JP2001107109A - Manufacture of composite-layered tube, composite- layered tube obtained thereby, and die used therefor - Google Patents
Manufacture of composite-layered tube, composite- layered tube obtained thereby, and die used thereforInfo
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- JP2001107109A JP2001107109A JP27726399A JP27726399A JP2001107109A JP 2001107109 A JP2001107109 A JP 2001107109A JP 27726399 A JP27726399 A JP 27726399A JP 27726399 A JP27726399 A JP 27726399A JP 2001107109 A JP2001107109 A JP 2001107109A
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- metal
- metal cylinder
- sintered
- metal powder
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- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、例えば各種軸受
け，耐摩耗部材，耐熱性部材，熱交換器用部材，耐食性
用部材等として用いられる二重構造管等の複層構造管の
製造方法，その製造方法より得られる複層構造管および
その製造方法に用いられるダイスに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a double-layered pipe such as a double-layered pipe used as various bearings, wear-resistant members, heat-resistant members, heat exchanger members, corrosion-resistant members, and the like. The present invention relates to a multilayer structure pipe obtained by a manufacturing method and a die used in the manufacturing method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、二重構造管等の複層構造管は、各
種の産業用部品として広く用途に合わせて利用されてお
り、例えば鋼管の内径面部もしくは外径面部に銅系材料
を接合してなる摺動部材，外径面部に銅系材料を使って
内径面部薄肉硬質鋼管を配した耐摩耗性熱交換器用部材
や外径面部にアルミニウム系または銅径材料を使って内
径面部に耐食性に優れたチタン合金を配した耐食性熱交
換器用部材などとして多目的に利用されている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, multi-layered pipes such as double-walled pipes have been widely used as various industrial parts in accordance with applications. For example, a copper-based material is bonded to the inner or outer diameter surface of a steel pipe. Wear-resistant heat-exchanger with thin-walled hard steel pipe with inner diameter surface made of copper-based material on outer diameter surface and corrosion-resistant on inner diameter surface with aluminum or copper diameter material on outer diameter surface It is used for various purposes as a member for corrosion-resistant heat exchangers, etc., provided with an excellent titanium alloy.
【０００３】これら複層構造管を製造する一般的な方法
としては、鋼管の内径面もしくは外径面に金属材料を機
械的にかしめる方法が用いられているが、近年では前記
鋼管に金属材料を冶金学的に接合する方法が採られてお
り、例えばＴＩＧやＭＩＧ方式による肉盛法，ろう付け
方法，焼結接合法（ホットプレス，熱間静水圧プレス
（ＨＩＰ）を含む），鋳包み法が挙げられる。さらに、
予め２種類の円筒状金属材料を組立てた後に、熱間押し
出し等の強加工を行う方法も知られている。As a general method of manufacturing these multi-layered tubes, a method of mechanically caulking a metal material on the inner or outer diameter surface of a steel pipe has been used. Metallurgical joining methods such as overlaying, brazing, sintering (including hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing (HIP)) by TIG and MIG methods, and cast-in Law. further,
A method is also known in which two types of cylindrical metal materials are assembled in advance and then subjected to strong working such as hot extrusion.
【０００４】ところで、特公平６−７７８５５号公報に
は、外周用円筒状金属材料およびその外周用円筒状金属
材料の内径より小さな外径を有する内周用円筒状金属材
料の一方を低温靭性を有する低合金鋼管から、他方を高
耐食性金属管から構成し、前記内周用円筒状金属材料の
外表面もしくは外周用円筒状金属材料の内表面を３５μ
ｍ以下の表面粗さに調整した後低融点アモルファス系溶
射材を所定厚さに溶射し、次いで前記外周用円筒状金属
材料内に内周用円筒状金属材料を挿入して二重素管とな
した後、冷間にて縮径加工を行い、これら外周用円筒状
金属材料と内周用円筒状金属材料とを密着させた後、加
熱して外周用円筒状金属材料および内周用円筒状金属材
料のそれぞれ内面と外面とを液相拡散接合する二重構造
管の製造方法が提案されている。Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 6-77855 discloses that one of a cylindrical metal material for the outer periphery and a cylindrical metal material for the inner periphery having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical metal material for the outer periphery has a low temperature toughness. The other is composed of a high corrosion-resistant metal tube, and the outer surface of the inner cylindrical metal material or the inner surface of the outer cylindrical metal material is 35 μm.
After adjusting the surface roughness to not more than m, a low melting point amorphous sprayed material is sprayed to a predetermined thickness, and then the inner cylindrical metal material is inserted into the outer cylindrical metal material to form a double pipe. After performing the diameter reduction process in the cold, the outer peripheral cylindrical metal material and the inner peripheral cylindrical metal material are brought into close contact with each other, and then heated, and then the outer peripheral cylindrical metal material and the inner peripheral cylinder are heated. There has been proposed a method for producing a double-structured pipe in which the inner surface and the outer surface of a metallic metal material are liquid-phase diffusion bonded.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、従来の
複層構造管の製造方法である肉盛法においては、例えば
鋼管と電極間に飛ばしたアークによってその鋼管の内径
面もしくは外径面に配された銅系材料等の金属材料を溶
融し、冷却して肉盛させるようにして複層構造管が製造
されるが、前記アークによって不安定となった鋼管の融
滴が銅系肉盛層中に分散して、時にはそれらが焼き入れ
された硬質なマルテンサイトとなり、後工程における機
械加工上での問題や破損，特性未達の原因となることが
避けられないため、極めて厳重な品質管理が要求される
という問題点がある。However, in the cladding method, which is a conventional method for manufacturing a multi-layered tube, the arc is blown between a steel tube and an electrode and is arranged on the inner or outer diameter surface of the steel tube. A multi-layered tube is manufactured by melting a metal material such as a copper-based material, and cooling and overlaying the metal material. In some cases, they become hard martensite quenched, which inevitably causes problems in machining in the subsequent process, breakage, and failure to achieve the required properties. There is a problem that is required.
【０００６】また、前記肉盛法では、必ず鋼管の一部を
溶融させながら施工されることから、鋼管の一部（主と
してＦｅ）が肉盛の金属材料と合金化して、本来必要と
する銅系材料の熱伝導度や柔らかさ等の特性が正確に制
御できない問題点があるとともに、溶融した後の鋼管と
肉盛層の境界面の位置制御が難しく、場合によっては強
度ばらつきの大きな原因となることが懸念されるという
問題点がある。[0006] In the overlay method, since a part of the steel pipe is always melted and worked, a part (mainly Fe) of the steel pipe is alloyed with the metal material of the overlay to form copper pipe which is originally required. There is a problem that the properties such as thermal conductivity and softness of the system material cannot be controlled accurately, and it is difficult to control the position of the interface between the steel pipe and the build-up layer after melting. There is a problem that it is likely to become.
【０００７】また、鋼管の外径面部に超硬、各種炭化
物、セラミックス等の硬質物質を含有させた耐摩耗材料
を前記肉盛する方法では、前記アーク温度が高いために
硬質物質の変質による硬さ低下と脆弱化、比重差による
硬質物質の不均一分散や冷却時の顕著な熱応力による割
れの発生などが起こり、目的とする耐摩耗性を得ること
が難しいなどの問題点がある。Further, in the method of overlaying a wear-resistant material in which a hard material such as carbide, various carbides, ceramics or the like is contained in the outer diameter surface portion of the steel pipe, the arc temperature is high, so that the hard material is deteriorated due to deterioration of the hard material. However, there is a problem that the hard material is not uniformly dispersed due to a difference in specific gravity or cracks are generated due to remarkable thermal stress at the time of cooling, and it is difficult to obtain a desired wear resistance.
【０００８】とりわけ、鋼管の外径面部に耐摩耗性、耐
食性、耐熱性に優れたＡｌ系やＴｉ系金属間化合物を肉
盛りする際には、金属間化合物の成分調整が難しく、脆
弱化し易く、上述と同様に冷却時の顕著な熱応力による
割れの発生などがあり、目的とする特性を得ることが難
しいなどの問題点がある。In particular, when an Al-based or Ti-based intermetallic compound having excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance is deposited on the outer diameter surface of a steel pipe, it is difficult to adjust the composition of the intermetallic compound and it is liable to be brittle. However, similar to the above, there is a problem that cracks are generated due to remarkable thermal stress at the time of cooling, and it is difficult to obtain desired characteristics.
【０００９】さらに、鋼管の内径面もしくは外径面に接
合される金属材料が例えば熱伝導性が良く、良好な摺動
特性を持つ亜鉛を含有する銅合金（丹銅）とする複層構
造管を前記肉盛法にて製造する場合には、丹銅自身が高
温で溶融される状態があるために、丹銅に含有される蒸
気圧の高いＺｎがブローホールのガス欠陥形成の原因に
なる等の問題点がある。このように肉盛法においては、
製造される複層構造管に用いることができる材料が制限
されてしまう問題点がある。さらに、この肉盛法によれ
ば、生産性が低く、製造コスト高を招くという問題点が
ある。Further, a multi-layer structure pipe in which the metal material to be joined to the inner or outer diameter surface of the steel pipe is, for example, a copper alloy (tanco) containing zinc having good thermal conductivity and good sliding characteristics. In the case of manufacturing by the cladding method, because the copper itself melts at a high temperature, Zn having a high vapor pressure contained in the copper causes gas defect formation of blow holes. And so on. Thus, in the cladding method,
There is a problem that materials that can be used for the manufactured multi-layer structure pipe are limited. Further, according to this overlaying method, there is a problem that productivity is low and manufacturing cost is increased.
【００１０】また、前記ろう付け方法においても、前述
のように丹銅自身が高濃度にＺｎを含有し、かつ、Ｚｎ
の酸化物形成傾向が強く、ろう付け時の濡れ性の確保が
難しく、高強度な接合性を確保することが難しいという
問題点がある。また、鋼管の極一部分に金属材料を接合
させる場合には、大型のＨ２またはアンモニア分解ガス
等の高品質の雰囲気ガスろう付け炉など高価な設備が必
要で、生産設備、生産性、ランニングコストの点で割高
になりやすいという問題点がある。Further, in the above brazing method, as described above, the copper itself contains Zn at a high concentration, and
Have a strong tendency to form oxides, making it difficult to ensure wettability during brazing and difficult to ensure high-strength bonding. In addition, when a metal material is bonded to a very small portion of a steel pipe, expensive equipment such as a high-quality atmosphere gas brazing furnace such as large H 2 or ammonia decomposition gas is required, and production equipment, productivity, and running cost are required. There is a problem that it tends to be expensive.
【００１１】また、従来の常圧焼結接合方法において
は、特に蒸気圧が高く、酸化しやすいＺｎやＡｌを高濃
度に含む銅系焼結材料を高密度、かつ高強度に焼結させ
ることは難しく、接合に関しても不安定になるなどの問
題点があり、焼結接合が不可能である。また、一般的に
は焼結性を高め、高密度化を図るためには、例えば青銅
系焼結材料のようにＳｎ等の液相成分を発生させる合金
元素を多量に添加することが必要とされ、高熱伝導性を
期待しても、合金元素を高濃度の添加させることによっ
て熱伝導性が低くなるという問題点がある。Further, in the conventional atmospheric pressure sintering joining method, a copper-based sintered material having a particularly high vapor pressure and containing a high concentration of easily oxidizable Zn or Al is sintered at a high density and a high strength. Is difficult, and there is a problem that the bonding becomes unstable, and sintering cannot be performed. In general, in order to increase sinterability and increase the density, it is necessary to add a large amount of an alloy element that generates a liquid phase component such as Sn, such as a bronze-based sintered material. However, even if high thermal conductivity is expected, there is a problem that the thermal conductivity is lowered by adding the alloy element at a high concentration.
【００１２】上述のような場合には、一般的には黒鉛ダ
イスと上、下パンチで加圧しながら焼結材料を高密度に
焼結するホットプレス法を利用して焼結接合することが
考えられるが、生産性が低く、かつ、焼結温度によって
はダイス、パンチの熱間強度に制約があることや焼結材
の種類によってはダイス、パンチとの反応性を考慮する
ことが必要であるために、製造コストが高くなるという
問題点がある。In the case described above, sintering is generally considered to be performed by using a hot press method of sintering a sintered material at a high density while pressing with a graphite die and upper and lower punches. However, it is necessary to consider that the productivity is low and that the hot strength of the dies and punches is limited depending on the sintering temperature and the reactivity with the dies and punches is depending on the type of the sintered material. Therefore, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost is increased.
【００１３】また、加圧力の方向に直角な方向に数ｍｍ
厚さを持つ円筒状の焼結体をダイスとパンチで加圧して
も、円筒状焼結体の肉厚方向に加圧力が有効に伝わらな
いために、高密度に焼結しながら金属円筒体に接合する
ことはできないし、さらに、無給脂摺動材（オイルレス
摺動材）のように高密度部と低密度部を混在させること
ができないことや焼結材中に溶製材料を混在させたよう
な複合焼結層を接合することができないなどの問題点が
ある。Further, several mm in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the pressing force.
