 5/50 ZAB F23C 11/02 305 (72) Inventor Hirokatsu Nakagawa 2-1-1 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo No.Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd. Tokyo 1st Factory F-term (reference) 3K062 AA12 AB01 AC01 BA02 BB02 CB09 DA01 DA11 DA16 DA36 DA40 DB06 3K064 AA08 AB01 AC07 AC12 AC13 AC20 AD08 AE01 AE13 BA05 BA07 BA15 BA17 BB01 BB05
Claims (6)
り砂を流動化させる流動層を形成するようにした一次燃
焼室を設け、又、上記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上部に
備えた砂循環用ダクトを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉の頂
部とを連通させると共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を上記
一次燃焼室に連通させ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの途中
に、流動化空気の供給により砂を流動化させるようにし
た外部熱交換器を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げられ
た砂を、火炉の頂部から取り出して砂分離器で分離捕集
した後、上記砂循環用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を経由
させてから一次燃焼室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環系を
有する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける上記火炉内の上下
方向の圧力分布及び温度分布によって決まる炉内砂循環
量の各種のモデルを予め求めておき、運転時に、炉内の
上下方向の圧力分布及び温度分布を計測し、該計測値を
上記各種のモデルと照合して炉内の砂循環量を推定する
ことを特徴とする外部循環流動層ボイラにおける砂循環
量推定方法。1. A primary combustion chamber for forming a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by the supply of primary air is provided at a lower position of a furnace, and a sand separator is provided at an upper portion outside the furnace. A sand circulation duct is provided so that the sand separator communicates with the top of the furnace, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct communicates with the primary combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger that fluidizes the sand by supplying air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace and separated and collected by a sand separator. Sand circulation in the furnace determined by the vertical pressure distribution and temperature distribution in the furnace in an external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system that passes through an external heat exchanger through a duct and then returns to the primary combustion chamber Quantity of different models It is determined in advance and measures the pressure distribution and temperature distribution in the vertical direction in the furnace during operation, and compares the measured values with the above various models to estimate the amount of sand circulation in the furnace. A method for estimating the amount of sand circulation in a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
り砂を流動化させる流動層を形成するようにした一次燃
焼室を設け、又、上記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上部に
備えた砂循環用ダクトを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉の頂
部とを連通させると共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を上記
一次燃焼室に連通させ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの途中
に、流動化空気の供給により砂を流動化させるようにし
た外部熱交換器を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げられ
た砂を、火炉の頂部から取り出して砂分離器で分離捕集
した後、上記砂循環用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を経由
させてから一次燃焼室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環系を
有する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける上記外部熱交換器
の砂入口、砂出口の圧力分布、温度分布及び上記外部熱
交換器出口の蒸気温度、蒸気温度低減化用の給水量によ
って決まる外部熱交換器内砂循環量の各種のモデルを予
め求めておき、運転時に、外部熱交換器の砂入口、砂出
口の圧力分布、温度分布及び外部熱交換器出口の蒸気温
度、蒸気温度低減化用の給水量を計測し、該計測値を上
記各種のモデルと照合して外部熱交換器内砂循環量を推
定することを特徴とする外部循環流動層ボイラにおける
砂循環量推定方法。2. A primary combustion chamber for forming a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by supply of primary air is provided at a lower position of the furnace, and a sand separator is provided at an upper portion outside the furnace. A sand circulation duct is provided to allow the sand separator and the top of the furnace to communicate with each other, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct to communicate with the primary combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger that fluidizes the sand by supplying air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace and separated and collected by a sand separator. Pressure distribution, temperature distribution and the sand inlet, sand outlet of the external heat exchanger in the external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system that is returned to the primary combustion chamber after passing through the external heat exchanger through a duct Steam temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger Temperature, various models of the amount of sand circulating in the external heat exchanger determined by the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature are obtained in advance, and during operation, the pressure distribution, temperature distribution, Measuring the steam temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger, the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature, and comparing the measured value with the above various models to estimate the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger. A method for estimating the amount of sand circulation in a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
り砂を流動化させる流動層を形成するようにした一次燃
焼室を設け、又、上記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上部に
備えた砂循環用ダクトを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉の頂
部とを連通させると共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を上記
一次燃焼室に連通させ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの途中
に、流動化空気の供給により砂を流動化させるようにし
た外部熱交換器を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げられ
