JP2001133424A - Method for measuring limiting concentration of mist explosion, measuring apparatus therefor and method for controlling mist explosion - Google Patents
Method for measuring limiting concentration of mist explosion, measuring apparatus therefor and method for controlling mist explosionInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001133424A JP2001133424A JP31784099A JP31784099A JP2001133424A JP 2001133424 A JP2001133424 A JP 2001133424A JP 31784099 A JP31784099 A JP 31784099A JP 31784099 A JP31784099 A JP 31784099A JP 2001133424 A JP2001133424 A JP 2001133424A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mist
- explosion
- concentration
- combustion cylinder
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、可燃性液体のミス
ト爆発におけるミストの下限界濃度の測定方法、ミスト
爆発における限界支燃性ガス濃度の測定方法およびそれ
らの装置に関する。さらには、ミスト爆発におけるミス
トの下限界濃度および／または限界支燃性ガス濃度によ
り、可燃性液体のミスト爆発を制御する方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for measuring a lower limit concentration of mist in a mist explosion of a flammable liquid, a method for measuring a limit flammable gas concentration in a mist explosion, and an apparatus therefor. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for controlling a mist explosion of a combustible liquid by a lower limit concentration of a mist and / or a limit concentration of a flammable gas in a mist explosion.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来より、可燃性液体を安全に取り扱う
基準の一つとして、可燃性液体の引火点と導電率が採用
されている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as one of standards for safely handling a flammable liquid, the flash point and conductivity of a flammable liquid have been adopted.
【０００３】引火点とは、可燃性液体が支燃性ガス雰囲
気中でその液体表面の近くに引火するのに十分な濃度の
蒸気を生じる最低温度であり、引火点を測定する手段と
しては、ＡＳＴＭ，ＩＳＯやＪＩＳによって承認された
多数の装置や測定法が知られている。しかし、可燃性液
体は気相において、常時、蒸気で存在しているものでは
なく、ミスト状態で存在する場合がある。かかる可燃性
液体のミストの燃焼は、引火点との関連性が低く、引火
点以下においても、静電気放電等の着火源の存在によっ
て燃焼を生じるミスト爆発が起きる。したがって、可燃
性液体を取り扱う場合には、引火点のみを考慮していて
は不十分であり、ミスト爆発が起こらない条件を設定す
る必要がある。[0003] The flash point is the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid produces a vapor of sufficient concentration to ignite near the surface of the liquid in a combustible gas atmosphere, and means for measuring the flash point include: Many devices and measuring methods approved by ASTM, ISO and JIS are known. However, the flammable liquid is not always present in vapor in the gas phase, but may exist in a mist state. The combustion of the mist of the combustible liquid has a low relationship with the flash point, and even below the flash point, a mist explosion occurs due to the presence of an ignition source such as electrostatic discharge. Therefore, when handling flammable liquids, it is not sufficient to consider only the flash point, and it is necessary to set conditions that do not cause mist explosion.
【０００４】また、導電率とは物質の静電気の帯易さや
電荷の逃げ易さを示す指標となる値であり、導電率が１
０-8Ｓ／ｍ以上の物質は一般に非帯電性に分類され、着
火爆発を防止する為の静電気対策が不要とされる。しか
し、帯電したミストの電荷の減衰は、ミストが存在する
媒体である気体の導電率によって左右される。空気等の
気体は一般に導電率が小さく、絶縁性であるため、導電
率が１０-8Ｓ／ｍ以上の可燃性液体がミストとして存在
する場合には、当該可燃性液体の導電率が１０ -8Ｓ／ｍ
以上であっても、ミスト爆発が起こらない条件を設定す
る必要がある。[0004] In addition, conductivity refers to the easiness of static electricity of a substance.
It is a value that is an index indicating the ease with which electric charges can escape, and the conductivity is 1
0-8Substances of S / m or higher are generally classified as non-chargeable,
No static electricity measures are required to prevent fire explosions. Only
And the decay of the charge of the charged mist, the presence of the mist
It depends on the conductivity of the medium gas. Such as air
Gases generally have low electrical conductivity and are insulating,
Rate is 10-8Flammable liquid of S / m or more exists as mist
If the flammable liquid has a conductivity of 10 -8S / m
Even if the conditions above are met, set conditions that will not cause a mist explosion.
Need to be
【０００５】ミスト爆発の指標としては、ミスト爆発を
起こさないミストの下限界濃度を測定することが知られ
ており、当該下限界濃度を測定する装置としては、たと
えば、第２８回安全工学研究発表会講演予稿集第３５〜
第３８頁に記載のものが知られている。当該予稿集に記
載の装置は、所定容積の燃焼筒内に、被検可燃性液体を
ミスト状態で噴霧した後に燃焼筒内のミスト重量を測定
することによりミスト濃度を割り出すとともに、当該ミ
スト濃度における点火によるミスト爆発の有無を確認す
ることにより、ミスト爆発におけるミストの下限界濃度
を測定している。しかし、当該予稿集に記載の装置で
は、燃焼筒内のミスト重量の測定にあたって、ミスト状
態を呈しなくなって燃焼筒内壁を付着・流下する被検可
燃性液体の重量もミスト重量として加えられているた
め、ミストの下限界濃度が実際よりも高く認識され、ミ
ストの下限界濃度が正確に測定されているとはいえなか
った。このように誤って高く認識された、ミストの下限
界濃度では、当該下限界濃度以下でもミスト爆発が起こ
りうる。As an index of the mist explosion, it is known to measure the lower limit concentration of the mist that does not cause the mist explosion. As a device for measuring the lower limit concentration, for example, the 28th Safety Engineering Research Presentation Conference proceedings 35-
The one described on page 38 is known. The device described in the proceedings, in the combustion cylinder of a predetermined volume, and spray the test flammable liquid in a mist state, and then determine the mist concentration by measuring the mist weight in the combustion cylinder, and in the mist concentration The lower limit concentration of the mist in the mist explosion is measured by confirming the presence or absence of the mist explosion by ignition. However, in the apparatus described in the proceedings, in measuring the mist weight in the combustion cylinder, the weight of the test combustible liquid that no longer exhibits the mist state and adheres to and flows down the inner wall of the combustion cylinder is also added as the mist weight. Therefore, the lower limit concentration of the mist was recognized higher than it actually was, and it could not be said that the lower limit concentration of the mist was accurately measured. At the lower limit concentration of the mist that is erroneously recognized as high, a mist explosion can occur even at the lower limit concentration or lower.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】そこで、本発明の目的
の一つは、ミスト爆発におけるミストの下限界濃度を正
確に測定する方法およびその装置を提供することにあ
る。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for accurately measuring the lower limit concentration of mist in a mist explosion.
【０００７】また、ミスト爆発には支燃性ガスの存在が
条件となっていることから、ミスト爆発を起こさない限
界支燃性ガス濃度を測定することが有効と考えられる
が、当該限界支燃性ガス濃度を測定する方法、装置は知
られていない。Further, since the presence of a supporting gas is a condition for the mist explosion, it is considered effective to measure the limit supporting gas concentration that does not cause the mist explosion. There is no known method or device for measuring the concentration of a reactive gas.
【０００８】そこで、本発明の目的の一つは、ミスト爆
発における限界支燃性ガス濃度を測定する方法および装
置を提供することにある。Therefore, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for measuring the critical supporting gas concentration in a mist explosion.
【０００９】さらには、本発明は、前記ミストの下限界
濃度や限界支燃性ガス濃度により、可燃性液体のミスト
爆発を制御することにある。Further, the present invention is to control the mist explosion of the flammable liquid by the lower limit concentration of the mist or the limit flammable gas concentration.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、前記課題
を解決すべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、以下に示す方法、
装置により前記目的を達成できることを見出し、本発明
を完成するに到った。Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, the following methods have been proposed.
The inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by the apparatus, and have completed the present invention.
【００１１】すなわち、本発明は、所定容積を確保しう
る燃焼筒内に、被検可燃性液体をミスト状態で噴霧した
後、燃焼筒内に噴霧されたミスト状態の被検可燃性液体
の重量を、燃焼筒内でミスト状態を呈しなくなって燃焼
筒内壁に付着・流下する被検可燃性液体の重量が関与し
ないようにして測定した結果から、ミスト濃度を割り出
すとともに、被検可燃性液体の前記ミスト濃度での点火
によるミスト爆発の有無を確認することによって、ミス
ト爆発におけるミストの下限界濃度を測定する方法、に
関する。That is, according to the present invention, after a test combustible liquid is sprayed in a mist state into a combustion cylinder capable of securing a predetermined volume, the weight of the test combustible liquid in a mist state sprayed into the combustion cylinder is measured. Was measured so that the weight of the test combustible liquid no longer exhibits a mist state in the combustion cylinder and adheres to and flows down on the inner wall of the combustion cylinder, and the mist concentration is determined. A method for measuring the lower limit concentration of mist in the mist explosion by confirming whether or not there is a mist explosion caused by ignition at the mist concentration.
