JP2001059139A - High damping alloy material, its production and tool member using the same - Google Patents
High damping alloy material, its production and tool member using the sameInfo
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- JP2001059139A JP2001059139A JP23122099A JP23122099A JP2001059139A JP 2001059139 A JP2001059139 A JP 2001059139A JP 23122099 A JP23122099 A JP 23122099A JP 23122099 A JP23122099 A JP 23122099A JP 2001059139 A JP2001059139 A JP 2001059139A
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- alloy material
- alloy
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- vibration damping
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Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、制振ないし防振合
金材料、その製造方法およびそれを用いた工具部材に関
する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vibration damping or vibration damping alloy material, a method for producing the same, and a tool member using the same.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】制振用材料としては、現在2枚の炭素鋼
板の間に樹脂層をサンドイッチした制振鋼板が最も多く
利用されている。しかしながら、このサンドイッチ型制
振鋼板は、その構成上、加工性(溶接性、成形性など)に
劣ること、100℃以上での使用が困難であること、一般
の機械構造用炭素鋼に比して強度がかなり低いことなど
の理由により、その用途は著しく限定されている。この
ため、金属単体で構成された汎用性の高い制振合金(防
振合金)の開発が要望されている。これまでに開発され
た制振合金材料は、その振動減衰機構の相違に基づい
て、(1) 鋳鉄に代表される複合型、(2)鉄に他の合金元
素を配合した強磁性型、(3)転位型および(4)双晶型の4
種類に大別されている。強磁性型制振合金の代表的なも
のとしては、12Cr-2Al鋼(サイレンタロイ)、12Cr-2Al-3
Mo鋼(ジェンタロイ)などが古くから知られている。これ
らの合金は、構造材としては十分な強度を有しているも
のの、いずれも高価なクロム元素を多く含むので材料コ
ストが高くなるという実用上の問題点がある。従って、
サンドイッチ型制振鋼板の登場以降は、ほとんど使用さ
れていない。2. Description of the Related Art At present, a damping steel sheet in which a resin layer is sandwiched between two carbon steel sheets is most frequently used as a damping material. However, this sandwich type vibration damping steel sheet is inferior in workability (weldability, formability, etc.) due to its configuration, it is difficult to use at 100 ° C or higher, and compared with general carbon steel for machine structural use. Due to their relatively low strength, their use is severely limited. Therefore, development of a highly versatile vibration damping alloy (anti-vibration alloy) composed of a single metal has been demanded. Based on the difference in vibration damping mechanism, the damping alloy materials developed so far are based on (1) composite type represented by cast iron, (2) ferromagnetic type in which iron is mixed with other alloy elements, 3) dislocation type and (4) twin type 4
They are roughly divided into types. Typical ferromagnetic damping alloys include 12Cr-2Al steel (Silentalloy) and 12Cr-2Al-3
Mo steel (Gentaroy) has been known for a long time. Although these alloys have a sufficient strength as a structural material, all of them contain a large amount of expensive chromium element and thus have a practical problem that the material cost is increased. Therefore,
It has been rarely used since the appearance of sandwich-type damping steel plates.
【0003】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従って、本発明は、安
価な合金成分を使用し、振動減衰能に優れ、一般の機械
構造用炭素鋼に匹敵する機械的性質を備えた制振合金を
提供することを主な目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention provides a vibration damping alloy which uses an inexpensive alloy component, has excellent vibration damping ability, and has mechanical properties comparable to general carbon steel for machine structural use. The main purpose is to
【0004】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、上記の様な
従来技術の問題点に留意しつつ研究を進めた結果、特定
の組成比と結晶粒径とを有するAl-Fe合金が制振材料と
して優れた効果を発揮することを見出し、本発明を完成
するにいたった。Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has conducted research while paying attention to the problems of the prior art as described above. They have found that they exhibit excellent effects as vibration materials, and have completed the present invention.