た砂を、火炉の頂部から取り出して砂分離器で分離捕集
した後、上記砂循環用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を経由
させてから一次燃焼室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環系を
有する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける上記火炉内の上下
方向の圧力分布及び温度分布によって決まる炉内砂循環
量の各種のモデルを予め求めておくと共に、上記外部熱
交換器の砂入口、砂出口の圧力分布、温度分布及び上記
外部熱交換器出口の蒸気温度、蒸気温度低減化用の給水
量によって決まる外部熱交換器内砂循環量の各種のモデ
ルを予め求めておき、運転時に、炉内の上下方向の圧力
分布及び温度分布を計測し、該計測値を上記炉内砂循環
量の各種のモデルと照合して炉内の砂循環量を推定し、
更に、外部熱交換器の砂入口、砂出口の圧力分布、温度
分布及び外部熱交換器出口の蒸気温度、蒸気温度低減化
用の給水量を計測し、該計測値を上記外部熱交換器内砂
循環量の各種のモデルと照合して外部熱交換器内の砂循
環量を推定し、しかる後、上記両推定値を基に、火炉へ
の一次空気量、外部熱交換器への流動化空気量を制御し
て砂循環系内の砂循環量を過不足がない状態に維持させ
るようにすることを特徴とする外部循環流動層ボイラに
おける砂循環量制御方法。3. A primary combustion chamber for forming a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by supply of primary air is provided at a lower position of the furnace, and a sand separator is provided at an upper portion outside the furnace. A sand circulation duct is provided to allow the sand separator and the top of the furnace to communicate with each other, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct to communicate with the primary combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger that fluidizes the sand by supplying air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace and separated and collected by a sand separator. Sand circulation in the furnace determined by the vertical pressure distribution and temperature distribution in the furnace in an external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system that passes through an external heat exchanger through a duct and then returns to the primary combustion chamber Quantity of different models The sand in the external heat exchanger, which is determined in advance and is determined by the pressure distribution and temperature distribution at the sand inlet and sand outlet of the external heat exchanger, the steam temperature at the external heat exchanger outlet, and the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature. Various models of the amount of circulation are obtained in advance, and during operation, the pressure distribution and temperature distribution in the vertical direction in the furnace are measured, and the measured values are compared with the various models of the amount of sand circulation in the furnace to check the inside of the furnace. The amount of sand circulation in
Further, the pressure distribution and temperature distribution at the sand inlet and sand outlet of the external heat exchanger, the steam temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger, and the amount of water supply for reducing the steam temperature are measured, and the measured values are stored in the external heat exchanger. Estimate the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger by comparing it with various models of the amount of sand circulation, and then, based on the above estimated values, the amount of primary air to the furnace and fluidization to the external heat exchanger A method for controlling the amount of sand circulating in an external circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising controlling the amount of air to maintain the amount of sand circulating in a sand circulating system at an appropriate level.
り砂を流動化させる流動層を形成するようにした一次燃
焼室を設け、又、上記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上部に
備えた砂循環用ダクトを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉の頂
部とを連通させると共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を上記
一次燃焼室に連通させ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの途中
に、流動化空気の供給により砂を流動化させるようにし
た外部熱交換器を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げられ
た砂を、火炉の頂部から取り出して砂分離器で分離捕集
した後、上記砂循環用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を経由
させてから一次燃焼室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環系を
有する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける上記火炉内の上下
方向各部に、圧力検出器及び温度検出器を設置し、且つ
該圧力検出器及び温度検出器による計測値と予め求めて
おいた炉内砂循環量の各種のモデルとを照合して炉内砂
循環量の推定値を算出する炉内砂循環量推定器を備えた
構成を有することを特徴とする外部循環流動層ボイラに
おける砂循環量推定装置。4. A primary combustion chamber for forming a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by supply of primary air is provided at a lower position of the furnace, and a sand separator is provided at an upper part outside the furnace. A sand circulation duct is provided to allow the sand separator and the top of the furnace to communicate with each other, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct to communicate with the primary combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger that fluidizes the sand by supplying air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace and separated and collected by a sand separator. A pressure detector and a temperature detector are installed in each of the vertical parts in the furnace in an external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system that is returned to the primary combustion chamber after passing through an external heat exchanger through a duct. And the pressure detector and temperature It has a configuration with an in-furnace sand circulation amount estimator that calculates the estimated value of the in-furnace sand circulation amount by comparing the measured value by the degree detector with various models of the in-furnace sand circulation amount obtained in advance. An apparatus for estimating the amount of sand circulation in an external circulating fluidized-bed boiler.
