JP2001096261A - Method of recycling waste electric appliance resource - Google Patents
Method of recycling waste electric appliance resourceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001096261A JP2001096261A JP28131399A JP28131399A JP2001096261A JP 2001096261 A JP2001096261 A JP 2001096261A JP 28131399 A JP28131399 A JP 28131399A JP 28131399 A JP28131399 A JP 28131399A JP 2001096261 A JP2001096261 A JP 2001096261A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- specific gravity
- water
- crushed
- sorting
- crushing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006328 Styrofoam Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008261 styrofoam Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100033041 Carbonic anhydrase 13 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100032566 Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 10 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000867860 Homo sapiens Carbonic anhydrase 13 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000867836 Homo sapiens Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 10 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、廃棄物となった使
用済み家電製品を破砕し、素材別に分別し、再資源化す
る廃家電製品の再資源化処理方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of recycling used home electric appliances, which crushes, separates, and recycles used home electric appliances as waste.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、既存リサイクル業者が使用済み家
電製品は、図１３に示すように処理し、再資源化してい
た。以下、その処理方法について説明する。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, home electric appliances used by an existing recycler are processed and recycled as shown in FIG. Hereinafter, the processing method will be described.
【０００３】図１３に示すように、使用済み家電製品を
ストックヤード１から搬送工程２にて破砕装置へ搬送し
た後、破砕工程３にて破砕し、破砕した破砕物から磁気
選別工程４にて鉄スクラップを回収する。[0003] As shown in FIG. 13, a used home electric appliance is transported from a stock yard 1 to a crushing device in a transporting process 2 and then crushed in a crushing process 3. Collect iron scrap.
【０００４】鉄スクラップを回収した後の破砕物は、風
力選別工程５にて、プラスチックが主構成物のダスト群
と非鉄群とに選別する。選別された非鉄群は、篩い選別
工程６にてサイズ別に分離する。比較的大きい非鉄群は
渦電流選別工程７にて選別し、また比較的小サイズの非
鉄群は比重選別工程８にて銅およびアルミニウムに選別
される。[0004] The crushed material after the recovery of the iron scrap is separated into a dust group and a non-ferrous group whose main constituent is plastic in a wind separation step 5. The sorted non-ferrous group is separated by size in the screening step 6. The relatively large non-ferrous group is sorted in the eddy current sorting step 7, and the relatively small non-ferrous group is sorted into copper and aluminum in the specific gravity sorting step 8.
【０００５】また、別の処理方法として、特開平５−１
４７０４０号公報に示される方法があり、この処理方法
を図１４を参照しながら説明する。[0005] Another processing method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-1.
There is a method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 47040, and this processing method will be described with reference to FIG.
【０００６】図１４に示すように、ストックヤード１か
ら搬送工程２にて搬送し、金属塊分別工程９で、モー
タ、コンプレッサー等の金属塊を分別する。つぎに、金
属塊を分別された本体を破砕工程３で破砕し、破砕物を
軽量物分別工程１０にて発泡ウレタン等の発泡成形材を
分離する。[0006] As shown in FIG. 14, a metal lump is conveyed from a stock yard 1 in a conveyance step 2, and a metal lump such as a motor and a compressor is separated in a metal lump separation step 9. Next, the main body from which the metal lump has been separated is crushed in a crushing step 3, and the crushed material is separated into a foam molded material such as urethane foam in a lightweight material separation step 10.
【０００７】一方、分別されたモータ、コンプレッサー
等の金属塊は冷却工程１１で冷却した後、破砕工程１２
にて破砕し、軽量物分別工程１０で出た重い廃棄物と一
緒になって金属分別工程１３に送られる。金属分別工程
１３では、まず磁気選別工程４で鉄スクラップを回収
し、ステンレス分別工程１４でステンレスを回収する。On the other hand, the separated metal lump such as a motor and a compressor is cooled in a cooling step 11 and then crushed in a crushing step 12.
And sent to the metal separation step 13 together with the heavy waste generated in the lightweight separation step 10. In the metal separation step 13, first, iron scrap is collected in the magnetic separation step 4, and stainless steel is collected in the stainless separation step 14.
【０００８】つぎに、渦電流選別工程７で選別した非鉄
群を比重選別工程８で銅、アルミニウム、その他非鉄金
属の３種類に分別する。さらに、金属類を回収したプラ
スチック群は、静電分離工程１５にて木材等を分離し
て、プラスチック分別工程１６に送られる。Next, the non-ferrous group selected in the eddy current selection step 7 is separated into three types of copper, aluminum and other non-ferrous metals in a specific gravity selection step 8. Further, the plastic group from which the metals are recovered is separated into wood and the like in the electrostatic separation step 15 and sent to the plastic separation step 16.
【０００９】冷却工程１７で冷却されたプラチック群は
破砕工程１８で破砕し、篩い選別工程６にて、大部分が
塩化ビニル系のプラスチックからなる細かい破砕物と、
塩化ビニルの少ない比較的大きな破砕物であるプラスチ
ック群とに選別する。細かい破砕物は比重選別工程１９
にて、塩化ビニルとその他樹脂に分離し、その他樹脂は
比較的大きな破砕物であるプラスチック群と一緒に水利
用分離工程２０にて、オレフィン系樹脂とスチレン系樹
脂と塩化ビニルに分離される。[0009] The plastics cooled in the cooling step 17 are crushed in a crushing step 18, and in a sieving and sorting step 6, finely crushed products, which are mostly made of vinyl chloride plastic,
Sorted into plastics, which are relatively large crushed materials with little vinyl chloride. Fine crushed material is separated into specific gravity 19
, The other resin is separated into an olefin resin, a styrene resin and vinyl chloride in a water separation step 20 together with a relatively large crushed plastic group.
【００１０】水利用分離工程２０に使用する水利用セパ
レータは、図１５に示すように、塩化ビニル回収用の第
１の槽２１と、スチレン系樹脂回収用の第２の槽２２お
よび循環ポンプ２３を介して第１の槽２１へ水を循環さ
せる水を取り入れる第３の槽２４とで構成している。As shown in FIG. 15, a water use separator used in the water use separation step 20 includes a first tank 21 for collecting vinyl chloride, a second tank 22 for collecting styrene resin, and a circulation pump 23. And a third tank 24 for taking in water for circulating water to the first tank 21 through the first tank 21.
【００１１】水利用セパレータに供給されたオレフィン
系樹脂２５、スチレン系樹脂２６、塩化ビニル２７の
内、塩化ビニル２７は、循環水の流れに余り影響される
ことなく第１の槽２１に沈降し、スチレン系樹脂２６
は、循環水の流れに影響されながら徐々に第２の槽２２
の底部に沈降する。オレフィン系樹脂２５は、循環水の
流れにより徐々に下流側へ移動し、コンベアー２８で回
収される。[0011] Of the olefin resin 25, styrene resin 26, and vinyl chloride 27 supplied to the water-using separator, the vinyl chloride 27 settles in the first tank 21 without being significantly affected by the flow of circulating water. , Styrene resin 26
Is gradually affected by the flow of the circulating water in the second tank 22.
Settles to the bottom of the. The olefin-based resin 25 moves gradually downstream by the flow of the circulating water, and is collected by the conveyor 28.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、図１３
に示す第１の処理方法では、比較的大きいサイズの非鉄
金属部品は破砕された後、風力選別工程５でダスト群と
非鉄金属に選別できるが、家電製品に使用されているモ
ータやコンプレッサー等の銅線と、銅線を使用している
内部配線や電源コードは絡みやすく軽いために、風力選
別工程５では、ダスト群中へ大部分混入し廃棄される。
また、非鉄金属側に風力選別された一部の銅線類は、破
砕で細かく切断された状態で、篩い選別工程６の篩いに
絡み、篩い選別工程６の機能を低下させる等の問題があ
った。However, FIG.
In the first treatment method shown in FIG. 1, after a relatively large-sized non-ferrous metal part is crushed, it can be separated into dust groups and non-ferrous metal in a wind separation step 5, but a motor, a compressor, and the like used in home appliances are used. Since the copper wire and the internal wiring and the power cord using the copper wire are easily entangled and light, in the wind separation step 5, most of the copper wire is mixed into the dust group and discarded.
In addition, some of the copper wires that have been wind-sorted to the non-ferrous metal side have problems such as being entangled with the sieve of the sieve sorting process 6 in a state of being finely cut by crushing, thereby deteriorating the function of the sieve sorting process 6. Was.
【００１３】この結果、熱交換器を有する一部の家電製
品を除く大部分の家電製品では、使用している銅の大部
分をモータと内部配線および電源コードの銅が占めるた
めに、有価価値の高い銅の回収率は極めて低いものとな
る問題と、篩い選別工程６の篩い機能までも阻害する問
題があった。As a result, in most home appliances except some home appliances having a heat exchanger, most of the copper used is occupied by the motor, the internal wiring, and the copper of the power cord, so that the value of the copper is high. The problem is that the high copper recovery rate is extremely low and that the sieving function of the sieving and sorting step 6 is also impaired.
【００１４】また、ダストに混入している銅線を振動分
別工程（図示せず）で選別、回収するには、破砕サイズ
を極めて細かく揃える必要がある。しかし、家電製品の
ダスト群は熱可塑性樹脂が大部分を占めているため熱伝
導が悪く、破砕時の熱で熱可塑性樹脂が溶融し破砕でき
ない問題があった。さらに、プラスチック群は種類毎に
全く選別されることなくダストとして廃棄されるという
問題があった。Further, in order to sort and recover the copper wire mixed in the dust in the vibration sorting step (not shown), it is necessary to arrange the crushed size extremely finely. However, the dust group of home electric appliances has a problem in that the thermoplastic resin occupies a large part and thus has poor heat conduction, and the heat during crushing causes the thermoplastic resin to melt and cannot be crushed. Further, there is a problem that the plastic group is discarded as dust without being sorted out by type.
【００１５】また、図１４に示す第２の処理方法では、
上記第１の処理方法と同じく、内部配線や電源コードの
破砕物は絡みやすく軽いために、軽量物分別工程１０で
ダスト群中へ相当量混入し廃棄される。また、モータや
コンプレッサー等の銅線と前工程からの一部の内部配線
や電源コードの破砕物を金属分別工程１３に送っている
が、銅塊やアルミ塊以外の表面積の極めて小さい銅線等
の非鉄金属を渦電流選別工程７で分離することは極めて
困難なため、プラスチック群と一緒になって次工程へ送
られ、銅線が回収できない問題がある。また、金属塊分
別工程９にて予め前処理を行わなければならないと言う
問題がある。In the second processing method shown in FIG.
