JP2001186847A - Feed composition for fish breeding - Google Patents
Feed composition for fish breedingInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001186847A JP2001186847A JP2000000918A JP2000000918A JP2001186847A JP 2001186847 A JP2001186847 A JP 2001186847A JP 2000000918 A JP2000000918 A JP 2000000918A JP 2000000918 A JP2000000918 A JP 2000000918A JP 2001186847 A JP2001186847 A JP 2001186847A
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- feed
- stevia extract
- fish
- extract
- stevia
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明はステビア抽出物、さ
らにはα−グルコシル化ステビア抽出物を含む魚の嗜好
性を改良した養魚用飼料組成物に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a feed composition for fish farming containing stevia extract, and more preferably, an α-glucosylated stevia extract, which has improved fish palatability.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年の食生活の多様化に伴い、養殖業へ
のニーズも高く、魚類養殖量も年々成長を続けている。
その一方で養殖業をとりまく環境について目を向けてみ
ると、給餌資源であるマイワシ漁獲量の減少，食べ残し
の生餌による海洋汚染防止等から、従来の生餌主体の給
餌から配合飼料による給餌へと転換が進んでおり、とり
わけ淡水魚の場合は大部分配合飼料が用いられ、海水魚
においてもエクストルーダーペレット（ＥＰ）飼料の出
現により、配合飼料の使用割合が増加しつつある。2. Description of the Related Art With the recent diversification of dietary habits, the need for aquaculture is high, and the amount of fish farming is growing year by year.
On the other hand, if we look at the environment surrounding the aquaculture industry, we can see that the reduction of sardine catch, which is a feed resource, and the prevention of marine pollution due to the leftover raw food, etc. The use of compounded feed is increasing in freshwater fish, especially in the case of freshwater fish, and the use of extruder pellet (EP) feed in seawater fish is increasing.
【０００３】しかし、配合飼料は生餌に比べて、嗜好性
が悪いという欠点があり、現在、嗜好性を改良する為オ
キアミミール、オキアミエキスやイカ内蔵エキス等が摂
餌促進物質として使用されてきているが、これらは、生
もので非常に腐敗し易く、又、供給安定性が無いといっ
た間題点があった。また、摂餌促進効果を有する５’−
ヌクレオチド混合物あるいは、５’−ヌクレオチド混合
物及びペプチド含量が商い酵母エキスを添加して嗜好性
を高める方法（特公平４−６７９４２号公報）等が提案
されているが、これらは高価であったり、飼料に添加し
ても著しい効果を得ることできないなどの問題があっ
た。[0003] However, the compound feed has a drawback that its palatability is worse than that of raw feed. Currently, krill meal, krill extract, squid extract, and the like have been used as feed-promoting substances to improve palatability. However, these are raw and very susceptible to spoilage, and there are problems such as lack of supply stability. In addition, 5'-
A method has been proposed in which a nucleotide mixture or a 5'-nucleotide mixture and a peptide extract are added and a yeast extract is added to enhance palatability (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-67942). However, there is a problem that a remarkable effect cannot be obtained even if it is added.
【０００４】また、ステビア抽出物及び、ステビア甘味
成分である、ステビオシド、レバウディオサイドＡには
ブリ稚魚、クロアワビ稚貝、ドジコウ成魚に対して誘因
活性が事が知られている（Nanada K,水産増殖Vol.43,N
o.1,p.51-55,1995、日本水産学会誌 Vol.59,No.11,p.19
55,1933)。しかしながら、この場合記載されている試験
としては、それぞれ単独の誘因活性をみているのみで、
実際の養魚用飼料に配合した場合の摂餌促進効果につい
て検証したわけではなく、他原料配合間での効果は定か
でない。It is known that stevia extract and stevia sweet component, stevioside and rebaudioside A, have an inducing activity against juvenile yellowtail, black abalone larvae and adult sea turtle (Nanada K, Fisheries Proliferation Vol.43, N
o.1, p.51-55, 1995, Journal of the Fisheries Society of Japan Vol.59, No.11, p.19
55,1933). However, the tests described in this case only show a single triggering activity,
It does not verify the effect of promoting feeding when mixed with actual fish feed, and the effect between other raw materials is not clear.