り砂を流動化させる流動層を形成するようにした一次燃
焼室を設け、又、上記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上部に
備えた砂循環用ダクトを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉の頂
部とを連通させると共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を上記
一次燃焼室に連通させ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの途中
に、流動化空気の供給により砂を流動化させるようにし
た外部熱交換器を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げられ
た砂を、火炉の頂部から取り出して砂分離器で分離捕集
した後、上記砂循環用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を経由
させてから一次燃焼室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環系を
有する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける上記外部熱交換器
の砂入口、砂出口の部分に、圧力検出器及び温度検出器
をそれぞれ設置すると共に、外部熱交換器の蒸気管出口
部に蒸気温度計を、又、蒸気管入口部の給水管に水量計
をそれぞれ設置し、且つ上記圧力検出器及び温度検出
器、蒸気温度計、水量計による計測値と予め求めておい
た外部熱交換器内砂循環量の各種のモデルとを照合して
外部熱交換器内砂循環量の推定値を算出する外部熱交換
器内砂循環量推定器を備えた構成を有することを特徴と
する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける砂循環量推定装置。5. A primary combustion chamber for forming a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by supplying primary air at a lower position of the furnace, and a sand separator at an upper portion outside the furnace. A sand circulation duct is provided to allow the sand separator and the top of the furnace to communicate with each other, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct to communicate with the primary combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger that fluidizes the sand by supplying air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace and separated and collected by a sand separator. A pressure detector is provided at the sand inlet and the sand outlet of the external heat exchanger in the external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system which is returned to the primary combustion chamber after passing through the external heat exchanger through a duct. And a temperature detector At the same time, a steam thermometer is installed at the steam pipe outlet of the external heat exchanger, and a water meter is installed at the water supply pipe at the steam pipe inlet, and the above pressure detector and temperature detector, steam thermometer, water meter Estimator of the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger that calculates the estimated value of the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger by comparing the measured value of the sand with the various models of the amount of sand circulation in the external heat exchanger obtained in advance An apparatus for estimating the amount of sand circulation in an external circulating fluidized-bed boiler, comprising:
り砂を流動化させる流動層を形成するようにした一次燃
焼室を設け、又、上記火炉の外部に、砂分離器を上部に
備えた砂循環用ダクトを設けて、該砂分離器と火炉の頂
部とを連通させると共に該砂循環用ダクトの下端を上記
一次燃焼室に連通させ、且つ上記砂循環用ダクトの途中
に、流動化空気の供給により砂を流動化させるようにし
た外部熱交換器を設置し、上記流動層から吹き上げられ
た砂を、火炉の頂部から取り出して砂分離器で分離捕集
した後、上記砂循環用ダクトを通し外部熱交換器を経由
させてから一次燃焼室へ戻すようにしてある砂循環系を
有する外部循環流動層ボイラにおける上記火炉内の上下
方向各部に、圧力検出器及び温度検出器を設置し、且つ
該圧力検出器及び温度検出器による計測値と予め求めて
おいた炉内砂循環量の各種のモデルとを照合して炉内砂
循環量の推定値を検出する炉内砂循環量推定器を備え、
更に、上記外部熱交換器の砂入口、砂出口の部分に、圧
力検出器及び温度検出器をそれぞれ設置すると共に、外
部熱交換器の蒸気管出口部に蒸気温度計を、又、蒸気管
入口部の給水管に水量計をそれぞれ設置し、且つ上記圧
力検出器及び温度検出器、蒸気温度計、水量計による計
測値と予め求めておいた外部熱交換器内砂循環量の各種
のモデルとを照合して外部熱交換器内砂循環量の推定値
を算出する外部熱交換器内砂循環量推定器を備え、該両
砂循環量推定器の出力を基に炉内への一次空気量と外部
熱交換器への流動化空気量を制御するための制御指令を
出力するようにした砂循環量制御器を備えた構成を有す
ることを特徴とする外部循環流動層ボイラにおける砂循
環量制御装置。6. A primary combustion chamber for forming a fluidized bed for fluidizing sand by supply of primary air is provided at a lower position of the furnace, and a sand separator is provided at an upper portion outside the furnace. A sand circulation duct is provided so that the sand separator communicates with the top of the furnace, and the lower end of the sand circulation duct communicates with the primary combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger that fluidizes the sand by supplying air is installed, and the sand blown up from the fluidized bed is taken out from the top of the furnace and separated and collected by a sand separator. A pressure detector and a temperature detector are installed in each of the vertical parts in the furnace in an external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a sand circulating system that is returned to the primary combustion chamber through a duct through an external heat exchanger. And the pressure detector and temperature Equipped with an in-furnace sand circulation amount estimator that detects the estimated value of the in-furnace sand circulation amount by comparing the measured value by the degree detector with various models of the in-furnace sand circulation amount that has been obtained in advance,
