JP2000208161A - Operating method of and operating device for fuel cell - Google Patents
Operating method of and operating device for fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000208161A JP2000208161A JP11008356A JP835699A JP2000208161A JP 2000208161 A JP2000208161 A JP 2000208161A JP 11008356 A JP11008356 A JP 11008356A JP 835699 A JP835699 A JP 835699A JP 2000208161 A JP2000208161 A JP 2000208161A
- Authority
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cell voltage
- standard deviation
- cell
- fuel cell
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、固体高分子電解質
型燃料電池の運転方法及び運転装置に関する。The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for operating a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年の環境問題、特に自動車の排気ガス
による大気汚染や２酸化炭素による地球温暖化の問題に
対して、クリーンな排気及び高効率のエネルギー効率を
可能とする燃料電池技術が注目されている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, fuel cell technology that enables clean exhaust and high-efficiency energy efficiency has been focused on environmental problems, in particular, the problems of air pollution caused by automobile exhaust gas and global warming caused by carbon dioxide. Have been.
【０００３】燃料電池はその燃料となる水素あるいは水
素リッチな改質ガス、及び空気を供給して電気化学反応
を起こし、化学エネルギーを電気にエネルギーに変換す
るエネルギー変換システムである。そしてその中でも、
高い出力密度を有する固体高分子電解質型燃料電池が自
動車などの移動体用電源として注目されている。[0003] A fuel cell is an energy conversion system in which hydrogen or hydrogen-rich reformed gas as the fuel and air are supplied to cause an electrochemical reaction to convert chemical energy into energy. And among them,
2. Description of the Related Art A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell having a high output density has attracted attention as a power source for a mobile body such as an automobile.
【０００４】ところで、燃料電池システムの効率を最大
とするためには、空気供給源の空気圧縮機の負荷を低減
したり、あるいは燃料ガス流量を必要最小限量の供給と
することが考えられ、その場合、燃料電池に供給される
反応ガスは低圧、低流量となる。しかしながら、ある値
以下の低圧、低流量での運転は、セル電圧の低下、反転
を引き起こして燃料電池に損傷を与えることがあり、安
全な運転には好ましくない。In order to maximize the efficiency of the fuel cell system, it is conceivable to reduce the load on the air compressor of the air supply source or to supply the necessary minimum amount of fuel gas flow. In this case, the reaction gas supplied to the fuel cell has a low pressure and a low flow rate. However, operation at a low pressure and a low flow rate below a certain value may cause a decrease in cell voltage or reversal and damage the fuel cell, which is not preferable for safe operation.
【０００５】したがって、燃料電池システムの効率を最
適化し、かつ長期間にわたり燃料電池を損傷させずに運
転するためには、低圧力、低流量条件での安全な電流電
池の運転方法を見い出す必要がある。Therefore, in order to optimize the efficiency of the fuel cell system and to operate the fuel cell without damaging the fuel cell for a long period of time, it is necessary to find a safe method of operating the current cell under low pressure and low flow conditions. is there.
【０００６】このため、従来の燃料電池の運転方法のひ
とつとして、スタック電圧あるいはセル電圧をモニター
し、これが一定値を下回る場合には燃料電池スタックの
運転を中止したり、あるいはスタック電圧やセル電圧が
回復するように負荷を低減したり、ガス流量、ガス圧力
を増やしたりする制御方法が知られている（特開平７−
２７２７３６号公報、特開平８−１６７４２１号公
報）。なお、ここでスタック電圧とは、燃料ガスと空気
を固体高分子電解質の高分子イオン交換膜を介して電気
化学的に反応させることにより起電力を得る単電池（セ
ル）を複数積層して構成される固体高分子膜型燃料電池
の全体の電圧を意味し、セル電圧の総和である。For this reason, as one of the conventional fuel cell operation methods, the stack voltage or the cell voltage is monitored, and when this value falls below a certain value, the operation of the fuel cell stack is stopped, or the stack voltage or the cell voltage is reduced. A control method for reducing the load and increasing the gas flow rate and the gas pressure so that the pressure is restored is known (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-1995).
272736, JP-A-8-167421). Here, the stack voltage means a stack of a plurality of cells (cells) that obtain an electromotive force by electrochemically reacting a fuel gas and air through a polymer ion exchange membrane of a solid polymer electrolyte. This is the total voltage of the solid polymer membrane fuel cell used, and is the sum of the cell voltages.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、スタッ
ク電圧あるいはセル電圧が所定の下限値を下回らない場
合においても、セル電圧のばらつきが大きくなれば、ス
タック電圧が急激に減少する確率が高く、その結果、ス
タックを安全に運転できない場合があるので、単にスタ
ック電圧あるいはセル電圧をモニターするだけでは不十
分な場合がある。However, even when the stack voltage or the cell voltage does not fall below a predetermined lower limit, if the cell voltage varies greatly, there is a high probability that the stack voltage will decrease rapidly. In some cases, simply monitoring the stack voltage or the cell voltage may not be sufficient because the stack may not be operated safely.
【０００８】また、燃料電池システムを効率よく運転す
るためには空気圧縮機の負荷による電力低下分を考慮
し、なるべく低空気流量と低圧力での燃料電池の運転を
行う必要があるが、そのような要求に対して単にスタッ
ク電圧あるいはセル電圧をモニターするだけでは十分な
指標とはなり得ない。Further, in order to operate the fuel cell system efficiently, it is necessary to operate the fuel cell at a low air flow rate and low pressure as much as possible in consideration of the power reduction due to the load of the air compressor. For such demands, simply monitoring the stack voltage or cell voltage cannot be a sufficient index.