Similar to the first processing method, since the crushed material of the internal wiring and the power cord is easily entangled and light, a considerable amount of the crushed material is mixed into the dust group and discarded in the lightweight material separation step 10. In addition, copper wires such as motors and compressors and some internal wiring from the previous process and crushed materials of power cords are sent to the metal separation process 13, but copper wires with extremely small surface area other than copper and aluminum Since it is extremely difficult to separate the non-ferrous metal in the eddy current sorting step 7, the non-ferrous metal is sent to the next step together with the plastic group, and there is a problem that the copper wire cannot be recovered. In addition, there is a problem that pretreatment must be performed in advance in the metal lump sorting step 9.
【００１６】さらに、ポリプロピレン樹脂（オレフィン
系樹脂）は、家電製品で最も汎用的なプラスチックであ
り最も大量に使用されている。しかしながら、使用済み
家電製品から事前にコンデンサや緩衝用のスポンジ類を
除去しないと、水利用分離工程２０では、軽量物選別工
程１０で完全に除去できなかったコンデンサフイルムや
スポンジ類が水に浮き、オレフィン系樹脂へ異物として
混入してしまうという問題があり、このままではマテリ
アルリサイクルが困難である。Furthermore, polypropylene resin (olefin resin) is the most general-purpose plastic in home electric appliances and is used in the largest amount. However, if the capacitors and sponges for buffering are not removed from the used home appliances in advance, in the water use separation process 20, the capacitor films and sponges that could not be completely removed in the lightweight material sorting process 10 float on the water, There is a problem that it is mixed as a foreign substance into the olefin-based resin, and it is difficult to recycle the material as it is.
【００１７】本発明は上記課題を解決するもので、予め
銅線を使用している部品を解体し取り出すことなく、こ
れらの銅を高効率に回収することを目的としている。An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to efficiently recover copper using a copper wire without disassembling and removing the component in advance.
【００１８】[0018]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は上記第１の目的
を達成するために、１次破砕工程にて破砕された１次破
砕物から磁力選別工程にて鉄系金属を取り出し、この磁
力選別工程にて鉄系金属を取り除いた破砕物を２次破砕
工程にて再破砕し、風力選別工程にて少なくとも１次破
砕物または２次破砕物からフイルム、発泡スチロールな
どの超軽量物とそれ以外のプラスチック、非鉄系の破砕
物とに分離し、水比重選別工程にて再破砕された破砕物
を銅線と銅合金やアルミニウム合金および実装プリント
基板等の混合物からなる重比重物と、比重が１．０より
大きく概ね１．０５程度の主にスチレン系樹脂等からな
る中比重物と、比重が１．０より小さいオレフィン系樹
脂からなる軽比重物の３種類に選別する再資源化処理方
法である。According to the present invention, in order to achieve the first object, an iron-based metal is taken out from a primary crushed material crushed in a primary crushing step in a magnetic separation step, and this magnetic force is removed. The crushed material from which the iron-based metal has been removed in the sorting process is re-crushed in the secondary crushing process, and at least the primary crushed material or the secondary crushed material in the wind sorting process is ultra-lightweight such as film, styrene foam, etc. Plastic and non-ferrous crushed material, and the crushed material re-crushed in the water specific gravity sorting process is separated from copper wire and copper alloy, aluminum alloy, and heavy specific gravity material consisting of a mixture of printed circuit boards and the like. Recycling treatment method that sorts into three types: medium specific gravity mainly composed of styrene resin etc., which is larger than 1.0 and approximately 1.05, and light specific gravity composed of olefin resin whose specific gravity is smaller than 1.0. It is.
【００１９】これにより、予め銅線を使用している部品
を解体し取り出すことなく、これらの銅を高効率に回収
することができる。[0019] This makes it possible to recover copper efficiently with no need to dismantle and remove parts using copper wires in advance.
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の請求項１に記載の発明
は、１次破砕工程にて破砕された１次破砕物から鉄系金
属を取り出す磁力選別工程と、前記磁力選別工程にて鉄
系金属を取り除いた破砕物を再破砕する２次破砕工程
と、少なくとも１次破砕物または２次破砕物からフイル
ム、発泡スチロールなどの超軽量物とそれ以外のプラス
チック、非鉄系の破砕物とに分離する風力選別工程と、
再破砕された破砕物を銅線と銅合金やアルミニウム合金
および実装プリント基板等の混合物からなる重比重物
と、比重が１．０より大きく概ね１．０５程度の主にス
チレン系樹脂等からなる中比重物と、比重が１．０より
小さいオレフィン系樹脂からなる軽比重物の３種類に選
別する水比重選別工程とを有する再資源化処理方法であ
り、家電製品の場合には、有価価値の高い銅は、モータ
およびコンプレッサー等のコイルや内部配線そして電源
コード等に使用されている銅が大部分を占めるのが一般
的であり、予めモータおよびコンプレッサー等の金属塊
を分別することなく、風力選別工程では超軽量物だけを
分離し、これらのコイルや内部配線、そして電源コード
等に使用している銅線を銅合金やアルミニウム合金およ
び実装プリント基板等との混合破砕物を重比重破砕物と
して回収が可能となる。この結果、銅線およびアルミニ
ウムは重比重破砕物中に高含有率で含まれ、これらを素
材別に高効率で、容易に分離、回収することができる。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention provides a magnetic separation step of extracting an iron-based metal from a primary crushed product crushed in a primary crushing step, and an iron separation in the magnetic separation step. A secondary crushing step of re-crushing the crushed material from which the base metal has been removed, and separating at least the primary crushed material or the secondary crushed material into ultra-lightweight materials such as films and styrofoam and other plastic and non-ferrous crushed materials Wind sorting process
The re-crushed crushed material is made of a mixture of copper wire, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, mounted printed circuit board and the like, and a specific gravity material mainly composed of styrene resin having a specific gravity of more than 1.0 and about 1.05. It is a recycling method that has a medium specific gravity and a water specific gravity separation step of separating into three types of light specific gravity consisting of olefin-based resin whose specific gravity is smaller than 1.0. High copper is generally used for coils such as motors and compressors and copper used for internal wiring and power cords, etc., in general, without separating metal lumps such as motors and compressors in advance. In the wind separation process, only ultra-lightweight objects are separated, and the copper wires used for these coils, internal wiring, power cords, etc. are converted to copper alloys, aluminum alloys, and printed circuit boards. Recovery is possible mixing crushed with a heavy specific gravity crushed. As a result, the copper wire and the aluminum are contained in the crushed material at a high content, and can be easily separated and recovered with high efficiency for each material.
【００２１】請求項２に記載の発明は、１次破砕工程に
て破砕された１次破砕物をプラスチック群と鉄系金属、
非鉄系金属、実装プリント基板等の混合物に分離する１
次風力選別工程と、分離された前記混合物から鉄系金属
を取り出す磁力選別工程と、前記プラスチック群と鉄系
金属を回収した後の非鉄系金属、実装プリント基板等の
混合物を再破砕する２次破砕工程と、少なくとも１次破
砕物または２次破砕物からフイルムおよび発泡スチロー
ル等の超軽量物を除去する２次風力選別工程と、再破砕
された破砕物を銅線と銅合金やアルミニウム合金および
実装プリント基板等の混合物からなる重比重物と、比重
が１．０より大きく概ね１．０５程度の主にスチレン系
樹脂等からなる中比重物と、比重が１．０より小さいオ
レフィン系樹脂からなる軽比重物の３種類に選別する水
比重選別工程とを有する再資源化処理方法であり、予め
銅線を使用している部品を解体し取り出すことなく、こ
れらの銅を高効率に回収することができるとともに、プ
ラスチック群を適度の風力で分離した後の概ね半量とな
った破砕物から確実に鉄系金属を磁力選別工程にて回収
し、２次破砕工程へは破砕工程で破砕機の刃を傷めにく
い硬度の低い非鉄系金属とプラスチック群だけを投入す
ることができる。According to a second aspect of the present invention, the primary crushed product crushed in the primary crushing step is made of a plastic group and an iron-based metal,
Separates into a mixture of non-ferrous metals, printed circuit boards, etc. 1
A secondary wind separation step, a magnetic separation step of extracting an iron-based metal from the separated mixture, and a secondary step of re-crushing the mixture of the non-ferrous metal, the mounted printed circuit board, etc. after collecting the plastic group and the iron-based metal. A crushing step, a secondary wind sorting step for removing at least a super-light material such as a film and styrene foam from the primary crushed material or the secondary crushed material, and mounting the re-crushed crushed material with a copper wire, a copper alloy or an aluminum alloy, A heavy specific gravity composed of a mixture such as a printed circuit board, a medium specific gravity mainly composed of a styrene-based resin having a specific gravity larger than about 1.0 and about 1.05, and an olefin-based resin having a specific gravity smaller than 1.0. This is a recycling method that has a water specific gravity sorting step for sorting into three types of light specific gravity materials. This method enables highly efficient use of copper without dismantling and removing parts using copper wires in advance. In addition to being able to be recovered, the ferrous metal is reliably recovered in the magnetic separation process from the roughly half amount of the crushed material after separating the plastic group by moderate wind power, and crushed in the crushing process to the secondary crushing process Only non-ferrous metals and plastics with low hardness that do not easily damage the blade of the machine can be loaded.
【００２２】請求項３に記載の発明は、上記請求項１ま
たは２に記載の発明において、重比重物を選別した後
に、軽比重物と中比重物あるいは軽比重物だけを水中で
再破砕する水中破砕工程を有する再資源化処理方法であ
り、水中破砕工程では、水比重選別手段に応じて精度よ
くオレフィン系樹脂とスチレン系樹脂を選別するため
に、選別精度上求められる破砕サイズの概ね１０ｍｍま
たは概ね５ｍｍに、熱可塑性樹脂を破砕時の発熱で溶融
させることなく効率よく細破砕でき、さらに使用済み製
品の汚れたプラスチック表面の洗浄効果も得られること
から異物混入の少ない樹脂を回収できる。なお、水中破
砕工程にはプラスチック等の軟質の破砕物だけが送られ
るので、水中破砕工程で使用するプラスチック用破砕機
の刃を傷めないことはいうまでもない。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, after the heavy specific gravity is sorted, only the light specific gravity and the medium specific gravity or only the light specific gravity are recrushed in water. It is a recycling method having an underwater crushing step. In the underwater crushing step, in order to accurately separate the olefin-based resin and the styrene-based resin according to the water specific gravity sorting means, the crushing size required for the sorting accuracy is approximately 10 mm. Alternatively, the thermoplastic resin can be finely crushed to about 5 mm without being melted by the heat generated during crushing, and the effect of washing the dirty plastic surface of the used product can be obtained. Since only soft crushed materials such as plastic are sent to the underwater crushing step, it goes without saying that the blade of the plastic crusher used in the underwater crushing step is not damaged.