【００１２】上記のように、燃焼筒の容積とミスト状態
の被検可燃性液体の重量 (ミスト重量）から、ミスト濃
度を割り出すにあたって、ミスト重量に、ミスト状態を
呈しなくなった可燃性液体の重量を算入外とすることに
より、燃焼筒内に存在するミスト重量を正確に把握でき
る結果、ミストの下限界濃度を正確に測定できるように
なる。As described above, when calculating the mist concentration from the volume of the combustion cylinder and the weight of the test combustible liquid in the mist state (mist weight), the weight of the flammable liquid that no longer exhibits the mist state is added to the mist weight. Is excluded from the calculation, the weight of the mist existing in the combustion cylinder can be accurately grasped, so that the lower limit concentration of the mist can be accurately measured.
【００１３】上記ミストの下限界濃度を測定する方法に
用いる、可燃性液体のミスト爆発におけるミストの下限
界濃度測定装置としては、たとえば、所定容積を確保し
うる燃焼筒を有し、当該燃焼筒内には被検可燃性液体の
ミスト発生装置およびミスト爆発させるための着火装置
を有し、当該燃焼筒の下部には燃焼筒内でミスト状態を
呈しなくなって燃焼筒内壁に付着・流下する被検可燃性
液体の回収槽を有し、かつ当該燃焼筒内でミスト発生後
に自然落下するミスト重量を測定しうる測量計を備えた
もの、が用いられる。As an apparatus for measuring the lower limit concentration of a mist in the mist explosion of a flammable liquid used in the method for measuring the lower limit concentration of the mist, for example, a combustion tube capable of securing a predetermined volume is provided. A mist generating device for the flammable liquid to be detected and an igniter for causing the mist to explode are provided in the lower part of the combustion cylinder. An apparatus having a recovery tank for detecting and combustible liquid and having a surveying instrument capable of measuring the weight of mist that falls naturally after mist is generated in the combustion cylinder is used.
【００１４】当該下限界濃度測定装置によれば、燃焼筒
の下部に設けた回収槽に、ミスト状態を呈しなくなって
燃焼筒内壁に付着・流下する被検可燃性液体が溜まるた
め、燃焼筒内でミスト状態を呈しない被検可燃性液体は
測量計の重量に加わらず、一方、燃焼筒内におけるミス
ト状態を呈する被検可燃性液体が自然落下することによ
り測量されて、燃焼筒内のミスト重量が正確に測量され
る。According to the lower limit concentration measuring apparatus, the flammable liquid to be detected, which does not exhibit a mist state and adheres to and flows down on the inner wall of the combustion cylinder, accumulates in the recovery tank provided at the lower part of the combustion cylinder. The flammable liquid to be detected which does not exhibit a mist state does not add to the weight of the surveying instrument, while the flammable liquid to be detected which exhibits a mist state within the combustion cylinder is measured by natural fall, and the mist within the combustion cylinder is measured. The weight is accurately measured.
【００１５】前記ミスト発生装置は、気液混合物を噴霧
させる仕組みからなるものが好ましい。下限界濃度測定
装置におけるミスト発生装置は、ミストを発生させうる
ものであれば特に制限されるものではないが、ミスト爆
発はミストの平均粒径が５０μｍよりも小さな粒径で起
きやすい傾向があることから、５０μｍ以下の平均粒径
を形成させることが可能な、気液混合物を噴霧させる仕
組みからなるノズルの適用が好ましい。Preferably, the mist generator has a mechanism for spraying a gas-liquid mixture. The mist generating device in the lower limit concentration measuring device is not particularly limited as long as it can generate mist, but mist explosion tends to occur with an average particle size of the mist smaller than 50 μm. For this reason, it is preferable to use a nozzle having a mechanism for spraying a gas-liquid mixture capable of forming an average particle diameter of 50 μm or less.
【００１６】前記燃焼筒の開口部は網状物とするのが好
ましい。当該開口部の網状物によって燃焼筒は開放系に
なり、燃焼筒内に噴霧したミストの一部は、燃焼筒外に
拡散されるが、燃焼筒外に拡散したミストは、燃焼筒内
に逆戻りすることはなく、ミスト重量の測定に係わる燃
焼筒の容積を明確に確保でき、燃焼筒内の所定容積に係
わるミストのみが重量測定される。また網状物は、燃焼
筒内でミスト爆発させた際に生じる爆風の燃焼筒外への
風路を確保でき燃焼筒の破壊を防止できる。また、当該
網状物はフレームアレスタの役割をしてミスト爆発によ
り生じる火炎が燃焼筒外にまで及ぶことを防止でき、測
定上の安全性が向上する。The opening of the combustion cylinder is preferably made of a mesh. Due to the mesh of the opening, the combustion cylinder becomes an open system, and a part of the mist sprayed into the combustion cylinder is diffused outside the combustion cylinder, but the mist diffused outside the combustion cylinder returns to the combustion cylinder. Therefore, the volume of the combustion cylinder related to the measurement of the mist weight can be clearly secured, and only the mist related to a predetermined volume in the combustion cylinder is measured. In addition, the net-like material can secure an air path to the outside of the combustion cylinder of the blast generated when the mist explodes in the combustion cylinder, and can prevent the combustion cylinder from being destroyed. Further, the mesh acts as a flame arrestor, so that the flame generated by the mist explosion can be prevented from reaching the outside of the combustion cylinder, and the safety in measurement is improved.
【００１７】さらに、燃焼筒の開口部を錘状にするのが
好ましい。燃焼筒上部を錘状にして傾斜を持たせること
により、燃焼筒の上面部においてミスト状態を呈しなく
なった被検可燃性液体が壁面に沿って被検可燃性液体の
回収槽に流下し易くなり、燃焼筒内のミスト重量の測定
をより正確に行うことができる。Further, it is preferable that the opening of the combustion cylinder is formed in a cone shape. By making the upper part of the combustion cylinder conical and having an inclination, the flammable liquid to be detected that no longer exhibits a mist state on the upper part of the combustion cylinder easily flows down to the recovery tank for the flammable liquid to be detected along the wall surface. The mist weight in the combustion cylinder can be measured more accurately.
【００１８】また、本発明は、略密閉された燃焼筒内
を、所定の支燃性ガス濃度に設定するとともに、被検可
燃性液体をミスト状態で噴霧した後に、点火による爆発
の有無を確認することによって、ミスト爆発における限
界支燃性ガス濃度を測定する方法に関する。上記方法に
したがって、ミスト爆発における限界支燃性ガス濃度が
測定され、被検可燃性液体に固有の限界支燃性ガス濃度
を把握できる。Further, according to the present invention, the inside of a substantially closed combustion cylinder is set to a predetermined flammable gas concentration, and after the flammable liquid to be detected is sprayed in a mist state, the presence or absence of explosion due to ignition is confirmed. The present invention relates to a method for measuring a critical supporting gas concentration in a mist explosion. According to the above method, the limit flammable gas concentration in the mist explosion is measured, and the limit flammability gas concentration specific to the test flammable liquid can be grasped.
【００１９】上記ミスト爆発における限界支燃性ガス濃
度を測定する方法に用いる、可燃性液体のミスト爆発に
おける限界支燃性ガス濃度測定装置としては、たとえ
ば、可燃性液体のミスト爆発における限界支燃性ガス濃
度測定装置であって、略密閉された燃焼筒を有し、当該
燃焼筒内には、支燃性ガス導入管、支燃性ガス濃度計、
被検可燃性液体のミスト発生装置およびミスト爆発させ
るための着火装置を有するものが用いられる。かかる限
界支燃性ガス濃度測定装置により、所定支燃性ガス濃度
における各種条件下のミスト爆発を繰り返すことによ
り、限界支燃性ガス濃度が容易に求められる。As a device for measuring the limit flammable gas concentration in a mist explosion of a flammable liquid used in the method for measuring the concentration of a limit flammable gas in a mist explosion, for example, An inert gas concentration measuring device, having a substantially closed combustion cylinder, inside the combustion cylinder, a supporting gas introducing pipe, a supporting gas concentration meter,
A device having a mist generating device for the test combustible liquid and an ignition device for causing the mist to explode is used. By repeating the mist explosion under various conditions at a predetermined flammable gas concentration by such a flammable gas concentration measuring device, the flammable gas concentration can be easily obtained.
【００２０】また、限界支燃性ガス濃度測定装置におい
ても、ミストの下限界濃度測定装置と同様に、前記ミス
ト発生装置を、気液混合物を噴霧させる仕組みからなる
ものにするのが好ましい。前記燃焼筒は、燃焼筒の開口
部を薄膜で覆うことにより略密閉とするのが好ましい。
薄膜は、外部からの空気が混入するのを防止でき、一
方、燃焼筒内からはある程度通気可能なため、燃焼筒内
の支燃性ガス濃度を均一に安定化できる。薄膜はミスト
爆発における爆風によって吹き飛ばされることにより、
燃焼筒そのものが破損することを防ぐことができ安全性
が向上する。。また、前記開口部は、薄膜でシールされ
た網状物で覆うのがより好ましい。網状物が、フレーム
アレスタの役割をして、ミスト爆発により生じる火炎が
燃焼筒外にまで及ぶことを防ぐ。Also, in the limit combustion supporting gas concentration measuring device, like the lower limit concentration measuring device for mist, it is preferable that the mist generating device has a mechanism for spraying a gas-liquid mixture. It is preferable that the combustion cylinder be substantially sealed by covering the opening of the combustion cylinder with a thin film.
