JP2001288731A - Structure of dam and water quality purifying method for river water - Google Patents

Structure of dam and water quality purifying method for river water

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Publication number
JP2001288731A
JP2001288731A JP2000101861A JP2000101861A JP2001288731A JP 2001288731 A JP2001288731 A JP 2001288731A JP 2000101861 A JP2000101861 A JP 2000101861A JP 2000101861 A JP2000101861 A JP 2000101861A JP 2001288731 A JP2001288731 A JP 2001288731A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
river
water
riverbed
dam
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2000101861A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Norio Ando
則男 安藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SO SEKKEI KK
TOEI CONCRETE IND CO Ltd
TOEI CONCRETE INDUSTRIAL CO Ltd
Original Assignee
SO SEKKEI KK
TOEI CONCRETE IND CO Ltd
TOEI CONCRETE INDUSTRIAL CO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SO SEKKEI KK, TOEI CONCRETE IND CO Ltd, TOEI CONCRETE INDUSTRIAL CO Ltd filed Critical SO SEKKEI KK
Priority to JP2000101861A priority Critical patent/JP2001288731A/en
Publication of JP2001288731A publication Critical patent/JP2001288731A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To restore the habitat for fish and creatures living in a river by building an artificial dam or deep water in a river bed in urban areas for the purpose of producing a sandy shoal, a meandering stream, or a head of water and create the almost natural river bed allowing aquatic plants to grow by means of aquatic plant purifying planters or riverbed blocks. SOLUTION: The flat form of a dam body is made to arc in a slantwise or fanwise manner relative to the banks of the river. The difference in level based on the inclination of the river allows the head of water to be small in the upstream section and makes the head thereof become gradually greater toward the downstream section. The structure of the dam 15 provided with an overflow section 6 and the river bed boards with many recessed parts disposed in scale-like, diamond-like, etc., patterns on their surfaces are constructed on the river bed in all the upstream and downstream sections or the midsection between them. The deep water where the fish can live is created in the lower section of the dam 15 or a part of the river, and river water can be freely poured directly from the deep water or by means of an underground flow into the aquatic plant purifying planters, disposed on the side of revetment or in the river, for purifying water quality and the river-bed blocks.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、河川の河床において人
工的に落差や砂洲をつくり水の流れに変化や蛇行をつく
り出すこと、及び、河川の一部に水質浄化用に人工的に
水生植物の生育場所を水生植物浄化プランターや河床ブ
ロックとして敷設し、コンクリート護岸等によって自然
を失われた河床に人工的に自然に近い河床の構築を実現
し水質浄化と生物の生息に寄与することを目的とするも
のである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to artificially creating water drops and reefs in a riverbed to create a change or meandering in the flow of water, and to artificially producing aquatic plants for purifying water in a part of a river. The purpose of this project is to lay the growing place of aquatic plants as aquatic plant purification planters and riverbed blocks, to construct a riverbed artificially close to nature on a riverbed where nature has been lost due to concrete revetment, etc., and to contribute to water purification and living habitat. It is assumed that.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来河川の治水において水制や土砂の流
失防止、又水流の調整と魚道等の確保を行なう方法は、
砂防ダムや堰堤、また、水制護岸や魚道によって行なわ
れている。これら砂防ダムや堰堤は、土砂の流失防止や
流量調整を目的としてつくられているが、その構造が川
岸に直角であり、また、大きな段差をつくりながら淵や
瀬もなく土砂の堆積がないコンクリートの平坦な河床で
本来の自然の河川には生じ得ない河床をつくり出してい
る。その結果として魚類をはじめ河川を生活の場所とす
る生物や植物の生息や生育に適さない環境となってお
り、河川による自然浄化等が期待されないのが現在の河
川土木工法と言える。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in flood control of rivers, there are methods for preventing water flow and sediment runoff, adjusting water flow and securing fishways and the like.
It is done by sabo dams and dams, as well as by seawalls and fishways. These sabo dams and dams are designed to prevent sediment loss and flow control, but the structure is perpendicular to the riverbank. The flat riverbed creates a riverbed that cannot occur in a natural river. As a result, the environment is unsuitable for the habitation and growth of fish and other living organisms and plants that live in rivers, and it can be said that the current river civil engineering method does not expect natural purification by rivers.

【０００３】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、治水管理を
必要とする都市部の河川の河床において、人工的な堰堤
や淵をつくり、河床板や河床ブロックによって人工的に
砂洲や流の蛇行、落差をつくり出すことで魚類や河川生
物の生息環境を回復することと、水生植物浄化プランタ
ーや河床ブロックによって水生植物の生育ができる自然
に近い河床をつくり出すことを目的とするものである。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an artificial river or riverbed in an urban area where flood control is required. The aim is to restore the habitat of fish and river creatures by creating heads, and to create a riverbed close to nature where aquatic plants can grow using aquatic plant purification planters and riverbed blocks.