【０００５】さらに、特開平１１−８９５３９号公報で
はステビア植物の葉、茎を養魚用飼料中に添加する方法
を提案しているが、魚の食べ残しが発生した場合、茎、
葉などの固形物が水中に浮遊するなど、養殖環境に悪影
響を及ぼす事になり好ましくないという欠点があった。[0005] Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-89539 proposes a method of adding leaves and stems of Stevia plants to a feed for fish farming.
There is a disadvantage that the solidified substance such as leaves floats in water and adversely affects the culture environment, which is not preferable.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、養魚用飼料
組成物において、摂餌効果の高い養魚用飼料組成物を提
供する事を目的とする。An object of the present invention is to provide a fish feed composition having a high feeding effect.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは上記課題を
解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、ステビア抽出物を養魚用
飼料に添加する事により摂餌効果の非常に優れた飼料組
成物が得られることを発見し、本発明を完成するに至っ
た。Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have obtained a feed composition having an excellent feeding effect by adding a stevia extract to a feed for fish farming. And completed the present invention.
【０００８】本発明者らは、上記の過去の欠点をふまえ
た上で、ステビアに関しては特には後述するように葉、
茎を含まないステビア抽出物を選定し、かつ、養魚用飼
料へのステビア抽出物の摂餌促進効果を検証した結果、
本発明を完成させた。[0008] The present inventors, based on the above-mentioned drawbacks in the past, have been particularly concerned with stevia leaves and leaves as described later.
As a result of selecting Stevia extract without stem and verifying the feeding promoting effect of Stevia extract on fish feed,
The present invention has been completed.
【０００９】また、本発明者らは、特にはステビア抽出
物に糖転移酵素を作用させ糖を転移させた、もしくは糖
転移作用後にアミラーゼにて糖鎖を調節したα−グルコ
シル化ステビア抽出物に、ステビア抽出物よりさらに高
い摂餌促進効果を見出し、養魚用飼料にα−グルコシル
化ステビア抽出物を添加せしめることによって、さらに
摂餌効果の高い養魚用飼料組成物を得た。In addition, the present inventors have developed an α-glucosylated stevia extract obtained by transferring a sugar by reacting a glycosyltransferase with a stevia extract or by controlling a sugar chain with amylase after the transglycosylation. A higher feed-feeding effect than the stevia extract was found, and an α-glucosylated stevia extract was added to the fish feed to obtain a feed composition for fish feed with a higher feed effect.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の養魚用飼料組成物に含有
されるステビア抽出物は、キク科植物ステビアの葉部か
ら抽出されるもので、ステビアに関しては産地や種に限
定されることはない。抽出条件としては従来適用されて
きたステビア甘味成分を取得する方法で良く、水、熱
水、もしくは含水あるいは無水のメタノール、エタノー
ルなどの有機溶媒にて抽出可能である。特には、抽出温
度5〜100℃、抽出時間1〜24時間の範囲の条件で行うの
が好ましい。また、特開昭51−23300号公報に記載され
ているように、水あるいは熱水抽出時に、甘味成分の抽
出を効果的に行うために、石灰等でｐＨを10程度に調整
することがあるが、これらの補助薬剤の使用について
は、特に制限はない。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The stevia extract contained in the feed composition for fish farming of the present invention is extracted from the leaves of Stevia, asteraceous plant. Absent. As an extraction condition, a conventionally applied method of obtaining a stevia sweet component may be used, and extraction can be performed with water, hot water, or an organic solvent such as water-containing or anhydrous methanol or ethanol. In particular, the extraction is preferably performed under the conditions of an extraction temperature of 5 to 100 ° C and an extraction time of 1 to 24 hours. Further, as described in JP-A-51-23300, the pH may be adjusted to about 10 with lime or the like in order to effectively extract a sweet component at the time of extraction with water or hot water. However, there is no particular limitation on the use of these auxiliary drugs.