【００２３】請求項４に記載の発明は、上記請求項１〜
３に記載の発明において、３種類に選別する水比重選別
工程の次工程に、回収された軽比重物を精査に選別する
第２の水比重選別工程を有する再資源化処理方法であ
り、気泡の付着や撥水性等で、前工程の水比重選別工程
で選別できず、混入した少量の異物を遠心力などをかけ
ることで効率よく選別、除去することができ、より純度
の高い樹脂を回収することができる。The invention described in claim 4 is the above-mentioned claim 1-
3. The recycling method according to claim 3, further comprising a second water-specific-gravity sorting step of selecting the recovered light-specific-gravity substances for close inspection, following the water-specific-gravity sorting step of sorting into three types. Due to the adhesion of water and water repellency, etc., it is not possible to sort in the water specific gravity sorting process in the previous process, and it is possible to efficiently sort and remove small amounts of contaminants by applying centrifugal force etc., recovering higher purity resin can do.
【００２４】請求項５に記載の発明は、上記請求項１〜
４に記載の発明において、水比重選別工程に使用する水
の浮遊物や縣濁物を凝集沈澱する第１の凝集沈澱工程を
有する再資源化処理方法であり、使用済み家電製品の場
合には、たとえば、洗濯機の場合には、泥、繊維屑、人
汚垢、かび、水のスケールなどの様々な汚れが水比重選
別工程に持ち込まれる。これら水比重選別工程に使用す
る水の浮遊物や縣濁物を凝集沈澱することにより、水を
循環させる場合には、回収する樹脂の再汚染防止がで
き、また、排水の場合にもＢＯＤおよびＳＳを大幅に低
くすることができる。The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claims 1 to 5.
4. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method includes a first coagulation sedimentation step of coagulating sedimentation of a suspended matter or suspension of water used in the water specific gravity separation step. For example, in the case of a washing machine, various soils such as mud, fiber waste, human soil, mold, and water scale are brought into the water-specific-gravity sorting process. By coagulating and sedimenting the suspended matter or suspended matter of water used in the water specific gravity separation step, when water is circulated, recontamination of the recovered resin can be prevented. SS can be significantly reduced.
【００２５】請求項６に記載の発明は、上記請求項１〜
４に記載の発明において、水比重選別工程に使用する水
の溶融物質を凝集沈澱する第２の凝集沈澱工程を有する
再資源化処理方法であり、使用済み家電製品の実装プリ
ント基板や電装部品等から水比重選別装置に溶出してく
る重金属も凝集沈澱させることができ、クリーンな水循
環や排水を確保することができる。[0025] The invention described in claim 6 provides the above-mentioned claims 1 to
4. The recycling method according to claim 4, further comprising a second coagulation sedimentation step of coagulating sedimentation of a molten substance of water used in the water specific gravity separation step, the method including a printed circuit board of a used home electric appliance, an electric component, and the like. Heavy metals eluted from the water into the water specific gravity separator can also be coagulated and precipitated, and clean water circulation and drainage can be ensured.
【００２６】請求項７に記載の発明は、上記請求項１〜
６に記載の発明において、水比重選別工程に使用する水
にノニオン系界面活性剤あるいはノニオン系界面活性剤
と消泡剤を配合した再資源化処理方法であり、水比重選
別工程の水の表面張力を下げ、破砕物の水濡れ性をよく
することができ、また、消泡剤を配合することで活性剤
による泡立ちと気泡の付着を防止することができ、水比
重選別精度を向上することができる。The invention described in claim 7 is the above-mentioned claim 1
6. The method according to claim 6, wherein a nonionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant and an antifoaming agent are mixed with water used in the water specific gravity separation step, Reduce the tension, improve the water wettability of the crushed material, and prevent the bubbling and the adhesion of air bubbles by the activator by adding an antifoaming agent, and improve the separation accuracy of water specific gravity Can be.
【００２７】[0027]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例について、図面を参照
しながら説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００２８】（実施例１）図１に示すように、ストック
ヤード１から使用済み洗濯機を搬送工程２にて１次破砕
工程３に搬送し、１次破砕する。概ね５０ｍｍ程度の大
きさの１次破砕物から磁力選別工程４にて鉄を回収す
る。鉄が回収された後の非鉄およびプラスチック群が主
構成物の破砕物は、１次風力選別工程（風力選別工程）
２９ａへ供給される。(Embodiment 1) As shown in FIG. 1, a used washing machine is transported from a stockyard 1 to a primary crushing step 3 in a transporting step 2 to be primary crushed. Iron is recovered from the primary crushed material having a size of about 50 mm in a magnetic separation step 4. The crushed material mainly composed of non-ferrous metals and plastics after the recovery of iron is the primary wind sorting process (wind sorting process)
29a.
【００２９】１次風力選別工程２９ａに使用する風力選
別装置は、図２に示すように、破砕物導入口３０、空気
導入口３１、超軽量物排出口３２、軽、中、重比重破砕
物排出口３３で構成している。破砕物導入口３０から供
給された破砕物に含まれる電解コンデンサー等のフイル
ムや発泡スチロール等（超軽量物）は、空気導入口３１
から超軽量物排出口３２に送られる風力により、超軽量
物排出口３２からサイクロン（図示せず）を経由してダ
ストとして回収される。As shown in FIG. 2, the wind separation device used in the primary wind separation step 29a includes a crushed material inlet 30, an air inlet 31, an ultralight material outlet 32, light, medium, and heavy specific gravity crushed materials. The outlet 33 is formed. The crushed material supplied from the crushed material inlet 30 includes a film such as an electrolytic condenser, styrene foam, or the like (ultralight material).
Is collected from the ultralight discharge port 32 via a cyclone (not shown) by wind power sent to the ultralight discharge port 32.
【００３０】一方、ポリプロピレン樹脂やスチレン系樹
脂などのプラスチック成型品の破砕物（軽比重破砕物、
中比重破砕物）や銅線、アルミ片、実装プリント基板、
塩化ビニル樹脂等（重比重破砕物）は、風力よりも重力
が勝り、軽、中、重比重破砕物排出口３３から排出され
る。On the other hand, crushed products of plastic molded products such as polypropylene resin and styrene resin (crushed products of light specific gravity,
Medium-density crushed material), copper wire, aluminum piece, mounted printed circuit board,
The vinyl chloride resin or the like (crushed material with a high specific gravity) has higher gravity than the wind power, and is discharged from the light, medium, and heavy crushed material discharge port 33.
【００３１】軽、中、重比重破砕物排出口３３から排出
された軽比重破砕物、中比重破砕物や重比重破砕物は、
２次破砕工程３４にて、概ね１０ｍｍ程度の大きさに破
砕する。この状態では、銅線類の絡みも生じない長さに
なっているので、１次風力選別工程２９ａより風力を強
くした２次風力選別工程（風力選別工程）２９ｂにて、
再破砕で生じたコンデンサーフイルム、粉塵等の超軽量
物を再度除去する。Light, medium, and heavy specific gravity crushed material, medium specific gravity crushed material and heavy specific gravity crushed material discharged from the outlet 33 are
In the secondary crushing step 34, crushing is performed to a size of about 10 mm. In this state, the length is such that the copper wires do not become entangled. Therefore, in the secondary wind separation step (wind separation step) 29b in which the wind power is stronger than the primary wind separation step 29a,
Ultra-light materials such as condenser film and dust generated by re-crushing are removed again.
【００３２】その後、水比重選別工程３５にて、銅線と
銅合金やアルミニウム合金および実装プリント基板等の
混合物からなる重比重物と、比重が１．０より大きく概
ね１．０５程度の主にスチレン系樹脂等からなる中比重
物と、比重が１．０より小さいオレフィン系樹脂からな
る軽比重物の３種類に選別する。Then, in a water specific gravity selection step 35, a heavy specific gravity material composed of a mixture of a copper wire and a copper alloy, an aluminum alloy, a mounted printed circuit board, etc., and a specific gravity greater than 1.0 and approximately 1.05 mainly It is classified into three types: a medium specific gravity material composed of a styrene resin or the like and a light specific gravity material composed of an olefin resin having a specific gravity of less than 1.0.
【００３３】水比重選別工程３５に使用する浮沈式の水
比重選別装置は、図３に示すように、重比重物回収用の
第１の槽３６と、中比重物回収用の第２の槽３７および
循環ポンプ３８を介して第１の槽３６へ水を循環させる
水を取り入れる第３の槽３９で構成している。As shown in FIG. 3, the floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity separation apparatus used in the water specific gravity separation step 35 includes a first tank 36 for recovering heavy specific gravity and a second tank 36 for recovering medium specific gravity. It comprises a third tank 39 for taking in water for circulating water to the first tank 36 via a circulation pump 38 and a circulation pump 38.
【００３４】この水比重選別装置に供給された軽、中、
重比重物４０の内、重比重物４１は、循環水の流れに余
り影響されることなく直ちに第１の槽３６に沈降し、底
部に堆積した重比重物は、スクリューコンベアー４２ａ
によって回収される。つぎに、ポリスチレン樹脂やＡＢ
Ｓ樹脂等の比重が１．０より大きく、１．１より小さな
水に沈む中比重物４３は、循環水の流れに影響されなが
ら徐々に第２の槽３７の底部に沈降し、底部に堆積した
中比重物４３は、スクリューコンベアー４２ｂによって
回収される。さらに、ポリプロピレン樹脂やポリエチレ
ン樹脂の様に比重が１より小さく水に浮く軽比重物４４
は、循環水の流れにより徐々に下流側へ移動し、コンベ
アー４５で回収される。The light, medium, and
Among the heavy specific gravity materials 40, the heavy specific gravity material 41 immediately settles in the first tank 36 without being greatly influenced by the flow of the circulating water, and the heavy specific gravity material deposited on the bottom is removed by the screw conveyor 42a.
Will be recovered by Next, polystyrene resin or AB
The medium specific gravity 43 sinking in water having a specific gravity of S resin or the like larger than 1.0 and smaller than 1.1 gradually sinks to the bottom of the second tank 37 while being influenced by the flow of circulating water, and accumulates on the bottom. The medium specific gravity 43 thus collected is recovered by the screw conveyor 42b. Further, a light specific gravity material 44 having a specific gravity smaller than 1 and floating on water, such as a polypropylene resin or a polyethylene resin.
Is gradually moved downstream by the flow of the circulating water and collected by the conveyor 45.