Even when a cylindrical sintered body having a thickness is pressed with a die and a punch, the pressing force is not effectively transmitted in the thickness direction of the cylindrical sintered body. Can not be bonded to the material, and it is not possible to mix high-density parts and low-density parts like lubrication-free sliding materials (oil-less sliding materials). There are problems such as the inability to join such composite sintered layers.
【００１４】またさらに、円筒状成形体と円筒状金属体
とを組み立てた後に、全体を例えば真空封入して、１０
００〜２０００Ｍｐａの熱間静水圧ガス炉で焼結接合す
る方法が考えられるが、極めて生産性が低く、かつ製造
コストが非常に高くなる問題点がある。Further, after assembling the cylindrical molded body and the cylindrical metal body, the whole is vacuum-sealed, for example, and
Although a method of sintering and joining in a hot isostatic gas furnace of 00 to 2000 Mpa is conceivable, there is a problem that the productivity is extremely low and the manufacturing cost is extremely high.
【００１５】また、ＨＩＰ法は熱間静水圧ガスを使って
の加圧焼結法であるために、無給脂摺動材（オイルレス
摺動材）のように高密度部と低密度部とを混在させるこ
とができないことや、焼結材中に溶製材料を混在させて
高密度部と低密度部とを混在させるような複合焼結層を
接合することができないなどの問題点がある。Further, since the HIP method is a pressure sintering method using a hot isostatic pressure gas, a high-density portion and a low-density portion like a non-lubricated sliding material (oil-less sliding material) are used. And it is not possible to join a composite sintered layer that mixes a high-density part and a low-density part by mixing a smelting material into a sintered material. .
【００１６】従来の鋳包み法においても、前記肉盛法と
同様に、蒸気圧の高いＺｎを含有する丹銅材を用いる場
合にはブローホールによるガス欠陥や接合不良等を発生
させるという問題点がある。In the conventional cast-in method, similarly to the cladding method, when a copper material containing Zn having a high vapor pressure is used, there is a problem that a gas defect due to a blow hole or a bonding defect is generated. There is.
【００１７】さらに、従来の熱間押し出し加工法は、液
相を出す必要のない接合方法であるため、前述の問題点
の多くが解消されるものの、設備コストが極めて高く、
小ロット生産や部分的に円筒状複合材料化させるなどの
ニーズに応えられないなどの問題点がある。Furthermore, the conventional hot extrusion method is a joining method that does not require the release of a liquid phase, so that many of the above-mentioned problems are solved, but the equipment cost is extremely high,
There is a problem that it cannot meet the needs such as small lot production or partial cylindrical composite material.
【００１８】また、特公平６−７７８５５号公報に記載
の二重構造管の製造方法においても、前述と同様に、鋼
管の内径面もしくは外径面に接合される金属材料に蒸気
圧が高い亜鉛を高度に含有する材料を用いた場合に、ブ
ローホールによるガス欠陥や接合不良等を発生させると
いう問題点がある。Also, in the method of manufacturing a double-structured pipe described in Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 6-77855, similarly to the above, zinc having a high vapor pressure is applied to the metal material bonded to the inner or outer diameter surface of the steel pipe. When a material having a high content of is used, there is a problem that a gas defect or a bonding defect due to blow holes is generated.
【００１９】本発明は、このような問題点を解消するた
めになされたもので、ブローホールによるガス欠陥や接
合不良を抑制し、焼結性を高め、高密度化を図ることが
できるとともに、鋼管と円筒状成形体とが冶金学的に強
固に接合されて後処理により破損することがなく、例え
ば鋼管の一部に効率的に円筒状成形体を接合することが
できる等の自由度が高く、安価な設備で生産性良く製造
することができる複層構造管の製造方法，その製造方法
より得られる複層構造管およびその製造方法に用いられ
るダイスを提供することを目的とするものである。The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and it is possible to suppress gas defects and bonding defects due to blow holes, improve sinterability, and achieve high density. The steel pipe and the cylindrical molded body are firmly joined metallurgically and are not damaged by post-processing. For example, there is a degree of freedom such that the cylindrical molded body can be efficiently joined to a part of the steel pipe. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a multi-layer structure pipe which can be manufactured with high productivity at high cost and at a low cost, a multi-layer structure pipe obtained by the manufacturing method, and a die used in the manufacturing method. is there.
【００２０】[0020]
【課題を解決するための手段および作用・効果】前述さ
れた目的を達成するために、第１発明（請求項１に係る
発明）による複層構造管の製造方法は、内周用金属円筒
体の外径寸法より大きい内径を有する略円筒状のダイス
の内部に内周用金属円筒体を挿入して、それら内周用金
属円筒体とダイスとの間に焼結接合用の金属粉末体を配
置して、前記内周用金属円筒体の内径面から６００℃以
上に加熱することによって、内周用金属円筒体を急速に
膨張させると共に、前記ダイスの加熱遅れに基づくかし
め作用によって、前記内周用金属円筒体の外径面に前記
金属粉末体からなる高密度焼結体を接合することを特徴
とするものである。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a method of manufacturing a multi-layer structure pipe according to a first invention (an invention according to claim 1) includes a method of manufacturing a metal cylinder for an inner periphery. The metal cylinder for the inner circumference is inserted into a substantially cylindrical die having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the metal powder body for sinter bonding between the inner metal cylinder and the die. By arranging and heating to 600 ° C. or more from the inner diameter surface of the inner peripheral metal cylindrical body, the inner peripheral metal cylindrical body is rapidly expanded, and the inner peripheral metal cylindrical body is caulked based on a heating delay of the die. A high-density sintered body made of the metal powder is joined to an outer diameter surface of the peripheral metal cylinder.
【００２１】第１発明においては、ダイスの内径部と内
周用金属円筒体（例えば鋼管）の外径部との間に金属粉
末体（金属粉末を充填するかもしくは金属粉末の成形
体）を配置させ、内周用金属円筒体の内径部から高周波
誘導法によって６００℃以上に加熱するすると、急速に
加熱膨張する内周用金属円筒体と加熱遅れのあるダイス
とにより前記金属粉末体に加圧力が付加される。こうし
て前記金属粉末体の高密度化が図られながら焼結接合が
行われ、内周用金属円筒体の外径面と高密度焼結体とが
冶金学的に強固に接合される。In the first invention, a metal powder (filled with a metal powder or formed from a metal powder) is placed between an inner diameter of a die and an outer diameter of an inner metal cylinder (for example, a steel pipe). When heated to 600 ° C. or higher by the high frequency induction method from the inner diameter of the inner peripheral metal cylinder by the high frequency induction method, the inner peripheral metal cylinder is rapidly heated and expanded and a die with a heating delay is applied to the metal powder body. Pressure is applied. In this way, sintering is performed while the density of the metal powder body is increased, and the outer diameter surface of the inner peripheral metal cylinder and the high-density sintered body are strongly metallurgically bonded.
【００２２】また、第１発明によれば、前記金属粉末体
に付加される加圧力が円筒体の半径方向に、すなわち肉
厚方向に作用するために、従来のホットプレス法の円筒
体軸方向への加圧力の伝達問題が解決できると同時に、
焼結材中に溶製材料を混在させたような複合焼結層を接
合することもでき、さらに、少なくともダイスの内径面
もしくは内周用金属円筒体の外径面に凹凸部を設けるこ
とによって無給脂摺動材（オイルレス摺動材）のように
高密度部と低密度部を混在させることができるようにな
る。According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the pressing force applied to the metal powder acts in the radial direction of the cylindrical body, that is, in the thickness direction, the axial direction of the cylindrical body in the conventional hot pressing method is increased. Can solve the problem of transmission of pressure to
It is also possible to join a composite sintered layer in which a smelting material is mixed in a sintered material, and furthermore, by providing irregularities on at least the inner diameter surface of the die or the outer diameter surface of the metal cylinder for the inner circumference. A high-density part and a low-density part can be mixed like a lubrication-free sliding material (oil-less sliding material).
【００２３】次に、第２発明（請求項２に係る発明）に
よる復層構造管の製造方法は、内周用金属円筒体の外径
寸法より大きい内径を有する外周用金属円筒体の内部に
内周用金属円筒体を挿入して、それら内周用金属円筒体
と外周用金属円筒体との間に焼結接合用の金属粉末体を
配置して、前記内周用金属円筒体の内径面から６００℃
以上に加熱することによって、内周用金属円筒体を急速
に膨張させると共に、前記外周用金属円筒体の加熱遅れ
に基づくかしめ作用によって、少なくとも前記外周用金
属円筒体の内径面に前記金属粉末体からなる高密度焼結
体を接合することを特徴とするものである。Next, the method for manufacturing a multilayer structure pipe according to the second invention (the invention according to claim 2) includes a method of manufacturing an outer peripheral metal cylinder having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the inner metal cylinder. The metal cylinder for the inner circumference is inserted, and a metal powder body for sintering is arranged between the metal cylinder for the inner circumference and the metal cylinder for the outer circumference, and the inner diameter of the metal cylinder for the inner circumference is 600 ° C from the surface
By heating as described above, the metal cylinder for the inner circumference is rapidly expanded, and the metal powder body is formed on at least the inner diameter surface of the metal cylinder for the outer circumference by a caulking action based on a heating delay of the metal cylinder for the outer circumference. Characterized by joining high-density sintered bodies made of
【００２４】第２発明においては、前記第１発明のダイ
スに代えて外周用金属円筒体を用いて、焼結接合用の金
属粉末体をかしめ作用によって少なくとも前記外周用金
属円筒体の内径面に焼結接合させる。こうして、前述の
ように内周用金属円筒体および外周用金属円筒体の肉厚
方向に加圧力が作用し、前記金属粉末体の高密度化が図
られながら焼結接合が行われ、外周用金属円筒体と金属
粉末体と、または外周用金属円筒体と内周用金属円筒体
と金属粉末体とが強固に接合される。In the second invention, a metal powder body for sintering is used by caulking a metal powder body for sintering by using a metal cylinder body for the outer periphery instead of the die of the first invention. Sinter bonding. Thus, as described above, the pressing force acts in the thickness direction of the inner peripheral metal cylinder and the outer peripheral metal cylinder, and sintering is performed while increasing the density of the metal powder body. The metal cylinder and the metal powder, or the metal cylinder for the outer circumference, the metal cylinder for the inner circumference, and the metal powder are firmly joined.
【００２５】また、第２発明においては、前記外周用金
属円筒体の外径部に、この外周用金属円筒体の外径寸法
よりもわずかに大きい内径を有する略円筒状のダイスを
配置させて、前記内周用金属円筒体の内径部からの加熱
時に外周用金属円筒体及び焼結接合用の金属粉末体に対
するかしめ作用を付加させるのが好ましい。このように
外周用金属円筒体の外径部にダイスを配置させることに
より、少なくとも焼結接合が行われる時点では、外周用
金属円筒体の外径部が前記ダイスに接触して外周用金属
円筒体の熱膨張が抑制され、内径部からの熱膨張力に対
向する収縮力が作用するため、より大きなかしめ作用を
前記金属粉末体に作用させることができる。In the second invention, a substantially cylindrical die having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the outer peripheral metal cylinder is disposed on the outer diameter of the outer peripheral metal cylinder. It is preferable to add a caulking action to the outer peripheral metal cylinder and the metal powder body for sintering at the time of heating from the inner diameter portion of the inner peripheral metal cylinder. By arranging the die on the outer diameter of the outer peripheral metal cylinder, the outer diameter of the outer peripheral metal cylinder comes into contact with the die at least at the point of time when sintering is performed. Since thermal expansion of the body is suppressed and a contraction force opposing the thermal expansion force from the inner diameter portion acts, a greater caulking action can be applied to the metal powder body.
【００２６】第２発明によれば、前記外周用金属円筒体
の内径部への金属粉末体の接合やダイスとの反応性が問
題になる金属粉末体の内周用金属円筒体の外径部への接
合を可能とすることができるし、さらに、前記金属粉末
体中に溶製材料を混在させたような複合焼結層を接合す
ることと少なくともダイスの内径面もしくは内周用金属
円筒体の外径面に凹凸部を設けることによって無給脂摺
動材（オイルレス摺動材）のように高密度部と低密度部
を混在させることができることは第１発明と同じであ
る。According to the second invention, the outer diameter of the inner metal cylinder of the metal powder is problematic in that the bonding of the metal powder to the inner diameter of the outer metal cylinder and the reactivity with the die are problematic. Can be made possible, and further, it is possible to join a composite sintered layer in which a smelting material is mixed in the metal powder body and at least an inner diameter surface of the die or a metal cylinder for the inner circumference. It is the same as the first invention that the high-density part and the low-density part can be mixed like a lubrication-free sliding material (oil-less sliding material) by providing the uneven portion on the outer diameter surface of the first invention.