【００１１】上記方法にて取得したステビア抽出物は、
抽出終了後、抽出液から残渣を分離除去したものを用い
る。この残渣を分離する方法としては、自然沈降分離あ
るいは強制ろ過等から適宜選択できるが、効率を優先す
る場合には、加圧ろ過が好適である。残渣を分離除去し
た抽出液はこのままでも利用可能であるが、必要に応じ
て濃縮あるいは乾燥させて用いる。また、この濃縮液を
水で希釈あるいは乾燥物を水に再溶解した後、吸着法、
例えばイオン交換樹脂を用いて不純物を除去したもの
や、ハイポーラスポリマー（例えば、アンパーライトＸ
ＡＤ−２、オルガノ（株）製）のカラムに吸着させた
後、親水性溶媒で溶出し濃縮したもの、あるいはこれら
を乾燥させたものも使用できる。また、ステビア抽出物
はステビア甘味料としてとして認可、販売されているも
のでも利用可能である。[0011] Stevia extract obtained by the above method,
After completion of the extraction, the residue obtained by separating and removing the residue from the extract is used. As a method for separating the residue, any method such as natural sedimentation separation or forced filtration can be appropriately selected. When efficiency is prioritized, pressure filtration is preferable. The extract from which the residue has been separated and removed can be used as it is, but it is used after being concentrated or dried as necessary. Also, after diluting this concentrated solution with water or re-dissolving the dried product in water, the adsorption method,
For example, one obtained by removing impurities using an ion exchange resin, a porous polymer (for example, Amperlite X)
AD-2, manufactured by Organo Co., Ltd.), adsorbed on a column and then eluted with a hydrophilic solvent and concentrated, or dried. Stevia extract can be used even if it has been approved and sold as a stevia sweetener.
【００１２】さらに、ステビア抽出物にα−グルコシル
化糖化合物を糖供与体として、α−グルコシル糖転移酵
素を用いて糖を転移させたもの、及び転移した糖数をア
ミラーゼなどにより調節して製造したα−グルコシル化
ステビア抽出物を用いることができる。具体的な製法に
ついては、特公平５−２２４９８号公報、特公昭５７−
１８７７９号公報に記載されている。酵素反応にて製造
したα−グルコシル化ステビア抽出物は、デキストリン
などの糖供与体を除去しない未精製のものでも樹脂等に
よってこれらを精製したものでも利用可能である。ま
た、ステビア甘味料として認可、販売されているもので
も利用可能である。Further, the stevia extract is prepared by transferring a sugar using an α-glucosylglycosyltransferase using an α-glucosylated sugar compound as a sugar donor and the number of transferred sugars is adjusted by amylase or the like. Α-Glucosylated Stevia extract can be used. For the specific production method, see Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-22498,
18779. The α-glucosylated Stevia extract produced by the enzymatic reaction can be used either as an unpurified one from which a sugar donor such as dextrin is not removed or as a purified one using a resin or the like. Also, those that are approved and sold as stevia sweeteners can be used.
【００１３】飼料組成物に添加する上記ステビア抽出物
の割合は、ステビア抽出物の摂餌促進改良が発揮される
割合であればよく、具体的には、魚種、配合されるの他
原料にも左右されるが、添加量が０．００１〜２０重量
％の範囲であることが好ましい。添加量が０．００１重
量％より少ないと摂餌効果が得られず、また２０重量％
を越えた場合では、効果が認められるものの、それ以上
の改善効果は少なく、過剰なステビア抽出物が無駄にな
る。また、α−グルコシル化ステビア抽出物においても
同等の添加割合で良いが、ステビア抽出物より高い効果
が期待出来る。The ratio of the above-mentioned stevia extract to be added to the feed composition may be a ratio at which the improvement of feeding promotion of the stevia extract is exhibited, and specifically, the ratio of the stevia extract to the fish species and other raw materials to be blended. Although it depends also, it is preferable that the addition amount is in the range of 0.001 to 20% by weight. If the amount is less than 0.001% by weight, no feeding effect can be obtained, and 20% by weight.