【００３５】この結果、洗濯機のモータや内部配線を事
前に取り出すことなく、破砕後に分離が困難であった銅
線をアルミと一緒に非鉄含有量の高い重比重物として回
収でき、これらを素材別に高効率で、容易に分離、回収
することができる。また、洗濯機の場合では、使用プラ
スチックの内で約８割を占めるポリプロピレン樹脂を分
離回収することができる。As a result, the copper wire which was difficult to separate after crushing can be recovered together with aluminum as a heavy non-ferrous material having a high specific gravity without removing the motor and internal wiring of the washing machine in advance. Separately, it can be easily separated and recovered with high efficiency. In the case of a washing machine, a polypropylene resin which accounts for about 80% of the plastic used can be separated and collected.
【００３６】（実施例２）図４に示すように、ストック
ヤード１から使用済み洗濯機を搬送工程２にて１次破砕
工程３に搬送し、１次破砕する。概ね５０ｍｍ程度の大
きさの１次破砕物は、１次風力選別工程４６ａにて、プ
ラスチック群と鉄系金属、非鉄系金属、実装プリント基
板等の混合物に分離する。(Embodiment 2) As shown in FIG. 4, a used washing machine is transported from a stockyard 1 to a primary crushing step 3 in a transporting step 2 to be primary crushed. The primary crushed material having a size of about 50 mm is separated into a mixture of a plastic group and a ferrous metal, a non-ferrous metal, a mounted printed circuit board, and the like in a primary wind sorting step 46a.
【００３７】この１次風力選別工程４６ａに使用する風
力選別装置４９は、図５に示すように、１次破砕工程３
の排出口４７からコンベアー４８ａを介して１次破砕物
を供給する。風力選別装置４９は、送風ブロアー（図示
せず）の送風口５０と吸引ブロアー（図示せず）の吸引
口５１によりプッシュ、プルの関係としている。As shown in FIG. 5, the wind separation device 49 used in the primary wind separation step 46a includes a primary crushing step 3
The primary crushed material is supplied from a discharge port 47 of the first through a conveyor 48a. The wind separation device 49 has a push-pull relationship with a blower port 50 of a blower blower (not shown) and a suction port 51 of a suction blower (not shown).
【００３８】これにより、１次破砕物の内、鉄、非鉄金
属等の大きく重い物は風力よりも重力の方が勝り、コン
ベアー４８ｂで回収される。また、プラスチック群は風
力で、内径を局部的に大きくした分離部５２へ到達す
る。この分離部５２は前後の配管より内容積が大きく、
重力方向に開放した配管５３を設けている。このため、
風力が低下し、ポリプロピレン樹脂やスチレン系樹脂な
どのプラスチック成型品の破砕物（軽比重物、中比重
物）は風力より重力が勝り、配管５３からコンベアー４
８ｃで回収される。As a result, among the primary crushed materials, large and heavy materials such as iron and non-ferrous metals are more favored by gravity than wind power and are collected by the conveyor 48b. In addition, the plastic group reaches the separation unit 52 whose inner diameter is locally increased by wind power. This separation part 52 has a larger internal volume than the front and rear pipes,
A pipe 53 opened in the direction of gravity is provided. For this reason,
Wind power decreases, and crushed plastic molded products such as polypropylene resin and styrene resin (light specific gravity, medium specific gravity) have higher gravity than wind power, and pipes 53
Collected at 8c.
【００３９】一方、プラスチック群中に含まれていたコ
ンデンサーフイルムや発泡スチロール等の超軽量物は、
分離部５２でも風力が勝り、吸引口５１を介しサイクロ
ン（図示せず）でダストとして回収される。On the other hand, ultra-light materials such as condenser films and styrofoam contained in the plastic group are:
The wind power also prevails in the separation section 52 and is collected as dust by a cyclone (not shown) through the suction port 51.
【００４０】コンベアー４８ｂで回収される鉄、非鉄金
属群は、磁力選別工程４にて鉄を回収し、つづいて、渦
電流選別工程５４にて大きな非鉄を回収する。その後、
残った非鉄金属群は、コンベアー４８ｃのプラスチック
群と併せて、２次破砕工程５５にて２次破砕する。The iron and non-ferrous metal group recovered by the conveyor 48b recovers iron in the magnetic force separation step 4 and subsequently recovers large non-ferrous metals in the eddy current separation step 54. afterwards,
The remaining non-ferrous metal group is secondarily crushed in the second crushing step 55 together with the plastic group of the conveyor 48c.
【００４１】２次破砕物は銅線類の絡みを生じない長さ
となっているので、１次風力選別工程４６ａにおける超
軽量物を除去する風力よりも強くした２次風力選別工程
４６ｂにて、２次破砕時に生じたコンデンサーフイルム
や塵埃等を除去する。Since the secondary crushed material has a length that does not cause the entanglement of the copper wires, in the secondary wind power sorting step 46b, which is stronger than the wind for removing the ultra-lightweight material in the primary wind power sorting step 46a, Removes condenser film, dust, etc. generated during secondary crushing.
【００４２】その後、水比重選別工程３５にて、上記実
施例１と同様に、銅線と銅合金やアルミニウム合金およ
び実装プリント基板等の混合物からなる重比重物と、比
重が１．０より大きく概ね１．０５程度の主にスチレン
系樹脂等からなる中比重物と、比重が１．０より小さい
オレフィン系樹脂からなる軽比重物の３種類に選別す
る。Thereafter, in a water specific gravity selection step 35, as in the first embodiment, a specific gravity of a mixture of a copper wire, a copper alloy, an aluminum alloy, a mounted printed circuit board, and the like, and a specific gravity greater than 1.0. It is classified into three types: a medium specific gravity mainly composed of a styrene-based resin or the like of about 1.05, and a light specific gravity composed of an olefin-based resin having a specific gravity smaller than 1.0.
【００４３】この結果、上記実施例１よりも異物混入の
少ない鉄を回収することができ、さらに価値の高い大き
な非鉄を回収できるだけでなく、洗濯機のモータや内部
配線を事前に取り出すことなく、破砕後に分離が困難で
あった銅線と小さなアルミと一緒に非鉄含有量の高い重
比重物として回収でき、これらを素材別に高効率で、容
易に分離、回収することができる。また、洗濯機の場合
では使用プラスチックの内で約８割を占めるポリプロピ
レン樹脂を分離回収できる。As a result, it is possible to recover iron with less foreign matter contamination than in the first embodiment, and it is possible not only to recover large non-ferrous metals of high value, but also to remove the motor and internal wiring of the washing machine in advance, The copper wire and small aluminum, which were difficult to separate after crushing, can be collected as a heavy non-ferrous material with a high non-ferrous content, and these can be easily separated and recovered for each material with high efficiency. Further, in the case of a washing machine, polypropylene resin, which accounts for about 80% of the plastic used, can be separated and collected.
【００４４】（実施例３）図６に示すように、水中破砕
工程５６は、水比重選別工程３５にて、重比重物を選別
した後に、軽比重物と中比重物あるいは軽比重物だけを
水中で再破砕する工程である。他の処理工程は上記実施
例２と同じである。(Embodiment 3) As shown in FIG. 6, in the underwater crushing step 56, after the heavy specific gravity is selected in the water specific gravity selecting step 35, the light specific substance and the medium specific substance or only the light specific substance are separated. This is the step of re-crushing in water. Other processing steps are the same as those in the second embodiment.
【００４５】この処理工程を実現する装置として、図７
に示すように、水比重選別工程３５に使用する浮沈式の
水比重選別装置５７に、水中破砕工程５６に使用する水
中破砕機５８を配置している。FIG. 7 shows an apparatus for realizing this processing step.
As shown in the figure, a submerged crusher 58 used in the submerged crushing step 56 is arranged in a floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity separator 57 used in the water specific gravity separation step 35.
【００４６】この装置の構成および動作を説明する。な
お、浮沈式の水比重選別装置５７は上記実施例１で説明
したものと同じである。The configuration and operation of this device will be described. The floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity sorting device 57 is the same as that described in the first embodiment.
【００４７】水中破砕機５８はポンプ機能を有し、この
水中破砕機５８を水比重選別装置５７の第１の槽３６の
側面に配置し、第１の槽３６の水を水中破砕機５８の吸
水口５９から吸い込み、水中破砕機５８の破砕室（図示
せず）内を通った水は、第２の槽３７へ吐出口６０を介
し吐出される。第２の槽３７の端部に設けた第３の槽３
９の底部と第１の槽３６とは配管６１で連通させてお
り、前記の供給された吐出水量相当の水が再び第１の槽
３６へ戻ることになる。The submersible crusher 58 has a pump function. The submersible crusher 58 is disposed on the side of the first tank 36 of the water specific gravity separator 57, and the water in the first tank 36 is supplied to the submersible crusher 58. The water sucked in from the water inlet 59 and passed through the crushing chamber (not shown) of the underwater crusher 58 is discharged to the second tank 37 through the discharge port 60. Third tank 3 provided at the end of second tank 37
The bottom of 9 and the first tank 36 are communicated with each other by a pipe 61, and the water equivalent to the supplied discharge water amount returns to the first tank 36 again.
【００４８】この構成において、上記実施例１と実施例
２で示した概ね１０ｍｍ程度の大きさの軽、中、重比重
物４０が第１の槽３６へ供給されると、モータや内部配
線の銅線類とアルミ等の非鉄金属と実装プリント基板等
の重比重物４１が第１の槽３６の底部に沈降し、スクリ
ューコンベアー４２ａにより回収される。In this configuration, when the light, medium, and heavy materials 40 having a size of about 10 mm as shown in the first and second embodiments are supplied to the first tank 36, the motor and the internal wiring are removed. Copper wires, non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, and heavy and heavy materials 41 such as printed circuit boards settle at the bottom of the first tank 36 and are collected by the screw conveyor 42a.
【００４９】一方、比重が０．９から１．１程度の軽、
中比重物は吸水口５９から吸い込まれ、水中破砕機５８
により概ね５ｍｍ程度に細破砕されて第１の槽３６の水
と一緒に吐出口６０から第２の槽３７へ吐出される。吐
出された軽、中比重物の内、比重が１．０より大きなス
チレン系樹脂等の中比重物は水の流れに流されながら第
２の槽３７の底部へ沈降し、スクリューコンベアー４２
ｂにより回収される。On the other hand, a light having a specific gravity of about 0.9 to 1.1,
The medium specific gravity is sucked through the water suction port 59, and is crushed by the underwater crusher 58.