【０００９】燃料電池においては、水素と酸素が結合し
て生ずる水が燃料電池セル内部でガス流路を詰まらせ、
その結果、ガスの供給不足を招く場合、また、供給ガス
量が負荷として取出す電流値から計算される理論ガス消
費量より少ない場合、さらには、固体高分子膜型燃料電
池に特有な高分子イオン交換膜への加湿が十分でなく、
その結果、膜が乾燥して高抵抗となる場合、またさらに
は、高分子イオン交換膜と電極触媒の経時劣化による場
合など、様々な原因でセル電圧が低下し、そのばらつき
が大きくなる。In a fuel cell, water generated by the combination of hydrogen and oxygen blocks the gas flow path inside the fuel cell,
As a result, when a gas supply shortage occurs, or when the supplied gas amount is smaller than the theoretical gas consumption calculated from the current value taken out as a load, furthermore, a polymer ion specific to the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is used. Insufficient humidification of the exchange membrane
As a result, the cell voltage is reduced due to various causes such as a case where the membrane is dried to have a high resistance, and furthermore, a case where the polymer ion exchange membrane and the electrode catalyst are deteriorated with time, and the variation is increased.
【００１０】さらに、セル電圧の低下の態様において
も、複数のセル電圧のうちの１つだけが極端に低下する
場合、あるいは、多くのセル電圧が同時にばらつく場合
など、様々なパターンがあり、それぞれに対して大まか
なセル電圧のばらつきの原因が推定されることもある
が、必ずしも１対１に対応するわけではない。[0010] Further, in the mode of the cell voltage drop, there are various patterns such as a case where only one of a plurality of cell voltages drops extremely or a case where many cell voltages vary simultaneously. However, the cause of the rough cell voltage variation may be estimated, but does not always correspond one-to-one.
【００１１】一方、セル電圧のばらつきを解消させる方
法として、負荷電流を低減させる方法、空気圧縮機から
の空気流量を増加させるか、あるいは空気圧力を増加さ
せる方法、さらには、燃料ガス流量を増加させるか、あ
るいは燃料ガス圧力を増加させる方法がある。On the other hand, as a method for eliminating the variation in the cell voltage, a method of reducing the load current, a method of increasing the air flow rate from the air compressor or increasing the air pressure, and further increasing the fuel gas flow rate Or increasing the fuel gas pressure.
【００１２】しかしながら、セル電圧のばらつきの原因
は必ずしも１つではないことがあり、セル電圧のばらつ
きを抑える方法も上記の方法のいずれか１つだけでな
く、２つあるいは３つ全部を組み合わせて用いる方が有
効な場合もある。However, the cause of the cell voltage variation is not always one, and the method of suppressing the cell voltage variation is not limited to any one of the above methods, but may be a combination of two or all three. In some cases, it is more effective to use them.
【００１３】他方、セル電圧のばらつきの測定では、ス
タックのすべてのセル電圧をモニターし、それの標準偏
差を求めることができるが、燃料電池セルを２つ、３つ
と少数のグループに分け、その２セル電圧あるいは３セ
ル電圧をモニターし、その標準偏差を求め、これを制御
用の指標値とすることができる。またセル電圧信号をい
くつ利用するかは、スタックセル数の数や信号処理回路
の機能に合わせてシステムごとに決めることができる。On the other hand, in the measurement of the cell voltage variation, all the cell voltages of the stack can be monitored and the standard deviation thereof can be obtained. However, the fuel cells are divided into a small number of groups such as two, three, and the like. The two-cell voltage or the three-cell voltage is monitored, its standard deviation is obtained, and this can be used as an index value for control. The number of cell voltage signals to be used can be determined for each system according to the number of stacked cells and the function of the signal processing circuit.
【００１４】セル電圧のばらつきを抑制する制御を実現
するためには、セル電圧信号を演算処理回路に入力して
その標準偏差を求め、その値に対してあらかじめ定めた
ある所定値を上回らず、かつその所定値を追従するよう
に電流、ガス流量あるいはガス圧力を制御する方式を採
用することができる。その場合、所定値は、例えば図２
及び図３に示すようなセル電圧標準偏差−空気ストイキ
値の特性グラフから決めることができる。In order to realize the control for suppressing the variation of the cell voltage, a cell voltage signal is inputted to an arithmetic processing circuit to determine its standard deviation, and the value does not exceed a predetermined value. In addition, a method of controlling the current, the gas flow rate, or the gas pressure so as to follow the predetermined value can be adopted. In this case, the predetermined value is, for example, as shown in FIG.
And a cell voltage standard deviation-air stoichiometric characteristic graph as shown in FIG.
【００１５】図３から明らかなように、空気ストイキ値
（＝空気供給量／空気消費量）が２〜４程度の範囲では
セル電圧はばらつかず、標準偏差も小さい値であるが、
空気ストイキ値が１．５程度以下になると徐々にセル電
圧はばらつき始め、セル電圧の標準偏差も増加してい
く。このとき、図２に示したように、標準偏差がある所
定値Tctrよりも小さい範囲で燃料電池を運転することに
より、燃料電池を損傷させることなく運転することがで
きる。As is apparent from FIG. 3, when the air stoichiometric value (= air supply amount / air consumption amount) is in the range of about 2 to 4, the cell voltage does not vary and the standard deviation is a small value.