【０００４】[0004]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明に係る構築法は、
川の底にできる砂や礫の河床波がつくる凹凸の形状、つ
まり川幅全体に河床に交互砂洲をつくり、瀬と淵そして
蛇行と落差を構成している自然の川の構造にヒントを得
たものであり、治水管理の必要度の高い都市部における
コンクリート護岸やコンクリート河床に人工的に砂洲や
落差をつくり、これによって生物や植物の生息や生育環
境をつくりだすことを特徴とするものである。The construction method according to the present invention comprises:
Inspired by the uneven shape created by the riverbed waves of sand and gravel formed at the bottom of the river, that is, alternating sandbars on the riverbed over the entire width of the river, and inspired by the structure of the natural river that forms the ridges and valleys, meanders and heads It is characterized by artificially creating sandbars and heads in concrete revetments and concrete riverbeds in urban areas where flood control is highly necessary, thereby creating habitat and habitat for living things and plants.

【０００５】本発明における人工的に形成される落差工
(堰堤)は、その平面形態が川岸に直角でなく、斜めもし
くは扇状に弧をなしており、上流部と下流部で河川の勾
配と堰堤の関係によって落差がつくられ、上流の川岸部
は落差が少なく一方の下流部は徐々に落差が大きな段差
になることを特徴とするものである。落差工の構造は、
台形形状の堰、堰堤形状、半円錐形状もしくは平坦な河
床の一部が平面的に見て斜めもしくは扇状に切下げ段差
状であってもよい。In the present invention, an artificially formed head work
The (bank) is not a right angle to the river bank but a diagonal or fan-shaped arc.A head is created at the upstream and downstream due to the relationship between the gradient of the river and the bank. It is characterized in that one of the downstream parts has a step with a large drop gradually. The structure of the head is
A trapezoidal weir, a weir-like shape, a semi-conical shape, or a part of a flat riverbed may be in a stepped shape obliquely or fanwise when viewed in plan.

【０００６】本発明における人工的砂洲は、斜めもしく
は扇状に弧をなして作られた堰堤によって土砂の堆積が
起り易くなって形成されることを特徴とするものであ
る。また、平坦な都市部の河川では、堰堤下流部や川岸
部分を窪み等の凹凸状の形状をした河床板や河床ブロッ
クを併設することで水流に変化をつくり土砂の堆積を人
工的に起こし砂洲を構成すること、又、泥や有機物の堆
積起こし水生微生物の棲息を可能とする点も特徴とする
ものである。[0006] The artificial sand bar according to the present invention is characterized in that sediment is apt to be deposited by a dike formed in an oblique or fan-shaped arc. In flat urban rivers, riverbeds and riverbed blocks with concave and convex shapes such as depressions are provided along the lower banks and riverbanks to create changes in the water flow and artificially cause sedimentation to occur. It is also characterized by the fact that the mud and organic matter are deposited and aquatic microorganisms can inhabit.

【０００７】本発明における水生植物浄化プランター
は、堰堤の下部の淵や人工的に導水した河床を作り、そ
この一部に水質浄化用に本発明に係る河床ブロックを沈
め人工的砂洲や淵をなして作られ水質浄化に適した水生
植物として葦、ガマ、オモダカ、セリ、クレソン、ヒ
シ、ハス、スイレンやホテイアオイ、ボタンウキクサ、
アオウキクサ、アカウキクサ等を繁殖せしめ冨栄養化し
た河川水から窒素・リン等の吸着を行ない、同時に河床
ブロックと礫や砂による水質浄化を水生植物によって行
なうものである。又、河床ブロックを多孔質のコンンク
リートやセラミック、木材や木炭を使った構造とするこ
とで、水中の緑藻類や微生物が付着繁殖することで水質
浄化に役立つことを特徴とするものである。[0007] The aquatic plant purification planter of the present invention forms a lower basin of an embankment or an artificially guided riverbed, and submerges a riverbed block according to the present invention in a part of the riverbed to purify an artificial sandbank or basin. Reeds, cattails, omodaka, seri, watercress, Hishi, lotus, water lily, water hyacinth, button duckweed, and other aquatic plants made and suitable for water purification
It is used for breeding duckweed and oleracea to adsorb nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. from eutrophic river water, and at the same time, purifying water with riverbed blocks and gravel and sand by aquatic plants. Further, the riverbed block is made of a porous concrete, ceramic, wood, or charcoal, so that green algae and microorganisms in the water adhere and propagate, which is useful for water purification.

【０００８】本発明に係る落差をつくる堰堤の構造体
は、コンクリート製や石積み、又は木坑や木板、鋼製堰
等でも良く、その越流部分は任意の箇所に水平に取り付
けられ、上流端部に魚類用の魚道が作られるのが理想で
ある。魚道部分は落差にもよるが緩傾斜や流量の少ない
傾斜、表面に自然石がついているのが良い。従来より斜
め堰堤は、河川から用水を取水目的で、また、護岸の洗掘
防止水制用としてつくられていたが、これらは河川の自
然勾配に添った構造であり、本発明の堰堤とは使用目的
が全く違っている。本発明では越流部分の構造を河川勾
配に関係なく水平にすることで上流部分と下流部分の段
差を生じせしめ落差及び堰堤としての土砂流出と意図的
に砂洲の形成や河川の蛇行を目的としたものである。[0008] The structure of the weir that forms a head according to the present invention may be a concrete or masonry, a wooden pit, a wooden board, a steel weir, or the like. Ideally, a fishway will be made in the area for fish. The fishway, depending on the head, should have a gentle slope, a slope with low flow, and natural stone on the surface. Conventionally, diagonal weirs have been created for the purpose of taking water from rivers and for preventing dike scouring on revetments, but these are structures that conform to the natural gradient of rivers. The purpose of use is completely different. In the present invention, by making the structure of the overflow portion horizontal regardless of the river gradient, a step is generated between the upstream portion and the downstream portion, and the sediment discharge as a head and a dam and intentionally forming a sandbank or meandering the river. It was done.