【００２７】第１および第２発明によれば、金属粉末体
に加圧力を付与しつつ焼結接合されているため、比較的
低温でかつ短時間で焼結結合を行なうことができ、従来
蒸気圧が高いために焼結接合が不可能であったＺｎを含
有する金属粉末体を内周用金属円筒体の外径面もしくは
外周用金属円筒体の内径面に高密度でかつ強固に接合さ
せることができるとともに、均一な加圧力が付与される
ため強度の均一化を図ることができるという効果を奏す
る。また、鋼管と円筒状成形体との接合界面におけるＺ
ｎ酸化物皮膜の破壊を確実なものとして強固な冶金学的
接合を図ることができる。According to the first and second aspects of the present invention, since the metal powder bodies are sintered and joined while applying a pressing force, sintering can be performed at a relatively low temperature and in a short time. High-density and strong bonding of Zn-containing metal powder, which was impossible to perform sinter bonding due to high pressure, to the outer diameter surface of the inner metal cylinder or the inner diameter surface of the outer metal cylinder In addition, since a uniform pressing force is applied, the strength can be made uniform. Also, Z at the joint interface between the steel pipe and the cylindrical molded body
Strong metallurgical bonding can be achieved by ensuring the destruction of the n-oxide film.
【００２８】第１および第２発明において、前記ダイス
は断熱構造を有するものであるのが好ましい（請求項４
に係る発明）。さらに、前述の加圧力は内周用金属円筒
体の加熱される温度とダイスの温度差が大きいほど大き
くなるために、前記ダイスとしては、内径部からの熱流
の拡散を抑えることが好ましく、熱伝導性の小さな材料
や熱伝達性を小さくした構造ものを用いるのが好まし
い。また、生産性を高めるためにはダイスへの熱の拡散
が大きくなると加熱電力が多くなることや接合サイクル
が長くなること、さらには連続生産するためにはダイス
を所定の温度に冷却させるための待ち時間必要なことな
どが問題になるので、ダイス用の材料として熱伝導率の
小さなセラミックス材料を使うことや金属ダイスの内径
面に熱伝導率の小さなセラミックスを溶射することや離
形材として塗布もしくは充填することが好ましい。さら
に、熱伝達性を小さくする観点からは、ダイス内径面が
凹凸を持つような構造やダイス内径面に複数本の棒材を
外周金属円筒体との合間に配置させるようにする等の外
周金属円筒体との接触面積を減ずる手段が有効である。
棒材としては鋼、Ｗなどの金属であっても断熱効果は大
きいが、熱伝導率の小さく、かつ耐熱衝撃性に優れたＳ
ｉＯ２等のセラミックス材料がより好ましい。また、上
述のような熱伝導性及び熱伝達性の観点からの工夫を実
施しても、前述のダイスの冷却の待ち時間が必要な場合
には、ダイスを水冷などで積極的に冷却することが好ま
しい。なお、前記のホットプレス法のようにダイスを高
温状態で使用するような場合には、一般的にはダイス材
料として低熱膨張率材料でかつ高温強度に優れたセラミ
ックス材料やＷ，Ｍｏ等の高融点金属材料等の高価なダ
イスになっていたが、上述のように冷間に近い状態で使
用するように工夫する本発明では、安価な鋼などを用い
ることができることは製造コストの点でも極めて好まし
いことである。In the first and second aspects of the present invention, the die preferably has a heat insulating structure.
Invention). Further, since the above-described pressing force increases as the temperature difference between the temperature at which the inner peripheral metal cylindrical body is heated and the temperature of the die increases, it is preferable that the die suppresses diffusion of a heat flow from an inner diameter portion. It is preferable to use a material having a low conductivity or a structure having a low heat transfer property. In addition, in order to increase the productivity, the diffusion of heat to the dies increases the heating power and the bonding cycle becomes longer, and for continuous production, it is necessary to cool the dies to a predetermined temperature. Since the necessity of waiting time becomes a problem, a ceramic material with low thermal conductivity is used as a material for the die, a ceramic with low thermal conductivity is sprayed on the inner surface of the metal die, and applied as a release material. Alternatively, it is preferable to fill. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of reducing the heat transfer, the outer peripheral metal such as a structure in which the inner diameter surface of the die has irregularities or a plurality of rods arranged on the inner surface of the die between the outer peripheral metal cylinder and the like. Means for reducing the contact area with the cylinder is effective.
Even if metal such as steel or W is used as a rod, the heat insulating effect is large, but the heat conductivity is small and the S is excellent in thermal shock resistance.
ceramic material iO 2 are more preferable. Also, even if the above-described heat conductivity and heat transfer are devised, if the above-described waiting time for cooling the dies is required, the dies should be actively cooled by water cooling or the like. Is preferred. When the dies are used in a high temperature state as in the hot press method, generally, the dies are made of a ceramic material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent in high-temperature strength, or a high-density material such as W or Mo. Although expensive dies such as melting point metal materials have been used, in the present invention that is devised to be used in a state close to cold as described above, the fact that inexpensive steel and the like can be used is extremely low in terms of manufacturing cost. It is a good thing.
【００２９】また、第１および第２発明において、前記
金属粉末体は、円筒状、断面略Ｃ字状の筒状体または板
状片の少なくともいずれか１つの形状に加圧成形された
ものであるのが好ましい（請求項５に係る発明）。ま
た、前記金属粉末体は、加圧成形された円筒状、断面略
Ｃ字状の筒状体及びまたは板状片の１つ以上の金属粉末
成形体で構成されいることが好ましいが、焼結接合層が
比較的薄くてよい場合には、金属粉末を充填したもので
あるほうがプレス機による成形体の製造を必要とせず、
生産性と製造コストの観点からより好ましい。また、上
述のように合金成分や成形密度、形状を変えた複数の断
面略Ｃ字状の筒状体及びまたは板状片の金属円筒体、例
えば熱処理によっても焼き割れない軟鉄系材料と焼き割
れ易い耐摩耗性焼結材料を組み合わせることによって熱
処理性のある複層耐摩耗性鋼管（例えば、ブルドーザの
履帯ブッシュ）や耐摩耗性と含油性を組み合わせた摺動
材等多くの機能材料の組み合わせを可能にする複層構造
管を容易に製造することができる。In the first and second aspects of the present invention, the metal powder body is formed by press-forming into at least one of a cylindrical body, a cylindrical body having a substantially C-shaped cross section, and a plate-like piece. It is preferable that there be (the invention according to claim 5). Further, the metal powder body is preferably constituted by one or more metal powder formed bodies of a pressure-formed cylindrical body, a cylindrical body having a substantially C-shaped cross section, and / or a plate-shaped piece. When the bonding layer may be relatively thin, the one filled with metal powder does not require the production of a molded body by a press machine,
It is more preferable in terms of productivity and manufacturing cost. Further, as described above, a plurality of cylindrical bodies having a substantially C-shaped cross section and / or metal cylinders of plate-like pieces having different alloy components, molding densities, and shapes, for example, soft iron-based materials that are not cracked even by heat treatment and are cracked. By combining easily wear-resistant sintered materials, it is possible to combine many functional materials such as multi-layer wear-resistant steel pipes (for example, bulldozer crawler bushes) and sliding materials that combine wear resistance and oil impregnation. A multi-layered tube that enables it can be easily manufactured.
【００３０】さらに、第１および２の発明においては、
例えばＡｌ粉末とＴｉＨ粉末の混合粉末体からＡｌＴｉ
金属間化合物を製造過程において合成させると共に焼結
接合することを開示しているが、本合成反応は極めて顕
著な発熱を伴うことから、内周用金属円筒体内径部から
の加熱電力を減ずることができる等の利点が多い。とり
わけ、外周用金属円筒体を用いる第２の発明においては
ダイスとの直接反応が無いことから生産性においても好
ましい。また、同様のことはＡｌＮｉ，ＡｌＣｏ，Ｔｉ
Ｎｉ……等の多くの金属間化合物に適用できることは明
らかである。Further, in the first and second inventions,
For example, from a mixed powder of Al powder and TiH powder, AlTi
It discloses that the intermetallic compound is synthesized in the manufacturing process and sinter bonding is performed.However, since this synthesis reaction involves extremely significant heat generation, it is necessary to reduce the heating power from the inner diameter of the inner metal cylinder. There are many advantages such as being able to do. In particular, the second invention using the outer peripheral metal cylinder is preferable in terms of productivity since there is no direct reaction with the die. The same applies to AlNi, AlCo, Ti
Obviously, it can be applied to many intermetallic compounds such as Ni.
【００３１】前述のように本発明においては、Ｚｎのよ
うに酸化物形成傾向の強い元素であるＡｌ，Ｓｉ，Ｃ
ｒ，Ｂｅ，Ｔｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｍｇ等を含有するものや、Ｚｎ
と同様に蒸気圧の高いＰｂ，Ａｓ，Ｍｇ，Ｃｄ等を含有
する銅系材料に対しても極めて効果的であることは明ら
かであるが、丹銅に限らず、Ａｌ系材料，銅系材料，鉄
系材料等に広く適用できることも明らかである。As described above, in the present invention, Al, Si, C, which are elements having a strong tendency to form oxides, such as Zn, are used.
r, Be, Ti, Mn, Mg, etc .;
It is clear that it is extremely effective for copper-based materials containing Pb, As, Mg, Cd, etc., which have a high vapor pressure in the same manner as described above. It is also clear that it can be widely applied to iron-based materials and the like.
【００３２】第１および第２発明においては、前記内周
用金属円筒体と金属粉末体の接合面または外周用金属円
筒体と金属粉末体の接合面との間に第３の金属合金を配
置し、その第３の金属合金を介して高密度焼結体を焼結
接合させるのが好ましい（請求項６に係る発明）。例え
ば、内周用金属円筒体（鋼管）外径面と円筒状金属粉末
体の内径面との間に第３の金属合金を配置させて加熱す
ると、金属粉末体における液相の発生が無い場合や少な
い場合においても、この第３の金属合金が内周用金属円
筒体（鋼管）外径面と円筒状金属粉末体の内径面との表
面に濡れやすい液相を発生させ、強固な接合を実現す
る。なお、前記第３の金属合金は、内周用金属円筒体，
外周用金属円筒体および金属粉末体のいずれもが液相を
発生させない低温度領域で接合性を高める液相を発生す
る合成成分を含有するのが好ましい。In the first and second inventions, a third metal alloy is disposed between the joint surface between the inner peripheral metal cylinder and the metal powder or the joint surface between the outer peripheral metal cylinder and the metal powder. Then, it is preferable that the high-density sintered body is sintered and joined via the third metal alloy (the invention according to claim 6). For example, when a third metal alloy is disposed between the outer diameter surface of the inner metal cylinder (steel pipe) and the inner diameter surface of the cylindrical metal powder and heated, no liquid phase is generated in the metal powder. Even in the case of a small amount, the third metal alloy generates a liquid phase which is easily wetted on the surface of the outer peripheral surface of the inner peripheral metal cylindrical body (steel pipe) and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical metal powder body, thereby forming a strong joint. Realize. The third metal alloy is a metal cylinder for inner circumference,
It is preferable that both the outer peripheral metal cylinder and the metal powder contain a synthetic component that generates a liquid phase that enhances bondability in a low temperature region where a liquid phase is not generated.
【００３３】また、前記第３の金属合金は、焼結接合温
度領域で前記内周用金属円筒体と金属粉末体の接合性ま
たは外周用金属円筒体と金属粉末体の接合性を高めるた
めの液相を発生する合金成分を含有するのが好ましい
（請求項７に係る発明）。さらに、前記第３の金属合金
は、少なくとも６００℃の接合温度において、その第３
の金属合金が全量液相化した場合にでも、液相が金属粉
末体の焼結過程においてその金属粉末体に吸収される
が、好ましくは６００℃以上の接合加熱条件で全量が吸
収されて合金化した組成が、例えば熱伝導性などの目的
とする機能に悪影響を及ぼさないように第３の金属合金
成分を調整する、もしくは接合温度において液相が例え
ば５０体積％以下になるように成分、接合温度を調整す
るのが好ましい。Further, the third metal alloy is used for improving the joining property between the inner peripheral metal cylinder and the metal powder body or the joining property between the outer peripheral metal cylinder and the metal powder body in a sintering joining temperature range. It is preferable to contain an alloy component that generates a liquid phase (the invention according to claim 7). Further, the third metal alloy has a third metal alloy at a bonding temperature of at least 600 ° C.
Even when the entire metal alloy is in the liquid phase, the liquid phase is absorbed by the metal powder during the sintering process of the metal powder. The third metal alloy component is adjusted so that the converted composition does not adversely affect a target function such as thermal conductivity, or a component such that the liquid phase becomes, for example, 50% by volume or less at a joining temperature. It is preferable to adjust the joining temperature.
【００３４】また、第１および第２発明において、前記
加熱が６００℃以上に誘導加熱によってなされるのが好
ましい（請求項８に係る発明）。前記内周用金属円筒体
の内径部からの加熱を行う方法としては、シリコニッ
ト、黒鉛等の発熱体を配置してする方法や内周用金属円
筒体に直接通電する方法なども可能であるが、誘導加熱
法で内周用金属円筒体を発熱体とする加熱方法が温度制
御性や焼結サイクルの観点から最も好ましい。In the first and second aspects of the present invention, the heating is preferably performed by induction heating to 600 ° C. or higher (the invention according to claim 8). As a method of heating from the inner diameter portion of the inner peripheral metal cylindrical body, a method of arranging a heating element such as silicon knit, graphite or the like, a method of directly energizing the inner peripheral metal cylindrical body, and the like are also possible. From the viewpoint of temperature controllability and sintering cycle, a heating method in which the inner peripheral metal cylindrical body is used as a heating element by an induction heating method is most preferable.