When the air stoichiometric value becomes about 1.5 or less, the cell voltage gradually starts to fluctuate, and the standard deviation of the cell voltage also increases. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, by operating the fuel cell in a range where the standard deviation is smaller than a predetermined value Tctr, it is possible to operate the fuel cell without damaging the fuel cell.
【００１６】ここで、空気ストイキ値に対するセル電圧
の標準偏差を選んだ理由は、次による。燃料電池システ
ムの効率は空気圧縮機の負荷に大きく依存するが、空気
流量が小さいほど空気圧縮機の負荷が減少し、その結
果、燃料電池システム全体の効率を増加させることがで
きるので、空気ストイキ値は燃料電池システム効率と相
関付けることができるからである。The reason why the standard deviation of the cell voltage with respect to the air stoichiometric value is selected is as follows. Although the efficiency of the fuel cell system largely depends on the load on the air compressor, the smaller the air flow rate, the lower the load on the air compressor. As a result, the efficiency of the entire fuel cell system can be increased. This is because the value can be correlated with the fuel cell system efficiency.
【００１７】燃料電池システムは低空気量である程好ま
しいが、低流量である程セル電圧がばらつき、場合によ
ってはセル電圧の反転を起こし、その結果、セル及びス
タックに損傷を与えることになる。しかし、セル電圧の
標準偏差が所定値を上回らないように制御すれば、燃料
電池を損傷することなく安全に運転することが可能であ
り、その上、その所定値に追従するように燃料電池を運
転すれば、燃料電池システムの効率を上げることが可能
である。Although a fuel cell system with a lower air flow is preferable, a lower flow rate causes the cell voltage to fluctuate, possibly causing a reversal of the cell voltage, resulting in damage to the cell and the stack. However, if the standard deviation of the cell voltage is controlled so as not to exceed a predetermined value, it is possible to operate safely without damaging the fuel cell, and furthermore, the fuel cell is operated so as to follow the predetermined value. If operated, the efficiency of the fuel cell system can be increased.
【００１８】このような、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
をそのセル電圧の標準偏差が所定値を上回らず、かつ、
その所定値に追従する運転は、燃料電池から取出す電流
を電流制御手段によって調整し、空気圧縮機からの空気
流量あるいは空気圧力を調整し、あるいは、燃料ガス流
量あるいは燃料ガス圧力を調整することによって達成す
ることができる。In such a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, the standard deviation of the cell voltage does not exceed a predetermined value, and
The operation following the predetermined value is performed by adjusting the current drawn from the fuel cell by the current control means, adjusting the air flow rate or air pressure from the air compressor, or adjusting the fuel gas flow rate or fuel gas pressure. Can be achieved.
【００１９】本発明はこのような技術的課題に鑑みてな
されたもので、燃料電池のセル電圧のばらつきの指標と
なる標準偏差を監視し、負荷電流、空気流量又は空気圧
力、あるいは燃料ガス流量又は燃料ガス圧力のような諸
指標を制御しながらセル電圧のばらつきが一定の値以下
になるように燃料電池を運転することにより、燃料電池
システムを効率よく、かつ安全に運転することができる
燃料電池の運転方法及び運転装置を提供することを目的
とする。The present invention has been made in view of such a technical problem, and monitors a standard deviation which is an indicator of a variation in cell voltage of a fuel cell, and measures a load current, an air flow rate or an air pressure, or a fuel gas flow rate. Alternatively, by controlling various indicators such as fuel gas pressure and operating the fuel cell so that the variation of the cell voltage is equal to or less than a certain value, the fuel that can efficiently and safely operate the fuel cell system can be obtained. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for operating a battery.
【００２０】[0020]
【課題を解決するための手段】請求項１の発明の燃料電
池の運転方法は、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル電
圧を監視し、前記セル電圧の標準偏差を継続的に演算
し、前記セル電圧の標準偏差がある所定値を上回らず、
かつ当該所定値に追従するように、負荷の電流を制御す
るものであり、これにより、固体高分子電解質型燃料電
池システムの効率を高め、かつ燃料電池が損傷を受けな
いで長期間継続して運転できるようにする。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of operating a fuel cell, wherein a cell voltage of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is monitored, and a standard deviation of the cell voltage is continuously calculated. The standard deviation of the cell voltage does not exceed a certain value,
In addition, the current of the load is controlled so as to follow the predetermined value, thereby increasing the efficiency of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system and maintaining the fuel cell for a long time without being damaged. Be able to drive.
【００２１】請求項２の発明の燃料電池の運転方法は、
固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル電圧を監視し、前記
セル電圧の標準偏差を継続的に演算し、前記セル電圧の
標準偏差がある所定値を上回らず、かつ当該所定値に追
従するように、空気圧縮機からの空気流量又は空気圧力
を制御するものであり、これにより、固体高分子電解質
型燃料電池システムの効率を高め、かつ燃料電池が損傷
を受けないで長期間継続して運転できるようにする。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell operating method comprising:
The cell voltage of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is monitored, the standard deviation of the cell voltage is continuously calculated, and the standard deviation of the cell voltage does not exceed a certain predetermined value, and follows the predetermined value. Controlling the flow rate or pressure of the air from the air compressor, thereby increasing the efficiency of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system and allowing the fuel cell to operate continuously without damage for a long period of time. To do.