In the case of exceeding, the effect is recognized, but the further improvement effect is small, and excess stevia extract is wasted. In addition, the same addition ratio may be applied to the α-glucosylated stevia extract, but a higher effect than the stevia extract can be expected.
【００１４】本発明において使用する配合飼料の原料
は、魚粉、小麦グルテン、澱粉など一般の配合飼料原料
を用いることが出来る。As the raw material of the compound feed used in the present invention, general compound feed materials such as fish meal, wheat gluten and starch can be used.
【００１５】本発明の対象となる魚種については、例え
ばコイ、ウナギ、アユ、ニジマス、ドジョウ、キンギ
ョ、ティラピア、ヒラメ、キャットフィッシュ等の淡水
魚、ハマチ、ブリ、マダイ、クロダイ、フグ、アジ、シ
マアジ、ギンザケ、マス、ヒラメ、クロマグロ、アイ
ゴ、チダイ、イシダイ、等の海水魚があげられるが、特
にこれに限定されるものでもない。The fish species to be used in the present invention include, for example, freshwater fish such as carp, eel, sweetfish, rainbow trout, loach, goldfish, tilapia, flounder, catfish, etc. Marine fish such as coho salmon, coho salmon, trout, flounder, bluefin tuna, aigo, sea bream, porpoise, etc., but are not particularly limited thereto.
【００１６】ステビア抽出物を養魚飼料に添加する方法
としては、特に限定されるものではなく任意の飼料製造
工程で添加すれば良い。モイストペレットの場合には生
餌との混合の時点で必要量添加すれぱ良い。ドライペレ
ットの場合には押出し機による成形前の原料混合の工程
で必要量添加すれぱ良い。あるいはペレットにアルギン
酸ソーダ等の添着剤を使用し表面に付着させる方法でも
良い。The method of adding the stevia extract to the fish feed is not particularly limited, and may be added in any feed production process. In the case of moist pellets, it is advisable to add the required amount at the time of mixing with live feed. In the case of dry pellets, it is sufficient to add a required amount in a raw material mixing step before molding by an extruder. Alternatively, a method in which an additive such as sodium alginate is used for the pellet to adhere to the surface may be used.
【００１７】このようにして嗜好性が向上した養魚用飼
料組成物を得ることが出来る。以下、実施例に従って本
発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれによって限
定されるものではない。In this manner, a feed composition for fish farming with improved palatability can be obtained. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】［実施例1］表１に示す組成に従って各原料
を配合、その後飼料１に対し水１．２Ｌを加え練り、供
試飼料を調製した。試験試料にはステビア抽出物（ステ
ビアフィンＨ日本製紙（株）製）及びα−グルコシル化
ステビア抽出物（ＳＫスイート 日本製紙（株）製）、
すでに摂餌効果の知られているオキアミミール、核酸分
解物（リボ核酸（ＲＮＡ）の５％溶液を調製後、リボヌ
クレアーゼ（天野製薬製）を作用させて、核酸分解物で
ある５−グアニル酸，５’−シチジル酸，５’−ウリジ
ル酸，５’−アデニル酸を得たもの）を添加した。EXAMPLES Example 1 Each raw material was blended according to the composition shown in Table 1, and then 1.2 L of water was added to the feed 1 and kneaded to prepare a test feed. The test samples include stevia extract (Steviafin H Nippon Paper Co., Ltd.) and α-glucosylated stevia extract (SK Suite Nippon Paper Co., Ltd.),
Krill meal, a nucleic acid degraded product (ribonuclease (RNA), which is already known to have a feeding effect) is prepared, and then a ribonuclease (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) is allowed to act on the solution to produce a nucleic acid degraded product, 5-guanylic acid. 5′-cytidylic acid, 5′-uridylic acid, 5′-adenylic acid).