【００３５】第１および第２発明においては、前記加熱
時に被加熱物全体を回転させるのが好ましい（請求項９
に係る発明）。このように少なくとも内周用金属円筒体
と金属粉末体とダイスとからなる被加熱物もしくは少な
くとも内周用金属円筒体と金属粉末体と外周用金属円筒
体とからなる被加熱物を加熱時に回転させることによ
り、加熱の均一化を図ることができる。In the first and second aspects of the present invention, it is preferable to rotate the entire object to be heated during the heating.
Invention). As described above, the heated object including at least the inner peripheral metal cylinder, the metal powder body, and the die or the heated object including at least the inner peripheral metal cylinder, the metal powder body, and the outer peripheral metal cylinder is rotated during heating. By doing so, uniform heating can be achieved.
【００３６】第１および第２発明においては、前記内周
金属用円筒体または外周用金属円筒体と金属粉末体との
焼結接合反応が、不活性ガス、還元性ガスもしくは真空
雰囲気下で行われるのが好ましい（請求項１０に係る発
明）。このような雰囲気制御を行なえば、焼結接合時の
酸化反応を抑制することができる。また、前述のように
内周金属用円筒体内径部からの誘導加熱方法を使うこと
によって内周金属用円筒体自身がその外径部での接合反
応への空気接触遮断のための容器として利用され、かつ
前記ダイスを同じ目的で利用できることから、接合時の
雰囲気制御空間を極めて少なくでき、生産設備の簡素
化、生産性の向上、ランニングコストの低減を図ること
に極めて有効である。In the first and second aspects of the invention, the sintering reaction between the inner peripheral metal cylinder or the outer peripheral metal cylinder and the metal powder is performed in an inert gas, a reducing gas, or a vacuum atmosphere. (The invention according to claim 10). By performing such an atmosphere control, an oxidation reaction at the time of sintering bonding can be suppressed. Also, by using the induction heating method from the inner diameter of the inner metal cylinder as described above, the inner metal cylinder itself can be used as a container for shutting off air contact with the bonding reaction at the outer diameter. In addition, since the dies can be used for the same purpose, the atmosphere control space at the time of joining can be extremely reduced, which is extremely effective for simplifying production equipment, improving productivity, and reducing running costs.
【００３７】また、前述のように接合時の雰囲気制御空
間を極めて少なくできることと誘導加熱による短時間の
焼結接合サイクルを実現できることから、加熱周辺に黒
鉛などの還元剤を用いたり、わずかなフラックス剤を金
属粉末体に混合したり、前記金属粉末体の内外径面、内
周用金属円筒体の外径面、外周用金属円筒体の内径面お
よび第３の金属合金の１つ以上に塗布することで、特別
な雰囲気制御をしないでも空気による酸化反応を防止で
き、さらなる生産性の向上、ランニングコストの低減に
有効である。Further, as described above, since the atmosphere control space at the time of joining can be extremely reduced and a short sintering joining cycle by induction heating can be realized, a reducing agent such as graphite is used around the heating, or a slight flux is used. The agent is mixed with the metal powder body, or applied to at least one of the inner and outer diameter surfaces of the metal powder body, the outer diameter surface of the inner metal cylinder body, the inner diameter surface of the outer metal cylinder body, and the third metal alloy. By doing so, the oxidation reaction by air can be prevented without special atmosphere control, which is effective for further improving productivity and reducing running costs.
【００３８】次に、第３発明（請求項１１に係る発明）
による複層構造管は、第１または第２発明による複層構
造管の製造方法により得られる複層構造管において、前
記金属粉末体による高密度焼結体が蒸気圧の高いＺｎを
５〜７０重量％を含む黄銅焼結合金であって、相対密度
で９３％以上で、内周用金属円筒体または外周用金属円
筒体のどちらか一方もしくは両方に焼結接合されている
ことを特徴とするものである。Next, the third invention (the invention according to claim 11)
Is a multi-layered tube obtained by the method for manufacturing a multi-layered tube according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the high-density sintered body of the metal powder is formed of 5-70 Zn having a high vapor pressure. A brass sintered alloy containing at least 93% by weight and having a relative density of 93% or more and being sintered and joined to one or both of the inner peripheral metal cylinder and the outer peripheral metal cylinder. Things.
【００３９】一般に、蒸気圧の高いＺｎを含有する金属
粉末体を例えば鋼管に焼結接合させようとすると、その
蒸気圧のために焼結温度を高めるにつれて焼結密度が著
しく低下し、接合性が悪く、剪断強度も低くなってしま
う。また、接合性と高密度化を図るために例えばＳｎを
多く添加しても、５重量%以上のＺｎを含有する場合に
は、相対密度で９３％以上に高めることは難しく、さら
に、例えば熱伝導率を０．３ｃａｌ／ｃｍ・ｓｅｃ・℃
以上にすることができない。しかし、本発明によれば金
属粉末体に加圧力を円筒状の肉厚方向に付与しながら内
周用金属円筒体およびまたは外周用金属円筒体に焼結接
合させるために、５〜７０重量％のＺｎを含有する黄銅
焼結材料を高密度に接合することができる。なお、Ｚｎ
が銅に固溶する場合でも熱伝導性が大きく劣化しないこ
とから、５〜１５重量％のＺｎを含有する黄銅材料は熱
伝導性を重視する用途に広く使われており、３０〜７０
重量％のＺｎを含む黄銅材料は摺動特性や高強度，耐摩
耗特性を重視して（高力黄銅と呼ばれて）使われてい
る。In general, when a metal powder containing Zn having a high vapor pressure is to be sintered and joined to, for example, a steel pipe, the sintering density is remarkably reduced as the sintering temperature is increased due to the vapor pressure. And the shear strength is low. Further, even if a large amount of Sn is added to improve the bonding property and the density, it is difficult to increase the relative density to 93% or more when Zn is contained in an amount of 5% by weight or more. Conductivity of 0.3 cal / cm · sec · ° C
I can't do more. However, according to the present invention, in order to apply a pressing force to the metal powder body in the thickness direction of the cylindrical shape and to sinter the metal powder body to the inner peripheral metal cylinder and / or the outer peripheral metal cylinder, 5 to 70% by weight is required. Can be joined at a high density. Note that Zn
Since the thermal conductivity does not significantly deteriorate even when is dissolved in copper, a brass material containing 5 to 15% by weight of Zn is widely used in applications where thermal conductivity is important, and 30 to 70% by weight.
A brass material containing Zn by weight is used with importance on sliding characteristics, high strength, and abrasion resistance (called high strength brass).
【００４０】本発明においては、上述のようにＺｎを含
有する金属粉末体を焼結接合するのに極めて有効である
が、Ｚｎと同様に酸化物形成傾向の強い元素であるＡ
ｌ，Ｓｉ，Ｃｒ，Ｂｅ，Ｔｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｍｇ等を含有する
ものや、Ｚｎと同様に蒸気圧の高いＰｂ，Ａｓ，Ｍｇ，
Ｃｄ等を含有する銅系材料に対しても極めて効果的であ
ることは明らかである。In the present invention, as described above, it is extremely effective for sintering a metal powder containing Zn, but, like Zn, A is an element having a strong tendency to form oxides.
l, Si, Cr, Be, Ti, Mn, Mg, etc., or Pb, As, Mg,
Obviously, it is extremely effective for copper-based materials containing Cd and the like.
【００４１】また、Ａｌ，Ｓｉ，Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｔ
ｉ、Ｆｅ等は高力黄銅を強化する元素として極めて良く
用いられているが、とりわけＡｌ，Ｓｉ、Ｆｅを添加す
る場合には焼結体が膨張することが知られており（例え
ば、特開平８−２９１３０６号公報）、黄銅系焼結材が
高密度化しないが、本発明は前述のように加圧力を付加
した焼結接合法であることからこれら元素を添加した高
密度高力黄銅焼結体を接合することができる。なお、前
記黄銅焼結体には、鋼管との接合性を考慮する場合に
は、ＰもしくはＳｎの少なくともいずれか一つの合金元
素が３重量%以下で含有されていることが好ましい。Further, Al, Si, Mn, Ni, Co, T
i, Fe, and the like are very often used as elements for strengthening high-strength brass, but it is known that, particularly when Al, Si, and Fe are added, the sintered body expands (see, for example, No. 8-291306), although the brass-based sintered material does not have a high density, the present invention is a sinter joining method to which a pressing force is applied as described above. Bonds can be joined. It is preferable that the brass sintered body contains at least one alloy element of P or Sn in an amount of 3% by weight or less in consideration of bondability with a steel pipe.
【００４２】次に、第４発明（請求項１２に係る発明）
は、第１または第２発明による複層構造管の製造方法に
より得られる複層構造管において、前記金属粉末体によ
る高密度焼結体が、相対密度で９３％以上の高密度部お
よびそれと異なる１つ以上の低密度部を混在させた状態
で内周用金属円筒体または外周用金属円筒体のどちらか
一方もしくは両方に焼結接合されていることを特徴とす
るものである。Next, the fourth invention (the invention according to claim 12)
Is a multi-layer structure pipe obtained by the method of manufacturing a multi-layer structure pipe according to the first or second invention, wherein the high-density sintered body made of the metal powder body has a high-density portion of 93% or more in relative density and different from that One or more low-density portions are mixed and sintered to one or both of the inner peripheral metal cylinder and the outer peripheral metal cylinder.
【００４３】本発明においては、金属粉末体に加圧力を
円筒状の肉厚方向に付与しながら内周用金属円筒体およ
びまたは外周用金属円筒体に焼結接合させるために内周
用金属円筒体の外径面、外周金属円筒体の内径面および
ダイス内径面のいずれか１つ以上に凹凸部を設けて焼結
接合することによって容易に金属焼結体中に低密度部と
高密度部を混在させることができ、例えば長時間の給油
を必要とない高性能な無給脂摺動用の軸受部材として使
うことができる。In the present invention, the inner peripheral metal cylinder is formed by applying a pressing force to the metal powder body in the thickness direction of the cylindrical body so as to be sintered and joined to the inner peripheral metal cylinder and / or the outer peripheral metal cylinder. A low-density part and a high-density part can be easily formed in a metal sintered body by providing irregularities on at least one of the outer diameter surface of the body, the inner diameter surface of the outer peripheral metal cylinder, and the inner diameter surface of the die and performing sinter joining. And can be used as a high-performance lubrication-free sliding bearing member that does not require lubrication for a long time.
【００４４】なお、前記金属粉末体中に溶製材を予めで
混在させておいて前述のように焼結接合させると、前記
溶製材はそれ以上に緻密化されず、溶製材間の隙間にあ
る金属粉末体に圧力が十分に伝達されないために、低密
度部が形成されるので、非常に容易に前記金属焼結体中
に低密度部と高密度部とを混在させることができる。When the ingot is mixed in advance in the metal powder body and sintered and joined as described above, the ingot is not further densified and remains in the gap between the ingots. Since the pressure is not sufficiently transmitted to the metal powder body, a low-density part is formed, so that the low-density part and the high-density part can be very easily mixed in the metal sintered body.
【００４５】第５発明（請求項１３に係る発明）による
複層構造管は、第１または第２発明の複層構造管の製造
方法により得られる複層構造管において、２種類以上の
異なる性質を有する断面略Ｃ字状の筒状体および／また
は板状片に加圧成形された複数の金属粉末体を組み合わ
せて焼結接合されることを特徴とするものである。The multi-layer structure pipe according to the fifth invention (the invention according to claim 13) is a multi-layer structure pipe obtained by the method for manufacturing a multi-layer structure pipe according to the first or second invention, and has two or more different properties. Sintering is performed by combining a plurality of metal powder bodies formed by pressing into a cylindrical body and / or a plate-like piece having a substantially C-shaped cross section.
【００４６】本発明においては、合成成分や成形密度，
形状の異なる等２種類以上の異なる性質を有する断面略
Ｃ字状の筒状体及びまたは板状片の金属粉末体、例えば
前述のように熱処理によっても焼き割れない軟鉄系材料
と焼き割れ易い耐摩耗性焼結材料を組み合わせて前述の
ように焼結接合させれば、熱処理性のある複層耐摩耗性
鋼管（例えば、ブルドーザの履帯ブッシュ）を容易に製
造することができる。In the present invention, the synthetic components, the molding density,
A metal powder body having a cylindrical shape and / or a plate-like piece having a substantially C-shaped cross section having two or more different properties such as different shapes, for example, a soft iron-based material which does not crack by heat treatment as described above and a resistance to easily cracking. When the wear-resistant sintered materials are combined and sintered and joined as described above, a multi-layer wear-resistant steel pipe having heat treatment properties (for example, a crawler bush of a bulldozer) can be easily manufactured.
【００４７】本発明において、前記金属粉末体は少なく
とも軟質系材料と硬質の耐摩耗性焼結材料からなり、断
面略Ｃ字状の筒状体および／または板状片に加圧成形さ
れたものであるのが好ましい（請求項１４に係る発
明）。In the present invention, the metal powder comprises at least a soft material and a hard wear-resistant sintered material, and is formed into a cylindrical body and / or a plate-like piece having a substantially C-shaped cross section. (The invention according to claim 14).