And is crushed to about 5 mm, and is discharged from the discharge port 60 to the second tank 37 together with the water in the first tank 36. Among the discharged light and medium specific gravity substances, medium specific gravity substances such as styrene resin having a specific gravity of more than 1.0 settle to the bottom of the second tank 37 while flowing in the flow of water, and the screw conveyor 42
b.
【００５０】さらに比重が概ね０．９程度のポリプロピ
レン樹脂とポリエチレン樹脂は第２の槽３７の水面に浮
遊しながら流され、コンベアー４５により回収される。Further, a polypropylene resin and a polyethylene resin having a specific gravity of about 0.9 are flowed while floating on the water surface of the second tank 37 and collected by the conveyor 45.
【００５１】このように、洗濯機のモータや内部配線を
事前に取り出すことなく、破砕後に分離が困難であった
銅線と小さなアルミと一緒に非鉄含有量の高い重比重物
として回収でき、これらを素材別に高効率で、容易に分
離、回収することができる。さらに、樹脂は水中破砕機
５８で細破砕するので、選別精度の向上とプラスチック
表面の洗浄効果も得られ、洗濯機の場合では使用プラス
チックの内で約８割を占めるポリプロピレン樹脂につい
てペレット化しなくても成型可能な樹脂片として分離回
収することができる。As described above, without removing the motor and the internal wiring of the washing machine in advance, it is possible to recover the copper and the small aluminum, which were difficult to separate after crushing, together with the high specific gravity material having a high non-ferrous content. Can be easily separated and recovered for each material with high efficiency. Further, since the resin is finely crushed by the underwater crusher 58, the sorting accuracy is improved and the effect of washing the plastic surface is obtained. In the case of the washing machine, the polypropylene resin which accounts for about 80% of the plastic used is not pelletized. Can also be separated and collected as a moldable resin piece.
【００５２】（実施例４）図８に示すように、第２の水
比重選別工程６２は、３種類に選別する水比重選別工程
３５の次工程に設け、回収された軽比重物を精査に選別
する工程である。他の処理工程は上記実施例３と同じで
ある。(Embodiment 4) As shown in FIG. 8, a second water-specific-gravity selecting step 62 is provided in the next step of the water-specific-gravity selecting step 35 for selecting into three types, and the collected light specific gravity is subjected to close inspection. This is the step of sorting. Other processing steps are the same as in the third embodiment.
【００５３】この処理工程を実現する装置として、図９
に示すように、水比重選別工程３５に使用する浮沈式の
水比重選別装置５７に、水中で再破砕する水中破砕機５
８を介して、第２の水比重選別工程６２に使用するハイ
ドロサイクロン６３を設けている。FIG. 9 shows an apparatus for realizing this processing step.
As shown in the figure, an underwater crusher 5 for re-crushing in water is installed in a floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity separation device 57 used in the water specific gravity separation process 35.
8, a hydrocyclone 63 used for the second water specific gravity separation step 62 is provided.
【００５４】この装置の構成および動作を説明する。な
お、浮沈式の水比重選別装置５７は上記実施例１で説明
したものと同じである。The configuration and operation of this device will be described. The floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity sorting device 57 is the same as that described in the first embodiment.
【００５５】上記実施例１と実施例２で示した軽、中、
重比重物（図示せず）が圧送配管６４から風力選別装置
６５へ送り込まれる。この風力選別装置６５は図２に示
したものと同じである。風力選別装置６５で除去できな
かったコンデンサーフイルムや塵埃等の超軽量物は、風
力により上部に設けた配管６６からサイクロン（図示せ
ず）を経由してダストとして回収される。The light, medium, and
Heavy specific gravity (not shown) is sent from the pressure feed pipe 64 to the wind separation device 65. This wind separation device 65 is the same as that shown in FIG. Ultra-light objects such as condenser film and dust that could not be removed by the wind separation device 65 are collected as dust via a cyclone (not shown) from a pipe 66 provided at an upper portion by wind power.
【００５６】一方、前工程の２次破砕工程５５で概ね１
０ｍｍの大きさにした軽、中、重比重物は、水比重選別
装置５７の第１の槽３６へ供給されると、モータや内部
配線の銅線類とアルミ等の非鉄金属と実装プリント基板
等の重比重物４１が第１の槽３６の底部に沈降し、スク
リューコンベアー４２ａにより回収される。On the other hand, in the secondary crushing step 55 in the preceding step, approximately 1
When the light, medium, and heavy specific gravity materials having a size of 0 mm are supplied to the first tank 36 of the water specific gravity separation device 57, the motor and the copper wires of the internal wiring, the non-ferrous metal such as aluminum, and the printed circuit board are mounted. And the like specific gravity material 41 settles at the bottom of the first tank 36 and is collected by the screw conveyor 42a.
【００５７】比重が１．０より大きなスチレン系樹脂等
の中比重物は、水の流れに流されながら第２の槽３７の
底部へ沈降し、スクリューコンベアー４２ｂにより回収
される。さらに、比重が概ね０．９程度のポリプロピレ
ン樹脂とポリエチレン樹脂に一部の気泡の付着した異
物、撥水性の異物の混入したものが、第２の槽３７の水
面に浮遊しながら流され、第３の槽３９からポンプ機能
を有する水中破砕機５８に吸い込まれる。The medium specific gravity material such as styrene resin having a specific gravity of more than 1.0 settles to the bottom of the second tank 37 while flowing in the flow of water, and is collected by the screw conveyor 42b. Further, a mixture of a polypropylene resin and a polyethylene resin having a specific gravity of about 0.9 and foreign matter having some air bubbles attached thereto and water-repellent foreign matter is flowed while floating on the water surface of the second tank 37. The water is sucked into the underwater crusher 58 having a pump function from the third tank 39.
【００５８】水中破砕機５８により概ね５ｍｍ程度に細
破砕された細破砕物は、ハイドロサイクロン６３の給水
口６７から供給され、サイクロン原理により力が加わ
り、本来比重が１．０より大きな異物はハイドロサイク
ロン６３の下部より排出されて網式コンベアー６８ａで
回収され、比重が概ね０．９程度のオレフィン系樹脂
（ポリプロピレン樹脂とポリエチレン樹脂）４４は誘導
管６９を介して、上部配管から網式コンベアー６８ｂに
排出され回収される。The finely crushed material roughly crushed to about 5 mm by the underwater crusher 58 is supplied from the water supply port 67 of the hydrocyclone 63, and a force is applied by the cyclone principle. The olefinic resin (polypropylene resin and polyethylene resin) 44 having a specific gravity of about 0.9 is discharged from the lower part of the cyclone 63 and collected by the mesh type conveyor 68a. It is discharged and collected.
【００５９】ハイドロサイクロン６３から排出された水
は貯水槽７０からポンプ３８を介して、水比重選別装置
５７の第１の槽３６へ排出口７１から循環される。The water discharged from the hydrocyclone 63 is circulated from the water storage tank 70 via the pump 38 to the first tank 36 of the water specific gravity sorting device 57 from the discharge port 71.
【００６０】この結果、洗濯機のモータや内部配線を事
前に取り出すことなく、破砕後に分離が困難であった銅
線と小さなアルミと一緒に非鉄含有量の高い重比重物と
して回収でき、これらを素材別に高効率で、容易に分
離、回収することができる。As a result, without removing the motor and the internal wiring of the washing machine in advance, the copper wire and small aluminum, which were difficult to separate after crushing, can be collected together with the small aluminum with a heavy non-ferrous material having a high specific gravity. It can be easily separated and collected for each material with high efficiency.
【００６１】さらに、本発明は比重差だけを利用する浮
沈式の水比重選別装置５７で比重１．０より大きな大部
分の材料を１次選別し、本来、マテリアルリサイクルを
目的に回収するオレフィン樹脂群だけを水中破砕機５８
で細破砕とプラスチック表面の洗浄を行い、樹脂量と水
量の比を大きくした構成としているので、ハイドロサイ
クロン６３の選別精度が向上し、上記実施例３よりもさ
らに異物混入が少ない、ペレット化しなくても成型可能
ポリプロピレン樹脂を回収することができる。Further, according to the present invention, most of the materials having a specific gravity of more than 1.0 are primarily sorted by a floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity sorter 57 utilizing only a specific gravity difference, and an olefin resin originally collected for the purpose of material recycling. Underwater crusher 58
By performing fine crushing and washing of the plastic surface by using a configuration in which the ratio between the resin amount and the water amount is increased, the sorting accuracy of the hydrocyclone 63 is improved. Thus, the moldable polypropylene resin can be recovered.
【００６２】（実施例５）図８に示す第２の水比重選別
工程６２を実現する装置として、上記実施例４のハイド
ロサイクロン６３に代えて、図１０に示すように、遠心
式の水比重選別装置７２を使用する。(Embodiment 5) A centrifugal water specific gravity as shown in FIG. 10 is used instead of the hydrocyclone 63 of the embodiment 4 as an apparatus for realizing the second water specific gravity separation step 62 shown in FIG. A sorting device 72 is used.
【００６３】この装置の構成および動作を説明する。上
記実施例４で示したように、浮沈式の水比重選別装置５
７で選別した比重が概ね０．９程度のポリプロピレン樹
脂とポリエチレン樹脂に一部の気泡の付着した異物、撥
水性の異物の混入したものが循環水とともに、原料供給
管７３から２０００ｒｐｍで回転する回転胴体７４内に
供給される。循環水は回転胴体７４内で遠心力により略
円筒形状に形成され、供給された原料には８００ｇ程度
の遠心力が加わる。The configuration and operation of this device will be described. As shown in the fourth embodiment, the floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity separation device 5
A mixture of the polypropylene resin and the polyethylene resin having a specific gravity of about 0.9 selected in step 7, foreign matter having some air bubbles attached thereto, and water-repellent foreign matter mixed together with the circulating water rotates from the raw material supply pipe 73 at 2000 rpm. It is supplied into the body 74. The circulating water is formed into a substantially cylindrical shape by the centrifugal force in the rotating body 74, and a centrifugal force of about 800 g is applied to the supplied raw material.
【００６４】このとき、比重が１．０よりも小さい軽量
物は回転胴体７４の回転軸側に浮き、回転胴体７４より
も数１０回転回転数が上回る軽量物スクリューコンベア
ー７５により搬送され、かつ脱水された軽量物が軽量物
排出口７６から排出回収される。一方、比重が１．０よ
りも大きな異物は、回転胴体７４の胴壁に押しつけら
れ、回転胴体７４よりも数１０回転回転数が上回る重量
物スクリューコンベアー７７により搬送され、かつ脱水
された重量物が重量物排出口７８から排出回収される。
また、循環水は水位調整弁７９より排水口８０を経由し
て、浮沈式の水比重選別装置５７へポンプアップされ
る。At this time, the light-weight object having a specific gravity smaller than 1.0 floats on the rotating shaft side of the rotating body 74, is conveyed by the light-weight screw conveyor 75 whose rotation speed is several tens of revolutions higher than the rotating body 74, and is dewatered. The light-weight material is discharged and collected from the light-weight discharge port 76. On the other hand, the foreign matter having a specific gravity larger than 1.0 is pressed against the body wall of the rotating body 74, and is conveyed by the heavy screw conveyor 77 whose rotation speed is higher than the rotating body 74 by several tens of rotations, and is dewatered. Is discharged and recovered from the heavy material discharge port 78.