【００１９】[0019]
【表１】表１ 単位：重量％[Table 1] Table 1 Unit: weight%
【００２０】１００リットル試験水槽に５匹のウナギを
入れ、対照試料（飼料Ａ）と試験試料（飼料Ｂ〜Ｅ）を
交互に一日一回飽食して吐き出すようになるまで投与し
た。これを１０日間すなわち対照区と試験区を交互に５
回行い、摂餌量を測定した。本発明における摂餌効果比
は次式により求めた。 摂餌効果比＝試験飼料摂餌量／対照飼料摂餌量Five eels were placed in a 100-liter test tank, and a control sample (feed A) and test samples (feeds B to E) were alternately administered once a day until they became saturated and exhaled. This was repeated for 10 days, ie, alternately between the control and test groups for 5 days.
Times, food consumption was measured. The feeding effect ratio in the present invention was determined by the following equation. Feeding effect ratio = Test feed consumption / Control feed consumption
【００２１】表２示した如く、本発明のステビア抽出物
配合飼料には対象区と比較して明らかな摂餌促進効果が
みられた。また、核酸分解物及びオキアミミール配合飼
料との比較においても高い効果があった。またα−グル
コシル化ステビア抽出物配合飼料に最も高い摂餌効果が
認められた。As shown in Table 2, the feed containing the stevia extract of the present invention had a clear feeding promoting effect as compared with the control group. In addition, there was also a high effect in comparison with a nucleic acid digest and a krill meal-containing feed. The highest feeding effect was observed for the feed containing the α-glucosylated stevia extract.
【００２２】[0022]
【表２】表２ [Table 2] Table 2
【００２３】［実施例２］表３に示す組成に従って、各
原料を配合、その後、飼料１に対し水１．２Ｌを加え練
り、供試飼料を調製した。試験飼料にはステビア抽出物
（ステビアフィンＨ 日本製紙（株））及びα-グルコ
シル化ステビア抽出物（ＳＫスイートＺ３日本製紙
（株））を添加した。Example 2 Each raw material was blended according to the composition shown in Table 3, and then 1.2 L of water was added to feed 1 and kneaded to prepare a test feed. Stevia extract (Steviafin H Nippon Paper Industries) and α-glucosylated stevia extract (SK Suite Z3 Nippon Paper Industries) were added to the test feed.
【００２４】[0024]
【表３】表３ 単位：重量％[Table 3] Table 3 Unit: weight%
【００２５】１００リットル試験水槽に５匹のニジマス
稚魚を入れ、対照試料（飼料Ａ）→試験試料（飼料Ｂ）
→試験飼料（飼料Ｃ）を交互に一日２回飽食して吐き出
すようになるまで投与した。これを４５日間すなわち対
照区と試験区を交互に３０回行い、摂餌量を測定し、摂
餌効果比を求めた。Five rainbow trout fry were placed in a 100-liter test tank, and a control sample (feed A) → a test sample (feed B)
→ The test feed (feed C) was alternately administered twice a day until the patient became saturated and exhaled. This was performed for 45 days, that is, alternately in the control section and the test section 30 times.
【００２６】表４に示した如く、本発明晶のステビア抽
出物配合飼料には対象区と比較して明らかな摂餌促進効
果がみられた。また、ステビア抽出物配合飼料と比較す
るとα−グルコシル化ステビア抽出物配合飼料に高い摂
餌効果がみられた。As shown in Table 4, the feed containing the stevia extract of the present invention showed a clear feeding promoting effect as compared with the control group. In addition, a higher feeding effect was observed in the feed containing the α-glucosylated stevia extract as compared with the feed containing the stevia extract.