【００４８】例えば、ブルドーザ用の履帯ブッシュでは
内周用金属円筒体として低合金鋼を使って、その外径面
に上述の耐摩耗性焼結材料を焼結接合するが、耐摩耗性
焼結材料に１５Ｃｒ−３Ｍｏ系の高炭素焼結材料のみを
用いて接合した後に熱処理を行うと、低合金鋼管の焼入
れによる体積膨張によって焼結接合部に割れが発生す
る。この場合には、焼入れによる変態膨張の無い成形体
（例えば、オーステナイト系もしくはフェライト系の軟
質の鉄系粉末成形体やＮｉ系粉末成形体等）と上述の耐
摩耗焼結用鋼粉末成形体を交互に配置して焼結接合する
ことによって焼き割れを防止することができる。なお、
耐摩耗性焼結材料としては、１５Ｃｒ−３Ｍｏ系高炭素
鋼系や各種粉末工具鋼系などの良く使われる材料を用い
ることができる。For example, in a crawler bush for a bulldozer, a low-alloy steel is used as an inner metal cylinder, and the above-described wear-resistant sintered material is sintered and bonded to its outer diameter surface. If heat treatment is performed after joining using only a 15Cr-3Mo-based high carbon sintered material as a material, cracks occur in the sintered joint due to volume expansion due to quenching of the low alloy steel pipe. In this case, a compact (for example, an austenitic or ferritic soft iron-based powder compact or a Ni-based powder compact) having no transformation expansion due to quenching and the above-described steel powder compact for wear-resistant sintering are used. By alternately arranging and sinter-joining, quenching cracks can be prevented. In addition,
As the wear-resistant sintered material, a commonly used material such as a 15Cr-3Mo high carbon steel or various powder tool steels can be used.
【００４９】さらに、前記耐摩耗性焼結材料としては、
粒径が０．１〜３ｍｍの超硬やＷＣ等の硬質粒子を多量
に分散させた複合焼結用粉末体であっても、また、Ａｌ
Ｔｉ，ＮｉＴｉ，ＦｅＡｌ，Ｆｅ３Ａｌ等の金属間化合
物を形成する焼結用粉末体であっても、高密度に焼結接
合することができる。とりわけ、Ａｌ金属粉末とＴｉＨ
粉末からＡｌＴｉ等の金属間化合物を形成させる場合に
は、Ａｌの液相化に続いて、発熱を伴った合成反応が起
こり、顕著な膨張性を示し始めるが、前述の本発明が利
用する顕著な加圧力によって緻密化することができる。
同じことはＡｌＮｉ，ＡｌＣｏ，ＮｉＴｉ等の多くの金
属間化合物に対しても適用できることは明らかである。Further, as the wear resistant sintered material,
Even a powder for composite sintering in which hard particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 3 mm or hard particles such as WC are dispersed in a large amount,
Even sintering powders that form intermetallic compounds such as Ti, NiTi, FeAl, and Fe 3 Al can be sintered and joined at high density. In particular, Al metal powder and TiH
When an intermetallic compound such as AlTi is formed from a powder, a synthesis reaction accompanied by heat generation follows the liquid phase of Al and starts to exhibit remarkable swelling properties. Densification can be achieved by an appropriate pressing force.
Obviously, the same can be applied to many intermetallic compounds such as AlNi, AlCo, and NiTi.
【００５０】本発明においては、前記耐摩耗性焼結材料
がＡｌ，Ｔｉ系金属間化合物の自己合成反応によって合
成される高密度な焼結体になるのが好ましい（請求項１
５に係る発明）。また、前記内周用金属円筒体および外
周用金属円筒体の少なくとも一方は鋼管であるのが好ま
しい（請求項１６に係る発明）。なお、前記内周用金属
円筒体および外周用金属円筒体としては、前記第３の金
属合金および前記金属粉末体よりも高融点をもつＡｌ系
材料、銅系材料、鉄系材料、Ｎｉ系材料、Ｔｉ系材料等
が広く対象となることは明らかである。In the present invention, it is preferable that the wear-resistant sintering material is a high-density sintered body synthesized by a self-synthesis reaction of an Al-Ti intermetallic compound.
5). Preferably, at least one of the inner metal cylinder and the outer metal cylinder is a steel pipe (the invention according to claim 16). The metal cylinder for the inner circumference and the metal cylinder for the outer circumference include an Al-based material, a copper-based material, an iron-based material, and a Ni-based material having a higher melting point than the third metal alloy and the metal powder body. , Ti-based materials and the like are clearly applicable.
【００５１】また、前記第３の金属合金としては、内、
外周用金属円筒体に応じた市販の各種ろう材、例えば黄
銅ろう材、硬質銀ろう材等を使うことができるが、第３
の金属合金が全量液相化しないことが望ましい場合に
は、例えばハンセンの状態図集を参考にして、焼結接合
温度における第３合金組成を適時に選ぶことが好まし
い。Further, the third metal alloy includes:
Various commercially available brazing materials, such as brass brazing material and hard silver brazing material, can be used according to the outer peripheral metal cylinder.
In the case where it is desired that all of the metal alloy is not in the liquid phase, it is preferable to appropriately select the third alloy composition at the sintering joining temperature with reference to, for example, Hansen's phase diagram collection.
【００５２】次に、第５発明（請求項１７に係る発明）
によるダイスは、第１および第２発明による複層構造管
の製造方法に用いられる略円筒状のダイスであって、内
径面が金属粉末体もしくは外周用金属円筒体との接触面
積を減ずるように凹凸形状にされていることを特徴とす
るものである。Next, the fifth invention (the invention according to claim 17)
Is a substantially cylindrical die used in the method for manufacturing a multilayer structure pipe according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, and the inner diameter of the die is reduced so as to reduce the contact area with the metal powder body or the outer peripheral metal cylindrical body. It is characterized in that it has an uneven shape.
【００５３】本発明においては、前記内径面を凹凸形状
とすることにより、内接する金属粉末体もしくは外周用
金属円筒体の熱伝達面積を減じて熱の拡散を抑制し、か
しめ作用をより確かなものにするとともに、複層構造管
の生産性を高めることができるという効果を奏する。こ
のダイスは、略円筒体の内径面に沿って複数の棒材を配
列させる構造であってもよく、また略円筒体の内径面を
凹凸形状に構成してもよい。In the present invention, by making the inner diameter surface uneven, the heat transfer area of the inscribed metal powder body or the outer peripheral metal cylinder is reduced to suppress the diffusion of heat, and the caulking action is more reliably performed. And the productivity of the multi-layer structure pipe can be increased. The die may have a structure in which a plurality of rods are arranged along the inner diameter surface of the substantially cylindrical body, or the inner diameter surface of the substantially cylindrical body may be formed in an uneven shape.
【００５４】また、第６発明（請求項１８に係る発明）
によるダイスは、第１および第２発明による複層構造管
の製造方法に用いられる略円筒状のダイスであって、内
径面が、熱伝導率が小さくかつ耐熱衝撃性に優れた材質
により構成されることを特徴とするものである。The sixth invention (the invention according to claim 18).
Is a substantially cylindrical die used in the method for manufacturing a multilayer tube according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, wherein the inner diameter surface is made of a material having low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal shock resistance. It is characterized by that.
【００５５】本発明においては、内径面すなわち前記略
円筒体内径面に沿って配設される棒材もしくは略円筒体
内径面の材質に、例えば耐衝撃性に優れた鋼，Ｗ等の金
属製のものや、より熱伝導性が小さく耐熱衝撃性に優れ
る石英を用いることにより、極めて大きな熱の拡散防止
効果を得ることができる。In the present invention, the material of the rod or the inner surface of the substantially cylindrical body, which is disposed along the inner surface, ie, the inner surface of the substantially cylindrical body, is made of a metal such as steel or W having excellent impact resistance. By using the above-mentioned material or quartz having lower thermal conductivity and excellent thermal shock resistance, an extremely large heat diffusion preventing effect can be obtained.
【００５６】また、第７発明（請求項１９に係る発明）
によるダイスは、第１および第２発明による複層構造管
の製造方法に用いられる略円筒状のダイスであって、内
部または外周部に温度上昇を抑制する冷却構造を備える
ことを特徴とするものである。The seventh invention (the invention according to claim 19).
Is a substantially cylindrical die used in the method of manufacturing a multi-layer structure pipe according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, wherein the die has a cooling structure for suppressing a rise in temperature inside or at an outer peripheral portion. It is.
【００５７】本発明においては、金属円筒ダイスを積極
的に冷却することによって、前述のかしめ作用をより確
かなものにできると共に金属円筒ダイスの軽量化や変形
や寸法に対する安定性が増し、かつ、ダイスに対するハ
ンドリング性が良くなって、生産性の向上、製造コスト
の低減に極めて有効である。In the present invention, by positively cooling the metal cylindrical die, the above-mentioned caulking action can be made more reliable, the weight of the metal cylindrical die can be reduced, and the stability against deformation and dimensions can be increased. Die handling is improved, which is extremely effective in improving productivity and reducing manufacturing costs.
【００５８】[0058]
【発明の実施の形態】次に、本発明による複層構造管の
製造方法，その製造方法より得られる複層構造管および
その製造方法に用いられるダイスの具体的な実施の形態
につき、図面を参照しつつ説明する。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a method of manufacturing a multi-layered tube according to the present invention, a multi-layered tube obtained by the method of manufacturing the same, and a die used in the method of manufacturing the same. It will be described with reference to FIG.
【００５９】図１は、本発明の一実施例に係る複層構造
管の製造方法を説明する組立断面図である。FIG. 1 is an assembly sectional view for explaining a method of manufacturing a multi-layer structure pipe according to one embodiment of the present invention.
【００６０】本実施例においては、内径φ１２４ｍｍ，
外径φ１５２ｍｍ，長さ７０ｍｍの内周用金属円筒体１
と、内径φ１５２ｍｍ，外径φ１６２ｍｍ，長さ３５ｍ
ｍの円筒状成形体（金属粉末体）２と、内径φ１６２ｍ
ｍ，外径２４２ｍｍ，長さ５０ｍｍの黒鉛ダイス３また
は金属ダイス３’とを用いて焼結接合を実施する。な
お、前記内周用金属円筒体１としては、ＳＣＭ４２０鋼
管またはＳＵＳ３０４ステンレス管が用いられている。In this embodiment, the inner diameter is 124 mm,
Metal cylinder 1 for inner circumference with outer diameter φ152mm and length 70mm
And inner diameter φ152mm, outer diameter φ162mm, length 35m
m cylindrical molded body (metal powder body) 2 and inner diameter φ162 m
Sinter joining is performed using a graphite die 3 or a metal die 3 ′ having a m, an outer diameter of 242 mm and a length of 50 mm. As the metal cylinder 1 for the inner circumference, an SCM420 steel pipe or a SUS304 stainless steel pipe is used.
【００６１】図２には、前記金属ダイス３’の縦断面図
（ａ）および１／４の断面図（ｂ）が示されている。こ
の金属ダイス３’は、内径φ１８２ｍｍ，外径φ２４２
ｍｍ，長さ５０ｍｍのＳＵＳ３０４円筒体３ａの内径面
に沿って２ｍｍ径の複数の石英丸棒３ｂが配置され、さ
らにその内径側に薄肉（内径φ１６２ｍｍ，外径φ１７
８ｍｍ，長さ５０ｍｍ）のＳＵＳ３０４円筒体３ｃが配
置されてなり、断熱構造にされている。なお、前記薄肉
の円筒体３ｃは内径が１６２ｍｍとされているが、前記
円筒状成形体２に代えて前記内周用金属円筒体１と金属
ダイス３’との間に金属粉末を充填して焼結接合させる
場合には内径が１５６ｍｍの薄肉の円筒体３ｃ’が用い
られる。FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view (a) and a quarter sectional view (b) of the metal die 3 '. This metal die 3 'has an inner diameter of 182 mm and an outer diameter of 242 mm.
A plurality of 2 mm-diameter quartz round bars 3b are arranged along the inner diameter surface of a SUS304 cylindrical body 3a having a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 50 mm.
The SUS304 cylindrical body 3c (8 mm, length 50 mm) is arranged and has a heat insulating structure. The thin cylindrical body 3c has an inner diameter of 162 mm, but is filled with metal powder between the inner peripheral metal cylindrical body 1 and the metal die 3 'instead of the cylindrical molded body 2. In the case of sinter joining, a thin cylindrical body 3c 'having an inner diameter of 156 mm is used.