【0005】すなわち、本発明は、下記の制振合金、そ
の製造方法およびそれを用いた工具部材を提供するもの
である: 1.Al含有量6〜10重量%、残部Feおよび不可避的不
純物からなる合金材料であって、平均結晶粒径が300〜7
00μmの範囲内にあることを特徴とする制振合金。 2.Al含有量6〜10重量%、残部Feおよび不可避的不
純物からなる合金を塑性加工した後、磁気変態点以上の
温度で30分〜2時間保持し、次いで同保持温度から600℃
までの温度域において20℃/分以下の速度で徐冷するこ
とを特徴とする制振合金の製造方法。 3.上記項1または2に記載の制振合金からなる切削工
具シャンク。 4.上記項1または2に記載の制振合金からなるボーリ
ングバー。That is, the present invention provides the following vibration damping alloy, a method for producing the same, and a tool member using the same: An alloy material comprising an Al content of 6 to 10% by weight, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and having an average crystal grain size of 300 to 7
A vibration damping alloy characterized by being in the range of 00 μm. 2. After plastically processing an alloy consisting of 6 to 10% by weight of Al and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, the alloy is held at a temperature equal to or higher than the magnetic transformation point for 30 minutes to 2 hours, and then from the holding temperature to 600 ° C.
A slow cooling at a rate of 20 ° C./min or less in a temperature range of up to 20 ° C. 3. Item 3. A cutting tool shank comprising the vibration damping alloy according to item 1 or 2. 4. Item 3. A boring bar comprising the damping alloy according to item 1 or 2.
【0006】[0006]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明によるAl-Fe制振合金は、
強磁性材料であるので、その主な振動減衰機構は、磁壁
の非可逆移動に伴う磁気・機械的履歴損失によるものと
推測される。一般に、多結晶材料の金属組織中に存在す
る結晶粒界は、磁壁が移動する際の妨げになると考えら
れることから、結晶粒径が大きいほど磁歪も大きくな
り、内部摩擦が増大するものと推測される。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The Al-Fe vibration damping alloy according to the present invention
Since it is a ferromagnetic material, its main vibration damping mechanism is presumed to be due to the loss of magnetic and mechanical hysteresis accompanying irreversible movement of the domain wall. In general, it is considered that the crystal grain boundaries existing in the metal structure of the polycrystalline material hinder the movement of the domain wall.Therefore, it is assumed that the larger the crystal grain size, the larger the magnetostriction and the higher the internal friction. Is done.
【0007】本発明によるAl-Fe制振合金は、Al含有率
が6〜10重量%であり、残余がFeおよび不可避的不純物
(Si0.1重量%以下;Mn0.1重量%以下、;その他C、N、
S、Oなど併せて0.1重量%以下)からなる。また、その結
晶の平均粒径が300〜700μmの範囲内にあることを必須
とする。The Al—Fe vibration damping alloy according to the present invention has an Al content of 6 to 10% by weight, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
(Si 0.1% by weight or less; Mn 0.1% by weight or less; Other C, N,
0.1% by weight or less). In addition, it is essential that the average particle size of the crystals be in the range of 300 to 700 μm.
【0008】Al含有量が6〜10重量%の範囲外となる場
合には、内部摩擦が低くなる。内部摩擦を十分に高める
ために、Al含有量を7〜9重量%とすることが、より好ま
しい。When the Al content is out of the range of 6 to 10% by weight, the internal friction becomes low. In order to sufficiently increase the internal friction, the Al content is more preferably set to 7 to 9% by weight.
【0009】Al-Fe制振合金中の結晶の平均粒径が300μ
m未満の金属組織の状態では、上記の理由により、制振
合金としての十分な内部摩擦が得られない。従って、合
金素材に対し圧延加工などの塑性加工を行った後、700
℃以上の温度での焼きなまし熱処理により、結晶の平均
粒径を300μm以上に調整する必要がある。しかしなが
ら、高温での長時間の熱処理により、結晶の平均粒径が
700μmを上回ると、強度が著しく低下するため、構造材
料として必要な機械的性質が確保できなくなる。本発明
によるAl-Fe制振合金においては、制振性能をさらに一
層向上させるためには、結晶の平均粒径を500〜700μm
とすることがより好ましい。The average grain size of the crystals in the Al-Fe damping alloy is 300 μm.