The thin film can prevent entry of air from the outside and, on the other hand, can ventilate to some extent from inside the combustion cylinder, so that the concentration of the supporting gas in the combustion cylinder can be uniformly stabilized. The thin film is blown off by the blast in the mist explosion,
The combustion cylinder itself can be prevented from being damaged, and safety is improved. . More preferably, the opening is covered with a mesh sealed with a thin film. The mesh acts as a flame arrester, preventing the flame generated by the mist explosion from reaching outside the combustion cylinder.
【００２１】さらには、本発明は、可燃性液体を、当該
可燃性液体の引火点未満の温度で取り扱う際に、当該可
燃性液体を、当該可燃性液体に係わる、ミスト爆発にお
けるミストの下限界濃度以下および／またはミスト爆発
における限界支燃性ガス濃度以下に調整することによっ
て、可燃性液体のミスト爆発を制御する方法に関する。Further, the present invention provides a method for treating a flammable liquid at a temperature lower than the flash point of the flammable liquid, wherein the flammable liquid is treated with a lower limit of mist in a mist explosion. The present invention relates to a method for controlling a mist explosion of a flammable liquid by adjusting the concentration to below the concentration and / or below the limit flammable gas concentration in the mist explosion.
【００２２】可燃性液体の取り扱いにおいて、ミストの
下限界濃度や、限界支燃性ガス濃度による管理、制御を
行うことにより、引火点のみでは予期できなかった、ミ
スト爆発の制御が可能になる。さらには、前記ミスト爆
発を制御する方法は、可燃性液体の導電率が１０-8Ｓ／
ｍ以上の場合において有用である。導電率が１０-8Ｓ／
ｍ以上の可燃性液体は、通常、静電気爆発を生起し難い
が、ミスト状態で空気等の媒体中に存在する場合には、
帯電して爆発に通じる場合があり、このような導電率を
有する可燃性液体についても、ミストの下限界濃度や限
界支燃性ガス濃度による管理、制御を行うことにより、
引火点のみでは予期出来なかった、ミスト爆発の制御が
可能になる。In the handling of the flammable liquid, by controlling and controlling the mist at the lower limit concentration and the limit flammable gas concentration, it is possible to control the mist explosion which could not be expected only from the flash point. Furthermore, the method for controlling the mist explosion includes the step of controlling the conductivity of the flammable liquid to 10 -8 S /
It is useful in the case of m or more. Conductivity is 10 -8 S /
m or more, a flammable liquid usually does not easily cause an electrostatic explosion, but when present in a medium such as air in a mist state,
Charges may lead to explosions, and even for flammable liquids with such conductivity, by controlling and controlling the lower limit concentration of mist and the limit flammable gas concentration,
Control of mist explosion, which could not have been expected only with the flash point, becomes possible.
【００２３】なお、ミスト爆発は、通常、引火点未満の
温度で起きるため、ミストの下限界濃度や、限界支燃性
ガス濃度の管理により、引火点を考慮することなく、可
燃性液体の取り扱いを安全に行うことができる。Since the mist explosion usually occurs at a temperature lower than the flash point, the flammable liquid can be handled without considering the flash point by controlling the lower limit concentration of the mist and the limit flammable gas concentration. Can be performed safely.
【００２４】ミスト爆発におけるミストの下限界濃度の
測定、ミスト爆発における限界支燃性ガス濃度の測定
は、前記方法、装置により求めたものを用いることによ
り、ミスト爆発の制御を、より正確になしえる。In the measurement of the lower limit concentration of the mist in the mist explosion and the measurement of the limit flammable gas concentration in the mist explosion, the mist explosion can be controlled more accurately by using the values obtained by the above method and apparatus. I can.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明を図面を参照して説
明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００２６】図１は、ミスト爆発におけるミストの下限
界濃度測定装置に関するものである。燃焼筒１の材質
は、耐熱性のものであれば特に制限されないが、運搬等
の取り扱いの容易なプラスチック製のものが好ましく、
特にポリ塩化ビニール、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポ
リカーボネート等の透明樹脂が好ましい。透明樹脂は、
燃焼筒１内の燃焼を目視で観察でき、ミスト爆発の程度
の把握が容易である。FIG. 1 relates to a device for measuring the lower limit concentration of mist in a mist explosion. The material of the combustion cylinder 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is heat-resistant, but is preferably made of a plastic that is easy to handle such as being transported.
In particular, transparent resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, and polycarbonate are preferable. The transparent resin is
The combustion in the combustion tube 1 can be visually observed, and the degree of mist explosion can be easily grasped.
【００２７】燃焼筒１は、下限界濃度測定の基準となる
所定容積を有するものである。本発明でいう所定容積を
確保しうる燃焼筒１とは、燃焼筒１内の噴霧状態のミス
トが自然落下することにより、測量計２に現れるミスト
重量の数値として、そのまま反映されるように所定容積
を確保しうるものであればよい。また、燃焼筒１内へは
ミストが加圧噴霧されるため、燃焼筒１は開放系であ
り、間隙が必要である。図１は、燃焼筒１の上部開口部
は錘状の網状物１１が設けられて開放系になっている。
当該網状物１１からはミストが飛散しうるが、飛散した
ミストは燃焼筒１内に戻ることはなく、燃焼筒１では測
定に係わるミストの所定容積が確保されている。網状物
としては、フレームアレスタに有効な金属素材、たとえ
ば金網とするのが好ましい。The combustion cylinder 1 has a predetermined volume serving as a reference for measuring the lower limit concentration. The term “combustion cylinder 1” capable of ensuring a predetermined volume in the present invention means that the mist in the spray state in the combustion cylinder 1 falls naturally, and the mist weight that appears on the surveying instrument 2 is directly reflected as a numerical value of the mist weight. What is necessary is just to be able to secure a volume. Further, since the mist is sprayed into the combustion cylinder 1 under pressure, the combustion cylinder 1 is an open system and requires a gap. In FIG. 1, the upper opening of the combustion cylinder 1 is provided with a weight-like net 11 to form an open system.
Mist can be scattered from the mesh 11, but the mist does not return into the combustion cylinder 1, and the combustion cylinder 1 has a predetermined volume of mist related to the measurement. The mesh is preferably a metal material effective for the flame arrester, for example, a wire mesh.
【００２８】燃焼筒１は、通常、高さ３００〜３０００
ｍｍ程度であり、また断面形状は特に制限ないが、通
常、円筒形のものが用いられ、直径１００〜１０００ｍ
ｍ程度とするのが好ましい。なお、ミスト濃度を割り出
す際に使用する所定容積としては、燃焼筒１から測量計
２に至るミストの落下の過程における最小径を元に算出
する。したがって、図１では、燃焼筒１の直径でなく、
回収槽７の直径を基準にする。The combustion cylinder 1 usually has a height of 300 to 3000
mm, and the cross-sectional shape is not particularly limited, but usually a cylindrical shape is used, and the diameter is 100 to 1000 m.
m is preferable. The predetermined volume used for determining the mist concentration is calculated based on the minimum diameter of the mist from the combustion cylinder 1 to the surveying instrument 2 in the process of falling. Therefore, in FIG. 1, instead of the diameter of the combustion cylinder 1,
Based on the diameter of the recovery tank 7.
【００２９】また、燃焼筒１の底面には、燃焼筒１内で
ミスト状態を呈しなくなって燃焼筒１内壁に付着・流下
する被検可燃性液体の回収槽７を有する。回収槽７は、
燃焼筒１の底部の壁面に沿って設けられている。被検可
燃性液体は、燃焼筒１内にミスト状態で噴霧されるが、
ミストの一部は、燃焼筒１の内壁に付着・流下して、回
収槽７に回収される。回収槽７には、排出管８を設ける
ことにより、連続的に回収槽７から排出することもでき
る。Further, on the bottom surface of the combustion cylinder 1, there is provided a recovery tank 7 for the flammable liquid to be detected which no longer exhibits a mist state in the combustion cylinder 1 and adheres to and flows down on the inner wall of the combustion cylinder 1. The collection tank 7
It is provided along the bottom wall surface of the combustion cylinder 1. The test flammable liquid is sprayed into the combustion cylinder 1 in a mist state.
Part of the mist adheres to and flows down on the inner wall of the combustion tube 1 and is collected in the collection tank 7. By providing a discharge pipe 8 in the collection tank 7, the collection tank 7 can be continuously discharged.
【００３０】燃焼筒１内のミスト発生装置３の設置位置
は特に制限されないが、図１に示すように、ミストを上
向きに噴霧する場合には燃焼筒１の下部中央に設けるの
が、燃焼筒１内のミストの分散性がよく好ましいが、ミ
スト発生装置３は上部中央に設けてミストを下向きに噴
霧することもできる。ミスト発生装置３としては、たと
えば、霧のいけうち社製の２流体ノズルＢＩＭ Ｋ６０
０７５やＢＩＭ Ｋ６０１５等が用いられる。ミスト発
生装置３には、被検可燃性液体を導入するための液体導
入管４と気体導入管５が接続されている。液体導入管４
の液圧と気体導入管５の気圧を適宜に調整することによ
り、噴霧するミスト濃度が調整される。気体導入管５に
は、酸素、塩素、酸化窒素等の支燃性気体が用いられ、
ミスト発生装置３により、燃焼筒１内に被検可燃性液体
のミストを噴霧するとともに、支燃性気体を導入する。
なお、支燃性気体としては、通常、空気が用いられる。The installation position of the mist generating device 3 in the combustion tube 1 is not particularly limited. However, as shown in FIG. Although the dispersibility of the mist in 1 is preferable, the mist generator 3 can be provided at the center of the upper part to spray the mist downward. As the mist generating device 3, for example, a two-fluid nozzle BIM K60 manufactured by Ikenokiuchi
075 and BIM K6015 are used. The mist generator 3 is connected to a liquid introduction pipe 4 and a gas introduction pipe 5 for introducing a test combustible liquid. Liquid introduction pipe 4
The mist concentration to be sprayed is adjusted by appropriately adjusting the liquid pressure and the air pressure of the gas introduction pipe 5. For the gas introduction pipe 5, a combustible gas such as oxygen, chlorine, or nitrogen oxide is used.
