JP2000351664A - Production of ceramic product - Google Patents
Production of ceramic productInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000351664A JP2000351664A JP11160847A JP16084799A JP2000351664A JP 2000351664 A JP2000351664 A JP 2000351664A JP 11160847 A JP11160847 A JP 11160847A JP 16084799 A JP16084799 A JP 16084799A JP 2000351664 A JP2000351664 A JP 2000351664A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- product
- clay
- waste
- wastes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明はガラス廃棄物及びセ
ラミックス廃棄物を多量に含むセラミックス製品を製造
し、廃棄物資源の循環活用により環境汚染負荷を低減す
るとともに、製品製造時のエネルギー負荷の低減とCO2
排出低減による温暖化効果ガスの削減を図るものであ
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is to manufacture ceramic products containing a large amount of glass waste and ceramic waste, to reduce the environmental pollution load by recycling waste resources, and to reduce the energy load during product manufacturing. And CO 2
The aim is to reduce greenhouse gases by reducing emissions.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】セラミックス製品は長石、陶石などの岩
石材料と粘土とを混練して成形し、通常1200〜1300℃程
度の温度で焼成して製造している。2. Description of the Related Art Ceramic products are manufactured by kneading a rock material such as feldspar, pottery stone and clay with a clay, and usually firing at a temperature of about 1200 to 1300 ° C.
【０００３】一方、セラミックス製品やガラス製品は、
用済みや破損のため、廃棄物として処理される量が多
く、また、製造過程においても破損や低品質のため、ス
クラップとして廃棄される量が多い。このため、セラミ
ックス製品やガラス製品の廃棄物のリサイクル化が要請
されている。On the other hand, ceramic products and glass products are
A large amount is discarded as waste because it is used or damaged, and a large amount is discarded as scrap due to damage or low quality in the manufacturing process. For this reason, recycling of the waste of ceramics products and glass products is demanded.
【０００４】この要請に応えるため、従来のセラミック
ス製品の岩石材料に相当する材料を全量ガラス廃棄物で
置換し、このガラス廃棄物と粘土とを混練して成形し、
焼成してガラス製品とセラミックス製品との中間の一種
のセラミックス製品を製造することが提案されている。
（特公平7-51456 号公報、特公平8-25823 号公報）。[0004] In order to meet this demand, all the materials corresponding to the rock material of the conventional ceramic products are replaced with glass waste, and the glass waste and clay are kneaded and molded.
It has been proposed to produce a kind of ceramic product intermediate between a glass product and a ceramic product by firing.
(JP-B 7-51456, JP-B 8-25823).
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、これらの公報
に記載されている対策（粘土としてベントナイトを使用
する、ガラス廃棄物として大粒径のものを使用する、水
分を厳密に調整する、など）を講じても、配合されるガ
ラス廃棄物の量が多くなるにつれて、製造されるセラミ
ックス製品は表面があばた状になる、形状安定性や寸法
安定性が悪くなる、という欠点が現れ、商品とはならな
い。従って、商品となり得るぎりぎりとして、40重量％
程度以下の配合量に留めざるを得ないのが現状である。However, the countermeasures described in these publications (such as using bentonite as clay, using a large particle size as glass waste, and strictly adjusting the water content). However, as the amount of glass waste to be compounded increases, the manufactured ceramic products have the disadvantage that the surface becomes fluttered, shape stability and dimensional stability deteriorate, and No. Therefore, just barely become a product, 40% by weight
At present, it is necessary to keep the blending amount to a level below the level.
【０００６】本発明は、この比較的少量の再利用量に留
めざるを得ないガラス廃棄物の量を増加させるのみでな
く、現在リサイクル化が殆ど図られていないセラミック
ス廃棄物のリサイクルにより再資源化を図って、ガラス
廃棄物のみを使用した場合に比較して高品質のセラミッ
クスの製造を可能とするとともに、焼成の際の焼成温度
を廃棄物を含まない一般のセラミックス製品の場合より
低くしてエネルギーの節減を図ることを目的とする。[0006] The present invention not only increases the amount of glass waste that must be kept to a relatively small amount of reuse, but also recycles ceramic waste, which is currently hardly recycled. To enable the production of higher quality ceramics compared to the case where only glass waste is used, and to set the firing temperature during firing lower than that of general ceramic products containing no waste. To save energy.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、「粉砕したガ
ラス廃棄物50〜80重量％、（Ｂ）粘土10〜45重量％、
（Ｃ）粉砕したセラミックス廃棄物 5〜40重量％、より
合計 100重量％の組成物を調製し、成形、乾燥後、1000
〜1200℃で焼成することを特徴とするセラミックス製品
の製造方法。」である。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing 50-80% by weight of crushed glass waste, 10-45% by weight of (B) clay,
(C) Pulverized ceramic waste 5 to 40% by weight, a total of 100% by weight of a composition is prepared, molded, dried, and then dried.