Further, the circulating water is pumped up from a water level adjusting valve 79 via a drain port 80 to a floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity separator 57.
【００６５】この結果、上記実施例４の効果に加え、強
力な遠心力で異物の形状、表面性状等で分離が困難であ
った異物でも、真比重が１．０を越えていれば分離除去
でき、マテリアルリサイクル可能なポリプロピレン樹脂
を回収できる。さらに、浮沈式の水比重選別装置５７を
１段目の水比重選別装置とすることで、原料の少量化が
図れ、コンパクトな遠心式の水比重選別装置で処理する
ことができる。As a result, in addition to the effect of the fourth embodiment, even if the foreign matter was difficult to separate due to the strong centrifugal force due to the shape and surface properties of the foreign matter, if the true specific gravity exceeded 1.0, it was separated and removed. It is possible to collect polypropylene resin that can be recycled. Furthermore, by using the floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity separator 57 as the first-stage water specific gravity separator, the amount of raw materials can be reduced, and processing can be performed with a compact centrifugal water specific gravity separator.
【００６６】（実施例６）図１１に示すように、水比重
選別工程３５ａは、３種類に選別する水比重選別工程３
５、またはこの水比重選別行程３５の次工程に設けた第
２の水比重選別工程６２を含むものであり、この水比重
選別工程３５ａより排出された水をポンプ３８ａ、３８
ｂにより流量計８１を介して循環経路８２を循環させ
る。(Example 6) As shown in FIG. 11, the water specific gravity selection step 35a is a water specific gravity selection step
5 or a second water-specific-gravity selecting step 62 provided in the next step of the water-specific-gravity selecting step 35. The water discharged from the water-specific-gravity selecting step 35a is supplied to pumps 38a, 38
The circulation path 82 is circulated through the flow meter 81 by b.
【００６７】第１の凝集沈澱工程８３は、反応工程８４
とともに、循環経路８２を循環させる水の浮遊物や縣濁
物を凝集沈澱する工程で、反応工程８４には凝集剤注入
定量ポンプ８５を介して凝集剤槽８６から凝集剤が供給
される。The first coagulation / precipitation step 83 comprises a reaction step 84
At the same time, a flocculant is supplied from a flocculant tank 86 to the reaction step 84 via a flocculant injection metering pump 85 in a step of flocculating and suspending suspended or suspended water in the circulation path 82.
【００６８】第１の凝集沈澱工程８３における槽の水面
高さは、反応工程８４での槽の水面高さより低くなるよ
うに各槽を配置しており、反応工程８４で生成したフロ
ック（凝集物）は循環水とともに穏やかに第１の凝集沈
澱工程８３へ流れ、フロックは第１の凝集沈澱工程８３
における槽の底部に沈降堆積し、スラッヂ８７として排
出される。浄化された循環水はポンプ３８ｂにより水比
重選別工程３５ａへポンプアップされる。The tanks are arranged so that the water level of the tank in the first coagulation / sedimentation step 83 is lower than the water level of the tank in the reaction step 84. ) Flows gently with the circulating water to the first coagulation / sedimentation step 83,
Settles and accumulates on the bottom of the tank, and is discharged as sludge 87. The purified circulating water is pumped up by a pump 38b to a water specific gravity sorting step 35a.
【００６９】使用済み洗濯機のような廃家電製品を破砕
したときには、泥、繊維屑、人汚垢、かび等の汚れや破
砕により生ずる金属微粒子が水比重選別工程３５ａの循
環水を汚染するが、第１の凝集沈澱工程８３を循環経路
８２に設けることで、浄化した水で選別でき、環境改善
が図れるとともに、再資源化物の汚れを防止することが
できる。When crushing waste home appliances such as used washing machines, dirt such as mud, fiber debris, human soil, and mold, and metal fine particles generated by crushing contaminate the circulating water in the water specific gravity sorting step 35a. By providing the first coagulation / sedimentation step 83 in the circulation path 82, it is possible to sort with purified water, to improve the environment, and to prevent contamination of the recycle material.
【００７０】なお、本実施例では、循環経路８２に第１
の凝集沈澱工程８３を設けているが、浮沈式の水比重選
別工程３５が最も水が汚れるので、第１の凝集沈澱工程
８３を浮沈式の水比重選別装置３５に別回路として循環
経路と並列に設けてもよく、また、逐次排水する場合に
は排水経路に第１の凝集沈澱工程８３を設けることによ
って、相当の効果が得られることはいうまでもない。In the present embodiment, the first path is
However, since the water is most contaminated in the floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity selection step 35, the first coagulation / sedimentation step 83 is provided in the floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity separation device 35 as a separate circuit in parallel with the circulation path. It is needless to say that a considerable effect can be obtained by providing the first coagulation / sedimentation step 83 in the drainage path in the case of successive drainage.
【００７１】（実施例７）図１２に示すように、水比重
選別工程３５ａは、上記実施例６と同様に、３種類に選
別する水比重選別工程３５、またはこの水比重選別行程
３５の次工程に設けた第２の水比重選別工程６２を含む
ものであり、この水比重選別工程３５ａより排出された
水をポンプ３８ａ、３８ｂにより流量計８１を介して循
環経路８２を循環させる。(Embodiment 7) As shown in FIG. 12, the water-specific-gravity sorting step 35a is carried out in the water-specific-gravity sorting step 35 for sorting into three types, as in the case of the above-described embodiment 6, or the water-specific-gravity sorting step 35. The process includes a second water specific gravity sorting process 62 provided in the process, and the water discharged from the water specific gravity sorting process 35a is circulated through a circulation path 82 via a flow meter 81 by pumps 38a and 38b.
【００７２】第２の凝集沈澱工程８８は、反応工程８９
とともに、循環経路８２を循環させる水の溶融物質を凝
集沈澱する工程で、反応工程８９には苛性ソーダ注入定
量ポンプ９０を介して苛性ソーダ液槽９１から循環水の
ｐＨが常時概ねｐＨ１０になるよう供給され、併せて凝
集剤注入定量ポンプ８５を介して凝集剤槽８６から凝集
剤が供給される。The second coagulation / precipitation step 88 includes a reaction step 89
At the same time, in the step of coagulating and precipitating the molten substance of the water circulating in the circulation path 82, the reaction step 89 is supplied from a caustic soda tank 91 via a caustic soda injection metering pump 90 so that the pH of the circulating water is always approximately pH 10. The coagulant is supplied from the coagulant tank 86 via the coagulant injection metering pump 85.
【００７３】第２の凝集沈澱工程８８における槽の水面
高さは、反応工程８９での槽の水面高さより低くなるよ
うに各槽を配置しており、反応工程８９で生成したフロ
ック（凝集物）は循環水とともに穏やかに第２の凝集沈
澱工程８８へ流れ、フロックは第２の凝集沈澱工程８８
における槽の底部に沈降堆積し、スラッヂ９２として排
出される。浄化された循環水はポンプ３８ｂにより水比
重選別工程３５ａへポンプアップされる。The tanks in the second coagulation / sedimentation step 88 are arranged such that the water level of the tank is lower than the water level of the tank in the reaction step 89. ) Flows gently with the circulating water to the second flocculation and precipitation step 88,
Settles and accumulates on the bottom of the tank, and is discharged as sludge 92. The purified circulating water is pumped up by a pump 38b to a water specific gravity sorting step 35a.
【００７４】半田の鉛などの重金属はｐＨ１０では殆ど
溶解しないため、第２の凝集沈澱工程８８を設けること
により、重金属、ＳＳ、ＢＯＤが低くなり、下水への排
水も可能となる。また、高レベルの浄化した水で選別で
き、環境改善が図れるとともに再資源化物の再汚染防止
となる。Since heavy metals such as lead in the solder hardly dissolve at pH 10, by providing the second coagulation precipitation step 88, the heavy metals, SS and BOD are reduced, and drainage to sewage becomes possible. In addition, it is possible to sort with high-level purified water, thereby improving the environment and preventing re-contamination of recycled materials.
【００７５】なお、本実施例では、循環経路８２に第２
の凝集沈澱工程８８を設けているが、浮沈式の水比重選
別工程３５が最も水が汚れるので、第２の凝集沈澱工程
８８を浮沈式の水比重選別装置３５に別回路として循環
経路と並列に設けてもよく、また、逐次排水する場合に
は排水経路に第１の凝集沈澱工程８３を設けることによ
って、相当の効果が得られることはいうまでもない。In this embodiment, the circulation path 82 is
However, since the water is most contaminated in the floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity separation step 35, the second coagulation / sedimentation step 88 is provided as a separate circuit in the floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity separation device 35 in parallel with the circulation path. It is needless to say that a considerable effect can be obtained by providing the first coagulation / sedimentation step 83 in the drainage path in the case of successive drainage.
【００７６】また、苛性ソーダ投入装置に代わり、高分
子ポリマーのキレート剤投入装置を同様に設けても、同
等以上の効果が得られる。Even if a high-molecular polymer chelating agent charging device is similarly provided instead of the caustic soda charging device, the same or better effects can be obtained.
【００７７】（実施例８）上記各実施例の水比重選別工
程に使用する水に、ノニオン系界面活性剤あるいはノニ
オン系界面活性剤と消泡剤を配合し、選別する物の水濡
れ性をよくするようにしている。(Embodiment 8) A nonionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant and an antifoaming agent are mixed with water used in the water specific gravity sorting step in each of the above embodiments, and the water wettability of the material to be sorted is determined. I try to do better.