The mist generator 3 sprays a mist of the test combustible liquid into the combustion cylinder 1 and introduces a supporting gas.
It should be noted that air is usually used as the supporting gas.
【００３１】ミスト爆発させるための着火装置６の位置
は特に制限されないが、図１に示すように、燃焼筒１の
高さの下から1 ／４〜３／４程度の位置とするのが好ま
しい。着火装置６としては、たとえば、放電電極、ニク
ロム線溶断や白金線溶断等が用いられる。The position of the igniter 6 for causing the mist explosion is not particularly limited. However, as shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable that the position of the igniter 6 be about 1/4 to 3/4 from the bottom of the combustion cylinder 1. . As the ignition device 6, for example, a discharge electrode, nichrome wire fusing, platinum wire fusing, or the like is used.
【００３２】また、ミストの下限界濃度測定装置には、
燃焼筒１内でミスト発生後に自然落下するミスト重量を
測定するための測量計２を備えている。測量計２上に
は、通常、受皿９が設けられている。受皿９に、ミスト
発生後に自然落下するミストが液状で溜まり、その重量
が測定される。測量計２としては、遠隔指示パネルを備
えうる電子天秤等の各種のものを使用できる。Further, the lower limit concentration measuring device of the mist includes:
There is provided a surveying meter 2 for measuring the weight of mist that falls naturally after mist is generated in the combustion tube 1. Usually, a saucer 9 is provided on the surveying instrument 2. The mist that falls naturally after the mist is generated accumulates in a liquid state in the pan 9 and its weight is measured. As the surveying instrument 2, various instruments such as an electronic balance which can be provided with a remote indication panel can be used.
【００３３】受皿２上には、ミスト飛散防止壁１０を設
けることができる。ミスト飛散防止壁１０は、必ずしも
必要ではないが、ミスト噴霧後に自然落下するミストは
軽く、回収槽７と受皿９の間を容易にすり抜けられるた
め、ミスト飛散を防止して、より正確にミスト重量を測
定するために用いるのが好ましい。ミスト飛散防止壁１
０は金網等の網状物とすることもできる。A mist scattering prevention wall 10 can be provided on the receiving tray 2. The mist scattering prevention wall 10 is not always necessary, but the mist that falls naturally after spraying the mist is light and can easily pass through between the collection tank 7 and the receiving tray 9, so that the mist is prevented from scattering and the mist weight is more accurately determined. Is preferably used to measure Mist scattering prevention wall 1
0 may be a mesh such as a wire mesh.
【００３４】燃焼筒１、回収槽７は、ミスト状態を呈し
なくなった被検可燃性液体の重量に係わるため、通常、
別の支持体に支持されて測量計２に重量がかからないよ
うに設ける。たとえば、燃焼筒１は上方より吊るす等の
手段により、回収槽７は、横方向の支持体により、測量
計２に重量がかからないようにすることができる。ま
た、回収槽７、ミスト発生装置３は、燃焼筒１にボルト
等により固定することにより、測量計２に重量がかから
ないようにすることもできる。Since the combustion cylinder 1 and the recovery tank 7 are related to the weight of the test flammable liquid that no longer exhibits a mist state,
The surveying instrument 2 is provided so as not to be weighted by being supported by another support. For example, the combustion cylinder 1 can be hung from above, and the recovery tank 7 can be prevented from weighing the surveying meter 2 by a lateral support. In addition, the recovery tank 7 and the mist generating device 3 can be fixed to the combustion tube 1 with bolts or the like so that the survey meter 2 is not weighted.
【００３５】上記図１に示す下限界濃度測定装置を実際
に操作するにあたっては、まず、液体導入管４の液圧と
気体導入管５の気圧を所定条件に適宜に調整して、ミス
ト発生装置３から被検可燃性液体を所定時間噴霧し、ミ
スト状態で燃焼筒１内に噴霧させる。噴霧時間は、通
常、１０〜６０秒程度が適当である。噴霧停止後、直ち
に、測量計２の示す重量を確認する。噴霧停止してか
ら、通常、６０〜３００秒程度放置して、浮遊ミストを
自由落下させる。放置後、再度測量計２の示す重量を確
認する。再度確認したときの重量増加分が、浮遊ミスト
が自由落下した結果示すミスト重量であり、これを燃焼
筒１の容積で除算してミスト濃度を計算する。なお、当
該ミスト濃度の計算には、重量増加分に回収槽７内に溜
まった可燃性液体は算入されないため、正確な浮遊ミス
ト濃度となる。When actually operating the lower limit concentration measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 1, first, the liquid pressure of the liquid introduction pipe 4 and the air pressure of the gas introduction pipe 5 are appropriately adjusted to predetermined conditions, and the mist generator From 3, the test combustible liquid is sprayed for a predetermined time and sprayed into the combustion cylinder 1 in a mist state. The appropriate spraying time is usually about 10 to 60 seconds. Immediately after stopping the spraying, the weight indicated by the surveying instrument 2 is checked. After the spraying is stopped, the floating mist is allowed to fall freely by leaving normally for about 60 to 300 seconds. After the standing, the weight indicated by the surveying instrument 2 is checked again. The weight increase when reconfirmed is the mist weight indicating the result of the free fall of the floating mist, which is divided by the volume of the combustion cylinder 1 to calculate the mist concentration. Note that the mist concentration does not include the flammable liquid accumulated in the recovery tank 7 due to the weight increase, so that the accurate mist concentration is obtained.
【００３６】こうして所定条件で測定された浮遊ミスト
濃度と同様の条件で、別途、被検可燃性液体を噴霧した
後、着火装置６により点火して、ミスト爆発の有無を確
認する。爆発の有無の確認は、通常、目視で行うが、燃
焼筒１の内部に熱電対等を挿入して燃焼筒１内の温度上
昇の有無により判断することもできる。なお、図１の装
置では、燃焼筒１の上部に金網を用いているので、ミス
ト爆発により炎が燃焼筒１外に殆ど出ない。Under the same conditions as the suspended mist concentration measured under the predetermined conditions, a test flammable liquid is separately sprayed and then ignited by the igniter 6 to check for mist explosion. Usually, the presence or absence of the explosion is visually checked, but it is also possible to insert a thermocouple or the like inside the combustion tube 1 and determine whether the temperature inside the combustion tube 1 rises. In the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, since a wire mesh is used on the upper part of the combustion cylinder 1, almost no flame comes out of the combustion cylinder 1 due to mist explosion.
【００３７】この操作を、ミスト濃度を変更して繰り返
して行うことにより、ミスト爆発するミスト濃度とミス
ト爆発しないミスト濃度を探って、最終的にミスト爆発
のミストの下限界濃度を見出す。ミスト爆発はミスト径
が５０μｍ以下、通常は１０〜４０μｍ程度の場合に起
こり易いため、少なくとも前記範囲内のミストの径のも
のを確認するのが望ましい。ミストの下限界濃度は、測
定条件の中で燃焼が伝播しない最高のミスト濃度とする
ことができる。By repeating this operation while changing the mist concentration, the mist concentration at which the mist explodes and the mist concentration at which the mist does not explode are searched, and finally the lower limit concentration of the mist of the mist explosion is found. Since the mist explosion is likely to occur when the mist diameter is 50 μm or less, usually about 10 to 40 μm, it is desirable to confirm that the mist diameter is at least within the above range. The lower limit of the mist concentration can be the highest mist concentration at which combustion does not propagate in the measurement conditions.
【００３８】なお、ミスト爆発にあたっては、測量計
２、受皿９、ミスト飛散防止壁１０、回収槽７は不要な
ので、これらを燃焼筒１から、取り外しておくのが、こ
れらの燃焼変形、破損を防止でき好ましい。ただし、回
収槽７が燃焼筒１に固定されている場合には、作業、操
作等の便宜から特に取り外す必要はない。また、着火装
置６を燃焼筒１の中央部よりも下部に設置した場合は、
火炎は上方伝播しやすいため、ミスト爆発にあたって、
測量計２等を燃焼筒１から取り外した場合、燃焼筒１の
底部を開放口のまま使用できる。開放口は金網等の網状
物で塞いで火炎の下方伝播を防ぐこともできる。In the case of the mist explosion, since the surveying instrument 2, the saucer 9, the mist scattering prevention wall 10, and the recovery tank 7 are unnecessary, it is necessary to remove them from the combustion tube 1 to prevent their combustion deformation and damage. It is preferable because it can be prevented. However, when the recovery tank 7 is fixed to the combustion tube 1, there is no particular need to remove it for convenience of work, operation and the like. When the ignition device 6 is installed below the center of the combustion tube 1,
Since the flame is easy to propagate upward,
When the surveying instrument 2 and the like are removed from the combustion cylinder 1, the bottom of the combustion cylinder 1 can be used with the open port. The opening can be closed with a mesh such as a wire mesh to prevent the downward propagation of the flame.