In a state of a metal structure of less than m, sufficient internal friction as a vibration damping alloy cannot be obtained for the above-mentioned reasons. Therefore, after performing plastic working such as rolling on the alloy material, 700
It is necessary to adjust the average grain size of the crystals to 300 μm or more by annealing heat treatment at a temperature of not less than ℃. However, due to prolonged heat treatment at high temperature, the average grain size of
If it exceeds 700 μm, the strength is significantly reduced, so that the mechanical properties required as a structural material cannot be secured. In the Al-Fe damping alloy according to the present invention, in order to further improve the damping performance, the average grain size of the crystal is 500 to 700 μm
Is more preferable.
【0010】本発明によるAl-Fe合金材料は、以下のよ
うにして製造することができる。[0010] The Al-Fe alloy material according to the present invention can be manufactured as follows.
【0011】まず、所望の合金中のAl含有量が所定値と
なる割合に予め調整したAlとFe素材とを、窒素および酸
素の侵入を防止するために、0.1〜0.01Pa程度の減圧下
で溶融した後、鋳型に流し込んで、Al-Fe合金鋳塊を得
る。次いで、得られた合金鋳塊を圧延、鍛造などの塑性
加工と機械加工により、所定の製品形状に仕上げる。First, the Al and Fe materials, which have been adjusted in advance so that the Al content in the desired alloy becomes a predetermined value, are mixed under reduced pressure of about 0.1 to 0.01 Pa in order to prevent intrusion of nitrogen and oxygen. After being melted, it is poured into a mold to obtain an Al-Fe alloy ingot. Next, the obtained alloy ingot is finished to a predetermined product shape by plastic working such as rolling and forging and mechanical working.
【0012】次いで、得られた塑性加工材を700〜1000
℃程度の温度に30分〜2時間程度保持して、焼き鈍し処
理する。焼き鈍し処理時の温度および時間は、合金の組
成、製品形状と関連する塑性加工条件などを考慮して、
上記の範囲から適宜選択すればよい。Next, the obtained plastically processed material is 700 to 1000
The temperature is kept at about 30 ° C. for about 30 minutes to 2 hours, followed by annealing. The temperature and time during the annealing process, considering the composition of the alloy, the plastic working conditions related to the product shape, etc.
What is necessary is just to select suitably from the said range.
【0013】次いで、得られた焼き鈍し材を所定の保持
温度から600℃までの温度域における冷却速度を通常20
℃/分以下(好ましくは10℃/分以下、さらに好ましくは1
〜5℃/分程度)として、徐冷する。600℃未満の温度域で
は、自然冷却(放冷)を行えば良い。Next, the cooling rate of the obtained annealed material in a temperature range from a predetermined holding temperature to 600 ° C. is usually set at 20 ° C.
C / min or less (preferably 10 C / min or less, more preferably 1
(About 5 ° C / min). In the temperature range below 600 ° C., natural cooling (cooling) may be performed.
【0014】上記の様にして、塑性加工による内部歪み
が除去され、結晶の平均粒径が300〜700μmであるAl-Fe
合金材料が得られる。結晶の平均粒径は、合金組成に応
じて、焼き鈍し処理時の温度および時間、徐冷速度など
により、制御することができる。例えば後記実施例に示
す様に、本発明による合金材料を850℃で1時間保持した
後、850〜600℃の温度域での冷却速度を5℃/分として徐
冷することにより、結晶粒径500〜700μm程度の材料が
得られる。この様な材料は、内部摩擦が大きいので、そ
の制振性能はより一層改善される。本発明による制振材
料は、切削工具用シャンク、ボーリングバーなどの工具
材料として特に有用である。As described above, the internal strain due to the plastic working is removed, and the Al-Fe having an average crystal grain size of 300 to 700 μm is used.