【０００９】本発明に係る河床板や河床ブロックは、コ
ンクリート製もしくは多孔質コンクリート製、又はこれ
に類する物で良く、河床板は表面に凹型の窪みをウロコ
状や菱形状に形成したものであり、河床ブロックは短ブ
ロックを格子状に構成され、その格子状の編み目が土砂
の堆積や生物の棲息環境となる形状に適している。逆に
表面が凸状に突起した構造も同様の効果であり凹形溝と
効果がかわらないため本発明では同様とする。河床の流
速の遅い部分では、表面の形状が砂や土砂の流出を防止
する構造になっており、土砂の堆積が起り砂堆や砂洲を
形成する事を特徴とするものである。特に平坦な都市部
の河川では、川岸部分を凹状の形状をした河床板や河床
ブロックにすることで土砂の堆積を人工的に起こし砂洲
を構成することを意図したものである。又、河床板や河
床ブロックや堰堤の構築体に多孔質コンクリートが適し
ていることの理由は一般のコンクリートに比較して透水
性が確保できること。多孔質構造による表面積の拡大と
細孔による緑槽類や微生物や植物の生息や生育に適する
ことがあげられる。河床板や河床ブロックは、表面の凹
凸によって川の中の水流に早いところと遅いところがで
き、水の流れに変化が生じ砂堆や砂洲そして蛇行が起き
て、魚類や生物の棲息環境ができることを人工的に作っ
たのが本発明の特徴である。The riverbed plate and the riverbed block according to the present invention may be made of concrete or porous concrete, or the like, and the riverbed plate has a concave-shaped depression formed in a scale-like or rhombic shape on the surface. The riverbed block is made up of short blocks arranged in a lattice, and the lattice-shaped stitches are suitable for sedimentation and habitat of living things. Conversely, a structure in which the surface protrudes in a convex shape has the same effect, and the effect is the same as that of the concave groove. In the part of the riverbed where the flow velocity is slow, the surface is structured to prevent the outflow of sand and sediment, and it is characterized by the accumulation of sediment and the formation of sand dunes and reefs. Particularly, in a flat urban river, the riverbank is made of a concave riverbed plate or a riverbed block to artificially cause sedimentation to form sandbars. The reason why porous concrete is suitable for the construction of riverbed plates, riverbed blocks, and dams is that it can ensure water permeability compared to ordinary concrete. It is suitable for the expansion and the growth of the surface area by the porous structure and the inhabitation and growth of green tanks, microorganisms and plants by the pores. Riverbeds and riverbed blocks can cause early and late water flow in the river due to surface irregularities, change the flow of water, cause sand dunes, reefs and meandering, and create a habitat for fish and organisms. It is a feature of the present invention that it is made artificially.

【００１０】自然河川における砂洲は、川底の形状や上
流からの土砂の供給と流速によっておこる河床波によっ
て作られるが、本発明に係る窪みを形成した河床板や短
ブロックを格子状に組み込んだ河床ブロックは、対象と
する河川の流速と土砂の係留目的によって作られる。つ
まり水制機能のない早い河床では、凹凸形状の大きい物
を計画的に施工することで砂洲を形成することができる
ことが特徴である。この砂洲の構成は、河川に自然な蛇
行を作るのみならず、堆積物層を構成し水性植物の繁殖
や微生物の棲息を促し本来の河川の自然を再構築するこ
とになり、動植物や微生物による冨栄養物質としての窒
素・リン等の吸着による水質浄化が促進され、結果とし
て都市部の河川の浄化に貢献することができる。Reefs in natural rivers are formed by riverbed waves generated by the shape of the riverbed and the supply and flow of sediment from the upstream, and the riverbeds according to the present invention, in which riverbed plates or short blocks having depressions formed therein, are incorporated in a grid pattern. Blocks are created according to the target river velocity and sediment mooring purpose. In other words, on a fast riverbed without a flood control function, it is a feature that sandbars can be formed by constructing objects with large irregularities in a planned manner. The composition of this reef not only creates a natural meandering in the river, but also forms a sediment layer, promotes the breeding of aquatic plants and the inhabitation of microorganisms, and rebuilds the natural nature of the river. Water purification by adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus as eutrophic substances is promoted, and as a result, it can contribute to purification of rivers in urban areas.