A method for producing a ceramic product, characterized by firing at a temperature of up to 1200 ° C. ".
【０００８】本発明の要点は、製造されるセラミックス
製品の主原料である粉砕したガラス廃棄物と一緒に粉砕
したセラミックス廃棄物を原料として使用する点であ
る。本願発明者は、相当多量の粉砕したセラミックス廃
棄物を主原料の粉砕したガラス廃棄物に配合することに
より、ガラス廃棄物中の不純物の晶出によると考えられ
るセラミックス製品表面のあばたの形成が完全に防止さ
れるのみならず、形状安定性および寸法安定性を大幅に
向上させることができる、ことを見出した。従って、粉
砕したセラミックス廃棄物を 5〜40重量％配合すること
により、粉砕したガラス廃棄物を50〜80重量％という大
量に配合しても商品価値を低下させることはない。The gist of the present invention is to use as a raw material a ground ceramic waste together with a ground glass waste which is a main raw material of a manufactured ceramic product. By mixing a considerable amount of ground ceramic waste into the ground glass waste of the main raw material, the present inventor has made it possible to completely form a pock on the ceramic product surface, which is thought to be due to crystallization of impurities in the glass waste. Not only can be prevented, but also the shape stability and the dimensional stability can be greatly improved. Therefore, by blending 5 to 40% by weight of the crushed ceramic waste, even if the crushed glass waste is blended in a large amount of 50 to 80% by weight, the commercial value is not reduced.
【０００９】粉砕したセラミックス廃棄物の配合によ
り、セラミックス製品表面のあばたの形成が完全に防止
される理由は明確ではないが、配合したセラミックス廃
棄物がガラス廃棄物中の不純物分の晶出を妨げるものと
考えられる。Although it is not clear why the pulverization of the ceramic product surface is completely prevented by mixing the pulverized ceramic waste, the compounded ceramic waste prevents crystallization of impurities in the glass waste. It is considered something.
【００１０】そして、図１に示すように、溶融したガラ
ス廃棄物粒子が連続相（海）１となってマットリックス
を形成し、独立相（島）であるセラミックス廃棄物粒子
２および焼成した粘土粒子３を包み込みセラミックス製
品を形成する。従って、セラミックス廃棄物粒子は焼結
性がなくてもセラミックス製品中に安定して存在し、骨
材的な役割を果たし、得られるセラミックス製品の形状
安定性および寸法安定性の向上に寄与すると考えられ
る。Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the molten glass waste particles become a continuous phase (sea) 1 to form matrices, and ceramic waste particles 2 which are independent phases (islands) and fired clay The particles 3 are wrapped to form a ceramic product. Therefore, it is considered that the ceramic waste particles are stably present in the ceramic product even without sinterability and play a role as an aggregate, contributing to the improvement of the shape stability and dimensional stability of the obtained ceramic product. Can be
【００１１】本発明で原料として使用するガラス廃棄物
やセラミックス廃棄物は、用済みや破損のために廃棄物
として処理される物であっても、製造過程においても破
損や低品質のため、スクラップとして廃棄される物の何
れであってもよい。The glass waste and ceramic waste used as a raw material in the present invention are scraps or wastes which are disposed of because they are used or damaged. Any of the materials that are discarded may be used.
【００１２】本発明で使用する粘土は、窯業で粘土と言
われるものであれば如何なる種類のものであってもよ
い。例えば、粘土鉱物を単に粉砕するか、少し加工して
粉砕した木節粘土、蛙目粘土、カオリン粘土、鉱物から
粘土分を抽出した粘土（珪砂を水篩して粘土分を抽出し
た粘土）などが使用される。The clay used in the present invention may be of any type as long as it is called clay in the ceramic industry. For example, kibushi clay, frog eye clay, kaolin clay, clay extracted from minerals (clay obtained by sieving silica sand to extract clay components), etc. Is used.