【００２２】請求項３の発明の燃料電池の運転方法は、
固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル電圧を監視し、前記
セル電圧の標準偏差を継続的に演算し、前記セル電圧の
標準偏差がある所定値を上回らず、かつ当該所定値に追
従するように、燃料ガス流量又は燃料ガス圧力を制御す
るものであり、これにより、固体高分子電解質型燃料電
池システムの効率を高め、かつ燃料電池が損傷を受けな
いで長期間継続して運転できるようにする。A method for operating a fuel cell according to a third aspect of the present invention comprises:
The cell voltage of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is monitored, the standard deviation of the cell voltage is continuously calculated, and the standard deviation of the cell voltage does not exceed a certain predetermined value, and follows the predetermined value. Controlling the fuel gas flow rate or the fuel gas pressure, thereby increasing the efficiency of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system and enabling the fuel cell to operate continuously without damage for a long period of time. .
【００２３】請求項４の発明の燃料電池の運転装置は、
固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル電圧を監視する電圧
モニターと、前記電圧モニターの出力する前記セル電圧
の標準偏差を継続的に演算する演算手段と、前記演算手
段の演算する前記セル電圧の標準偏差がある所定値を上
回らず、かつ当該所定値に追従するように、負荷の電流
を制御する制御手段とを備えたものである。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an operating device for a fuel cell,
A voltage monitor for monitoring a cell voltage of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell; a calculating means for continuously calculating a standard deviation of the cell voltage output from the voltage monitor; and a standard for the cell voltage calculated by the calculating means. Control means for controlling the load current so that the deviation does not exceed a predetermined value and follows the predetermined value.
【００２４】請求項４の発明の燃料電池の運転装置で
は、電圧モニターで燃料電池のセル電圧を監視し、演算
手段によってセル電圧の標準偏差を継続的に演算し、制
御手段により、燃料電池のセル電圧のばらつきの指標と
なるセル電圧の標準偏差が一定の値以下になるように、
負荷から取出す電流を制御しながら運転することによ
り、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池システムの効率を高
め、かつ燃料電池が損傷を受けないで長期間継続して運
転できるようにする。In the fuel cell operating device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the cell monitor of the fuel cell is monitored by the voltage monitor, the standard deviation of the cell voltage is continuously calculated by the calculation means, and the control means is controlled by the control means. In order that the standard deviation of the cell voltage, which is an index of the cell voltage variation, becomes a certain value or less,
By operating while controlling the current drawn from the load, the efficiency of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system is increased, and the fuel cell can be operated continuously for a long period without damage.
【００２５】請求項５の発明の燃料電池の運転装置は、
固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル電圧を監視する電圧
モニターと、前記電圧モニターの出力する前記セル電圧
の標準偏差を継続的に演算する演算手段と、前記演算手
段の演算する前記セル電圧の標準偏差がある所定値を上
回らず、かつ当該所定値に追従するように、空気圧縮機
からの空気流量又は空気圧力を制御する制御手段とを備
えたものである。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell operating device comprising:
A voltage monitor for monitoring a cell voltage of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell; a calculating means for continuously calculating a standard deviation of the cell voltage output from the voltage monitor; and a standard for the cell voltage calculated by the calculating means. Control means for controlling an air flow rate or an air pressure from the air compressor so that the deviation does not exceed a predetermined value and follows the predetermined value.
【００２６】請求項５の発明の燃料電池の運転装置で
は、電圧モニターで燃料電池のセル電圧を監視し、演算
手段によってセル電圧の標準偏差を継続的に演算し、制
御手段により、燃料電池のセル電圧のばらつきの指標と
なるセル電圧の標準偏差が一定の値以下になるように、
空気圧縮機からの空気流量又は空気圧力を制御しながら
運転することにより、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池シス
テムの効率を高め、かつ燃料電池が損傷を受けないで長
期間継続して運転できるようにする。In the fuel cell operating device according to the fifth aspect of the invention, the cell monitor of the fuel cell is monitored by the voltage monitor, the standard deviation of the cell voltage is continuously calculated by the calculating means, and the control means is controlled by the control means. In order that the standard deviation of the cell voltage, which is an index of the cell voltage variation, becomes a certain value or less,
By operating while controlling the air flow rate or air pressure from the air compressor, the efficiency of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system can be increased, and the fuel cell can be operated continuously for a long time without damage. I do.
【００２７】請求項６の発明の燃料電池の運転装置は、
固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル電圧を監視する電圧
モニターと、前記電圧モニターの出力する前記セル電圧
の標準偏差を継続的に演算する演算手段と、前記演算手
段の演算する前記セル電圧の標準偏差がある所定値を上
回らず、かつ当該所定値に追従するように、燃料ガス流
量又は燃料ガス圧力を制御する制御手段とを備えたもの
である。A fuel cell operating device according to a sixth aspect of the present invention comprises:
A voltage monitor for monitoring a cell voltage of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell; a calculating means for continuously calculating a standard deviation of the cell voltage output from the voltage monitor; and a standard for the cell voltage calculated by the calculating means. Control means for controlling the fuel gas flow rate or the fuel gas pressure so that the deviation does not exceed a predetermined value and follows the predetermined value.
【００２８】請求項６の発明の燃料電池の運転装置で
は、電圧モニターで燃料電池のセル電圧を監視し、演算
手段によってセル電圧の標準偏差を継続的に演算し、制
御手段により、燃料電池のセル電圧のばらつきの指標と
なるセル電圧の標準偏差が一定の値以下になるように、
燃料ガス流量又は燃料ガス圧力を制御しながら運転する
ことにより、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池システムの効
率を高め、かつ燃料電池が損傷を受けないで長期間継続
して運転できるようにする。In the fuel cell operating device according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the cell monitor of the fuel cell is monitored by the voltage monitor, the standard deviation of the cell voltage is continuously calculated by the calculation means, and the control means is controlled by the control means. In order that the standard deviation of the cell voltage, which is an index of the cell voltage variation, becomes a certain value or less,
By operating while controlling the fuel gas flow rate or the fuel gas pressure, the efficiency of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system is enhanced, and the fuel cell can be operated continuously for a long period without damage.