An alloy material is obtained. The average grain size of the crystals can be controlled by the temperature and time during annealing, the slow cooling rate, and the like, according to the alloy composition. For example, as shown in Examples below, after holding the alloy material according to the present invention at 850 ° C. for 1 hour, and gradually cooling at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./min in a temperature range of 850 to 600 ° C., the crystal grain size is reduced. A material of about 500 to 700 μm can be obtained. Since such a material has a large internal friction, its vibration damping performance is further improved. The vibration damping material according to the present invention is particularly useful as a tool material for shank for cutting tools, boring bar and the like.
【0015】金属製品の機械的加工として代表的な切削
加工において、特に工作物の穴加工に用いられるボーリ
ングバー(中ぐりバイト)は、その形状が細長いので、切
削加工時の“びびり”振動の発生は避けられない。この
びびり振動は、切削面の精度を低下させるとともに、工
具の切削部材(スローアウェイチップ)の摩耗を促進させ
る。一般にボーリングバーの突き出し長さは、直径の約
5倍が限度とされており、突き出し長さをそれ以上とす
る場合には、大きなびびり振動が発生する。この対策の
一つとして、超硬製のボーリングバーが使用されている
が、その価格は、鋼製のボーリングバーの約3倍にも達
する。In a typical cutting process as a mechanical process of a metal product, a boring bar (a boring bar) used particularly for drilling a workpiece has an elongated shape. Outbreaks are inevitable. This chatter vibration reduces the accuracy of the cutting surface and promotes wear of the cutting member (the indexable tip) of the tool. Generally, the protruding length of the boring bar is approximately
The limit is five times, and when the protrusion length is longer than that, large chatter vibration occurs. As one of the measures, carbide boring bars are used, but the price is about three times that of steel boring bars.
【0016】しかるに、本発明によるAl-Fe合金材料を
ボーリングバーなどの切削工具用シャンクとして使用す
る場合には、その優れた制振特性の故に、高価な超硬製
シャンクにも優って、被加工品の切削仕上げ面の精度を
著しく向上させるるとともに、工具の摩耗をも減少させ
る。本発明による制振合金材料は、さらに、階段、ドア
などの建築部材用材料;振動あるいは騒音が問題となる
精密機器の構成材料などとしても有用である。However, when the Al-Fe alloy material according to the present invention is used as a shank for a cutting tool such as a boring bar, it is superior to an expensive carbide shank due to its excellent vibration damping characteristics. Significantly improves the accuracy of the finished surface of the workpiece and reduces tool wear. The vibration damping alloy material according to the present invention is also useful as a material for building members such as stairs and doors; as a constituent material of precision equipment in which vibration or noise is a problem.
【0017】[0017]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、安価なAlを合金成分と
する鉄系合金であって、振動減衰能に優れ、一般の機械
構造用炭素鋼に匹敵する機械的性質を備えた制振合金材
料を得ることができる。According to the present invention, there is provided an iron alloy containing inexpensive Al as an alloy component, having excellent vibration damping ability and having mechanical properties comparable to general carbon steel for machine structural use. An alloy material can be obtained.