【００１１】水生植物浄化プランターの設置による水生
植物による水質浄化能力は、葦の場合で窒素除去速度
０．２８ｇ／ｍ２／日、リン除去速度０．２８ｇ／ｍ２
／日（成長している季節）であり地下茎から吸収され
る。同時に葉や茎から水中土壌に５．４５ｇ／ｍ２／日
の酸素供給能力があり、水中土壌や水中に植物に酸素供
給が行なわれ微生物等の活動が活性化され窒素・リンの
みならず河川水中の有機物や汚染物が分解促進される効
果が生まれる。水生植物浄化プランターは、河床ブロッ
クと土砂による砂洲型とプール状に河川水を導入したプ
ール型が想定され、利用する植物や河川の状況に合わせ
て多様な生物や植物が繁殖できるビオトープとして利用
できるため、自然の失った河川における自然回復に適し
ている。The water purification ability of aquatic plants by installing an aquatic plant purification planter is as follows. In the case of reeds, the nitrogen removal rate is 0.28 g / m 2 / day, and the phosphorus removal rate is 0.28 g / m 2.
/ Day (growing season) and absorbed from the rhizome. At the same time, there is an oxygen supply capacity of 5.45 g / m 2 / day from the leaves and stems to the underwater soil, oxygen is supplied to the plants in the underwater soil and water, and the activities of microorganisms are activated. This has the effect of promoting the decomposition of organic matter and contaminants in the water. The aquatic plant purification planter is supposed to be a sandbank type with riverbed blocks and earth and sand, and a pool type with river water introduced in the form of a pool, and can be used as a biotope where various organisms and plants can breed according to the plants and river conditions used. Therefore, it is suitable for natural restoration in rivers where nature has lost.

【００１２】本発明に係る堰堤の構造における魚道は、
上流端部に設けられる事で越流部分の落差をなくし、魚
類をはじめ様々な生物の通行を疎外しないのが特徴であ
る。本発明で達成される落差の少ない魚道の構造は、従
来の階段形魚道や流速の早い急傾斜魚道に比較して、落
差が少ない分より自然な状態がつくられる。The fishway in the structure of the dam according to the present invention is:
It is characterized by the fact that it is provided at the upstream end to eliminate the head of the overflow area and to keep the traffic of various organisms including fishes from alienating. The structure of the fishway with a small head achieved by the present invention can produce a more natural state as compared with a conventional stepped fishway or a steeply sloping fishway with a high flow velocity because of the small head.

【００１３】[0013]

【実施例】 以下に、実施例に従って詳細に説明する。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail according to examples.

【００１４】[0014]

【実施例１】 図１は従来河川のモデル図で、堤防１、
河川敷２、護岸３によって直線的に整備されている例が
多い。又、河川によっては河床４もコンクリートで固め
られた水路となり、土砂の供給もなく動植物の生息がで
きない河川が増えている。Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a model diagram of a conventional river, embankment 1,
In many cases, the riverbed 2 and the revetment 3 are linearly maintained. In addition, depending on the river, the riverbed 4 is also a water channel hardened with concrete, and there is an increase in the number of rivers that cannot supply animals and plants without the supply of sediment.

【００１５】[0015]

【実施例２】 図２、図３は、本発明に係る堰堤１５の
実施例図である。図２は堰堤本体５を川岸に対し斜めに
したものであり、図３は扇形の堰堤本体５で、何れも、
堰堤本体５の越流部６を河川の自然勾配に関係なく水平
にすることで、越流部６の上流部と下流部では段差７が
違ってくる。落差(段差)７の少ない上流部が自然の魚道
８に適したものとなる。また、堰堤１５の下流では非越
流部６’や越流部６の高低差が大きくなり砂防ダム同様
の土砂を堆積し、流れが制御されることで砂洲９を形成
する。交互にこの形式の堰堤１５を架設することで川の
流れは自然な蛇行を持った河床４構造となり、護岸３に
計画的な交互の砂洲９、９…をつくることができる。Second Embodiment FIGS. 2 and 3 are views showing an embodiment of a bank 15 according to the present invention. FIG. 2 shows the main body 5 of the bank oblique to the river bank, and FIG. 3 shows the main body 5 of a fan-shaped bank.
By making the overflow section 6 of the dam body 5 horizontal regardless of the natural gradient of the river, the step 7 differs between the upstream section and the downstream section of the overflow section 6. The upstream part with few heads (steps) 7 is suitable for a natural fishway 8. In addition, the level difference between the non-overflow portion 6 ′ and the overflow portion 6 becomes large downstream of the dam 15, and sediment like the sabo dam is deposited, and the sand is formed by controlling the flow. By alternately arranging the dams 15 of this type, the river flow becomes a riverbed 4 structure having a natural meandering, and planned alternate reefs 9, 9...