【００６２】前記円筒状成形体（金属粉末体）２として
は、＃２５０メッシュ以下のアトマイズ銅粉末，亜鉛粉
末，アルミニューム粉末，錫粉末，Ｎｉ粉末，Ｓｉ粉末
およびＴｉＨ粉末と０．３〜１ｍｍの超硬粒子，＃３０
０メッシュ以下のアトマイズ鉄粉末，Ｆｅ‐１５Ｃｒ‐
３Ｍｏ‐１Ｖ鋼粉，Ｆｅ２７Ｐ燐鉄粉および平均粒径６
μｍの黒鉛粉末を用いて、表１の組成で混合調整した金
属粉末を使用した。なお、成形時の潤滑剤としてアクラ
ワックスを０．７ｗｔ％添加して混合調整している。The cylindrical molded body (metal powder body) 2 may be made of atomized copper powder, zinc powder, aluminum powder, tin powder, Ni powder, Si powder and TiH powder having a mesh size of # 250 or less and 0.3 to 1 mm. Super hard particles, # 30
Atomized iron powder of 0 mesh or less, Fe-15Cr-
3Mo-1V steel powder, Fe27P iron phosphate powder and average particle size 6
Metal powder mixed and adjusted with the composition shown in Table 1 using graphite powder of μm was used. Note that 0.7 wt% of accra wax is added as a lubricant at the time of molding to adjust the mixing.
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００６３】前記円筒状成形体２は、前記表１に示され
る各種金属粉末（Ｎｏ１〜Ｎｏ８）を加圧力４ｔｏｎ／
ｃｍ２で前記サイズの円筒状に加圧成形したものであ
る。また、前記円筒状成形体２に代えて板状片の成形体
（以下、板状成形体という）２’を用いることができ、
この板状成形体２’は図３に示されるように、前記円筒
状成形体２をほぼ２４等分した形状に前記表１に示され
る各種金属粉末（Ｎｏ１〜Ｎｏ８）を加圧力５ｔｏｎ／
ｃｍ２で加圧成形したものである。The cylindrical compact 2 was prepared by applying various metal powders (No. 1 to No. 8) shown in Table 1 above to a pressure of 4 ton /
It was molded into a cylindrical shape having the above-mentioned size in cm 2 . In addition, a plate-shaped piece formed body (hereinafter, referred to as a plate-shaped formed body) 2 ′ can be used in place of the cylindrical formed body 2,
As shown in FIG. 3, the plate-like molded body 2 ′ is formed by applying various metal powders (No. 1 to No. 8) shown in Table 1 into a shape obtained by dividing the cylindrical molded body 2 into approximately 24 equal parts with a pressing force of 5 ton /
It was molded under pressure in cm 2 .
【００６４】（実施例１）本実施例においては、図１に
示されるように黒鉛ダイス３の内径部に表１のＮｏ１，
２，３の各金属粉末からなる円筒状成形体２を配置し、
さらに、その円筒状成形体２の内径部に鋼管（ＳＣＭ４
２０）１を配置して、周囲にＡｒガスを流気させなが
ら、鋼管１の内径部から３ｋＨｚ，５０ｋＷの高周波電
源を用いて誘導加熱した。加熱条件はＮｏ１，２，３の
各金属粉末からなる円筒状成形体２に対してそれぞれ前
記鋼管１の内径部温度が９５０，９００および８００℃
になるように電力を自動投入しながら、最終的には黒鉛
ダイス３の外径面が約５５０℃になるまで加熱して焼結
接合した。その結果、前記円筒状成形体２の焼結体の相
対密度は９３％以上にすべて緻密化され、接合面での剪
断強度（接合強度）は１８ｋｇ／ｍｍ２以上に強固に接
合されていた。しかし、黒鉛ダイス３への熱の拡散が顕
著なために、焼結完了まで約１０分の時間を要し、効率
が悪かった。(Example 1) In this example, as shown in FIG.
A cylindrical molded body 2 made of each of the metal powders 2 and 3 is arranged,
Further, a steel pipe (SCM4
20) With the 1 placed, induction heating was performed from the inner diameter of the steel pipe 1 using a high-frequency power supply of 3 kHz and 50 kW while flowing Ar gas around. The heating conditions were such that the inside diameter temperature of the steel pipe 1 was 950, 900 and 800 ° C. for the cylindrical compact 2 made of each of the metal powders Nos. 1, 2 and 3.
Finally, the graphite die 3 was heated until the outer diameter surface thereof reached about 550 ° C. while being automatically supplied with electric power so as to perform sinter bonding. As a result, the relative density of the sintered body of the cylindrical molded body 2 was all densified to 93% or more, and the shear strength (joining strength) at the joint surface was firmly joined to 18 kg / mm 2 or more. However, since the diffusion of heat to the graphite die 3 was remarkable, it took about 10 minutes to complete the sintering, and the efficiency was poor.
【００６５】（実施例２）本実施例では、前記薄肉の円
筒体３ｃ（内径φ１６２ｍｍ）を備える断熱構造の金属
ダイス３’を用いて、前記実施例１と同じ条件で加熱時
間を２分に限定して焼結接合を実施した。その結果、金
属ダイス３’の外径面の温度は１５０℃を越えることが
無く、生産性が極めて向上することが分かった。また、
前記円筒状成形体２の焼結体の相対密度は９７％以上
で、剪断強度も２０ｋｇ／ｍｍ２以上に安定しており、
前記実施例１の結果に比べても顕著に緻密化されること
がわかった。とりわけ、緻密化を阻害する固体潤滑の黒
鉛を多量のに含有する表１中Ｎｏ２の金属粉末からなる
焼結材料でも高密度化されることがわかった。なお、比
較例として前記Ｎｏ１，２，３の金属粉末からなる円筒
状成形体２をアンモニア分解ガス雰囲気炉（露点−３８
℃）で、前記の各温度で黒鉛ダイス３および金属ダイス
３’を用いないで鋼管１に焼結させたが、蒸気圧の高い
Ｚｎを多量に含有する金属粉末では充分に緻密化するこ
と無く、接合できなかった。(Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, the heating time is reduced to 2 minutes under the same conditions as in Embodiment 1 by using a metal die 3 'having a heat insulation structure provided with the thin cylindrical body 3c (inner diameter 162 mm). Sintering was performed in a limited manner. As a result, it was found that the temperature of the outer diameter surface of the metal die 3 ′ did not exceed 150 ° C., and the productivity was extremely improved. Also,
The relative density of the sintered body of the cylindrical molded body 2 is 97% or more, and the shear strength is stable at 20 kg / mm 2 or more.
It was found that the density was remarkably increased as compared with the result of Example 1. In particular, it has been found that a sintered material made of the metal powder of No. 2 in Table 1 containing a large amount of solid lubricated graphite that inhibits densification also has a high density. As a comparative example, a cylindrical molded body 2 made of the metal powders Nos. 1, 2, and 3 was placed in an ammonia decomposition gas atmosphere furnace (dew point −38).
C), the steel tube 1 was sintered at each of the above-mentioned temperatures without using the graphite die 3 and the metal die 3 ', but the metal powder containing a large amount of Zn having a high vapor pressure was not sufficiently densified. , Could not be joined.
【００６６】（実施例３）本実施例では、前記薄肉の円
筒体３ｃ’（内径φ１５６ｍｍ）を有する断熱構造の金
属ダイス３’を用いて、前記鋼管１の外径面とその金属
ダイス３’の内径面との間にＮｏ１およびＮｏ３の金属
粉末を充填して、前記実施例２と同じ温度条件で焼結接
合を実施した。その結果、前記金属粉末からなる約１ｍ
ｍ厚さの焼結接合体の相対密度は９３％以上で、剪断強
度も２０ｋｇ／ｍｍ２以上で安定した接合強度が得られ
た。(Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, an outer diameter surface of the steel pipe 1 and its metal die 3 'are used by using a metal die 3' of a heat insulating structure having the thin cylindrical body 3c '(inner diameter 156 mm). No. 1 and No. 3 metal powders were filled in between the inner diameter surface and the sintering joint under the same temperature conditions as in Example 2. As a result, about 1 m of the metal powder
The relative density of the sintered joint having a thickness of m was 93% or more, and the shear strength was 20 kg / mm 2 or more, and stable joining strength was obtained.
【００６７】（実施例４）本実施例においては、前記金
属ダイス３’の円筒体３ｃとして、その材質をＳＣＭ４
２０に代えるとともに、その内径部には図４（ａ）に示
されるような０．２ｍｍ深さの円周状に溝加工を施した
ものを用いた。また、前記内周用金属円筒体１として、
ＳＵＳ３０４ステンレス管を用い、その外径部に図４
（ｂ）に示される０．３ｍｍ深さの縦溝を機械加工で付
けて、その外径部に黒鉛の離形剤を薄く塗布したものが
用いられた。前記円筒状成形体２には、表1のＮｏ１，
２、３、４の金属粉末を用い、Ｎｏ１，２、３は前記実
施例２と同じ加熱条件、鉄系焼結摺動材料のＮｏ４は９
００℃になる条件で焼結接合を実施した。薄肉のＳＣＭ
４２０円筒体３ｃの内径部に接合した焼結体は、高密度
部、中密度部、低密度部で構成され、高密度部では相対
密度で９７％以上に緻密化され、中密度部では相対密度
で９０％以下、低密度部では相対密度で８０％以下に焼
結接合されていることが分かった。これを軸受として使
った場合には、高密度部で軸受荷重の多くを受けて、低
密度部で潤滑油を含有させると共に、中密度部において
は高密度部にかかる軸受荷重を周囲から支えると同時に
潤滑油を供給することが明らかであり、極めて優れた軸
受部材として利用できることがわかった。なお、ＳＣＭ
４２０円筒体３ｃの内径面に０．２ｍｍの溝加工を施し
ていることから、ＳＣＭ４２０円筒体３ｃとの接合（剪
断）は極めて強力であった。また、本実施例における円
筒体３ｃは、本発明における外周用金属円筒体に相当す
る。(Embodiment 4) In this embodiment, as the cylindrical body 3c of the metal die 3 ', the material is SCM4.
20 was used, and the inner diameter thereof was formed by forming a groove with a circumference of 0.2 mm as shown in FIG. 4A. Further, as the inner peripheral metal cylindrical body 1,
Using SUS304 stainless steel tube,
A vertical groove having a depth of 0.3 mm shown in (b) was machined, and a graphite release agent was thinly applied to the outer diameter of the groove. No. 1 of Table 1 was added to the cylindrical molded body 2.
Nos. 1, 2, and 3 were used under the same heating conditions as in Example 2, and No. 4 of the iron-based sintered sliding material was 9
The sinter joining was performed under the condition of 00 ° C. Thin SCM
The sintered body joined to the inner diameter portion of the 420 cylindrical body 3c is composed of a high-density portion, a medium-density portion, and a low-density portion. It was found that sintering was performed at a density of 90% or less and a relative density of 80% or less at a low density portion. When this is used as a bearing, the bearing load is received in the high-density part and the lubricating oil is contained in the low-density part. At the same time, it was clear that lubricating oil was supplied, indicating that it could be used as an extremely excellent bearing member. Note that SCM
Since the inner diameter surface of the 420 cylindrical body 3c was formed with a 0.2 mm groove, the joining (shearing) with the SCM420 cylindrical body 3c was extremely strong. The cylindrical body 3c in the present embodiment corresponds to the outer peripheral metal cylindrical body in the present invention.
【００６８】（実施例５）本実施例では、前記薄肉の円
筒体３ｃを有する金属ダイス３’を用いて、表1中のＮ
ｏ５の金属粉末からなる円筒状成形体２をＳＣＭ４２０
鋼管１の外径面に焼結接合するが、その円筒状成形体２
内径面とＳＣＭ４２０鋼管１外径面との間に１１００℃
でも完全に液相化しないＣｕ−１５ｗｔ％Ｎｉ−８ｗｔ
％Ｓｎ合金（第３の金属合金）の０．２ｍｍ板を配置し
た場合としない場合の加熱を行った。前記鋼管１の内径
部の温度が１０５０℃になるようにして５分間の焼結接
合を行った。接合界面での青銅の存在は部分的なもので
多くは焼結体母相中に吸収・拡散したものと考えられ
る。なお、冷却状態では焼結体のブリネル硬さは約ＨＢ
＝５００で、焼結体に割れは存在しなかった。超硬粒子
の硬さマイクロビッカース硬さ計で測定したところＨｖ
ｍ＝１２００で、超硬材が熱劣化を受けていないことが
分かった。また、焼結体母相の焼結密度を油の含浸率か
ら測定した結果、相対密度で９３％以上であることがわ
かった。さらに、接合面での接合強度（剪断強度）は第
３の金属合金を介在させないないもので２７ｋｇ／ｍｍ
２，介在させたものは４２ｋｇ／ｍｍ２であった。次
に、前記焼結接合により製造された複層構造管を８５０
℃で３０分Ｎ２ガス雰囲気中で加熱した後、６０℃の油
中に焼き入れた結果、どちらも硬さは極めて増大した
が、焼結体に多くの焼き割れが発生した。(Embodiment 5) In the present embodiment, the metal die 3 'having the thin cylindrical body 3c is used and N in Table 1 is used.
The cylindrical compact 2 made of o5 metal powder was
Sintered to the outer diameter surface of the steel pipe 1,
1100 ° C between inner diameter surface and outer diameter surface of SCM420 steel pipe 1
But Cu-15wt% Ni-8wt which does not completely liquid phase
Heating was performed with and without a 0.2 mm plate of a% Sn alloy (third metal alloy). The sinter bonding was performed for 5 minutes so that the temperature of the inner diameter portion of the steel pipe 1 became 1050 ° C. It is considered that the presence of bronze at the bonding interface was partial and most of the bronze was absorbed and diffused into the sintered body matrix. In the cooling state, the Brinell hardness of the sintered body is about HB.