【００１３】本発明で原料として再利用するガラス廃棄
物及びセラミックス廃棄物は、それぞれを粉砕して粒径
数mm程度以下とした粒状のものであってもよいし、それ
を更に粉砕して粒径μm オーダーとした程度とした粉末
であってもよい。粉末まで粉砕する際には、それぞれを
別個に粉砕してもよいし、粘土を含めた原料全体を一緒
に粉砕してもよい。何れにしても原料の調製や成形、施
釉などの操作は通常のセラミックス製品の製造の操作と
特に異なる点はない。The glass waste and the ceramic waste to be reused as raw materials in the present invention may be in the form of granules each having a particle size of about several mm or less, or may be further pulverized into granules. Powder having a diameter on the order of μm may be used. When pulverizing to powder, each may be pulverized separately, or the entire raw material including clay may be pulverized together. In any case, operations such as preparation of raw materials, molding, and glazing are not particularly different from operations for manufacturing ordinary ceramic products.
【００１４】本発明のセラミックス製品の原料である粉
砕したガラス廃棄物粒又は粉末、粘土、粉砕したセラミ
ックス廃棄物粒又は粉末の調合に際しては、これらの原
料を混合し、適量の水を添加しながら混練する。添加す
る水の量は、その後のセラミックス製品の成形方法によ
って異なり、原料表面が湿る程度で十分な乾式成形の場
合は含水率 5〜10重量％程度、十分な混練が必要な湿式
成形やの場合は15〜25重量％程度である。In preparing the crushed glass waste particles or powder, clay, and crushed ceramic waste particles or powder, which are the raw materials of the ceramic product of the present invention, these raw materials are mixed and an appropriate amount of water is added. Knead. The amount of water to be added varies depending on the subsequent molding method of the ceramic product. In the case of dry molding where the surface of the raw material is sufficiently wet, the water content is about 5 to 10% by weight. In this case, it is about 15 to 25% by weight.
【００１５】本発明で製造されるセラミックス製品は少
量のガラス廃棄物のみをリサイクルする場合に比較し
て、骨材としてセラミックス廃棄物粒子を含んでいるの
で、耐火性は約800 〜900 ℃から約1000〜1300℃に向上
する。そして、焼成温度はガラス廃棄物粒が十分に溶融
すればよいので、廃棄物を含まない場合の通常の1200〜
1300℃程度から1000〜1200℃に低下する。Since the ceramic product produced by the present invention contains ceramic waste particles as aggregate as compared with the case where only a small amount of glass waste is recycled, the fire resistance is from about 800 to 900 ° C. Increase to 1000-1300 ° C. And since the firing temperature is sufficient if the glass waste particles are sufficiently melted, the normal firing temperature of 1200 to
The temperature drops from about 1300 ℃ to 1000-1200 ℃.
【００１６】本発明のセラミックス製品の表面には通常
釉薬を施こして着色や模様を現出する。また、施釉によ
らずに、着色したセラミックス製品を製造する場合には
顔料入りの坏土を使用すればよい。The surface of the ceramic product of the present invention is usually coated with a glaze to give a color or a pattern. In addition, when a colored ceramic product is manufactured without using the glaze, a clay containing a pigment may be used.
【００１７】本発明で製造されるセラミックス製品の種
類としては、例えば、乾式成形や湿式成形により成形さ
れるタイルやレンガ、各種ブロックや各種陶磁器、手工
芸や工業化による各種磁器、美術工芸品などが挙げられ
る。The types of ceramic products manufactured by the present invention include, for example, tiles and bricks formed by dry molding and wet molding, various blocks and various porcelain, various porcelain by handicraft and industrialization, and arts and crafts. No.
【００１８】本発明で製造される工業的セラミックス製
品は何れもJIS A 5209に定める規格を満足するものであ
る。All of the industrial ceramic products manufactured according to the present invention satisfy the standards specified in JIS A5209.
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施例について説
明する。 （実施例１） 粘土：木節粘土20重量％＋カオリン粘土 5重量％ ガラス廃棄物粒50重量％ タイル焼成品スクラップ粒25重量％ 上記組成の各原料をボールミルに投入混合して約20時間
湿式粉砕した後、得られたスラリーをスプレードライヤ
ーで乾燥し、次いで得られた顆粒を油圧プレスで約200k
gf/cm2の圧力下で45二丁形状の45mm×95mm×7mm のタイ
ルに成形および施釉する。次いで、温度1050℃で3 時間
焼成する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. (Example 1) Clay: 20% by weight of Kibushi clay + 5% by weight of kaolin clay 50% by weight of glass waste particles 25% by weight of scraps of fired tiles 25% by weight of each raw material having the above composition was mixed in a ball mill and wet mixed for about 20 hours. After pulverization, the obtained slurry is dried with a spray drier, and the obtained granules are then pressed with a hydraulic press to about 200 k.