【００１６】図４は斜めの堰堤本体５を全面切り下げ型
の堰堤１５としたものの実施例である。この場合も越流
部６の上流部と下流部では段差７が違ってくる。落差７
の少ない上流部が自然の魚道８となり、下流部の高低差
が大きくなり落差を生じて滝状になることで水中に酸素
の供給を行なうことができる。この場合、堰堤１５に非
越流部６’が無いため砂洲９の形成が起こりにくいが、
護岸部分に、土砂の堆積がしやすい河床板１０や河床ブ
ロック１１を施工することで交互に砂洲９，９をつくる
ことができる。又、平面的な都市部の河川では半円錐形
の堰堤１５(図５)を交互に設置し図４の切り下げ堰堤と
同様の効果を得ることが可能で蛇行と交互砂洲９，９を
つくることができる。半円錐形の堰堤１５はコンクリー
トにて作られ表面に自然石を貼り自然な仕上げをつくる
と景観に良い効果がある。FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the diagonal weir body 5 is formed as a full-down type weir 15. Also in this case, the step 7 is different between the upstream part and the downstream part of the overflow part 6. Head 7
The upstream part where the number is small becomes the natural fishway 8, and the height difference of the downstream part becomes large, causing a drop and a waterfall, so that oxygen can be supplied into the water. In this case, since the non-overflow portion 6 ′ is not provided in the dam 15, the formation of the reef 9 is unlikely to occur.
By constructing a riverbed plate 10 or a riverbed block 11 on which sediment is easily deposited on the revetment portion, reefs 9 and 9 can be formed alternately. Also, in a flat urban river, semi-conical dams 15 (FIG. 5) are alternately installed to obtain the same effect as the cut-down dam of FIG. Can be. The semi-conical weir 15 is made of concrete, and natural stone is applied to the surface to create a natural finish.

【００１７】[0017]

【実施例３】図６は、川の流れによって河床に作られる
砂堆の平面形状図で、図７は河底の水流に平行した川の
断面図である。図６に示す線は、砂や礫が水流による河
床波によって発生し砂連(符号９で示す。)、砂堆(符号
９で示す。)、砂洲９と発展する際の砂堆９の描く曲線
を表している。この河床の凹凸によって川の中に水流の
早いところと遅いところができ、河床に交互に砂洲が発
達し川全体に蛇行が起き瀬や淵ができる。この作用によ
って魚類や水生生物の棲息環境や河川植物等の生育環境
が作られる。つまり、魚類をはじめとする生物や植物は
川の持つ自然の形態に合わせて棲息や生育が可能であ
る。本発明では堰堤が斜であることや円弧形であるこ
と、河床板や河床ブロックの形態的理由はこの理由によ
るものであり、実施例６、７に示す河床板の形状の根拠
であり発明の重要なポイントである。[Embodiment 3] FIG. 6 is a plan view of a sand dune formed on a riverbed by the flow of a river, and FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the river parallel to the water flow at the bottom of the river. The line shown in FIG. 6 depicts the sandbank 9 when sand and gravel are developed due to the riverbed waves caused by the water flow, and the sandbanks (indicated by reference numeral 9), sandbanks (indicated by reference numeral 9), and sandbanks 9 are developed. It represents a curve. Due to the unevenness of the riverbed, there are places where the water flow is early and late in the river, sandbars develop alternately in the riverbed, meandering occurs throughout the river, and currents and pools are formed. This action creates a habitat for fish and aquatic organisms and a growth environment for river plants and the like. In other words, organisms and plants such as fish can live and grow in accordance with the natural form of the river. In the present invention, the embankment is oblique or arc-shaped, and the morphological reason of the riverbed and the riverbed block is based on this reason, and is the basis of the shape of the riverbed shown in Embodiments 6 and 7. Is an important point.

【００１８】[0018]

【実施例４】 図８は、切り下げ堰堤１５の実施例図で
ある。越流部６の構造は上流部と下流部では河川の勾配
によって段差が違ってくる。落差の少ない上流部に緩傾
斜の魚道８を設置し魚類や水正生物の上下流域への往来
を考慮した構造となる。同時に越流部６で落差を生じる
部分は水流の落差による空気の巻き込みによって水中に
酸素の供給を行なう機能を有することになる。堰堤１５
の下部には魚類の棲息が可能な淵１２を人工的に作り、
そこから直接もしくは地下伏流によって護岸３側に水質
浄化作用を人工的に装置化した水生植物浄化プランター
１３に河川水を引き込み水性植物によって冨栄養素であ
る窒素・リン等の吸収と礫や砂による水質のろ過等を行
い河川水の浄化を可能とした水生浄化構造を人工的に提
供するものである。図８は、越流部６と非越流部６’を
併設した例であるが、中小河川では非越流部６’を設け
ない堰堤１５も同様の構造で設置可能である。水生植物
浄化プランター１３は、堰堤１５の下部の淵１２や堰堤
１５から人工的に流れを作りそこから直接もしくは地下
伏流によって導水する構造が適している。Fourth Embodiment FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of the devaluation weir 15. The structure of the overflow section 6 has a step difference between the upstream section and the downstream section due to the gradient of the river. A gently sloped fishway 8 is installed in the upstream part where the head is small, and the structure takes into account the traffic of fish and aquatic organisms to the upstream and downstream areas. At the same time, the portion of the overflow section 6 where a head is formed has a function of supplying oxygen into water by entrainment of air due to the head of the water flow. Dam 15
In the lower part of the pool, artificially create a pool 12 where fish can live,
From there, the river water is drawn into an aquatic plant purification planter 13 that has artificially installed a water purification function on the revetment 3 side directly or by underground underground water. The water plant absorbs the nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and the water quality by gravel and sand. It is intended to artificially provide an aquatic purification structure capable of purifying river water by performing filtration or the like. FIG. 8 shows an example in which the overflow section 6 and the non-overflow section 6 ′ are provided side by side. However, in a small or medium-sized river, a dam 15 having no non-overflow section 6 ′ can be installed with the same structure. The aquatic plant purification planter 13 has a suitable structure in which a flow is artificially generated from the lower edge 12 or the dam 15 of the dam 15 and the water is guided directly therefrom or by underground flow.