= 500, there was no crack in the sintered body. Hardness of ultra-hard particles Hv measured by micro-Vickers hardness tester
At m = 1200, it was found that the cemented carbide was not thermally degraded. In addition, as a result of measuring the sintered density of the sintered body matrix from the oil impregnation rate, it was found that the relative density was 93% or more. Furthermore, the joint strength (shear strength) at the joint surface is 27 kg / mm without the third metal alloy interposed.
2 , 42 kg / mm 2 was interposed. Next, the multi-layer structure tube manufactured by the sintering is 850
After heating in an N 2 gas atmosphere at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes and quenching in oil at 60 ° C., the hardness of each of them was extremely increased, but many sintering cracks occurred in the sintered body.
【００６９】（実施例６）本実施例では、前記薄肉の円
筒体３ｃを有する金属ダイス３’を用いて、硬質材料と
して表1中のＮｏ５，６，７を選び、軟質材料としてＮ
ｏ８を選んで、前記板状成形体２’に成形した硬質材料
と軟質材料の板状成形体２’を交互に配置してＳＣＭ４
２０鋼管１の外径面に焼結接合するが、その板状成形体
２’の内径面とＳＣＭ４２０鋼管１の外径面との間に１
１００℃でも完全に液相化しないＣｕ−１５ｗｔ％Ｎｉ
−８ｗｔ％Ｓｎ合金（第３の金属合金）の０．２ｍｍ板
を配置して、加熱を行った。鋼管１の内径部の温度が１
１００℃になるようにして５分間の焼結接合を行った後
に、一旦室温に冷却し、こうして製造された複層構造管
を８５０℃で前記実施例５と同じ条件で再加熱焼き入れ
した結果、表１のＮｏ５，６，７のいずれの焼結体にお
いても焼き割れは発生せず、ビッカース硬さはそれぞ
れ、Ｈｖ＝１０００、Ｈｖ＝８５０、Ｈｖ＝４５０であ
った。なお、Ｎｏ７の金属間化合物の再熱処理前の硬さ
は、ビッカース硬さでＨｖ＝４３０であり、再加熱焼入
れによって変化せず、また、ほぼ同じ組成の溶製材料と
同じ硬さレベルであった。(Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, Nos. 5, 6, and 7 in Table 1 are selected as hard materials using a metal die 3 'having the thin cylindrical body 3c, and N is used as a soft material.
o8, the plate material 2 ′ made of the hard material and the soft material formed in the plate member 2 ′ are alternately arranged to form the SCM4.
20 is sinter-bonded to the outer diameter surface of the steel pipe 1, and the distance between the inner diameter surface of the plate-shaped formed body 2 ′ and the outer diameter surface of the SCM420 steel pipe 1 is
Cu-15wt% Ni which does not completely liquidify even at 100 ℃
A 0.2 mm plate of a -8 wt% Sn alloy (third metal alloy) was arranged and heated. The temperature of the inner diameter of the steel pipe 1 is 1
After performing the sintering bonding at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes, the mixture was once cooled to room temperature, and the multi-layered tube manufactured in this manner was quenched again at 850 ° C. under the same conditions as in Example 5 above. No sintering crack occurred in any of the sintered bodies Nos. 5, 6 and 7 in Table 1, and the Vickers hardness was Hv = 1000, Hv = 850, and Hv = 450, respectively. The hardness of the intermetallic compound of No. 7 before the reheat treatment was Hv = 430 in Vickers hardness, did not change by reheating and quenching, and had the same hardness level as that of the ingot material having almost the same composition. Was.
【００７０】前記実施例１の黒鉛ダイス３を用い、鋼管
１の外径面に蒸気圧の高いＺｎを高濃度に含有する黄銅
焼結材料を高密度に焼結接合できることは、鋼管１の内
径部からの高周波加熱による鋼管１の急激な膨張と黒鉛
ダイス３の加熱遅れと鋼管１より黒鉛が低熱膨張率であ
ることによるかしめ作用によって、黄銅焼結材料に有効
な加圧力が作用し、高密度化（相対密度で９３％以上）
と同時に鋼管に冶金学的に接合されることがわかる。な
お、黒鉛ダイス３の内径と鋼管１の外径との差をつめ
て、円筒状成形体２の厚さを５ｍｍ以下にすることより
高密度化されることは明らかであるが、高密度化される
焼結体の厚さが薄くなる。The graphite die 3 of Example 1 can be used to sinter and bond a brass sintered material containing Zn having a high vapor pressure at a high concentration to the outer diameter surface of the steel pipe 1 at a high density. Due to the rapid expansion of the steel pipe 1 due to the high frequency heating from the part, the delay in heating of the graphite die 3 and the caulking action due to the low thermal expansion coefficient of the graphite from the steel pipe 1, an effective pressing force acts on the brass sintered material, Densification (93% or more relative density)
At the same time, it can be seen that it is metallurgically joined to the steel pipe. It is clear that the density can be increased by reducing the difference between the inner diameter of the graphite die 3 and the outer diameter of the steel pipe 1 and reducing the thickness of the cylindrical molded body 2 to 5 mm or less. The thickness of the sintered body to be thinned.
【００７１】また、実施例１と２の比較によって、黒鉛
ダイス３に代えて断熱構造をもつ金属ダイス３’を利用
することによって、金属ダイス３’への熱の拡散が防が
れた結果、焼結接合にかかる時間が大幅に短縮されると
共に金属ダイス３’の膨張が画期的に低減でき、金属ダ
イス３’からのかしめ作用がより強力になって、黄銅系
焼結材料はより高密度で、より強力に焼結接合されるこ
とがわかる。また、焼結接合後、鋼管１の内径面を急速
冷却すると製造された複層構造管を前記金属ダイス３’
から容易に取り出すことができることおよび金属ダイス
３’の外径面を冷却するようにすれば、ハンドリング性
が改善できることや金属ダイス３’の寸法が常に一定に
保たれ、複層鋼管の外径寸法の精度を高めることができ
る。また、焼結性を阻害する黒鉛や通常の焼結時では焼
結体を膨張させるＡｌを含有させたNo２でも高密度に焼
結接合されていることは、一般に、焼結性を阻害する固
体潤滑剤を多く含有し、黄銅焼結材をより硬く、強化す
るＡｌ，Ｎｉを含有する高面圧用の高力黄銅焼結摺動部
材の製造方法として利用できることは明らかである。Also, by comparing the first and second embodiments, the use of the metal die 3 'having a heat insulating structure in place of the graphite die 3 prevented the diffusion of heat to the metal die 3'. The time required for sintering is greatly reduced, and the expansion of the metal die 3 'can be significantly reduced. The caulking action from the metal die 3' becomes stronger, and the brass-based sintered material becomes higher. It can be seen that sintering is more strongly performed at the density. Further, after sintering, the inner surface of the steel pipe 1 is rapidly cooled, and the manufactured multi-layer structure pipe is connected to the metal die 3 ′.
If the outer diameter surface of the metal die 3 'is cooled, the handleability can be improved, the dimensions of the metal die 3' are always kept constant, and the outer diameter dimension of the multi-layer steel pipe is improved. Accuracy can be improved. In addition, the fact that graphite that inhibits sintering or No. 2 containing Al that expands a sintered body during normal sintering is densely sintered and joined generally means that a solid that inhibits sintering is solid. It is apparent that the method can be used as a method for producing a high-strength brass sintered sliding member for high surface pressure containing Al and Ni, which contains a large amount of a lubricant and hardens and strengthens the brass sintered material.
【００７２】実施例３から明らかなように、前記鋼管１
の外径と加熱温度で膨張した外径の膨張差と金属粉末の
充填密度とから金属ダイス３’の内径を決めれば、金属
粉末を円筒状に加圧成形した円筒状成形体２を利用せず
に、金属粉末を充填して鋼管１の内径部から加熱するこ
とによって、より低コストで高密度の焼結体が接合され
ることがわかる。As is apparent from the third embodiment, the steel pipe 1
If the inner diameter of the metal die 3 ′ is determined from the difference between the outer diameter of the metal die and the outer diameter expanded at the heating temperature and the packing density of the metal powder, the cylindrical molded body 2 formed by pressing the metal powder into a cylindrical shape can be used. Instead, by filling the metal powder and heating from the inner diameter portion of the steel pipe 1, it is understood that a low-cost, high-density sintered body is joined.
【００７３】実施例４から明らかなように、前記円筒体
３ｃの内径部に焼結接合した焼結体に２つ以上の相対密
度の異なる部位を混在させた軸受部材を容易に、低コス
トで製造できることがわかる。とりわけ、相対密度の異
なる部位の配置の自由度が大きく、かつ相対密度のレベ
ル調整も何段階にも容易に調整できることや実施例２の
ように固体潤滑剤である黒鉛を含有する高力黄銅系焼結
材をも高密度に焼結接合できることは、例えば高面圧用
の軸受部材や給脂間隔の長い軸受部材等、各種稼働条件
への適用性が広いことにつながり、極めて優れた銅系、
鉄系等の軸受部材が低コストで製造されることは明らか
である。As is apparent from the fourth embodiment, a bearing member in which two or more portions having different relative densities are mixed in a sintered body sintered and bonded to the inner diameter portion of the cylindrical body 3c can be easily manufactured at low cost. It can be seen that it can be manufactured. In particular, there is a large degree of freedom in arranging portions having different relative densities, and the relative density level can be easily adjusted in any number of steps. Also, as in Example 2, a high-strength brass system containing graphite as a solid lubricant is used. The ability to sinter and join sintered materials at high density also leads to wide applicability to various operating conditions, such as bearing members for high surface pressure and bearing members with a long greasing interval.
It is clear that iron-based bearing members are manufactured at low cost.
【００７４】なお、焼結接合する焼結体中に２つ以上の
相対密度の異なる部位を混在させる方法としては、前記
実施例４のように金属ダイス３’の内径面や前記鋼管１
の外径面に機械加工を施すだけでなく、前記実施例５の
ように複数の板状成形体２’を配置するときに、各板状
成形体２’の成形密度を変える方法や円筒状成形体２の
高さを低くして、複数個積み上げるように配置させる
等、多く考えることができる。As a method for mixing two or more portions having different relative densities in the sintered body to be sintered and joined, the inner surface of the metal die 3 ′ and the steel
In addition to performing machining on the outer diameter surface of the above, when arranging a plurality of plate-like molded bodies 2 ′ as in the fifth embodiment, a method of changing the molding density of each plate-like molded body 2 ′ There are many possible cases, such as lowering the height of the molded body 2 and arranging the molded bodies 2 so as to stack a plurality of them.
【００７５】実施例５で用いられたＮｏ５の金属粉末は
Ｆｅ‐３ｗｔ％Ｓｉ‐２ｗｔ％Ｎｉ‐０．６ｗｔ％ｃ焼
結合金マトリックスに超硬粒子が分散した焼結体組織を
得ることを目的にしているが、Ｓｉ，Ｎｉはマトリック
ス中の炭素の活量を高め、超硬粒子からのマトリックス
への炭素の拡散を防止するために、そして、Ｎｉ,炭素
は焼入れによってマトリックスを硬化させることを目的
として添加したものであり、１０５０℃の焼結接合温度
ではマトリックスからの十分な液相が発生しないことか
ら接合強度が弱く（２７ｋｇ／ｍｍ２）、第３の金属合
金を介して焼結接合したもの（剪断強度４２ｋｇ／ｍｍ
２）がより好ましいことがわかる。The No. 5 metal powder used in Example 5 was intended to obtain a sintered body structure in which ultra-hard particles were dispersed in an Fe-3 wt% Si-2 wt% Ni-0.6 wt% c sintered alloy matrix. However, Si and Ni increase the activity of carbon in the matrix and prevent diffusion of carbon from the superhard particles into the matrix. Ni and carbon harden the matrix by quenching. At a sintering joining temperature of 1050 ° C., a sufficient liquid phase is not generated from the matrix, so that the joining strength is weak (27 kg / mm 2 ), and the sintering joining is performed via the third metal alloy. (Shear strength 42 kg / mm
It turns out that 2 ) is more preferable.
【００７６】実施例６では各種硬質の耐摩耗性材料（Ｎ
ｏ５，６，７）と軟質材料（Ｎｏ８）を交互に配置して
焼結接合したものを焼き入れした場合の、硬質層の変態
膨張、鋼管の変態膨張に起因する焼き割れが軟質層での
変形吸収によって確実に防止された。なお、耐摩耗性材
料と軟質材の配置方法は、実施例６の例に限らず、断面
略Ｃ字状の高さの低い円筒体（リング状）を積み上げる
等、焼き割れを防止する目的の各種配置が可能である。In Example 6, various hard wear-resistant materials (N
o5, 6, 7) and the soft material (No. 8) are alternately arranged and sintered and quenched. The quenching cracks caused by the transformation expansion of the hard layer and the transformation expansion of the steel pipe in the soft layer are hardened. It was reliably prevented by deformation absorption. The method of arranging the wear-resistant material and the soft material is not limited to the example of the sixth embodiment, but is intended to prevent burning cracks, such as stacking low-height cylindrical bodies (ring-shaped) having a substantially C-shaped cross section. Various arrangements are possible.