Formed and glazed into 45 45 × 95 × 7 mm tiles of 45 doubles under a pressure of gf / cm 2 . Next, it is fired at a temperature of 1050 ° C. for 3 hours.
【００２０】焼成収縮6.5 ％、吸水率0.5 ％以下の従来
製品を凌ぐ品質のタイルが得られ、釉薬の焼成呈色も従
来製品と異なることはなかった。一方、上記原料組成か
らタイル焼成品スクラップ粒のみを省いて同様に調製、
焼成したタイルは表面があばた状であり、形状および寸
法安定性が悪かった。Tiles of higher quality than conventional products having a firing shrinkage of 6.5% and a water absorption of 0.5% or less were obtained, and the firing color of the glaze did not differ from the conventional products. On the other hand, from the above raw material composition, only the tile fired product scrap granules were omitted and similarly prepared,
The fired tile had a pock-like surface and poor shape and dimensional stability.
【００２１】（実施例２） 粘土：蛙目粘土20重量％＋珪砂水篩粘土10重量％ ガラス廃棄物粒60重量％ 瓦焼成品スクラップ粒10重量％ 上記組成の各原料をボールミルに投入混合して約19時間
湿式粉砕した後、得られたスラリーをスプレードライヤ
ーで乾燥し、次いで得られた顆粒を油圧プレスで約250k
gf/cm2の圧力下で二丁掛形状の60mm×227mm ×11mmのタ
イルに成形及び施釉する。次いで、温度1000℃で3 時間
焼成する。(Example 2) Clay: Frog eye clay 20% by weight + silica sand sieve clay 10% by weight Glass waste particles 60% by weight Tile fired product scrap particles 10% by weight Each raw material having the above composition is put into a ball mill and mixed. After wet pulverization for about 19 hours, the obtained slurry was dried with a spray drier, and the obtained granules were then dried for about 250 k with a hydraulic press.
Form and glaze two -piece tiles of 60 mm x 227 mm x 11 mm under gf / cm 2 pressure. Next, it is baked at a temperature of 1000 ° C. for 3 hours.
【００２２】焼成収縮6.2 ％、吸水率0.3 ％以下の従来
製品を凌ぐ品質のタイルが得られ、釉薬の焼成呈色は従
来製品よりも鮮やかであった。一方、上記原料組成から
瓦焼成品スクラップ粒のみを省いて同様に調製、焼成し
たタイルは表面があばた状であり、形状および寸法安定
性が悪かった。Tiles of a higher quality than conventional products having firing shrinkage of 6.2% and water absorption of 0.3% or less were obtained, and the firing color of the glaze was more vivid than the conventional products. On the other hand, tiles prepared and fired in the same manner except that only the scrap particles of the tile fired product were omitted from the above raw material composition, the surface was flapping, and the shape and dimensional stability were poor.
【００２３】[0023]
【発明の効果】本発明により、ガラス廃棄物の再利用量
を多くすることができるのみならず、セラミックス廃棄
物の有効再利用が可能となり、少量のガラス廃棄物のみ
を再利用した場合に比較して高品質のセラミックスの製
造が可能となる。さらに、焼成温度を廃棄物を含まない
一般のセラミックス製品の場合より約100 〜300 ℃低く
することが可能となり、エネルギーの大幅な節減を図る
ことができる。According to the present invention, not only the amount of reuse of glass waste can be increased, but also the effective reuse of ceramic waste becomes possible, as compared with the case where only a small amount of glass waste is reused. As a result, high-quality ceramics can be manufactured. Further, the firing temperature can be lowered by about 100 to 300 ° C. compared to the case of general ceramic products containing no waste, and a large energy saving can be achieved.
【図１】本発明で製造したタイルの模式斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a tile manufactured by the present invention.