【００２９】[0029]
【発明の効果】請求項１〜３の発明の燃料電池の運転方
法によれば、燃料電池のセル電圧のばらつきの指標とな
る標準偏差を監視し、セル電圧のばらつきが一定の値以
下になるように、負荷から取出す電流、空気圧縮機から
の空気流量又は空気圧力、あるいは、燃料ガス流量又は
燃料ガス圧力を制御しながら運転するので、固体高分子
電解質型燃料電池システムの効率を高め、かつ燃料電池
が損傷を受けないで長期間継続して運転できる。According to the fuel cell operating method of the present invention, the standard deviation which is an index of the cell voltage variation of the fuel cell is monitored, and the cell voltage variation becomes equal to or less than a certain value. As described above, since the operation is performed while controlling the current taken from the load, the air flow rate or the air pressure from the air compressor, or the fuel gas flow rate or the fuel gas pressure, the efficiency of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system is increased, and Long-term operation without fuel cell damage.
【００３０】請求項４〜６の発明の燃料電池の運転装置
によれば、電圧モニターで燃料電池のセル電圧を監視
し、演算手段によってセル電圧の標準偏差を継続的に演
算し、制御手段により、燃料電池のセル電圧のばらつき
の指標となるセル電圧の標準偏差が一定の値以下になる
ように、負荷から取出す電流、空気圧縮機からの空気流
量又は空気圧力、あるいは、燃料ガス流量又は燃料ガス
圧力を制御しながら運転することができ、固体高分子電
解質型燃料電池システムの効率を高め、かつ燃料電池が
損傷を受けないで長期間継続して運転できる。According to the fuel cell operating device of the present invention, the cell monitor of the fuel cell is monitored by the voltage monitor, the standard deviation of the cell voltage is continuously calculated by the calculation means, and the control means is controlled by the control means. The current drawn from the load, the air flow rate or air pressure from the air compressor, or the fuel gas flow rate or fuel so that the standard deviation of the cell voltage as an index of the cell voltage variation of the fuel cell becomes a certain value or less. The operation can be performed while controlling the gas pressure, the efficiency of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system can be enhanced, and the fuel cell can be operated continuously for a long time without being damaged.
【００３１】[0031]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を図に
基づいて詳説する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
【００３２】図１は、本発明の１つの実施の形態の燃料
電池の運転装置の構成を示している。固体高分子電解質
型燃料電池の適数体を積層して構成されている燃料電池
スタック１に対して、そのセル電圧を継続的に監視する
セル電圧モニター２と、このセル電圧モニター２の検出
するセル電圧に対する標準偏差を演算し、所定の比較値
と比較して燃料電池スタック１の状態を判断するセル電
圧標準偏差判断部３と、このセル電圧標準偏差判断部３
の判断結果に基づき、負荷５の電流を制御する制御ユニ
ット４が備えられている。FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a fuel cell operating device according to one embodiment of the present invention. A cell voltage monitor 2 for continuously monitoring the cell voltage of a fuel cell stack 1 formed by stacking an appropriate number of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and the cell voltage monitor 2 detects the cell voltage. A cell voltage standard deviation judging unit 3 for calculating a standard deviation with respect to the cell voltage and comparing the cell voltage with a predetermined comparison value to judge the state of the fuel cell stack 1, and a cell voltage standard deviation judging unit 3
Is provided with a control unit 4 for controlling the current of the load 5 based on the judgment result.
【００３３】また、燃料電池スタック１に対して空気圧
縮機６と燃料供給装置７が設けられていて、これらから
それぞれ、流量計８ａ，８ｂ、遮断弁９ａ，９ｂを介し
て空気と燃料ガスを燃料電池スタック１に供給するよう
に配管されている。さらに、燃料電池スタック１に接続
された排気用配管上には制御弁１２ａ，１２ｂが設けら
れ、これから排燃料ガス、排空気の流量を制御しながら
を排出するように構成されている。１０ａ，１０ｂは圧
力計、１１は温度計である。Further, an air compressor 6 and a fuel supply device 7 are provided for the fuel cell stack 1, and air and fuel gas are supplied therefrom via flow meters 8a, 8b and shut-off valves 9a, 9b, respectively. The pipe is provided to supply the fuel cell stack 1. Further, control valves 12a and 12b are provided on the exhaust pipe connected to the fuel cell stack 1, and are configured to discharge the exhaust gas while controlling the flow rates of the exhaust fuel gas and the exhaust air. 10a and 10b are pressure gauges, and 11 is a thermometer.
【００３４】なお、この実施の形態では、制御ユニット
４は、負荷電流の制御のみならず、遮断弁９ａ，９ｂ、
そして制御弁１２ａ，１２ｂを制御するようにしてあ
る。In this embodiment, the control unit 4 controls not only the load current but also the shutoff valves 9a, 9b,
Then, the control valves 12a and 12b are controlled.