【００２７】[0027]
【表４】表４ [Table 4] Table 4
【００２８】［実施例３］表５に示す組成に従って各原
料を配合、その後飼料１に対し水１．２Ｌを加え練り、
供試飼料を調製した。試験飼料にはα−グルコシル化ス
テビア抽出物（ＳＫスイート 日本製紙（株））を添加
した。Example 3 Each raw material was blended according to the composition shown in Table 5, and then 1.2 L of water was added to feed 1 and kneaded.
Test feed was prepared. To the test feed, α-glucosylated stevia extract (SK Suite Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.) was added.
【００２９】[0029]
【表５】表５ 単位：重量％[Table 5] Table 5 Unit: weight%
【００３０】１００リットル試験水槽に５匹のマダイを
入れ、対照試料（飼料Ａ）→試験試料（飼料Ｂ）→試験
飼料（飼料Ｃ）を交互に一日２回飽食して吐き出すよう
になるまで投与した。これを４５日間すなわち対照区と
試験区を交互に３０回行い、摂餌量を測定し、摂餌効果
比を求めた。Five red sea breams are put in a 100-liter test water tank, and the control sample (feed A) → the test sample (feed B) → the test feed (feed C) are alternately fed twice a day until they become saturated and exhale. Administration. This was performed for 45 days, that is, alternately in the control section and the test section 30 times.
【００３１】表６に示した如く、本発明のα−グルコシ
ル化ステビア抽出物には対象区と比較して明らかな摂餌
促進効果がみられた。As shown in Table 6, the α-glucosylated stevia extract of the present invention showed a clear feeding promoting effect as compared with the control group.
【００３２】[0032]
【表６】表６ [Table 6] Table 6
【００３３】[0033]
【発明の効果】以上のように、ステビア抽出物、及びα
−グルコシル化ステビア抽出物を配合した養魚用飼料組
成物は高い摂餌効果が認められた。As described above, stevia extract and α
-A high feed effect was observed for the fish feed composition containing the glucosylated stevia extract.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 嶌田 裕治 大阪府大阪市北区野崎町５−９ 日本製紙 株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 2B005 GA01 GA02 GA03 GA04 LB07 MB09 2B150 AA08 AB01 AB04 DD31 DD44 DD57 Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yuji Shimada 5-9 Nozakicho, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka F-term (reference) 2B005 GA01 GA02 GA03 GA04 LB07 MB09 2B150 AA08 AB01 AB04 DD31 DD44 DD57
Claims (2)
する養魚用飼料組成物。1. A feed composition for fish farming comprising a stevia extract.
ビア抽出物である請求項１記載の養魚用飼料組成物。2. The feed composition for fish farming according to claim 1, wherein the stevia extract is an α-glucosylated stevia extract.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000000918A JP2001186847A (en) | 2000-01-06 | 2000-01-06 | Feed composition for fish breeding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000000918A JP2001186847A (en) | 2000-01-06 | 2000-01-06 | Feed composition for fish breeding |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001186847A true JP2001186847A (en) | 2001-07-10 |
Family
ID=18530189
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000000918A Ceased JP2001186847A (en) | 2000-01-06 | 2000-01-06 | Feed composition for fish breeding |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021145636A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-09-27 | 国立大学法人東京海洋大学 | Feed mixture for freshwater fish and method for producing docosahexaenoic acid in muscle of freshwater fish |
-
2000
- 2000-01-06 JP JP2000000918A patent/JP2001186847A/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021145636A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-09-27 | 国立大学法人東京海洋大学 | Feed mixture for freshwater fish and method for producing docosahexaenoic acid in muscle of freshwater fish |
| JP7461634B2 (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2024-04-04 | 国立大学法人東京海洋大学 | Formula feed for freshwater fish and method for producing intramuscular docosahexaenoic acid in freshwater fish |
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