【図１】図１は、鋼管，円筒状成形体，黒鉛ダイスおよ
び高周波誘導コイルの組立断面図である。FIG. 1 is an assembled sectional view of a steel pipe, a cylindrical molded body, a graphite die, and a high-frequency induction coil.
【図２】図２は、金属ダイスの縦断面図（ａ）および１
／４の断面図（ｂ）である。FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view (a) of a metal die and FIG.
FIG. 4B is a sectional view (b) of FIG.
【図３】図３は、板状成形体の説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a plate-like molded body.
【図４】図４は、円筒体内径面に施した円周状溝の説明
図（ａ）および内周用金属円筒体外径面に施した縦溝の
説明図（ｂ）である。FIGS. 4A and 4B are explanatory views of a circumferential groove provided on an inner diameter surface of a cylindrical body and an explanatory view of a vertical groove provided on an outer diameter surface of an inner metal cylinder.
１ 内周用金属円筒体（鋼管，ステンレス
管） ２ 円筒状成形体（金属粉末体） ３ 黒鉛ダイス ３’ 金属ダイス ３ａ，３ｃ 円筒体 ３ｂ 石英丸棒DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metal cylinder for inner periphery (steel pipe, stainless steel pipe) 2 Cylindrical compact (metal powder) 3 Graphite die 3 'Metal die 3a, 3c Cylindrical body 3b Quartz round bar
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 3H111 AA01 BA03 BA05 BA34 CB03 CB04 DA08 DA10 DA11 DA26 DB19 DB27 EA12 EA14 EA18 4K018 AA04 AA08 AA24 AA40 AB07 AC01 BA02 BA03 BA04 BA08 BA10 BA16 BA19 BA20 BB01 BB04 BC12 EA19 EA20 HA03 JA22 JA27 KA02 KA03 KA05 KA07 KA23 KA58 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 3H111 AA01 BA03 BA05 BA34 CB03 CB04 DA08 DA10 DA11 DA26 DB19 DB27 EA12 EA14 EA18 4K018 AA04 AA08 AA24 AA40 AB07 AC01 BA02 BA03 BA04 BA08 BA10 BA16 BA19 BA20 BB01 BB04 BC12 EA04 JA27 KA02 KA03 KA05 KA07 KA23 KA58
Claims (19)
内径を有する略円筒状のダイスの内部に内周用金属円筒
体を挿入して、それら内周用金属円筒体とダイスとの間
に焼結接合用の金属粉末体を配置して、前記内周用金属
円筒体の内径面から６００℃以上に加熱することによっ
て、内周用金属円筒体を急速に膨張させると共に、前記
ダイスの加熱遅れに基づくかしめ作用によって、前記内
周用金属円筒体の外径面に前記金属粉末体からなる高密
度焼結体を接合することを特徴とする複層構造管の製造
方法。1. An inner peripheral metal cylinder is inserted into a substantially cylindrical die having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the inner peripheral metal cylinder, and the inner peripheral metal cylinder and the die are separated from each other. A metal powder body for sinter bonding is arranged in between, and heated to 600 ° C. or more from the inner diameter surface of the metal cylinder for the inner circumference, thereby rapidly expanding the metal cylinder for the inner circumference, and A high-density sintered body composed of the metal powder body is joined to an outer diameter surface of the inner peripheral metal cylindrical body by a caulking action based on the heating delay of the above.
内径を有する外周用金属円筒体の内部に内周用金属円筒
体を挿入して、それら内周用金属円筒体と外周用金属円
筒体との間に焼結接合用の金属粉末体を配置して、前記
内周用金属円筒体の内径面から６００℃以上に加熱する
ことによって、内周用金属円筒体を急速に膨張させると
共に、前記外周用金属円筒体の加熱遅れに基づくかしめ
作用によって、少なくとも前記外周用金属円筒体の内径
面に前記金属粉末体からなる高密度焼結体を接合するこ
とを特徴とする複層構造管の製造方法。2. An inner metal cylinder is inserted into an outer metal cylinder having an inner diameter larger than an outer diameter of the inner metal cylinder, and the inner metal cylinder and the outer metal are inserted into the inner metal cylinder. A metal powder body for sintering and joining is placed between the cylindrical body and the inner circumferential metal cylinder is heated to 600 ° C. or more from the inner surface of the inner circumferential metal cylinder, thereby rapidly expanding the inner circumferential metal cylinder. And a high-density sintered body made of the metal powder body joined to at least an inner diameter surface of the outer peripheral metal cylinder by a caulking action based on a heating delay of the outer peripheral metal cylinder. Pipe manufacturing method.
外周用金属円筒体の外径寸法よりもわずかに大きい内径
を有する略円筒状のダイスを配置させて、前記内周用金
属円筒体の内径部からの加熱時に外周用金属円筒体及び
焼結接合用の金属粉末体に対するかしめ作用を付加させ
る請求項２に記載の複層構造管の製造方法。3. A substantially cylindrical die having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the outer peripheral metal cylinder is disposed on the outer diameter of the outer peripheral metal cylinder, and 3. The method for manufacturing a multi-layer structure pipe according to claim 2, wherein a caulking action is added to the outer peripheral metal cylindrical body and the sintered metal powder body when heating from the inner diameter portion of the cylindrical body.
る請求項１または３に記載の複層構造管の製造方法。4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the die has a heat insulating structure.
状の筒状体または板状片の少なくともいずれか１つの形
状に金属粉末を加圧成形させたものである請求項１〜４
のうちのいずれかに記載の複層構造管の製造方法。5. The metal powder body is formed by press-molding a metal powder into at least one of a cylindrical body, a cylindrical body having a substantially C-shaped cross section, and a plate-like piece. 4
The method for producing a multilayer tube according to any one of the above.
合面または外周用金属円筒体と金属粉末体の接合面との
間に第３の金属合金を配置し、その第３の金属合金を介
して高密度焼結体を焼結接合させる請求項１〜５のうち
のいずれかに記載の複層構造管の製造方法。6. A third metal alloy is disposed between a joint surface between the inner peripheral metal cylinder and the metal powder body or a joint surface between the outer peripheral metal cylinder and the metal powder body, and the third metal The method for producing a multi-layer structure tube according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the high-density sintered body is sintered and joined via an alloy.
域で前記内周用金属円筒体と金属粉末体の接合性または
外周用金属円筒体と金属粉末体の接合性を高めるための
液相を発生する合金成分を含有する請求項６に記載の複
層構造管の製造方法。7. The third metal alloy according to claim 1, wherein said third metal alloy is used for improving the bonding property between said inner peripheral metal cylinder and said metal powder body or said outer metal cylinder body and said metal powder body in a sintering bonding temperature range. The method for producing a multi-layer structure tube according to claim 6, further comprising an alloy component that generates a liquid phase.
ってなされる請求項１〜７のうちのいずれかに記載の複
層構造管の製造方法。8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heating is performed by induction heating at a temperature of 600 ° C. or higher.
る請求項１〜８のうちのいずれかに記載の複層構造管の
製造方法。9. The method for producing a multi-layer structure tube according to claim 1, wherein the whole object to be heated is rotated during the heating.
属円筒体と金属粉末体との焼結接合反応が、不活性ガ
ス、還元性ガスもしくは真空雰囲気下で行われる請求項
１〜９のいずれかに記載の複層構造管の製造方法。10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sintering and bonding reaction between the inner metal cylinder or the outer metal cylinder and the metal powder is performed in an inert gas, a reducing gas or a vacuum atmosphere. A method for producing a multi-layer structure tube according to any one of the above.
の製造方法により得られる複層構造管において、 前記金属粉末体による高密度焼結体が蒸気圧の高いＺｎ
を５〜７０重量％を含む黄銅焼結合金であって、相対密
度で９３％以上で、内周用金属円筒体または外周用金属
円筒体のどちらか一方もしくは両方に焼結接合されてい
ることを特徴とする複層構造管。11. The multi-layer structure tube obtained by the method for manufacturing a multi-layer structure tube according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-density sintered body of the metal powder body has a high vapor pressure of Zn.
Is a brass sintered alloy containing 5 to 70% by weight and has a relative density of 93% or more and is sintered and joined to one or both of the inner peripheral metal cylinder and the outer peripheral metal cylinder. A multi-layered tube characterized by the following.
の製造方法により得られる複層構造管において、 前記金属粉末体による高密度焼結体が、相対密度で９３
％以上の高密度部およびそれと異なる１つ以上の低密度
部を混在させた状態で内周用金属円筒体または外周用金
属円筒体のどちらか一方もしくは両方に焼結接合されて
いることを特徴とする複層構造管。12. The multilayered tube obtained by the method for manufacturing a multilayered tube according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-density sintered body made of the metal powder body has a relative density of 93%.
% And at least one low-density portion different from the high-density portion are mixed and sintered to one or both of the inner peripheral metal cylinder and the outer peripheral metal cylinder. And multi-layered pipe.
の製造方法により得られる複層構造管において、 ２種類以上の異なる性質を有する断面略Ｃ字状の筒状体
および／または板状片に加圧成形された複数の金属粉末
体を組み合わせて焼結接合されることを特徴とする複層
構造管。13. A multi-layer structure pipe obtained by the method for producing a multi-layer structure pipe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a cylindrical body and / or plate having a substantially C-shaped cross section and having two or more different properties. What is claimed is: 1. A multi-layered tube characterized in that a plurality of metal powder bodies formed by pressing on a metal piece are combined and sintered and joined.
材料と硬質の耐摩耗性焼結材料からなり、断面略Ｃ字状
の筒状体および／または板状片に加圧成形されたもので
ある請求項１３に記載の複層構造管。14. The metal powder body is made of at least a soft material and a hard wear-resistant sintered material, and is formed by pressing into a cylindrical body and / or a plate-like piece having a substantially C-shaped cross section. 14. The multi-layer structure tube according to claim 13.
金属間化合物の自己合成反応によって合成される高密度
な焼結体になる請求項１４に記載の複層構造管。15. The multi-layer structure tube according to claim 14, wherein the wear-resistant sintered material is a high-density sintered body synthesized by a self-synthesis reaction of an Al-Ti intermetallic compound.
属円筒体の少なくとも一方は鋼管である請求項１１〜１
５のうちのいずれかに記載の複層構造管。16. At least one of the inner peripheral metal cylinder and the outer peripheral metal cylinder is a steel pipe.
6. The multi-layer structure tube according to any one of 5.
の製造方法に用いられる略円筒状のダイスにおいて、 内径面が金属粉末体もしくは外周用金属円筒体との接触
面積を減ずるように凹凸形状にされていることを特徴と
するダイス。17. A substantially cylindrical die used in the method for manufacturing a multilayer structure pipe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an inner diameter surface of the die has a reduced contact area with a metal powder body or an outer peripheral metal cylindrical body. A dice characterized by having an uneven shape.
の製造方法に用いられる略円筒状のダイスにおいて、 内径面が、熱伝導率が小さくかつ耐熱衝撃性に優れた材
質により構成されることを特徴とするダイス。18. A substantially cylindrical die used in the method for manufacturing a multi-layer structure pipe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner diameter surface is made of a material having a small thermal conductivity and excellent thermal shock resistance. A dice characterized by:
の製造方法に用いられる略円筒状のダイスにおいて、 内部または外周部に温度上昇を抑制する冷却構造を備え
ることを特徴とするダイス。19. A substantially cylindrical die used in the method for manufacturing a multilayer structure pipe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a cooling structure for suppressing a rise in temperature is provided inside or at an outer peripheral portion. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27726399A JP2001107109A (en) | 1999-09-29 | 1999-09-29 | Manufacture of composite-layered tube, composite- layered tube obtained thereby, and die used therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27726399A JP2001107109A (en) | 1999-09-29 | 1999-09-29 | Manufacture of composite-layered tube, composite- layered tube obtained thereby, and die used therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001107109A true JP2001107109A (en) | 2001-04-17 |
Family
ID=17581093
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27726399A Pending JP2001107109A (en) | 1999-09-29 | 1999-09-29 | Manufacture of composite-layered tube, composite- layered tube obtained thereby, and die used therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2001107109A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7094473B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2006-08-22 | Komatsu Ltd. | Wear-resistant sintered contact material, wear-resistant sintered composite contact component and method of producing the same |
| JP2014041001A (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2014-03-06 | Amerifab Inc | Adjustable heat exchanger and use method |
-
1999
- 1999-09-29 JP JP27726399A patent/JP2001107109A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7094473B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2006-08-22 | Komatsu Ltd. | Wear-resistant sintered contact material, wear-resistant sintered composite contact component and method of producing the same |
| US7279228B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2007-10-09 | Komatsu Ltd. | Wear-resistant sintered contact material, wear-resistant sintered composite contact component and method of producing the same |
| US7282078B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2007-10-16 | Komatsu Ltd. | Wear-resistant sintered contact material, wear-resistant sintered composite contact component and method of producing the same |
| US7473296B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2009-01-06 | Komatsu, Ltd. | Wear-resistant sintered contact material, wear-resistant sintered composite contact component and method of producing the same |
| JP2014041001A (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2014-03-06 | Amerifab Inc | Adjustable heat exchanger and use method |
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