【００７８】水比重選別の原理は、使用する水の比重よ
り大きいか（沈む）、小さいか（浮く）で分離するもの
であり、循環水にノニオン系界面活性剤を加えることで
物質の表面性状の影響を小さくでき、選別精度を向上す
ることができる。また、ノニオン系界面活性剤は、界面
活性剤の中でも泡立ちの少ないものであるが、泡立ちは
選別物への気泡付着の原因となり、選別精度を悪くする
ことから、自己乳化型シリコン系消泡剤を併せて添加す
ることで、界面活性剤の泡立ちを抑制することができ
る。The principle of water specific gravity separation is to separate the water according to whether it is larger (sinks) or smaller (floats) than the specific gravity of the water to be used. By adding a nonionic surfactant to the circulating water, the surface properties of the substance are determined. Can be reduced, and the sorting accuracy can be improved. In addition, nonionic surfactants are among the least active among the surfactants, but foaming causes bubbles to adhere to the sorted material, and reduces the sorting accuracy. By adding together, foaming of the surfactant can be suppressed.
【００７９】[0079]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明の請求項１に記載の
発明によれば、１次破砕工程にて破砕された１次破砕物
から鉄系金属を取り出す磁力選別工程と、前記磁力選別
工程にて鉄系金属を取り除いた破砕物を再破砕する２次
破砕工程と、少なくとも１次破砕物または２次破砕物か
らフイルム、発泡スチロールなどの超軽量物とそれ以外
のプラスチック、非鉄系の破砕物とに分離する風力選別
工程と、再破砕された破砕物を銅線と銅合金やアルミニ
ウム合金および実装プリント基板等の混合物からなる重
比重物と、比重が１．０より大きく概ね１．０５程度の
主にスチレン系樹脂等からなる中比重物と、比重が１．
０より小さいオレフィン系樹脂からなる軽比重物の３種
類に選別する水比重選別工程とを有するから、破砕後に
分離回収が困難であった廃家電製品に使用されているモ
ータやコンプレッサーや内部配線の銅線類を、事前に製
品を解体し部品を取り出すことなく、銅線類とアルミと
一緒に非鉄含有量の高い重比重物として回収でき、これ
らを素材別に高効率で、容易に分離、回収することがで
きる。また、洗濯機の場合では、使用プラスチックの内
で約８割を占めるポリプロピレン樹脂を分離回収でき
る。As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a magnetic force sorting step of extracting an iron-based metal from the primary crushed material crushed in the primary crushing process, and the magnetic force sorting. A secondary crushing step of refracturing the crushed material from which the ferrous metal has been removed in the process, and crushing of at least the primary crushed material or the secondary crushed material such as film, styrofoam and other ultra-lightweight materials and other plastics and non-ferrous materials A wind separation step of separating the crushed material into a heavy specific gravity material composed of a mixture of a copper wire, a copper alloy, an aluminum alloy, a mounted printed circuit board, and the like; Medium specific gravity mainly composed of styrene resin, etc., and a specific gravity of 1.
It has a water-specific gravity sorting process that sorts into three types of light specific gravity materials composed of olefinic resins smaller than 0. Therefore, motors, compressors and internal wiring used for waste home appliances that were difficult to separate and recover after crushing Copper wires can be collected together with copper wires and aluminum as heavy non-ferrous materials with high non-ferrous content without having to disassemble the product and remove parts beforehand. can do. In the case of a washing machine, a polypropylene resin, which accounts for about 80% of the plastic used, can be separated and collected.
【００８０】また、請求項２に記載の発明によれば、１
次破砕工程にて破砕された１次破砕物をプラスチック群
と鉄系金属、非鉄系金属、実装プリント基板等の混合物
に分離する１次風力選別工程と、分離された前記混合物
から鉄系金属を取り出す磁力選別工程と、前記プラスチ
ック群と鉄系金属を回収した後の非鉄系金属、実装プリ
ント基板等の混合物を再破砕する２次破砕工程と、少な
くとも１次破砕物または２次破砕物からフイルムおよび
発泡スチロール等の超軽量物を除去する２次風力選別工
程と、再破砕された破砕物を銅線と銅合金やアルミニウ
ム合金および実装プリント基板等の混合物からなる重比
重物と、比重が１．０より大きく概ね１．０５程度の主
にスチレン系樹脂等からなる中比重物と、比重が１．０
より小さいオレフィン系樹脂からなる軽比重物の３種類
に選別する水比重選別工程とを有するから、１次破砕
後、風力で概ね鉄、非鉄金属群としてから磁力選別で鉄
回収を行っているので、異物混入の少ない鉄が回収で
き、また、渦電流選別装置で価値の高い大きな非鉄を回
収できる。さらに、請求項１と同様に、破砕後に分離回
収が困難であった廃家電製品に使用されているモータや
コンプレッサーや内部配線の銅線類を、事前に製品を解
体し部品を取り出すことなく、銅線類と渦電流選別装置
で回収できなかった小さなアルミも一緒に非鉄含有量の
高い重比重物として回収でき、これらを素材別に高効率
で、容易に分離、回収することができる。また、洗濯機
の場合では、使用プラスチックの内で約８割を占めるポ
リプロピレン樹脂を分離回収できる。According to the second aspect of the present invention, 1
A primary air separation step of separating the primary crushed material crushed in the next crushing step into a mixture of a plastic group and a ferrous metal, a non-ferrous metal, a mounted printed circuit board, and the like, and a ferrous metal from the separated mixture. A magnetic force sorting step for taking out, a secondary crushing step for refracturing a mixture of the non-ferrous metal and the mounted printed circuit board after collecting the plastic group and the ferrous metal, and a film from at least the primary crushed substance or the secondary crushed substance. And a secondary wind separation step for removing ultra-light materials such as styrene foam, and a refraction-crushed material having a specific gravity of 1.80, which is a mixture of a copper wire, a copper alloy, an aluminum alloy, and a mounted printed circuit board. Medium specific gravity mainly composed of a styrene resin or the like, which is larger than 0 and approximately 1.05;
Since it has a water specific gravity sorting step of sorting into three types of light specific gravity composed of smaller olefin-based resin, after primary crushing, iron is recovered by magnetic force sorting from roughly iron and non-ferrous metal groups by wind power In addition, it is possible to recover iron with less foreign matter, and also to recover large non-ferrous metals of high value by using an eddy current screening device. Furthermore, similar to claim 1, the motors, compressors and copper wires of the internal wiring used in the waste home appliances, which were difficult to separate and collect after crushing, were not dismantled in advance, and the parts were not taken out. Copper wires and small aluminum that could not be recovered by the eddy current sorter can be recovered together as heavy non-ferrous materials with high specific gravity, and these can be easily separated and recovered for each material with high efficiency. In the case of a washing machine, a polypropylene resin, which accounts for about 80% of the plastic used, can be separated and collected.
【００８１】また、請求項３に記載の発明によれば、重
比重物を選別した後に、軽比重物と中比重物あるいは軽
比重物だけを水中で再破砕する水中破砕工程を有するか
ら、プラスチックを水中破砕工程で細破砕するので、選
別精度の向上とプラスチック表面の洗浄効果も得られ、
洗濯機の場合では、使用プラスチックの内で約８割を占
めるポリプロピレン樹脂について、ペレット化しなくて
も成型可能な樹脂片として分離回収することができる。According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an underwater crushing step of re-crushing a light specific gravity substance, a medium specific gravity substance, or only a light specific gravity substance in water after selecting a heavy specific gravity substance. Is finely crushed in the underwater crushing process, so that the sorting accuracy can be improved and the plastic surface can be washed effectively.
In the case of a washing machine, the polypropylene resin occupying about 80% of the plastic used can be separated and collected as a moldable resin piece without pelletizing.
【００８２】また、請求項４に記載の発明によれば、３
種類に選別する水比重選別工程の次工程に、回収された
軽比重物を精査に選別する第２の水比重選別工程を有す
るから、比重差だけを利用する浮沈式の水比重選別工程
で、比重１．０より大きな大部分の材料を１次選別し、
本来マテリアルリサイクルを目的に回収するオレフィン
樹脂群だけを水中破砕工程で細破砕とプラスチック表面
の洗浄を行い、樹脂量と水量の比を大きくしているの
で、第２の水比重選別工程の選別精度を向上することが
でき、さらに異物混入が少ない、ペレット化しなくても
成型可能ポリプロピレン樹脂を回収することができる。
また、遠心式の水比重選別装置を第２の水比重選別工程
に使用した場合は、選別物にハイドロサイクロンよりも
一桁から二桁上の遠心力をかけることができ、より異物
混入の少ない樹脂を回収できるとともに、高速回転する
遠心式の水比重選別装置をコンパクト化し、装置の信頼
性を向上することができる。According to the invention described in claim 4, 3
In the next step of the water specific gravity sorting step to sort by type, since there is a second water specific gravity sorting step to sort the collected light specific substances for close inspection, in the floating / sedimentation type water specific gravity sorting step using only the specific gravity difference, Primary sorting of most materials with a specific gravity of more than 1.0,
Only the olefin resin group originally collected for the purpose of material recycling is finely crushed in the underwater crushing process and the plastic surface is washed to increase the ratio of resin amount to water amount, so the sorting accuracy of the second water specific gravity sorting process Can be improved, and the moldable polypropylene resin can be collected without pelleting and without molding.
In addition, when the centrifugal water-specific-gravity sorting device is used in the second water-specific-gravity sorting process, centrifugal force one to two orders higher than that of the hydrocyclone can be applied to the sorted product, so that there is less foreign matter contamination. The resin can be recovered, and the centrifugal water-specific gravity separator that rotates at a high speed can be made compact to improve the reliability of the device.
【００８３】また、請求項５に記載の発明によれば、水
比重選別工程に使用する水の浮遊物や縣濁物を凝集沈澱
する第１の凝集沈澱工程を有するから、使用済み洗濯機
のような廃家電製品を破砕したときには、泥、繊維屑、
人汚垢、かび等の汚れや破砕により生ずる金属微粒子が
水比重選別工程の循環水を汚染するが、第１の凝集沈澱
工程を循環水経路に設けることで浄化した水で選別で
き、環境改善が図れるとともに、再資源化物の再汚染を
防止できる。また、排水の場合にもＢＯＤおよびＳＳを
大幅に低くすることができる。According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first coagulating sedimentation step for coagulating and sedimenting suspended matters and suspended matters of water used in the water specific gravity sorting step. When such household appliances are crushed, mud, fiber waste,
Metal particles generated by soiling or crushing of human soil, mold, etc., contaminate the circulating water in the water specific gravity selection process, but can be separated with purified water by providing the first coagulation and sedimentation process in the circulating water route, thus improving the environment. And re-contamination of the recyclables can be prevented. Also, in the case of drainage, BOD and SS can be significantly reduced.