【００１９】[0019]

【実施例５】図９は、堰堤１５と水生植物浄化プランタ
ー１３の実施例図である。堰堤１５の下部の淵１２や堰
堤１５から人工的に流れを作りそこから直接もしくは地
下伏流によって導水するのが適していると前述したが、
河川巾の広いところでは水生植物浄化プランター１３を
河川の広い部分に大規模に設置し、導水用の淵１２を複
数個櫛形に設けて人工的に河川水を導入して水質浄化を
行なう方法や、護岸堤防１の一部を凹形に窪ませ水生植
物浄化プランターを設置する方法でも良い。この水生植
物浄化プランター１３は、河川水を人工的に引き込み水
性植物によって冨栄養素である窒素・リン等の吸着と礫
や砂による水質のろ過、水中微生物による有機物や汚濁
物質の分解を行い河川水の浄化を目的に設置されるもの
であるが、沈床４部分の構造は図１３、図１４に示す河
床ブロックの様に短ブロック１４，１４…を編み目状で
尚且つ表面が多孔質なコンクリートや自然石や木材等が
組み込まれた製品が適しており、洪水による表面の礫や
土砂の洗掘を防止できる構造が適している。図９は河川
巾の広い河川の事例図で、水生植物浄化プランター１３
は河床ブロック１１を護岸に複数個所定の巾で設置し、
導水用の淵１２が上流部に大きく食い込んでその表面に
植物が繁殖している構造の事例を示している。Embodiment 5 FIG. 9 is a view showing an embodiment of a dam 15 and a planter 13 for purifying aquatic plants. As described above, it is suitable to artificially create a flow from the lower ridge 12 and the bank 15 of the bank 15 and to conduct water therefrom directly or by underground flow.
In a place where the river width is wide, an aquatic plant purification planter 13 is installed on a large part of the river on a large scale, and a plurality of water introduction ridges 12 are provided in a comb shape to artificially introduce river water to purify water. Alternatively, a method may be used in which a part of the revetment embankment 1 is depressed into a concave shape and an aquatic plant purification planter is installed. The aquatic plant purification planter 13 artificially draws in river water, adsorbs nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by aqueous plants, filters water quality with gravel and sand, and decomposes organic substances and pollutants by underwater microorganisms. The structure of the submerged bed 4 is made of concrete such as a riverbed block shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 in which short blocks 14, 14,. A product incorporating natural stone, wood, or the like is suitable, and a structure that can prevent scouring of gravel and soil on the surface due to flooding is suitable. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a wide river.
Installed a plurality of riverbed blocks 11 on the revetment with a predetermined width,
This shows an example of a structure in which a water-guiding edge 12 digs into the upstream part greatly and plants grow on the surface.

【００２０】[0020]

【実施例５】図１０は、川底の断面を表した図である。
河床は、凹凸の他に礫や砂、また、堆積物によって多孔
質で変化に富んだ環境が作られている。そしてこの堆積
物や泥の層には微生物や動物プランクトン、また、藍藻
類等が生息し光合成による有機物の分解、又、水性植物
によって冨栄養素である窒素・リン等の吸収と同時に礫
や砂による水質のろ過等を行なっているのである。この
水質浄化作用を河川に人工的に装置化した構造例が図
８、図９の水生植物浄化プランター１３であり、図１
３、図１４に示す河床ブロック１１を敷設し、土砂を隙
間に入れ人工的に水生植物が生育できる状態を作ったも
のであり、都市部の河川の汚染水の浄化に役立てようと
するものである。水質浄化に適した植物種としては、固
着性の植物として葦、ガマ、オモダカ、ツルノゲイト
ウ、セリ、クレソン、ヒシ、ハス、スイレン、ヒルムシ
ロ、カナダモ、イバラモ、フサモ、クロモ、エビモ等が
あり、浮遊性の植物としてホテイアオイ、サンショウ
モ、ボタンウキクサ、アオウキクサ、アカウキクサ等が
ある。Embodiment 5 FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a cross section of a riverbed.
In the riverbed, a porous and varied environment is created by gravels, sand, and sediments in addition to unevenness. Microorganisms, zooplankton, and cyanobacteria inhabit this sediment and mud layer to decompose organic matter by photosynthesis. Water quality is being filtered. An example of a structure in which this water purification action is artificially installed in a river is an aquatic plant purification planter 13 shown in FIGS.
3. The riverbed block 11 shown in FIG. 14 is laid to create a state in which aquatic plants can grow artificially by putting earth and sand in the gaps, and is intended to be used for purification of contaminated water in urban rivers. is there. Plant species suitable for water purification include reeds, cattails, mosquitoes, vines, vines, seri, watercress, Hishi, lotus, water lilies, hilumshiro, canada, ibaramo, fusamo, chromo, shrimp, etc. Sexual plants include water hyacinth, salamander, button duckweed, duckweed, and red duckweed.