【００３９】図２は、ミスト爆発におけるミストの限界
支燃性ガス濃度測定装置に関するものであり、ミスト爆
発させるための燃焼筒２１の材質は、前記下限界濃度測
定装置と同様に耐熱性のものであれば特に制限されない
が、運搬等の取り扱いの容易なプラスチック製のものが
好ましく、特にポリ塩化ビニール、ポリメチルメタクリ
レート、ポリカーボネート等の透明樹脂が好ましい。燃
焼筒２１は、略密閉となりうるものを用いる。略密閉と
は、燃焼筒２１内の支燃性ガス濃度調整が可能な程度に
気密性を保持した状態をいう。FIG. 2 relates to a device for measuring the limit flammable gas concentration of a mist in a mist explosion. The material of the combustion cylinder 21 for causing the mist to explode is a heat-resistant material similar to the lower limit concentration measuring device. The material is not particularly limited as long as it is a plastic material that is easy to handle such as transport, and a transparent resin such as polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, and polycarbonate is particularly preferable. As the combustion cylinder 21, a material that can be substantially sealed is used. Substantially closed refers to a state in which airtightness is maintained to such an extent that the concentration of the supporting gas in the combustion cylinder 21 can be adjusted.
【００４０】図２は、燃焼筒２１の開口部を、網状物２
２ａおよび２３で覆い、その外側から薄膜２２ｂおよび
２４で覆って、燃焼筒２１内部を略密閉状態とすること
により、燃焼筒２１内の支燃性ガス濃度の制御を可能に
している。なお、燃焼筒２１の上部開口部２２は、薄膜
２２ｂでシールされた網状物２２ａを用いている。支燃
性ガスを含む気体をパージすることにより、燃焼筒２１
が加圧状態になると薄膜の間隙から外部へ通気し、燃焼
筒２１内の支燃性ガス濃度を一定に維持する。薄膜の材
質としては、ポリ塩化ビニール、ポリエチレン、アルミ
箔等が用いられる。薄膜２２ｂ、２４は、爆発により容
易に破壊され、燃焼筒２１が破損するのを防ぎ、網状物
２２ａ、２３は、図１の網状物１１と同様に火炎の伝播
を遮断する。また、網状物２２ａ、２３としては、網状
物１１と同様に金属素材の金網が好ましい。FIG. 2 shows that the opening of the combustion cylinder 21 is
By covering the inside of the combustion tube 21 with a cover 2a and 23 and covering it with thin films 22b and 24 from the outside to make the inside of the combustion tube 21 substantially closed, it is possible to control the concentration of the supporting gas in the combustion tube 21. The upper opening 22 of the combustion cylinder 21 uses a mesh 22a sealed with a thin film 22b. By purging the gas containing the supporting gas, the combustion cylinder 21 is purged.
Is pressurized, air is ventilated from the gap of the thin film to the outside, and the concentration of the supporting gas in the combustion cylinder 21 is kept constant. As the material of the thin film, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, aluminum foil and the like are used. The thin films 22b and 24 are easily destroyed by the explosion and prevent the combustion tube 21 from being damaged, and the meshes 22a and 23 block the propagation of the flame similarly to the mesh 11 of FIG. Further, as the nets 22 a and 23, a metal net made of a metal material is preferable as in the net 11.
【００４１】また、薄膜２４は、落下したミストが溜ま
りうるようにある程度余裕を持たせて底面部を覆うのが
好ましい。なお、薄膜２４に落下したミストの量が多く
なると、薄膜２４の剥脱が生じうるので、網状物２３を
設ける場合には、底面部に図１のミスト回収槽７を設け
るのが好ましい。It is preferable that the thin film 24 covers the bottom surface with some allowance so that the mist that has fallen can accumulate. If the amount of the mist that has fallen on the thin film 24 increases, the thin film 24 may peel off. Therefore, when the mesh material 23 is provided, it is preferable to provide the mist collection tank 7 of FIG.
【００４２】燃焼筒２１は、通常、高さ３００〜３００
０ｍｍ程度、また断面形状は特に制限ないが、通常、円
筒形のものが用いられ、直径１００〜１０００ｍｍ程度
である。The combustion cylinder 21 usually has a height of 300 to 300
Although the cross-sectional shape is not particularly limited, it is usually about 0 mm, and a cylindrical one is usually used and has a diameter of about 100 to 1000 mm.
【００４３】燃焼筒２１には、支燃性ガス導入管２５、
不燃性ガス導入管２６が備えられている。燃焼筒２１
は、支燃性ガス導入管２５から送られる支燃性ガスと、
不燃性ガス導入管２６から送られる不燃性ガスによっ
て、所定支燃性ガス濃度に置換される。なお、支燃性ガ
ス導入管２５から送られる支燃性ガスは、酸素、塩素、
酸化窒素等が用いられる。通常は、空気等が用いられ
る。不燃性ガス導入管２６から送られる不燃性ガスは、
窒素、二酸化炭素、スチ−ム等が用いられる。通常は窒
素等が用いられる。支燃性ガスと不燃性ガスを予め混合
しておけばすれば不燃性ガス導入管２６は不要である。
燃焼筒２１内の支燃性ガス濃度は支燃性ガス濃度計２７
により常時測定する。The combustion cylinder 21 has a supporting gas introduction pipe 25,
A non-combustible gas introduction pipe 26 is provided. Combustion cylinder 21
Is a supporting gas sent from the supporting gas introducing pipe 25,
The non-combustible gas sent from the non-combustible gas introduction pipe 26 is replaced with a predetermined supporting gas concentration. The supporting gas sent from the supporting gas introducing pipe 25 includes oxygen, chlorine,
Nitrogen oxide or the like is used. Usually, air or the like is used. The noncombustible gas sent from the noncombustible gas introduction pipe 26 is
Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam and the like are used. Usually, nitrogen or the like is used. If the flammable gas and the nonflammable gas are mixed in advance, the nonflammable gas introduction pipe 26 is unnecessary.
The concentration of the supporting gas in the combustion tube 21 is measured by a supporting gas concentration meter 27.
Is always measured.
【００４４】ミスト発生装置２８の設置位置は特に制限
されないが、図２に示すように、上向きにミストを噴霧
する場合は燃焼筒２１の下部中央に設けるのが、燃焼筒
２１内のミスト状態がよく好ましいが、上部中央部にミ
スト発生装置２８を設けて下向きにミストを噴霧するこ
ともできる。ミスト発生装置２８としては、たとえば、
たとえば、霧のいけうち社製の２流体ノズルＢＩＭ Ｋ
６００７５やＢＩＭＫ６０１５等が用いられる。ミスト
発生装置２８には、被検可燃性液体を導入するための液
体導入管２９と支燃性ガス導入管３０が接続されてい
る。液体導入管２９の液圧と支燃性ガス導入管３０の気
圧を適宜に調整することにより、噴霧されるミスト濃度
が調整される。The installation position of the mist generating device 28 is not particularly limited. However, as shown in FIG. 2, when spraying mist upward, the mist generating device 28 is provided at the center of the lower portion of the combustion tube 21. Although preferable, it is also possible to provide a mist generator 28 in the upper central portion and spray the mist downward. As the mist generator 28, for example,
For example, the two-fluid nozzle BIM K manufactured by Fog Ikeuchi
60075 and BIMK6015 are used. The mist generator 28 is connected to a liquid introduction pipe 29 for introducing a test combustible liquid and a combustion supporting gas introduction pipe 30. The mist concentration to be sprayed is adjusted by appropriately adjusting the liquid pressure of the liquid introduction pipe 29 and the air pressure of the combustion supporting gas introduction pipe 30.
【００４５】支燃性ガス導入管３０には通常、燃焼筒２
１内の支燃性ガス濃度に調整されたガスが用いられる。
なお、ミストを噴霧する前に支燃性ガス導入管３０を用
いて所定濃度の支燃性ガスを送り込むことにより、燃焼
筒２１中の支燃性ガス濃度を所定濃度に設定することも
できる。この場合には、支燃性ガス導入管２５、不燃性
ガス導入管２６は不要である。Usually, the combustion cylinder 2 is
The gas adjusted to the concentration of the supporting gas within 1 is used.
Note that the concentration of the supporting gas in the combustion cylinder 21 can be set to a predetermined concentration by sending the supporting gas at a predetermined concentration using the supporting gas introducing pipe 30 before spraying the mist. In this case, the combustible gas introduction pipe 25 and the noncombustible gas introduction pipe 26 are unnecessary.
【００４６】ミスト爆発させるための着火装置３1 の位
置は特に制限されないが、図２に示すように、燃焼筒２
１の高さの下から１／４〜３／４程度の位置とするのが
好ましい。着火装置３１としては、たとえば、放電電
極、ニクロム線溶断や白金線溶断等が用いられる。The position of the ignition device 31 for causing the mist to explode is not particularly limited, but as shown in FIG.