【００３５】次に、上記の構成の燃料電池の運転装置の
動作について説明する。ここではまず、本発明の運転制
御の原理を説明する。図２は固体高分子電解質型燃料電
池スタックで得られた空気ストイキ値（＝空気供給量／
空気消費量）と３セル電圧の標準偏差との関係を示した
グラフである。供給ガス圧力１．５ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 、電流
１８０Ａに対して、空気ストイキ値を下げていくと、３
セル電圧はばらつき始め、その標準偏差は次第に増加す
るが、標準偏差値がある値Tctr以下であれば、燃料電池
スタックは安全に、かつ安定して運転することができ
る。この標準偏差に対応する値Tctrを実験的に求め、こ
の値を所定値とする。Next, the operation of the fuel cell operating device having the above configuration will be described. Here, the principle of the operation control of the present invention will be described first. FIG. 2 shows the air stoichiometry value (= air supply amount / air supply amount) obtained by the polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack.
5 is a graph showing the relationship between the air consumption) and the standard deviation of the three-cell voltage. When the air stoichiometric value is reduced for a supply gas pressure of 1.5 kg / cm 2 and a current of 180 A, 3
The cell voltage starts to fluctuate and its standard deviation gradually increases, but if the standard deviation value is equal to or less than a certain value Tctr, the fuel cell stack can operate safely and stably. A value Tctr corresponding to this standard deviation is experimentally obtained, and this value is set as a predetermined value.
【００３６】供給ガス圧力及び電流値に対してこの標準
偏差の値Tctrは変化するが、必要に応じて図２に示すグ
ラフと同様のグラフを実験データに基づいて描き、標準
偏差が急激に立ち上がる近傍の値を標準偏差の所定値Tc
trとすることができる。The value Tctr of the standard deviation changes with respect to the supply gas pressure and the current value. If necessary, a graph similar to the graph shown in FIG. 2 is drawn based on experimental data, and the standard deviation rises sharply. The standard value is the standard deviation Tc
tr.
【００３７】図３は比較的小さな空気ストイキ値（Ｓ
Ｒ）１．４、水素ストイキ値（ＳＲ）１．２の場合と、
大きな空気ストイキ値（ＳＲ）２．０と、水素ストイキ
値（ＳＲ）１．２の場合における、３セル電圧のばらつ
きの様子を示している。FIG. 3 shows a relatively small air stoichiometric value (S
R) 1.4, hydrogen stoichiometric value (SR) 1.2,
This shows how the three-cell voltage varies when the air stoichiometric value (SR) is 2.0 and the hydrogen stoichiometric value (SR) is 1.2.
【００３８】図３（ｂ）に示すように、空気流量が大き
な空気ストイキ値２．０の場合では、大きな電流（電流
値が２４０Ａ）でもセル電圧のばらつきは小さく、また
その標準偏差も小さいが、同図（ａ）に示すように、空
気流量が小さな空気ストイキ値１．４で、かつ電流値が
大きい場合には、セル電圧がばらつき、燃料電池スタッ
クは不安定な運転状態となり、その状態での運転は燃料
電池スタックの損傷につながる恐れがあり、好ましくな
い。As shown in FIG. 3 (b), when the air flow rate is large and the air stoichiometric value is 2.0, the variation in cell voltage is small even at a large current (current value is 240A) and the standard deviation is small. As shown in FIG. 3A, when the air flow rate is small, the air stoichiometric value is 1.4, and the current value is large, the cell voltage fluctuates, and the fuel cell stack enters an unstable operation state. Operation in the fuel cell stack may lead to damage to the fuel cell stack, which is not preferable.
【００３９】そこで、この図２及び図３に示したセル電
圧の標準偏差の空気ストイキ値に対する特性から、次の
制御が可能となる。Therefore, the following control is possible from the characteristics of the standard deviation of the cell voltage with respect to the air stoichiometric value shown in FIGS.
【００４０】（１）負荷電流を小さくすれば標準偏差を
抑えることができる。(1) The standard deviation can be suppressed by reducing the load current.
【００４１】（２）負荷電流が一定であれば、空気流量
を大きくすることによって標準偏差を抑えることができ
る。(2) If the load current is constant, the standard deviation can be suppressed by increasing the air flow rate.
【００４２】さらに、ここでは示されていないが、燃料
ガス流量を大きくすることによって標準偏差を抑えるこ
とができる。Although not shown here, the standard deviation can be suppressed by increasing the fuel gas flow rate.
【００４３】このような燃料電池の運転制御指針に基づ
き、本発明の燃料電池の運転方法及び運転装置は、次の
ようにして燃料電池スタックの運転を制御し、セル電圧
のばらつきを抑制し、効率的で、かつ、燃料電池を損傷
しない運転を実現するのである。Based on such fuel cell operation control guidelines, the fuel cell operation method and operation apparatus of the present invention controls the operation of the fuel cell stack as described below, suppresses cell voltage variations, The operation is efficient and does not damage the fuel cell.
【００４４】装置燃料電池スタック１はセル電圧モニタ
ー２によってそのセル電圧が監視され、このセル電圧モ
ニター２の出力するセル電圧信号はセル電圧標準偏差判
断部３に与えられ、セル電圧標準偏差判断部３では、セ
ル電圧信号からセル電圧標準偏差を継続的に演算し、そ
の値を所定値Tctrと比較し、標準偏差が所定値を超えて
いないかどうかに基づき、燃料電池スタック１の動作状
態を判断する。The cell voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 is monitored by a cell voltage monitor 2, and a cell voltage signal output from the cell voltage monitor 2 is supplied to a cell voltage standard deviation judging unit 3. In 3, the cell voltage standard deviation is continuously calculated from the cell voltage signal, the value is compared with a predetermined value Tctr, and based on whether the standard deviation does not exceed the predetermined value, the operation state of the fuel cell stack 1 is determined. to decide.
【００４５】一方、燃料電池スタック１には酸化剤とし
て空気が、空気圧縮機６から流量計８ａ、遮断弁９ａを
経て供給され、スタック１で消費された後、その排空気
が制御弁１２ａを経て大気へ開放される。また、燃料電
池スタック１には、燃料として水素あるいは改質ガスが
燃料ガスとして燃料供給装置７から流量計８ｂ、遮断弁
９ｂを経て供給され、スタック１で消費された後、その
排燃料ガスが制御弁１２ｂを経て燃焼器（図示せず）に
導入されて燃やされるか、あるいは大気へ開放される。On the other hand, air as an oxidant is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 from the air compressor 6 via the flow meter 8a and the shutoff valve 9a, and after being consumed by the stack 1, the exhaust air is supplied to the control valve 12a. After being released to the atmosphere. Hydrogen or reformed gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 as a fuel gas from the fuel supply device 7 via a flow meter 8b and a shutoff valve 9b. It is introduced into a combustor (not shown) through the control valve 12b and burned, or is opened to the atmosphere.
【００４６】燃料電池スタック１に供給される空気流量
と燃料ガス流量は流量計８ａ，８ｂで計測され、燃料電
池スタック１に供給される空気圧力と燃料ガス圧力とは
圧力計１０ａ，１０ｂで計測される。燃料電池スタック
１から取り出される電流は、負荷５によって決められ
る。また、燃料電池スタック１への空気及び燃料ガスの
供給は必要な場合、遮断弁９ａ，９ｂによって遮断され
る。The flow rates of air and fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 are measured by flow meters 8a and 8b, and the air pressure and fuel gas pressure supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 are measured by pressure gauges 10a and 10b. Is done. The current drawn from the fuel cell stack 1 is determined by the load 5. The supply of air and fuel gas to the fuel cell stack 1 is shut off by shut-off valves 9a and 9b when necessary.
【００４７】セル電圧モニター２の信号を受けて、セル
電圧標準偏差判断部３は継続的にセル電圧標準偏差を演
算し、それが所定値Tctrに対してある値以内まで近づい
ていないかどうか判断し、この判断結果を継続的に制御
ユニット４に伝える。制御ユニット４は、セル電圧標準
偏差が所定値に対してある値以内になるまで近づいた場
合には、電流を減少させるように負荷５へ信号を送り、
また所定値に対してある値以上離れれば電流を増加させ
るように負荷５へ信号を送り、燃料電池スタック１をそ
のセル電圧が所定の標準偏差Tctr以下に収まるように制
御しながら運転する。In response to the signal from the cell voltage monitor 2, the cell voltage standard deviation judging section 3 continuously calculates the cell voltage standard deviation, and judges whether or not the cell voltage standard deviation approaches a predetermined value Tctr within a certain value. Then, the determination result is continuously transmitted to the control unit 4. The control unit 4 sends a signal to the load 5 to decrease the current when the cell voltage standard deviation approaches a predetermined value to be within a certain value,
Further, when the fuel cell stack 1 is separated from the predetermined value by a certain value or more, a signal is sent to the load 5 so as to increase the current, and the fuel cell stack 1 is operated while controlling the cell voltage so as to be within a predetermined standard deviation Tctr.
【００４８】なお、セル電圧モニター２の信号を受け、
セル電圧標準偏差判断部３がセル電圧標準偏差を継続的
に演算し、それが所定値Tctrに対してある値以内まで近
づいた場合に、制御ユニット４から空気圧縮機６へ空気
流量を増加させるように回転数増加指令を与え、又は圧
力計１０ａが計測する空気供給圧力を一時的に高めるよ
うに制御弁１２ａの開度を小さくさせることにより、セ
ル電圧のばらつきを抑えて所定の標準偏差以下となるよ
うに燃料電池スタック１の運転を制御することもできる
（第２の実施の形態）。It should be noted that upon receiving the signal of the cell voltage monitor 2,
The cell voltage standard deviation determination unit 3 continuously calculates the cell voltage standard deviation, and when the cell voltage standard deviation approaches a predetermined value Tctr within a certain value, the control unit 4 increases the air flow rate to the air compressor 6. Thus, by giving the rotation speed increase command or reducing the opening of the control valve 12a so as to temporarily increase the air supply pressure measured by the pressure gauge 10a, the variation of the cell voltage is suppressed and the predetermined standard deviation or less is suppressed. The operation of the fuel cell stack 1 can also be controlled so as to satisfy the following (second embodiment).
【００４９】さらにまた、セル電圧モニター２の信号を
受け、セル電圧標準偏差判断部３がセル電圧標準偏差を
継続的に演算し、それが所定値Tctrに対してある値以内
まで近づいた場合に、制御ユニット４からの指令信号に
より、負荷５へ取出す電流を０とし、同時に遮断弁９
ａ，９ｂを閉じ、空気及び燃料ガスの供給を停止するこ
とにより燃料電池の損傷を未然に防ぐこともできる。Further, upon receiving the signal from the cell voltage monitor 2, the cell voltage standard deviation judging section 3 continuously calculates the cell voltage standard deviation, and when the cell voltage standard deviation approaches a predetermined value Tctr within a certain value. In response to a command signal from the control unit 4, the current taken out to the load 5 is set to 0,
By closing a and 9b and stopping the supply of air and fuel gas, damage to the fuel cell can be prevented.
【図１】本発明の１つの実施の形態の装置構成を示すブ
ロック図。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an apparatus configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】燃料電池スタックの空気ストイキ値と３セル電
圧の標準偏差との関係を示す特性グラフ。FIG. 2 is a characteristic graph showing a relationship between an air stoichiometric value of a fuel cell stack and a standard deviation of a three-cell voltage.
【図３】燃料電池スタックのセル電圧の時間変動特性を
示すグラフ。FIG. 3 is a graph showing a time variation characteristic of a cell voltage of a fuel cell stack.
１ 燃料電池スタック ２ セル電圧モニター ３ セル電圧標準偏差判断部 ４ 制御ユニット ５ 負荷 ６ 空気圧縮機 ７ 燃料供給装置 ８ａ，８ｂ 流量計 ９ａ，９ｂ 遮断弁 １０ａ，１０ｂ 圧力計 １１ 温度計 １２ａ，１２ｂ 制御弁 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fuel cell stack 2 Cell voltage monitor 3 Cell voltage standard deviation judgment part 4 Control unit 5 Load 6 Air compressor 7 Fuel supply device 8a, 8b Flowmeter 9a, 9b Shutoff valve 10a, 10b Pressure gauge 11 Thermometer 12a, 12b Control valve
Claims (6)
を監視し、 前記セル電圧の標準偏差を継続的に演算し、 前記セル電圧の標準偏差がある所定値を上回らず、かつ
当該所定値に追従するように、負荷の電流を制御するこ
とを特徴とする燃料電池の運転方法。1. A cell voltage of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is monitored, a standard deviation of the cell voltage is continuously calculated, and a standard deviation of the cell voltage does not exceed a predetermined value, and the predetermined value is obtained. A method of operating a fuel cell, comprising: controlling a load current so as to follow the following.
を監視し、 前記セル電圧の標準偏差を継続的に演算し、 前記セル電圧の標準偏差がある所定値を上回らず、かつ
当該所定値に追従するように、空気圧縮機からの空気流
量又は空気圧力を制御することを特徴とする燃料電池の
運転方法。2. A cell voltage of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is monitored, a standard deviation of the cell voltage is continuously calculated, and the standard deviation of the cell voltage does not exceed a predetermined value, and the predetermined value is obtained. A method of operating a fuel cell, comprising controlling an air flow rate or an air pressure from an air compressor so as to follow the following.
を監視し、 前記セル電圧の標準偏差を継続的に演算し、 前記セル電圧の標準偏差がある所定値を上回らず、かつ
当該所定値に追従するように、燃料ガス流量又は燃料ガ
ス圧力を制御することを特徴とする燃料電池の運転方
法。Monitoring a cell voltage of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, continuously calculating a standard deviation of the cell voltage, and determining that the standard deviation of the cell voltage does not exceed a predetermined value and the predetermined value. A fuel gas flow rate or a fuel gas pressure is controlled so as to follow the following.
監視する電圧モニターと、 前記電圧モニターの出力する前記セル電圧の標準偏差を
継続的に演算する演算手段と、 前記演算手段の演算する前記セル電圧の標準偏差がある
所定値を上回らず、かつ当該所定値に追従するように、
負荷の電流を制御する制御手段とを備えて成る燃料電池
の運転装置。4. A voltage monitor for monitoring a cell voltage of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell; a calculating means for continuously calculating a standard deviation of the cell voltage outputted by the voltage monitor; and a calculating means for calculating the calculating means. As the standard deviation of the cell voltage does not exceed a certain predetermined value, and follows the predetermined value,
An operation device for a fuel cell, comprising: control means for controlling a load current.
を監視する電圧モニターと、 前記電圧モニターの出力する前記セル電圧の標準偏差を
継続的に演算する演算手段と、 前記演算手段の演算する前記セル電圧の標準偏差がある
所定値を上回らず、かつ当該所定値に追従するように、
空気圧縮機からの空気流量又は空気圧力を制御する制御
手段とを備えて成る燃料電池の運転装置。5. A voltage monitor for monitoring a cell voltage of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell; a calculating means for continuously calculating a standard deviation of the cell voltage outputted by the voltage monitor; and a calculating means for calculating the calculating means. As the standard deviation of the cell voltage does not exceed a certain predetermined value, and follows the predetermined value,
A control device for controlling the flow rate or pressure of the air from the air compressor.
を監視する電圧モニターと、 前記電圧モニターの出力する前記セル電圧の標準偏差を
継続的に演算する演算手段と、 前記演算手段の演算する前記セル電圧の標準偏差がある
所定値を上回らず、かつ当該所定値に追従するように、
燃料ガス流量又は燃料ガス圧力を制御する制御手段とを
備えて成る燃料電池の運転装置。6. A voltage monitor for monitoring a cell voltage of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a calculating means for continuously calculating a standard deviation of the cell voltage output from the voltage monitor, and a calculating means for calculating the calculating means. As the standard deviation of the cell voltage does not exceed a certain predetermined value, and follows the predetermined value,
A control device for controlling a fuel gas flow rate or a fuel gas pressure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11008356A JP2000208161A (en) | 1999-01-14 | 1999-01-14 | Operating method of and operating device for fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11008356A JP2000208161A (en) | 1999-01-14 | 1999-01-14 | Operating method of and operating device for fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000208161A true JP2000208161A (en) | 2000-07-28 |
Family
ID=11690964
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11008356A Pending JP2000208161A (en) | 1999-01-14 | 1999-01-14 | Operating method of and operating device for fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2000208161A (en) |
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