Further, a pressure detector and a temperature detector are respectively installed at the sand inlet and the sand outlet of the external heat exchanger, and a steam thermometer is installed at a steam pipe outlet of the external heat exchanger. A water meter is installed in the water supply pipe of each section, and the above-mentioned pressure detector and temperature detector, a steam thermometer, various models of the sand circulation amount in the external heat exchanger previously obtained with the measured value by the water meter and A sand circulating amount estimator in the external heat exchanger for calculating an estimated value of the amount of sand circulating in the external heat exchanger by comparing the amount of primary air in the furnace based on the outputs of the both sand circulating amount estimating devices. Sand circulation amount control in an external circulating fluidized bed boiler having a configuration with a sand circulation amount controller adapted to output a control command for controlling the amount of fluidized air to an external heat exchanger apparatus.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000108366A JP4254004B2 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2000-04-10 | Sand circulation amount estimation method and apparatus in external circulation fluidized bed boiler, and control method and apparatus based on estimation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000108366A JP4254004B2 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2000-04-10 | Sand circulation amount estimation method and apparatus in external circulation fluidized bed boiler, and control method and apparatus based on estimation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001289406A true JP2001289406A (en) | 2001-10-19 |
| JP4254004B2 JP4254004B2 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000108366A Expired - Fee Related JP4254004B2 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2000-04-10 | Sand circulation amount estimation method and apparatus in external circulation fluidized bed boiler, and control method and apparatus based on estimation |
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| JP (1) | JP4254004B2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7562641B2 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2009-07-21 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Method and device for measuring circulation quantity of bed material in circulating fluidized bed combustor |
| JP2009229042A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2009-10-08 | Ihi Corp | Circulating fluidized bed gasifier and air flow rate control method and device therefor |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7562641B2 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2009-07-21 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Method and device for measuring circulation quantity of bed material in circulating fluidized bed combustor |
| US8292977B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2012-10-23 | Ihi Corporation | System for controlling circulatory amount of particles in circulating fluidized bed furnace |
| JP2009229042A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2009-10-08 | Ihi Corp | Circulating fluidized bed gasifier and air flow rate control method and device therefor |
| JP2010230283A (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-14 | Metawater Co Ltd | Device and method of controlling sludge incinerator |
| JP2013015266A (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-01-24 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Circulating fluidized bed boiler and operation method of the boiler |
| JP2013155997A (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2013-08-15 | Ihi Corp | Oxygen combustion circulation fluidized bed boiler and temperature control device of the same |
| JP7458513B2 (en) | 2020-07-14 | 2024-03-29 | スミトモ エスエイチアイ エフダブリュー エナージア オサケ ユキチュア | Method for preventing plugging of circulating bed material in a circulating fluidized bed reactor configuration - Patents.com |
| WO2023222228A1 (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-11-23 | Sumitomo SHI FW Energia Oy | Method of and control system for monitoring a process of circulation of solid material in a circulating fluidized bed reactor |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4254004B2 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
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