【００８４】また、請求項６に記載の発明によれば、水
比重選別工程に使用する水の溶融物質を凝集沈澱する第
２の凝集沈澱工程を有するから、多くの廃家電製品で使
用されている半田の鉛などの重金属はｐＨ１０ではほと
んど溶解しないため、第２の凝集沈澱工程を設けること
により、重金属、ＳＳ、ＢＯＤが低くなり、下水への排
水も可能となる。また、高レベルの浄化した水で選別で
き、環境改善が図れるとともに、再資源化物の再汚染を
防止できる。According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a second coagulation sedimentation step for coagulating and sedimenting a molten substance of water used in the water specific gravity separation step, so that it is used in many waste home appliances. Since heavy metals such as lead in solder are hardly dissolved at pH 10, by providing the second coagulation precipitation step, heavy metals, SS and BOD are reduced, and drainage to sewage becomes possible. In addition, sorting can be performed with high-level purified water, thereby improving the environment and preventing re-contamination of recyclables.
【００８５】また、請求項７に記載の発明によれば、水
比重選別工程に使用する水にノニオン系界面活性剤ある
いはノニオン系界面活性剤と消泡剤を配合したから、水
比重選別工程の水の表面張力を下げ、破砕物の水濡れ性
をよくすることができ、また、消泡剤を配合することで
活性剤による泡立ちと気泡の付着を防止することがで
き、水比重選別精度を向上することができる。According to the invention of claim 7, since a nonionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant and an antifoaming agent are blended in the water used in the water specific gravity separation step, The surface tension of water can be lowered to improve the wettability of the crushed material.Furthermore, by adding an antifoaming agent, foaming and adhesion of air bubbles due to the activator can be prevented. Can be improved.
【図１】本発明の第１の実施例の廃家電製品の再資源化
処理方法の工程フローチャートFIG. 1 is a process flowchart of a method for recycling used household electrical appliances according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】同廃家電製品の再資源化処理方法に使用する風
力選別装置の断面図FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a wind separation device used in the method for recycling used home appliances.
【図３】同廃家電製品の再資源化処理方法に使用する浮
沈式の水比重選別装置の断面図FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a floating / sedimentation type water-specific gravity separator used in the method for recycling used household electrical appliances.
【図４】本発明の第２の実施例の廃家電製品の再資源化
処理方法の工程フローチャートFIG. 4 is a process flowchart of a method for recycling used household electrical appliances according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
【図５】同廃家電製品の再資源化処理方法に使用する風
力選別装置の一部切欠した側面図FIG. 5 is a partially cut-away side view of a wind separation device used in the method of recycling used household electrical appliances.
【図６】本発明の第３の実施例の廃家電製品の再資源化
処理方法の工程フローチャートFIG. 6 is a process flowchart of a method for recycling used household electrical appliances according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】同廃家電製品の再資源化処理方法に使用する水
比重選別装置の断面図FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a water-specific-gravity sorting device used in the method for recycling used household electrical appliances.
【図８】本発明の第４の実施例の廃家電製品の再資源化
処理方法の工程フローチャートFIG. 8 is a process flowchart of a method for recycling used household electrical appliances according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】同廃家電製品の再資源化処理方法に使用する水
比重選別装置の断面図FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a water-specific-gravity separator used in the method for recycling used household electrical appliances.
【図１０】本発明の第５の実施例の廃家電製品の再資源
化処理方法に使用する水比重選別装置の断面図FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a water-specific-gravity separator used in a method of recycling waste household electrical appliances according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１１】本発明の第６の実施例の廃家電製品の再資源
化処理方法の要部工程フローチャートFIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the main steps of a method for recycling used household electrical appliances according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１２】本発明の第７の実施例の廃家電製品の再資源
化処理方法の要部工程フローチャートFIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the main steps of a method for recycling used household electrical appliances according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention;
【図１３】従来の廃家電製品の再資源化処理方法の一例
の工程フローチャートFIG. 13 is a process flowchart of an example of a conventional waste home appliance recycling method.
【図１４】従来の廃家電製品の再資源化処理方法の他の
例の工程フローチャートFIG. 14 is a process flowchart of another example of a conventional method for recycling used household electrical appliances.
【図１５】同廃家電製品の再資源化処理方法に使用する
水利用セパレータの断面図FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a water-use separator used in the method for recycling used household electrical appliances.
３ １次破砕工程 ４ 磁力選別工程 ２９ａ １次風力選別工程（風力選別工程） ２９ｂ ２次風力選別工程（風力選別工程） ３４ ２次破砕工程 ３５ 水比重選別工程 3 Primary crushing process 4 Magnetic force sorting process 29a Primary wind sorting process (wind sorting process) 29b Secondary wind sorting process (wind sorting process) 34 Secondary crushing process 35 Water specific gravity sorting process
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 田中 愼二 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内 (72)発明者 池川 裕長 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 4D004 AA22 BA05 BA07 CA04 CA08 CA09 CA10 CA13 CB13 CC05 DA03 DA20 4F301 AA12 AA15 BA12 BA21 BA29 BE29 BF09 BF12 BF26 BF29 BF32 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Shinji Tanaka 1006 Kadoma Kadoma, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yucho Ikegawa 1006 Kadoma Kadoma City, Osaka Pref. F term (reference) 4D004 AA22 BA05 BA07 CA04 CA08 CA09 CA10 CA13 CB13 CC05 DA03 DA20 4F301 AA12 AA15 BA12 BA21 BA29 BE29 BF09 BF12 BF26 BF29 BF32
Claims (7)
から鉄系金属を取り出す磁力選別工程と、前記磁力選別
工程にて鉄系金属を取り除いた破砕物を再破砕する２次
破砕工程と、少なくとも１次破砕物または２次破砕物か
らフイルム、発泡スチロールなどの超軽量物とそれ以外
のプラスチック、非鉄系の破砕物とに分離する風力選別
工程と、再破砕された破砕物を銅線と銅合金やアルミニ
ウム合金および実装プリント基板等の混合物からなる重
比重物と、比重が１．０より大きく概ね１．０５程度の
主にスチレン系樹脂等からなる中比重物と、比重が１．
０より小さいオレフィン系樹脂からなる軽比重物の３種
類に選別する水比重選別工程とを有する廃家電製品の再
資源化処理方法。1. A magnetic separation step of extracting an iron-based metal from a primary crushed product crushed in a primary crushing step, and a secondary crushing of re-crushing the crushed material from which the iron-based metal has been removed in the magnetic separation step. Process, wind separation process to separate at least primary crushed material or secondary crushed material into ultra-light material such as film and styrofoam and other plastic and non-ferrous crushed material, and re-crushed crushed material with copper A heavy specific gravity object composed of a mixture of a wire and a copper alloy, an aluminum alloy and a printed circuit board; a medium specific gravity mainly composed of a styrene-based resin having a specific gravity of more than 1.0 and about 1.05; .
A method for recycling waste electrical appliances, comprising: a water specific gravity selection step of selecting three types of light specific gravity substances made of an olefin resin smaller than 0.
をプラスチック群と鉄系金属、非鉄系金属、実装プリン
ト基板等の混合物に分離する１次風力選別工程と、分離
された前記混合物から鉄系金属を取り出す磁力選別工程
と、前記プラスチック群と鉄系金属を回収した後の非鉄
系金属、実装プリント基板等の混合物を再破砕する２次
破砕工程と、少なくとも１次破砕物または２次破砕物か
らフイルムおよび発泡スチロール等の超軽量物を除去す
る２次風力選別工程と、再破砕された破砕物を銅線と銅
合金やアルミニウム合金および実装プリント基板等の混
合物からなる重比重物と、比重が１．０より大きく概ね
１．０５程度の主にスチレン系樹脂等からなる中比重物
と、比重が１．０より小さいオレフィン系樹脂からなる
軽比重物の３種類に選別する水比重選別工程とを有する
廃家電製品の再資源化処理方法。2. A primary wind separation step of separating the primary crushed material crushed in the primary crushing step into a mixture of a plastic group and a ferrous metal, a non-ferrous metal, a mounted printed circuit board, and the like; A magnetic separation step of extracting the iron-based metal from the mixture, a non-ferrous metal after collecting the plastic group and the iron-based metal, a secondary crushing step of re-crushing the mixture of the mounted printed circuit board and the like, and at least a primary crushed material or A secondary wind sorting process for removing ultra-light materials such as film and styrofoam from the secondary crushed material, and a heavy-gravity material composed of a mixture of copper wire, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, and mounted printed circuit board, etc. And three types of medium specific gravity mainly composed of styrene-based resin, etc., whose specific gravity is larger than 1.0 and about 1.05, and light specific gravity composed of olefin-based resin whose specific gravity is smaller than 1.0. A method for recycling waste home appliances having a water specific gravity sorting step for sorting.
比重物あるいは軽比重物だけを水中で再破砕する水中破
砕工程を有する請求項１または２記載の廃家電製品の再
資源化処理方法。3. The recycling of waste home appliances according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an underwater crushing step of re-crushing the light specific substance, the medium specific substance, or only the light specific substance in water after sorting the heavy specific substances. Processing method.
程に、回収された軽比重物を精査に選別する第２の水比
重選別工程を有する請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載
の廃家電製品の再資源化処理方法。4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a second water-specific-gravity sorting step of selecting the collected light-specific-gravity substances for scrutiny, after the water-specific-gravity sorting step of sorting into three types. The recycling method for waste home appliances described in the item.
縣濁物を凝集沈澱する第１の凝集沈澱工程を有する請求
項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載の廃家電製品の再資源化
処理方法。5. The method of claim 1, further comprising a first coagulation sedimentation step of coagulating sedimentation of suspended matter or suspension of water used in the water specific gravity separation step. Resource recycling method.
を凝集沈澱する第２の凝集沈澱工程を有する請求項１〜
４のいずれか１項に記載の廃家電製品の再資源化処理方
法。6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a second coagulation sedimentation step for coagulation sedimentation of a molten substance of water used in the water specific gravity separation step.
4. The method for recycling waste electrical home appliances according to any one of the items 4 to 4.
系界面活性剤あるいはノニオン系界面活性剤と消泡剤を
配合した請求項１〜６のいずれか１項に記載の廃家電製
品の再資源化処理方法。7. The recycling method of a waste home appliance according to claim 1, wherein a nonionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant and an antifoaming agent are blended in water used in the water specific gravity sorting step. Resource recycling method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28131399A JP2001096261A (en) | 1999-10-01 | 1999-10-01 | Method of recycling waste electric appliance resource |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28131399A JP2001096261A (en) | 1999-10-01 | 1999-10-01 | Method of recycling waste electric appliance resource |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001096261A true JP2001096261A (en) | 2001-04-10 |
Family
ID=17637363
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28131399A Pending JP2001096261A (en) | 1999-10-01 | 1999-10-01 | Method of recycling waste electric appliance resource |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2001096261A (en) |
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