１…溶融したガラス廃棄物粒子の連続相、２…セラミッ
クス廃棄物粒子、３…粘土粒子、４…釉薬。1: continuous phase of molten glass waste particles, 2: ceramic waste particles, 3: clay particles, 4: glaze.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (71)出願人 399011852 オリオン商事株式会社 東京都北区西ヶ原１丁目42番１号 (72)発明者 菊地 健雄 東京都港区元赤坂１丁目２番７号 鹿島建 設株式会社内 (72)発明者 芋生 誠 東京都調布市飛田給２丁目19番１号 鹿島 建設株式会社技術研究所内 (72)発明者 新井 一彦 東京都調布市飛田給２丁目19番１号 鹿島 建設株式会社技術研究所内 (72)発明者 丸山 則義 東京都調布市飛田給２丁目19番１号 鹿島 建設株式会社技術研究所内 (72)発明者 秋田 勝彦 東京都荒川区西日暮里５−11−11 大日ビ ル クリスタルクレイ株式会社内 (72)発明者 小川 計爾 岐阜県土岐市妻木町西山3247の278 丸美 陶料株式会社土岐工場内 (72)発明者 高橋 稔 東京都北区西ヶ原１丁目42番１号 オリオ ン商事株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 4D004 AA18 AA19 AC05 BA02 CA04 CA14 CA30 CA42 CB13 CB15 CB31 4G030 BA25 HA05 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (71) Applicant 399011852 Orion Trading Co., Ltd. 1-42-1 Nishigahara, Kita-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Takeo Kikuchi 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Established Kashima (72) Inventor Makoto Imo 2-9-1-1, Tobita-Shi, Chofu-shi, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd.Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Kazuhiko Arai 2-9-1-1, Tobita-Shi, Chofu-shi, Tokyo Kashima Corporation Inside the Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Noriyoshi Maruyama 2-9-1-1, Tobita-Shi, Chofu-shi, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Katsuhiko Akita 5-11-11 Nishi-Nippori, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo Inside of Crystal Clay Co., Ltd. Who Minoru Takahashi Kita-ku, Tokyo Nishigahara 1-chome No. 42 No. 1 Orio down Shoji Co., Ltd. in the F-term (reference) 4D004 AA18 AA19 AC05 BA02 CA04 CA14 CA30 CA42 CB13 CB15 CB31 4G030 BA25 HA05
Claims (1)
％、（Ｂ）粘土10〜45重量％、（Ｃ）粉砕したセラミッ
クス廃棄物 5〜40重量％、より合計 100重量％の組成物
を調製し、成形、乾燥後、1000〜1200℃で焼成すること
を特徴とするセラミックス製品の製造方法。1. Composition of (A) 50 to 80% by weight of crushed glass waste, (B) 10 to 45% by weight of clay, (C) 5 to 40% by weight of crushed ceramic waste, and a total of 100% by weight. A method for producing a ceramic product, comprising preparing an article, molding, drying, and firing at 1000 to 1200 ° C.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11160847A JP2000351664A (en) | 1999-06-08 | 1999-06-08 | Production of ceramic product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11160847A JP2000351664A (en) | 1999-06-08 | 1999-06-08 | Production of ceramic product |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000351664A true JP2000351664A (en) | 2000-12-19 |
Family
ID=15723700
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11160847A Pending JP2000351664A (en) | 1999-06-08 | 1999-06-08 | Production of ceramic product |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2000351664A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010074309A (en) * | 2001-05-07 | 2001-08-04 | 문병일 | Production method of light weight and multi-pore ceramic using waste glass and mineral resources and the product therefrom |
| JP2007197294A (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-09 | 幹司 ▲高▼嶋 | Method for producing pottery clay firable at 750 to 1,100°c using bottle glass and its cullet and waste bottle glass as main raw material |
| WO2008047395A2 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-04-24 | Rossano Ragazzini | Process for producing thermoformed goods. |
| JP2013227188A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-11-07 | Morio Kawamura | Method for manufacturing building material using recyclable material and building material |
| JP2016503375A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2016-02-04 | ユニヴァーシティ・オヴ・セントラル・ランカシャー | Composite material |
| CN109776066A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-21 | 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 | A kind of ceramic floor drain and preparation method thereof |
-
1999
- 1999-06-08 JP JP11160847A patent/JP2000351664A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010074309A (en) * | 2001-05-07 | 2001-08-04 | 문병일 | Production method of light weight and multi-pore ceramic using waste glass and mineral resources and the product therefrom |
| JP2007197294A (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-09 | 幹司 ▲高▼嶋 | Method for producing pottery clay firable at 750 to 1,100°c using bottle glass and its cullet and waste bottle glass as main raw material |
| WO2008047395A2 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-04-24 | Rossano Ragazzini | Process for producing thermoformed goods. |
| WO2008047395A3 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-09-25 | Rossano Ragazzini | Process for producing thermoformed goods. |
| JP2013227188A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-11-07 | Morio Kawamura | Method for manufacturing building material using recyclable material and building material |
| JP2016503375A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2016-02-04 | ユニヴァーシティ・オヴ・セントラル・ランカシャー | Composite material |
| US10392295B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2019-08-27 | Alusid Limited | Composite material |
| CN109776066A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-21 | 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 | A kind of ceramic floor drain and preparation method thereof |
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