It is preferable that the position is about 1/4 to 3/4 from the bottom of the height of 1. As the ignition device 31, for example, a discharge electrode, nichrome wire fusing, platinum wire fusing, or the like is used.
【００４７】上記図２に示す限界支燃性ガス濃度測定装
置を実際に操作するにあたっては、ます燃焼筒２１内
を、支燃性ガス濃度計２７により測定しながら、たとえ
ば、支燃性ガス導入管２5 から送られる空気と不燃性ガ
ス導入管２６から送られる不燃性ガスによって、所定濃
度に置換する。In actually operating the limit oxidizing gas concentration measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 2, while measuring the inside of the combustion cylinder 21 with the oxidizing gas concentration meter 27, for example, introducing the oxidizing gas The air and the non-combustible gas sent from the pipe 25 and the non-combustible gas introducing pipe 26 are replaced with a predetermined concentration.
【００４８】次いで、液体導入管２９の液圧と支燃性ガ
ス導入管３０の気圧を適宜に調整して、ミスト発生装置
２８から被検可燃性液体を噴霧し、ミスト状態で燃焼筒
２１内に噴霧させる。噴霧時間は、通常、１０〜６０秒
程度が適当である。Next, the liquid pressure of the liquid introduction pipe 29 and the air pressure of the combustion supporting gas introduction pipe 30 are appropriately adjusted, and the flammable liquid to be detected is sprayed from the mist generating device 28, and the mist state is applied to the inside of the combustion cylinder 21. Spray. The appropriate spraying time is usually about 10 to 60 seconds.
【００４９】次いで、着火装置３1 により点火して、ミ
スト爆発の有無を確認する。爆発の有無の確認は、通
常、目視で行うが、燃焼筒２１の内部に熱電対等を挿入
して燃焼筒１内の温度上昇の有無により判断することも
できる。なお、図２の装置では、燃焼筒２１の上面部お
よび底面部に網状物網２２ａ、２３を用いているので、
ミスト爆発により火炎が燃焼筒２１外に殆ど出ない。し
かも、爆風によって網状物２２にシールされている薄膜
２２ｂ、２４が破壊されるのみで燃焼筒２１は損傷しな
い。Next, ignition is carried out by the ignition device 31 and the presence or absence of mist explosion is confirmed. Usually, the presence or absence of the explosion is visually checked, but it is also possible to insert a thermocouple or the like into the inside of the combustion tube 21 to determine whether there is a temperature rise in the combustion tube 1. In addition, in the apparatus of FIG. 2, since the mesh nets 22a and 23 are used for the top and bottom portions of the combustion cylinder 21,
The flame hardly comes out of the combustion tube 21 due to the mist explosion. Moreover, only the thin films 22b and 24 sealed by the mesh 22 are destroyed by the blast, and the combustion cylinder 21 is not damaged.
【００５０】この操作を、所定の支燃性ガス濃度におい
て、種々の条件でミスト爆発の有無の確認をする。ミス
ト爆発は、ミスト径が５０μｍ以下、通常は１０〜４０
μｍ程度の場合に起こり易いため、少なくとも前記範囲
内のミストの径のものを確認するのが好ましい。また支
燃性ガス濃度を変更して繰り返し行うことにより、ミス
ト爆発する支燃性ガス濃度とミスト爆発しない支燃性ガ
ス濃度を探って、最終的にミスト爆発の限界支燃性ガス
濃度を見出す。ミストの限界支燃性ガス濃度は、測定条
件の中で燃焼が伝播しない最高の支燃性ガス濃度とする
ことができる。In this operation, the presence or absence of mist explosion is confirmed under various conditions at a predetermined supporting gas concentration. The mist explosion has a mist diameter of 50 μm or less, usually 10 to 40.
Since it is likely to occur in the case of about μm, it is preferable to confirm at least a mist having a diameter within the above range. Also, by repeatedly changing the concentration of the supporting gas, the concentration of the supporting gas that causes mist explosion and the concentration of the supporting gas that does not mist explode are searched, and finally, the limit supporting gas concentration of the mist explosion is found. . The limit flammable gas concentration of the mist can be the highest flammable gas concentration at which combustion does not propagate in the measurement conditions.
【００５１】このようにして可燃性液体のミスト爆発に
おけるミストの下限界濃度、限界支燃性ガス濃度が正確
に測定可能であり、可燃性液体を当該可燃性液体の引火
点未満の温度で取り扱う際に、当該可燃性液体ミストの
下限界濃度以下および／または限界支燃性ガス濃度以下
に調整することにより、可燃性液体のミスト爆発を制御
でき、安全な操業が可能になる。ミストの下限界濃度、
限界支燃性ガス濃度の測定は、本発明の方法、装置、特
に前記図１、図２に装置によれば、正確な値を把握でき
る。In this way, the mist lower limit concentration and the limit supporting gas concentration in the mist explosion of the flammable liquid can be accurately measured, and the flammable liquid is handled at a temperature lower than the flash point of the flammable liquid. At this time, by adjusting the concentration of the flammable liquid mist to be lower than the lower limit concentration and / or lower than the limit flammable gas concentration, mist explosion of the flammable liquid can be controlled, and safe operation becomes possible. Lower limit concentration of mist,
According to the method and apparatus of the present invention, particularly the apparatus shown in FIGS.
【００５２】可燃性液体の存在する系内におけるミスト
の濃度をミスト爆発が起きないように調整する手段とし
ては、ミスト濃度が高くなってきた際に、たとえば、ガ
スによりミスト雰囲気を希釈化する方法、ミスト発生の
原因となる液体流量を低下させる方法等によりミスト濃
度を下げる方法等があげられる。As a means for adjusting the mist concentration in the system in which the combustible liquid is present so that the mist explosion does not occur, for example, a method of diluting the mist atmosphere with a gas when the mist concentration is increased. And a method of lowering the mist concentration by, for example, a method of lowering the flow rate of the liquid causing mist generation.
【００５３】また、可燃性液体の存在する系内における
支燃性ガス濃度をミスト爆発が起きないように調整する
手段は、たとえば、窒素、二酸化炭素、スチーム等の不
燃焼性ガスにより支燃性ガス濃度を希釈化する方法等に
より可燃性液体の存在する系内の支燃性ガス濃度を下げ
る方法等があげられる。The means for adjusting the concentration of the supporting gas in the system in which the flammable liquid is present so as not to cause a mist explosion may be, for example, provided by a non-combustible gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide or steam. Examples of the method include a method of reducing the concentration of a supporting gas in a system where a flammable liquid is present by a method of diluting a gas concentration.
【００５４】こうしたミスト爆発の制御にあたっては、
限界支燃性ガス濃度の調整の方が容易に行うことができ
る。In controlling such mist explosion,
Adjustment of the limit flammable gas concentration can be performed more easily.
【００５５】実際の操業にあたっては、ミストの下限界
濃度、限界支燃性ガス濃度の前記限界値よりも、低いと
ころで操業することにより、ミスト爆発を制御する。ミ
スト濃度に関してはミストの下限界濃度よりも ６０％
程度低い条件下、支燃性ガス濃度に関しては限界支燃性
ガス濃度よりも６０％程度低い条件下で操業するのが好
ましい。In the actual operation, the mist explosion is controlled by operating the mist at a lower limit than the lower limit concentration of the mist and the limit value of the limit flammable gas concentration. The mist concentration is 60% higher than the lower limit concentration of the mist.
It is preferable that the operation is carried out under the condition of a low level of the flammable gas concentration and about 60% lower than the limit flammable gas concentration.
【００５６】なお、可燃性液体としては、ミスト爆発の
おそれがあるであれば特に限定されず、たとえば、２−
エチルヘキサノール、Ｎ−メチルピロリドン、エタノー
ル等や、エタノール等を水等で希釈したもの等を例示で
きる。ミスト爆発のおそれがあるような操業としては、
たとえば、前記可燃性液体を用いたベンチュリースクラ
バー、スプレー塔、スプレー洗浄設備等の取り扱い現場
や製造現場等があげられる。The flammable liquid is not particularly limited as long as there is a risk of mist explosion.
Examples thereof include ethylhexanol, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethanol and the like, and ethanol and the like diluted with water and the like. Operations that may cause a mist explosion include:
For example, a handling site or a manufacturing site of a venturi scrubber, a spray tower, a spray cleaning facility, or the like using the flammable liquid is mentioned.