【００２１】[0021]

【実施例６】図１１、図１２の本発明に係る河床板１０
や河床ブロック１３は、多孔質のポーラスコンクリート
によって作られるのが良く、河床板１０は表面に凹型の
窪み１６をウロコ状に形成した形状がよく、河床ブロッ
ク１４は短ブロック１４を格子状に組んで、編み目形状
の凹凸形状になり、土砂の堆積や生物の棲息環境となる
形状（図１３，図１４）が適している。図１１は河床板
１０の形状姿図であるが、窪み１６や凹溝、格子形状に
限ったものではなく、凸形や透水性を考慮して孔を空け
たり、表面に自然石を貼ったり、土砂の堆積を考慮した
同種の人工的製品でも良い。Sixth Embodiment A riverbed plate 10 according to the present invention shown in FIGS.
The riverbed block 13 is preferably made of porous porous concrete, the riverbed plate 10 is preferably formed with a concave dent 16 on its surface in a scale shape, and the riverbed block 14 is formed by combining short blocks 14 in a grid. Therefore, a shape (FIGS. 13 and 14) which becomes a stitch-shaped uneven shape and which becomes a sediment and soil habitat environment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the shape of the riverbed plate 10. The shape of the riverbed plate 10 is not limited to the depression 16, the groove, and the lattice shape. Alternatively, the same kind of artificial product that considers sediment accumulation may be used.

【００２２】[0022]

【実施例７】図１５、図１６は、河床板１０の表面形状
を表した図である。図１５は窪み１６がウロコ形状で水
中では上流に位置する根元部分が深く窪み、下流にした
がって浅くなる溝を呈している。図１６は窪み１６を菱
形状にした例であって、ウロコ形状同様上流に位置する
根元部分が深く窪み下流にしたがって浅くなる窪みとな
っている。この形状によって水中の水の流れに変化を与
え同時に流速に変化を与えることによって土砂の係留や
魚類、または水中生物の生息に適した環境を提供する効
果がある。本発明に係る窪み１６の形状は、ウロコ形状
と菱形状のみでなく円形、楕円形、多角形、ランダム形
と様々な形状が創意される。又、凸形に突起が窪みの全
部に突出する形状でも良い。Seventh Embodiment FIGS. 15 and 16 are diagrams showing the surface shape of a riverbed plate 10. FIG. In FIG. 15, the depression 16 has a scale-like shape, and has a groove in which the root located upstream in the water is deeply recessed and becomes shallower in the downstream. FIG. 16 shows an example in which the depression 16 is formed in a rhombus shape. The root portion located upstream is deep like the scale shape, and the depression becomes shallower toward the downstream. This shape changes the flow of the water in the water, and at the same time, changes the flow velocity, thereby providing an environment suitable for mooring the earth and sand and inhabiting fish or underwater organisms. The shape of the depression 16 according to the present invention is not limited to the scale shape and the diamond shape, but various shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, and a random shape are invented. Further, the shape may be such that the protrusion protrudes to the whole of the depression in a convex shape.

【００２３】[0023]

【実施例８】図１７、図１８は、従来の魚道８の代表的
例である。図１７は階段式魚道８で、もっとも一般的で
あるが、鮭や鱒の大形魚類は対象となるが、弱小魚類や
水性生物の通り道にはならない。図１８は、粗石付き緩
傾斜魚道８の例であるが、大きな落差のところへは適用
性がない。本発明では、護岸に直角に堰堤１をつくらず
斜めもしくは扇型にすることで上流部と下流部に高低差
をつくり、上流の越流部は自然の魚道として対応するこ
とが特徴である。この場合の堰堤１の構造は緩勾配の全
面魚道が本発明によってより実施可能となる。Embodiment 8 FIGS. 17 and 18 show a typical example of a conventional fishway 8. FIG. 17 shows a stepped fishway 8 which is the most common, and targets large fish such as salmon and trout, but does not pass through weak and small fish or aquatic organisms. FIG. 18 shows an example of the gently inclined fishway 8 with rubble, but is not applicable to a large head. The present invention is characterized in that the dike 1 is not formed at a right angle to the revetment but is made oblique or fan-shaped so that a height difference is created between the upstream part and the downstream part, and the upstream overflow part corresponds to a natural fishway. In this case, the structure of the dam 1 makes it possible to implement a gently sloping whole fishway according to the present invention.