【0018】[0018]
【実施例】以下に実施例を示し、本発明の特徴とすると
ころをより一層明確にする。 実施例1 FeとAl素材とを減圧条件下(0.01Pa)で溶解した後、鋳型
に流し込んでAl含有率の異なる3種のFe-Al合金鋳塊を調
製した。得られた鋳塊を圧延した後、機械加工により、
2mm×10mm×60mmの短冊状板材を作製した。次いで、こ
の短冊状板材を以下の条件下に焼き鈍し処理した後、冷
却して、試験片を得た。 *冷却条件1:700℃で1時間保持した後、大気中自然冷
却(冷却速度=200〜30 0℃/分)。 *冷却条件2:700℃で1時間保持した後、炉中冷却(冷
却速度=20℃/分)。 *冷却条件3:850℃で1時間保持した後、炉中徐冷(冷
却速度=5℃/分)。EXAMPLES Examples are shown below to further clarify the features of the present invention. Example 1 After Fe and an Al material were melted under reduced pressure (0.01 Pa), they were poured into a mold to prepare three types of Fe-Al alloy ingots having different Al contents. After rolling the obtained ingot, by machining,
A 2 mm × 10 mm × 60 mm strip was prepared. Next, the strip-shaped plate was annealed under the following conditions and then cooled to obtain a test piece. * Cooling condition 1: After holding at 700 ° C for 1 hour, natural cooling in the air (cooling rate = 200 to 300 ° C / min). * Cooling condition 2: After holding at 700 ° C for 1 hour, cool in furnace (cooling rate = 20 ° C / min). * Cooling condition 3: After holding at 850 ° C for 1 hour, slow cooling in the furnace (cooling rate = 5 ° C / min).
【0019】各試験片について、合金組成と焼き鈍し後
の冷却条件とが結晶粒径に及ぼす影響を表1に示す。Table 1 shows the effect of the alloy composition and the cooling conditions after annealing on the crystal grain size for each test piece.
【0020】[0020]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0021】また、上記の短冊状試験片の一端を片持ち
式固有振動試験機に固定保持し、振動を与えた試験片の
自然減衰から、その内部摩擦(振動減衰能)を求めた。合
金組成と空冷条件とが内部摩擦に及ぼす影響を表2、3
および4に示す。Further, one end of the strip-shaped test piece was fixedly held on a cantilevered natural vibration tester, and the internal friction (vibration damping ability) was obtained from the natural damping of the test piece subjected to vibration. Tables 2 and 3 show the effects of alloy composition and air cooling conditions on internal friction.
And 4.
【0022】[0022]
【表2】 [Table 2]
【0023】[0023]
【表3】 [Table 3]
【0024】[0024]
【表4】 [Table 4]
【0025】実施例2 図1に示す様に、難加工性材料であるSUS304製のパイプ
状被加工物を旋盤のチャックにより固定し、ボーリング
バーの先端に取り付けた市販のスローアウェイチップ(K
10種)により、パイプ表面を切削した。切削条件は、切
り込み=0.1mm、送り=0.15mm/rev、切削速度=55m/分であ
った。なお、本発明の効果を確認するために、ボーリン
グバーの突き出し長さを100mm(直径の10倍)という過酷
な条件に設定した。Embodiment 2 As shown in FIG. 1, a pipe-shaped workpiece made of SUS304, which is a difficult-to-work material, is fixed by a chuck of a lathe and a commercially available indexable insert (K) attached to the tip of a boring bar.
10 types), the pipe surface was cut. The cutting conditions were as follows: cutting depth = 0.1 mm, feed = 0.15 mm / rev, cutting speed = 55 m / min. In order to confirm the effect of the present invention, the protruding length of the boring bar was set to a severe condition of 100 mm (10 times the diameter).
【0026】市販鋼製ボーリングバー、市販超硬製ボー
リングバーおよび本発明によるボーリングバー(実施例
1において、冷却条件3により徐冷したAl含有率8重量
%の材料から調製した)をそれぞれ用いた場合の被加工
物切削仕上げ面粗さを表5に示す。A commercially available steel boring bar, a commercially available carbide boring bar, and a boring bar according to the present invention (prepared in Example 1 from a material slowly cooled by cooling condition 3 and having an Al content of 8% by weight) were used. Table 5 shows the roughness of the cut surface of the workpiece in the case.
【0027】なお、ボーリングバーは、本来穴加工に用
いられるものであるが、本実施例では、仕上げ面の粗さ
測定を容易とするために、パイプ表面の切削工具のシャ
ンクとして使用した。Although the boring bar is originally used for boring, in the present embodiment, the boring bar was used as a shank of a cutting tool on the pipe surface in order to easily measure the roughness of the finished surface.
【0028】[0028]
【表5】 [Table 5]
【0029】また、上記3種のボーリングバーを使用し
て形成された被加工物切削仕上げ面の断面曲線をそれぞ
れ図2、3および4として示す。FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show cross-sectional curves of the cut surface of the workpiece formed using the above three types of boring bars.
【0030】表5ならびに図2、3および4に示す結果
から、本発明合金材料の優れた制振特性が明らかであ
る。 実施例3 実施例1において、冷却条件3により徐冷した本発明Al
-Fe合金材料3種の機械的特性を表6に示す。なお、参考
のため、SS400材およびS45C材の機械的特性(JIS規格値)
を併せて示す。From the results shown in Table 5 and FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, it is clear that the alloy material of the present invention has excellent vibration damping characteristics. Example 3 In Example 1, the present invention Al was gradually cooled under cooling condition 3.
Table 6 shows the mechanical properties of the three types of -Fe alloy materials. For reference, mechanical properties of SS400 and S45C materials (JIS standard values)
Are also shown.
【0031】[0031]
【表6】 [Table 6]
【0032】表6に示す結果から、本発明合金材料は、
機械的特性においても優れていることが明らかである。From the results shown in Table 6, the alloy material of the present invention shows that
It is clear that the mechanical properties are also excellent.
【図1】実施例2で行った切削試験を模式的に示す側面
図である。FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing a cutting test performed in Example 2.
【図2】実施例2による切削試験において、市販の鋼製
シャンクを使用して得られた被加工物切削仕上げ面の断
面曲線である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional curve of a machined finished surface obtained using a commercially available steel shank in a cutting test according to Example 2.
【図3】実施例2による切削試験において、市販の超硬
製シャンクを使用して得られた被加工物切削仕上げ面の
断面曲線である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional curve of a cut surface of a workpiece obtained by using a commercially available carbide shank in a cutting test according to Example 2.
【図4】実施例2による切削試験において、本発明によ
るAl-Fe合金製製シャンクを使用して得られた被加工物
切削仕上げ面の断面曲線である。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional curve of a cut surface of a workpiece obtained by using a shank made of an Al—Fe alloy according to the present invention in a cutting test according to Example 2.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 杉岡 正美 大阪府大阪市城東区森之宮1丁目6番50号 大阪市立工業研究所内 Fターム(参考) 3J048 AC01 BC10 EA07 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Masami Sugioka 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka F-term in Osaka Municipal Industrial Research Institute (reference) 3J048 AC01 BC10 EA07
Claims (4)
可避的不純物からなる合金材料であって、平均結晶粒径
が300〜700μmの範囲内にあることを特徴とする制振合
金材料。An alloy material comprising an Al content of 6 to 10% by weight, a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein the average crystal grain size is in a range of 300 to 700 μm. .
可避的不純物からなる合金を塑性加工した後、磁気変態
点以上の温度で30分〜2時間保持し、次いで同保持温度
から600℃までの温度域において20℃/分以下の速度で徐
冷することを特徴とする制振合金材料の製造方法。2. An alloy comprising an Al content of 6 to 10% by weight, the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities is subjected to plastic working, and then held at a temperature not lower than the magnetic transformation point for 30 minutes to 2 hours. A method for producing a vibration-damping alloy material, comprising gradually cooling at a rate of 20 ° C./min or less in a temperature range up to 100 ° C.
らなる切削工具シャンク。3. A cutting tool shank made of the vibration damping alloy material according to claim 1.
らなるボーリングバー。4. A boring bar made of the damping alloy material according to claim 1.
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JP23122099A JP4238292B2 (en) | 1999-08-18 | 1999-08-18 | Damping alloy material, manufacturing method thereof, and tool member using the same |
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