【００５７】[0057]
【実施例】実施例１ ミストの下限界濃度測定の具体例として、図１のような
装置を用いて、可燃性液体（２−エチルヘキサノール、
引火点７３℃）の下限界濃度を測定した例を示す。燃焼
筒１の高さ２ｍ、内径０. ６ｍ、回収槽７の内径０．５
５ｍ、測量計２上部から燃焼筒１上部までの高さ２．１
ｍ、平面形状の網状物１１、ミスト濃度算出所定容積
０. ５ｍ3 のものを用い、表１に示すように液体導入管
４の液圧と気体導入管５の気圧（空気）を変化させてミ
スト量を調整した。その他、点火実験時の気温２１℃、
湿度５４％、噴霧空気温度２２℃、噴霧液温度２０〜２
１℃、噴霧時間４０秒の条件であり、ミスト濃度測定時
の気温１６．５〜２２℃、湿度５７〜７４％、噴霧空気
温度１７〜２５℃、噴霧液温度１６〜１８℃、噴霧時間
４０秒、噴霧停止後の計測時間１８０秒の条件である。
表１にミスト量、ミスト濃度、ミスト爆発の有無の判定
を示す。なお、ミスト爆発の有無の判定の項は、○：点
火により火炎が目視で観測され燃焼筒１内全体に燃焼が
伝播、×：点火しても燃焼非伝播、を示す。EXAMPLE 1 As a specific example of the measurement of the lower limit concentration of the mist, a combustible liquid (2-ethylhexanol,
An example in which the lower limit concentration was measured at a flash point of 73 ° C) is shown. Combustion cylinder 1 height 2 m, inner diameter 0.6 m, recovery tank 7 inner diameter 0.5
5m, height from the top of surveying instrument 2 to the top of combustion cylinder 1 2.1
m, a mesh material 11 having a planar shape, and a mist concentration calculation predetermined volume of 0.5 m 3 were used, and the liquid pressure of the liquid introduction pipe 4 and the air pressure (air) of the gas introduction pipe 5 were changed as shown in Table 1. The amount of mist was adjusted. In addition, the temperature at the time of the ignition experiment was 21 ° C,
Humidity 54%, spray air temperature 22 ° C, spray liquid temperature 20-2
1 ° C., spraying time 40 seconds, air temperature 16.5-22 ° C., humidity 57-74%, spray air temperature 17-25 ° C., spraying liquid temperature 16-18 ° C., spraying time 40 at the time of mist concentration measurement. Seconds, and the measurement time after spraying is stopped is 180 seconds.
Table 1 shows the amount of mist, mist concentration, and judgment of the presence or absence of mist explosion. In addition, the term of the determination of the presence or absence of the mist explosion indicates ○: flame is visually observed by ignition and combustion propagates in the entire combustion cylinder 1, ×: combustion does not propagate even if ignited.
【００５８】点火は同一噴霧圧力条件で最大３回実施
し、１回でも燃焼が伝播すれば爆発すると判定し、３回
とも燃焼が伝播しない場合を爆発しないと判定した。ミ
スト濃度の測定は同一噴霧圧力条件で５回実施し、最小
値と最大値を削除して中間の３つの測定値を平均して算
出した。Ignition was carried out up to three times under the same spray pressure conditions. It was determined that an explosion occurred if combustion propagated even once, and that no explosion occurred if combustion did not propagate all three times. The measurement of the mist concentration was performed five times under the same spray pressure condition, and the minimum and maximum values were deleted, and the three intermediate values were averaged and calculated.
【００５９】[0059]
【表１】 表１から、２−エチルヘキサノールに関して、ミスト爆
発のミストの下限界濃度は約１５ｇ／ｍ3 であることが
認められる。[Table 1] From Table 1, it can be seen that for 2-ethylhexanol, the lower limit concentration of the mist of the mist explosion is about 15 g / m 3 .
【００６０】実施例２ ミストの限界支燃性ガス濃度測定の具体例として、図２
のような装置を用いて、可燃性液体（２−エチルヘキサ
ノール、引火点７３℃）の限界支燃性ガス濃度を測定し
た例を示す。燃焼筒２１の高さ２ｍ、直径０. ６ｍ、平
面形状の網状物２２ａ、２３、薄膜２２ｂ、２４を用
い、表２に示すように支燃性ガス導入管２５から送られ
る空気、不燃性ガス導入管２６から送られる不燃性ガス
によって、燃焼筒２１内を所定濃度に置換した。また、
表２に示すように液体導入管２９の液圧と支燃性ガス導
入管３０の気圧（所定支燃性ガス濃度）を変化させてミ
スト濃度を調整した。表２に酸素濃度、ミスト爆発の判
定を示す。なお、ミスト爆発の有無の判定の項は、○：
点火により火炎が目視で観測され燃焼筒２１内全体に燃
焼が伝播、△：点火しても火炎は目視では観測できない
が燃焼筒２１内に設置した熱電対等の温度上昇によって
検知可能な弱い燃焼伝播、×：点火しても燃焼非伝播、
を示す。その他、気温１８〜２１℃、湿度７２〜８１
％、噴霧気体温度１６〜２２℃、噴霧液温度１６〜２０
℃、噴霧時間４０秒の条件である。Example 2 FIG. 2 shows a specific example of the measurement of the limit flammable gas concentration of mist.
An example in which the limit flammable gas concentration of a flammable liquid (2-ethylhexanol, flash point 73 ° C.) was measured using an apparatus as described above. As shown in Table 2, air and non-combustible gas sent from the combustion supporting gas introduction pipe 25 are used, as shown in Table 2, by using the nets 22a, 23 and the thin films 22b, 24 having a height of 2 m, a diameter of 0.6 m, and a flat shape of the combustion cylinder 21. The inside of the combustion cylinder 21 was replaced with a predetermined concentration by the noncombustible gas sent from the introduction pipe 26. Also,
As shown in Table 2, the mist concentration was adjusted by changing the liquid pressure of the liquid introduction pipe 29 and the air pressure (predetermined combustion supporting gas concentration) of the combustion supporting gas introduction pipe 30. Table 2 shows the determination of oxygen concentration and mist explosion. The item for determining the presence or absence of a mist explosion is indicated by ○:
Flame is visually observed by ignition, and combustion propagates throughout combustion cylinder 21. Δ: Flame cannot be visually observed even when ignited, but weak combustion propagation that can be detected by a rise in temperature of a thermocouple or the like installed in combustion cylinder 21. , ×: combustion does not propagate even if ignited
Is shown. In addition, temperature 18 ~ 21 ℃, humidity 72 ~ 81
%, Spray gas temperature 16-22 ° C, spray liquid temperature 16-20
° C and a spray time of 40 seconds.
【００６１】点火は同一噴霧圧力条件で最大６回実施
し、１回でも燃焼が伝播すれば爆発すると判定し、１回
も燃焼が伝播しない場合を爆発しないと判定した。Ignition was carried out up to six times under the same spray pressure conditions. It was determined that an explosion would occur if combustion propagated even once, and no explosion would occur if combustion did not propagate once.
【００６２】[0062]
【表２】 表１から、２−エチルヘキサノールに関して、ミスト爆
発の限界酸素は約１１％であることが認められる。[Table 2] From Table 1, it can be seen that for 2-ethylhexanol, the limiting oxygen for mist explosion is about 11%.
【図１】ミスト爆発におけるミストの下限界濃度測定装
置である。FIG. 1 is a device for measuring a lower limit concentration of mist in a mist explosion.
【図２】ミスト爆発における限界支燃性ガス濃度測定装
置である。FIG. 2 is a device for measuring a limit flammable gas concentration in a mist explosion.
１：燃焼筒 ２：測量計 ３：ミスト発生装置 ６：着火装置 ２１：燃焼筒 ２５：支燃性ガス導入管 ２７：支燃性ガス濃度計 ２８：ミスト発生装置 ３1 ：着火装置 1: Combustion cylinder 2: Survey meter 3: Mist generator 6: Ignition device 21: Combustion cylinder 25: Supporting gas introduction pipe 27: Combustion gas concentration meter 28: Mist generator 31: Ignition device
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 片岡 健太郎 愛媛県新居浜市惣開町５番１号 住友化学 工業株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 2G040 AB04 BA02 BA23 BA24 CA08 CB03 EA02 EA05 EB08 EC02 FA01 FA10 GA04 GB01 GB02 GC01 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Kentaro Kataoka 5-1 Sokai-cho, Niihama-shi, Ehime F-term within Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (Reference) 2G040 AB04 BA02 BA23 BA24 CA08 CB03 EA02 EA05 EB08 EC02 FA01 FA10 GA04 GB01 GB02 GC01
Claims (14)
可燃性液体をミスト状態で噴霧した後、燃焼筒内に噴霧
されたミスト状態の被検可燃性液体の重量を、燃焼筒内
でミスト状態を呈しなくなって燃焼筒内壁に付着・流下
する被検可燃性液体の重量が関与しないようにして測定
した結果から、ミスト濃度を割り出すとともに、被検可
燃性液体の前記ミスト濃度での点火によるミスト爆発の
有無を確認することによって、ミスト爆発におけるミス
トの下限界濃度を測定する方法。After a test combustible liquid is sprayed in a mist state into a combustion cylinder capable of securing a predetermined volume, the weight of the mist-state test combustible liquid sprayed into the combustion cylinder is measured. The mist concentration is determined from the result of the measurement so that the weight of the test combustible liquid that does not exhibit a mist state and adheres to and flows down to the inner wall of the combustion cylinder does not participate. A method for measuring the lower limit concentration of mist in a mist explosion by checking for the presence or absence of a mist explosion caused by ignition of the mist.