【００２３】[0023]

【発明の効果】本発明によって、都市部のコンクリート
で作られた河川や土砂の供給のない河川、又、直角堰堤や
砂防ダムによって上下が分断されている河川に、斜めも
しくは扇型にすることで落差による分断を解消し人工的
な河川の蛇行を促進し、交互の砂洲の形成による自然の
回復と同時に河床板や河床ブロックによって治水を行な
いつつ、自然にちかい河床環境を人工的に作ることがで
きる。その結果として河川における微生物や動植物の生
息、生育による自然の回復と、生物の食物連鎖による栄養
素の吸収や分解を促進し、河川の水質浄化能力を高める
ことができる。According to the present invention, oblique or fan-shaped rivers made of concrete in an urban area, rivers without supply of sediment, and rivers whose upper and lower parts are separated by a right-angle dam or sabo dam are provided. The purpose of this method is to create a riverbed environment that is close to nature by eliminating breaks due to heads and promoting artificial river meandering, and at the same time restoring nature by forming alternate sandbars and controlling rivers with riverbed boards and riverbed blocks. Can be. As a result, the restoration of nature by the inhabitation and growth of microorganisms and animals and plants in the river, the absorption and decomposition of nutrients by the food chain of organisms are promoted, and the water purification ability of the river can be enhanced.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】 川のモデル図Fig. 1 Model of river

【図２】 本発明に係わる堰堤構造の断面説明図。FIG. 2 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a dam structure according to the present invention.

【図３】 本発明に係わる扇形堰堤構造の断面説明図。FIG. 3 is a sectional explanatory view of a fan-shaped dam structure according to the present invention.

【図４】 本発明に係わる切り下げ型堰堤構造の断面説
明図。FIG. 4 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a downfall type dam structure according to the present invention.

【図５】 本発明に係わる半円錐型堰堤構造の断面説明
図。FIG. 5 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a semi-conical dam structure according to the present invention.

【図６】 川底の平面形状説明図。FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a planar shape of a riverbed.

【図７】 川底の構造説明図。FIG. 7 is a structural explanatory view of a riverbed.

【図８】 本発明に係わる堰堤構造と水生植物プランタ
ーの配置説明図。FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of the arrangement of a dam structure and an aquatic planter according to the present invention.

【図９】 本発明に係わる堰堤構造と水生植物プランタ
ーの他配置説明図。FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing another arrangement of the dam structure and the aquatic planter according to the present invention.

【図１０】 川底の断面モデル図。FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional model diagram of a riverbed.

【図１１】 組み合わせた河床板の姿図。FIG. 11 is a view of a combined riverbed plate.

【図１２】 単河床板の姿図。FIG. 12 is a view of a single river deck.

【図１３】 組み合わせた河床ブロックの姿図。FIG. 13 is a view of a combined riverbed block.

【図１４】 単河床ブロックの姿図。FIG. 14 is a view of a single riverbed block.

【図１５】 河床板の形状姿図。FIG. 15 is a view showing the shape of a riverbed plate.

【図１６】 河床板の他形状姿図。FIG. 16 is a view showing another shape of a riverbed plate.

【図１７】 階段型魚道の説明図。FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a step-type fishway.

【図１８】 傾斜型魚道の説明図。FIG. 18 is an explanatory view of an inclined fishway.

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 堰堤本体は、その平面形態が川岸に対し斜
めもしくは扇状に弧をなしていて、河川の勾配に応じて
上流部の落差が少なく、下流部にかけて徐々に落差が大
きくなる段差とし、上流部と下流部の全部或は中間には
越流部を設けた堰堤の構造。The main body of the dam has a step shape in which the plane form forms an oblique or fan-shaped arc with respect to the riverbank, and the head in the upstream part is small according to the gradient of the river, and the head gradually increases toward the downstream part. A dam structure having an overflow section in all or in the middle of the upstream section and the downstream section. 【請求項２】 堰堤本体は、その平面形態が川岸に対し
斜めもしくは扇状に弧をなしていて、河川の勾配に応じ
て上流部の落差が少なく、下流部にかけて徐々に落差が
大きくなる段差とし、上流部と下流部の全部或は中間に
は越流部を設けてあり、更にこの堰堤本体と逆向き斜め
或は逆Ｖ字型の堰堤本体の場合は頂点位置をずらして配
した堰堤本体とを河川に沿って交互に配した堰堤の構
造。2. The embankment main body has a step shape in which the plane form is oblique or fan-shaped with respect to the river bank, and the head in the upstream portion is small according to the gradient of the river, and the head gradually increases toward the downstream portion. An overflow section is provided at all or in the middle of the upstream section and the downstream section, and in the case of an oblique or inverted V-shaped embankment body opposite to the embankment body, the apex position is shifted at the apex position. The structure of a bank that alternately arranged along the river. 【請求項３】 表面に窪みをうろこ状或は菱形状等のよ
うに多数配した河床板を河床に敷設すると共に、堰堤の
下部や河川の一部に魚類の棲息が可能な淵を作り、淵か
ら直接もしくは地下伏流によって、護岸側や河川の一部
に配した水質浄化用の水生植物浄化プランターや、格子
状に組み込んだ河床ブロックに河川水を引き込み自在と
した河川水の水質浄化工法。3. A riverbed having a large number of depressions on its surface, such as a scale or a rhombus, is laid on the riverbed, and at the bottom of the weir or a part of the river, a pool is formed where fish can live. An aquatic plant purification planter for water purification disposed on the revetment side or part of the river, directly from the bottom or by underground flow, and a method of water purification for river water that allows the river water to be drawn into the gridbed block.
JP2000101861A 2000-04-04 2000-04-04 Structure of dam and water quality purifying method for river water Pending JP2001288731A (en)

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