の下限界濃度測定装置であって、所定容積を確保しうる
燃焼筒を有し、当該燃焼筒内には被検可燃性液体のミス
ト発生装置およびミスト爆発させるための着火装置を有
し、当該燃焼筒の底部には燃焼筒内でミスト状態を呈し
なくなって燃焼筒内壁を付着・流下する被検可燃性液体
の回収槽を有し、かつ当該燃焼筒内でミスト発生後に自
然落下するミスト重量を測定しうる測量計を備えた、ミ
スト爆発におけるミストの下限界濃度測定装置。2. A device for measuring a lower limit concentration of mist in a mist explosion of a flammable liquid, comprising a combustion tube capable of securing a predetermined volume, wherein a mist generating device for a flammable liquid to be detected is provided in the combustion tube. And an ignition device for causing a mist explosion, a bottom portion of the combustion cylinder having a recovery tank for a test combustible liquid that no longer exhibits a mist state in the combustion cylinder and adheres to and flows down the inner wall of the combustion cylinder, and A lower limit concentration measuring device for a mist in a mist explosion, comprising a surveying meter capable of measuring a weight of the mist that falls naturally after the mist is generated in the combustion cylinder.
せる仕組みからなるものである請求項２記載のミストの
下限界濃度測定装置。3. The lower limit concentration measuring device for mist according to claim 2, wherein the mist generating device has a mechanism for spraying a gas-liquid mixture.
項２または３記載のミストの下限界濃度測定装置。4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the opening of the combustion cylinder is covered with a mesh.
請求項２ないし４いずれか一項記載のミストの下限界濃
度測定装置。5. The lower limit concentration measuring device for mist according to claim 2, wherein the upper opening of the combustion cylinder is formed in a cone shape.
ガス濃度に設定するとともに、被検可燃性液体をミスト
状態で噴霧した後に、点火による爆発の有無を確認する
ことによって、ミスト爆発における限界支燃性ガス濃度
を測定する方法。6. The inside of a substantially closed combustion cylinder is set to a predetermined combustion supporting gas concentration, and after spraying a test combustible liquid in a mist state, it is confirmed whether or not there is an explosion due to ignition. A method for measuring the critical supporting gas concentration in a mist explosion.
燃性ガス濃度測定装置であって、略密閉された燃焼筒を
有し、当該燃焼筒内には、支燃性ガス導入管、支燃性ガ
ス濃度計、被検可燃性液体のミスト発生装置およびミス
ト爆発させるための着火装置を有する、ミスト爆発にお
ける限界支燃性ガス濃度測定装置。7. Limiting limit in mist explosion of flammable liquid
A fuel gas concentration measuring device has a substantially closed combustion cylinder, the said combustion cylinder, combustion-supporting gas introduction pipe, combustion-supporting gas concentration meter, a mist generating device of the test flammable liquid A limit flammable gas concentration measuring device for mist explosion, comprising an ignition device for causing mist explosion.
せる仕組みからなるものである請求項７記載のミストの
限界支燃性ガス濃度測定装置。8. The apparatus for measuring the limit flammable gas concentration of a mist according to claim 7, wherein the mist generator has a mechanism for spraying a gas-liquid mixture.
７または８記載のミスト爆発における限界支燃性ガス濃
度測定装置。9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein an opening of the combustion cylinder is covered with a thin film.
た網状物で覆った請求項９記載のミスト爆発における限
界支燃性ガス濃度測定装置。10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the opening of the combustion tube is covered with a mesh sealed with a thin film.
点未満の温度で取り扱う際に、当該可燃性液体を、当該
可燃性液体に係わる、ミスト爆発におけるミストの下限
界濃度以下および／またはミスト爆発における限界支燃
性ガス濃度以下に調整することによって、可燃性液体の
ミスト爆発を制御する方法。11. When the flammable liquid is handled at a temperature lower than the flash point of the flammable liquid, the flammable liquid is not more than the lower limit concentration of the mist in the mist explosion related to the flammable liquid and / or A method for controlling the mist explosion of flammable liquids by adjusting the mist explosion below the limit flammable gas concentration.
上である請求項１１記載の可燃性液体のミスト爆発を制
御する方法。12. The method for controlling mist explosion of a flammable liquid according to claim 11, wherein the conductivity of the flammable liquid is 10 −8 S / m or more.
度として、請求項１記載の方法により求めたものを用い
る請求項１１または１２記載の可燃性液体のミスト爆発
を制御する方法。13. The method for controlling the mist explosion of a combustible liquid according to claim 11, wherein the lower limit concentration of the mist in the mist explosion is determined by the method according to claim 1.
度として、請求項６記載の方法により求めたものを用い
る請求項１１ないし１３いずれか一記載の可燃性液体の
ミスト爆発を制御する方法。14. The method for controlling mist explosion of a flammable liquid according to claim 11, wherein the concentration determined by the method according to claim 6 is used as the limit flammable gas concentration in the mist explosion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31784099A JP3815769B2 (en) | 1999-11-09 | 1999-11-09 | Mist lower limit concentration measuring device in mist explosion and method for measuring lower limit concentration of mist in mist explosion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31784099A JP3815769B2 (en) | 1999-11-09 | 1999-11-09 | Mist lower limit concentration measuring device in mist explosion and method for measuring lower limit concentration of mist in mist explosion |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006082623A Division JP4414406B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2006-03-24 | Method and apparatus for measuring critical combustion-supporting gas concentration in mist explosion |
| JP2006082644A Division JP4340666B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2006-03-24 | How to control mist explosions of flammable liquids |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001133424A true JP2001133424A (en) | 2001-05-18 |
| JP3815769B2 JP3815769B2 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
Family
ID=18092652
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31784099A Expired - Fee Related JP3815769B2 (en) | 1999-11-09 | 1999-11-09 | Mist lower limit concentration measuring device in mist explosion and method for measuring lower limit concentration of mist in mist explosion |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3815769B2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104280420A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-14 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部油料研究所 | System and method for measuring explosion limit of liquid fuel vapor |
| CN104280422A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-14 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部油料研究所 | System and method for detecting explosion-proof performance of separation explosion-proof material |
| CN108267478A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-07-10 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of quick formation hydrocarbon gas that measures fires limit device and method |
| CN108802268A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of visualized experiment fuel droplet ignition temperature measuring device |
| CN110940698A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Explosion limit testing device for difficult-to-volatilize liquid and application thereof |
| CN113804725A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-12-17 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Hydrogen explosion experimental apparatus |
-
1999
- 1999-11-09 JP JP31784099A patent/JP3815769B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104280420A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-14 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部油料研究所 | System and method for measuring explosion limit of liquid fuel vapor |
| CN104280422A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-14 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部油料研究所 | System and method for detecting explosion-proof performance of separation explosion-proof material |
| CN108267478A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-07-10 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of quick formation hydrocarbon gas that measures fires limit device and method |
| CN108267478B (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2023-11-14 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for rapidly determining burning and explosion limits of stratum hydrocarbon gas |
| CN108802268A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of visualized experiment fuel droplet ignition temperature measuring device |
| CN108802268B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2021-01-05 | 安徽工业大学 | Fuel droplet ignition temperature measuring device for visualization experiment |
| CN110940698A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Explosion limit testing device for difficult-to-volatilize liquid and application thereof |
| CN113804725A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-12-17 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Hydrogen explosion experimental apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3815769B2 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP4340666B2 (en) | How to control mist explosions of flammable liquids | |
| JP4414406B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for measuring critical combustion-supporting gas concentration in mist explosion | |
| JP2001133424A (en) | Method for measuring limiting concentration of mist explosion, measuring apparatus therefor and method for controlling mist explosion | |
| Khudhur et al. | Mechanisms, severity and ignitability factors, explosibility testing method, explosion severity characteristics, and damage control for dust explosion: a concise review | |
| CN111624228A (en) | Dust explosion experimental device | |
| Tewarson | Nonthermal fire damage | |
| Murillo | Experimental and numerical approaches to particles dispersion in a turbulent flow: application to dust explosions | |
| Palacios Rosas | Study of jet fires geometry and radiative features | |
| Eckhoff et al. | Dust explosion experiments in a vented 236 m3 silo cell | |
| CN112345688A (en) | Device and method for testing fire extinguishing efficiency of superfine dry powder extinguishing agent | |
| US8159359B2 (en) | Function check for a gas-alarm annunciator | |
| Tamanini et al. | FMRC studies of parameters affecting the propagation of dust explosions | |
| CN115792084A (en) | Device for simulating fire extinguishing and re-burning of storage tanks with different liquid levels and heights | |
| Linteris et al. | Scale model flames for determining the heat release rate from burning polymers | |
| KR20150035780A (en) | Method for diluting and/or flushing out clouds of combustible gases | |
| US7005991B1 (en) | Method for anticipating, delaying and/or preventing the risk of spontaneous combustion and/or explosion of an explosive atmosphere | |
| Necci et al. | Accident scenarios caused by lightning impact on atmospheric storage tanks | |
| McQuaid | Future directions of dense-gas dispersion research | |
| US20030000951A1 (en) | Method for reducing the severity of vapor cloud explosions | |
| Abrahamsen | The UK approach to dust explosibility assessment and its relevance to explosion prevention and protection | |
| Ural | Towards Estimating Entrainment Fraction For Dust Layers | |
| WO2013158412A2 (en) | Systems and methods for reducing an overpressure caused by a vapor cloud explosion | |
| Eckhoff | A differentiated approach to sizing of dust explosion vents: influence of ignition source location with particular reference to large, slender silos | |
| JP2011141225A (en) | Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer | |
| Kong | Analysis of a dust explosion caused by several design errors |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20041217 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20060215 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20060324 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20060602 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20060605 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090616 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100616 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100616 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110616 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110616 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120616 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120616 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130616 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |