JP2000167946A - Friction material, and oscillatory wave motor and instrument using the same - Google Patents
Friction material, and oscillatory wave motor and instrument using the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000167946A JP2000167946A JP10349560A JP34956098A JP2000167946A JP 2000167946 A JP2000167946 A JP 2000167946A JP 10349560 A JP10349560 A JP 10349560A JP 34956098 A JP34956098 A JP 34956098A JP 2000167946 A JP2000167946 A JP 2000167946A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- sheet
- wave motor
- vibration wave
- vibrating body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、振動波モータの摩
擦材、それを用いた振動波モータおよび機器に関するも
のである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a friction material for a vibration wave motor, a vibration wave motor using the friction material, and a device.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般に振動波モータは、振動体の表面上
の各点に円又は楕円運動を起こさせ、これに押圧された
接触体を摩擦駆動するものである。2. Description of the Related Art In general, a vibration wave motor causes a circular or elliptical motion at each point on the surface of a vibrating body, and frictionally drives a contact body pressed against the point.
【0003】進行性振動波を利用した振動波モータの原
理的概要は下記のようである。全長がある長さλの整数
倍であるような金属等の弾性体材料でリング状に形成さ
れた弾性体の片面に、周方向に配列された二群の複数個
の圧電素子を接着したものを振動体(ステータ)とす
る。The principle outline of a vibration wave motor using a traveling vibration wave is as follows. A ring-shaped elastic body made of an elastic material such as metal whose total length is an integral multiple of a certain length λ, and two groups of multiple piezoelectric elements arranged in the circumferential direction bonded to one surface of an elastic body. Is a vibrating body (stator).
【0004】これらの圧電素子は、各群内ではλ/2の
ピッチにて、かつ交互に逆の伸縮極性となるように配列
されており、また両群間にはλ/4の奇数倍のずれがあ
るように配列されている。圧電素子の両群にはそれぞれ
電極膜が施されている。These piezoelectric elements are arranged in each group at a pitch of λ / 2 and alternately have opposite expansion and contraction polarities. Between the two groups, an odd multiple of λ / 4 is provided. They are arranged so that there is a shift. Both groups of piezoelectric elements are provided with electrode films.
【0005】いずれかの一群(以下A相と称す)のみに
交流電圧を印加すれば、上記振動体は、前記A相の各圧
電素子の中央点及びそこからλ/2おきの点が腹の位
置、また前記腹の位置間の中央点が節の位置であるよう
な曲げ振動の定在波(波長λ)が弾性体の全周にわたっ
て発生する。If an AC voltage is applied to only one of the groups (hereinafter, referred to as the A phase), the vibrating body is arranged such that the center point of each of the A phase piezoelectric elements and points every λ / 2 therefrom are located at the antinodes. A standing wave (wavelength λ) of bending vibration is generated over the entire circumference of the elastic body such that the position, or the center point between the antinode positions, is the position of the node.
【0006】また、他の一群(以下B相と称す)のみに
交流電圧を印加すると、同様に定在波が発生するが、そ
の腹及び節の位置はA相による定在波に対して、位置的
にλ/4ずれた位相になる。When an AC voltage is applied only to another group (hereinafter, referred to as a B phase), a standing wave is similarly generated. The phase is shifted by λ / 4 in position.
【0007】両A、B相に、周波数が同じで、かつ互い
に90°の時間的位相差を有する交番信号を同時に印加
すると、両者の定在波の合成の結果、弾性体には周方向
に振動する曲げ振動の進行波(波長λ)が発生し、この
とき、厚みを有する上記弾性体の表面の各点は楕円運動
をする。When alternating signals having the same frequency and having a time phase difference of 90 ° from each other are simultaneously applied to both the A and B phases, as a result of the combination of the standing waves of the two, the elastic body is moved in the circumferential direction. A traveling wave (wavelength λ) of the vibrating bending vibration is generated, and at this time, each point on the surface of the elastic body having a thickness performs an elliptical motion.
【0008】よって、振動体の片面に接触体(例えば移
動体としてのロータ)として、例えばリング状の接触体
を直接加圧接触させておけば、前記接触体は振動体から
の周方向の摩擦力を受け回転駆動される。Accordingly, if a contact body (for example, a rotor as a moving body), for example, a ring-shaped contact body is brought into direct pressure contact with one surface of the vibrating body, the contact body will have circumferential friction from the vibrating body. The rotation is driven by the force.
【0009】[0009]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】振動波モータ用の摩擦
材については従来から多種多様の材料が提案されている
が、上述の特徴を有するものとして、例えば、特開平1
−129781号公報、特開平1−206880号公報
などのようにフッ素樹脂と強化繊維や高分子材料などの
複合材料が耐摩耗性が良く長期の耐久寿命と摩擦係数の
安定性から振動波モータ用の摩擦材に適した材料として
開示されている。A wide variety of friction materials for a vibration wave motor have been proposed in the past. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
Composite materials such as fluororesin and reinforced fiber or polymer material as described in JP-A-1297981, JP-A-1-206880 and the like have excellent abrasion resistance and are suitable for vibration wave motors due to long-term durability and stable friction coefficient. Is disclosed as a material suitable for the friction material.
【0010】また、このようなフッ素樹脂の複合材料を
製造する方法としては、一般に圧縮成形法を利用する方
法が知られている。これはフッ素樹脂粉末と他の材料粉
末を均一に混合し、金型に充填後プレスにて成形し、通
常円筒状の成形体を作り、その後成形体をフッ素樹脂の
融点以上で焼成し、焼成後、焼成体の外周面を切削加工
により、円筒状の外周面をあたかもトイレットペーパー
状に皮をむくように削りとり、シート状の複合材料を得
る方法である。そしてシート化した後に、このシートを
適当な大きさに打ち抜き、振動体または接触体に接着し
摩擦材として使うことが試みられている。As a method for producing such a fluororesin composite material, a method utilizing a compression molding method is generally known. This involves uniformly mixing the fluororesin powder and other material powders, filling them into a mold and pressing them to produce a molded body, usually a cylinder, and then firing the molded body at the melting point of the fluororesin or higher. Thereafter, the outer peripheral surface of the fired body is cut by cutting to remove the cylindrical outer peripheral surface as if peeling the toilet paper shape, thereby obtaining a sheet-like composite material. After forming the sheet, it has been attempted to punch the sheet into an appropriate size, adhere to a vibrating body or a contact body, and use the sheet as a friction material.
【0011】しかしながら、上述のシート状のフッ素樹
脂複合材料を振動波モータ用の摩擦材に使用し、振動波
モータを駆動させたところ、摩擦材の表面で異常に多量
の摩耗が発生したり、接着した摩擦材が振動波モータの
駆動中にはがれるなど致命的な問題が発生した。However, when the above-mentioned sheet-like fluororesin composite material is used as a friction material for a vibration wave motor and the vibration wave motor is driven, an abnormally large amount of wear occurs on the surface of the friction material. A fatal problem occurred such as the adhered friction material coming off during driving of the vibration wave motor.
【0012】本発明の目的は、前記した従来技術の問題
の解決を計るもので、切削加工により作成した特定のシ
ート状のフッ素樹脂系材料を振動波モータ用の摩擦材と
して利用することにより、駆動中に摩擦材が接着面から
はがれることもなく、駆動初期に摩擦材が異常に多量の
摩耗を起こすことがない摩耗特性に優れた摩擦材を提供
することを目的とするものである。An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and by using a specific sheet-like fluororesin-based material produced by cutting as a friction material for a vibration wave motor, It is an object of the present invention to provide a friction material excellent in wear characteristics in which the friction material does not peel off from the bonding surface during driving and the friction material does not cause abnormally large amount of wear in the initial stage of driving.
【0013】また、本発明は、安定した駆動が可能で、
高寿命化の振動波モータ及びそれを用いた機器を提供す
ることを目的とするものである。Further, according to the present invention, stable driving is possible,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a vibration wave motor having a long life and a device using the same.
【0014】[0014]
【課題を解決するための手段】即ち、本発明は、振動波
モータの振動波を形成する振動体と、該振動体と摩擦接
触し振動によって前記振動体と相対運動する接触体との
摩擦接触部に用いる摩擦材であり、フッ素樹脂粉末とそ
の他の添加物を圧縮成形したフッ素樹脂を主成分とする
成形体を焼成して焼成体とした後、シート状に切削加工
してシートを形成し、該シートの表面の切削加工により
生じた加工変質層を除去してなることを特徴とする摩擦
材である。That is, the present invention provides a vibrating body for forming a vibration wave of a vibration wave motor, and a frictional contact between the vibrating body and a contact body which is in frictional contact with the vibrating body and moves relative to the vibrating body by vibration. Is a friction material used for the part, and after sintering a molded body mainly composed of a fluororesin obtained by compression-molding a fluororesin powder and other additives into a fired body, a sheet is formed by cutting into a sheet shape. And a friction material obtained by removing a work-affected layer generated by cutting the surface of the sheet.
【0015】前記切削加工によりカールを生じたシート
の凸面側を前記振動体または接触体と接着するのが好ま
しい。前記その他の添加物が無機または有機材料の粉末
または繊維の両方またはいずれか一方であるのが好まし
い。It is preferable that the convex surface side of the sheet curled by the cutting process is bonded to the vibrating body or the contact body. Preferably, the other additives are powders and / or fibers of an inorganic or organic material.
【0016】また、本発明は、振動波を形成する振動体
と、該振動体と摩擦接触し振動によって前記振動体と相
対運動する接触体を有する振動波モータにおいて、前記
振動体又は接触体の少なくとも一方の摩擦接触部に上記
の摩擦材を設けたことを特徴とする振動波モータであ
る。The present invention also provides a vibration wave motor having a vibrating body for forming a vibration wave and a contact body which makes frictional contact with the vibrating body and moves relative to the vibrating body by vibration. A vibration wave motor characterized in that at least one of the friction contact portions is provided with the friction material.
【0017】さらに、本発明は、上記の振動波モータを
駆動源として設けたことを特徴とする機器である。Further, the present invention is an apparatus characterized in that the above-mentioned vibration wave motor is provided as a driving source.
【0018】[0018]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の摩擦材は、振動波モータ
の振動波を形成する振動体と、該振動体と摩擦接触し振
動によって前記振動体と相対運動する接触体との摩擦接
触部に用いる摩擦材であり、フッ素樹脂粉末とその他の
添加物を圧縮成形したフッ素樹脂を主成分とする成形体
を焼成して焼成体とした後、シート状に切削加工してシ
ートを形成し、該シートの表面の切削加工により生じた
加工変質層を除去してなることを特徴とする。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A friction material according to the present invention comprises a vibrating member for forming a vibration wave of a vibration wave motor, and a frictional contact portion between a vibrating member and a contact member which moves relative to the vibrating member due to vibration. A friction material to be used, after firing a molded body mainly composed of a fluororesin obtained by compression-molding a fluororesin powder and other additives to form a fired body, and cutting the sheet into a sheet to form a sheet, The method is characterized in that a damaged layer generated by cutting the surface of the sheet is removed.
【0019】本発明の振動波モータは、該振動波モータ
に振動波を形成する振動体と該振動体と摩擦接触し、振
動によって前記振動体と相対移動する接触体との摩擦接
触部分(摩擦面)に用いる摩擦材として、フッ素樹脂を
主成分としフッ素樹脂粉末とその他の添加物を含有する
フッ素樹脂複合材料を圧縮成形法により円筒形状に成形
し、その後焼成し切削加工により円筒形状の外周面を削
りシート化した後に、適当な大きさの摩擦材として打ち
抜き加工を行った後、その打ち抜いたシートを振動体ま
たは接触体に接着し摩擦材とした後、摩擦材表面の切削
加工により生じた加工変質層を除去して摩擦材として用
いることにより振動波モータを振動した際に起こる異常
な多量の摩耗をなくすことが可能となる。According to the vibration wave motor of the present invention, a vibration member which forms a vibration wave in the vibration wave motor is in frictional contact with the vibration member, and a frictional contact portion (frictional contact) between the vibration member and the contact member relatively moving by vibration. As a friction material used for the surface), a fluororesin composite material containing a fluororesin as a main component and a fluororesin powder and other additives is formed into a cylindrical shape by a compression molding method, and then fired and cut to form a cylindrical outer periphery. After the surface is cut into a sheet and punched as a friction material of an appropriate size, the punched sheet is bonded to a vibrating body or contact body to make it a friction material, and it is generated by cutting the surface of the friction material By removing the work-affected layer and using it as a friction material, it becomes possible to eliminate a large amount of abnormal wear caused when the vibration wave motor is vibrated.
【0020】また、摩擦材は切削加工により、カール
(曲がり)を生じたシートの凸面側を前記振動体または
接触体と接着することにより、接着後のはがれをなくす
ことが可能となる。In addition, the friction material is bonded to the vibrating body or the contact body on the convex side of the curled (curved) sheet by cutting, so that peeling after bonding can be eliminated.
【0021】さらにフッ素樹脂以外に粉末または繊維の
両方またはどちらか一方を添加した摩擦材は摩擦材の摩
擦、摩耗特性をさらに良好にすることが可能で摩耗量の
低減が計れる。Further, the friction material to which powder and / or fiber is added in addition to the fluororesin can further improve the friction and wear characteristics of the friction material and can reduce the amount of wear.
【0022】以下、本発明を図面に基づいて説明する。
図1は本発明の振動波モータの一実施の形態を示す断面
図である。図中、1は振動体でステンレス鋼からなるリ
ング状の金属弾性体3の一端面に、前述の様にリング状
で複数個に分極された2群の圧電素子4を耐熱性のエボ
キシ樹脂系接着剤で接着し、金属弾性体3のもう一方の
端面には摩擦材5を同様に接着して形成した。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the vibration wave motor of the present invention. In the drawing, reference numeral 1 denotes a vibrating body, and two groups of ring-shaped polarized piezoelectric elements 4 as described above are heat-resistant on an end surface of a ring-shaped metal elastic body 3 made of stainless steel. A friction material 5 was similarly adhered to the other end face of the metal elastic body 3 by using an adhesive.
【0023】一方、移動体2側のアルミニウム合金から
なるリング状の接触体6の摩擦摺動面には摩擦材6aを
設けてある。接触体6はゴムリング7を介して支持体8
に取付けてあり、支持体8はネジ11により出力軸12
に固定されている。そして、振動体1の摩擦材5と接触
体6の摩擦材6aは接触して摩擦摺動面を形成し、加圧
用の板バネ16により、軸方向に総圧で5kgfの荷重
で加圧されている。9はベアリング、13は振動体を固
定するプレート、14、15は与圧カラー、17はカラ
ーでネジ11aにより出力軸12に固定されている。1
8はカバーである。On the other hand, a friction material 6a is provided on the friction sliding surface of the ring-shaped contact body 6 made of an aluminum alloy on the moving body 2 side. The contact member 6 is supported by a support member 8 via a rubber ring 7.
The support 8 is attached to the output shaft 12 by screws 11.
It is fixed to. Then, the friction material 5 of the vibrating body 1 and the friction material 6a of the contact body 6 come into contact with each other to form a friction sliding surface, and are pressed by a plate spring 16 for pressing with a total pressure of 5 kgf in the axial direction. ing. 9 is a bearing, 13 is a plate for fixing the vibrating body, 14 and 15 are pressurized collars, and 17 is a collar, which is fixed to the output shaft 12 by a screw 11a. 1
8 is a cover.
【0024】シート状の摩擦材5には、円周状の段差5
aを機械加工により設けている。また、図1の摩擦材5
と6aの接触部(摩擦面)の幅aは0.8mm、接触部
(摺動面)の直径bは30mmである。The sheet-like friction material 5 has a circumferential step 5.
a is provided by machining. Further, the friction material 5 shown in FIG.
The width a of the contact portion (friction surface) between the contact portions 6a and 6a is 0.8 mm, and the diameter b of the contact portion (sliding surface) is 30 mm.
【0025】そして、交互に厚み方向に分極処理された
2群の圧電素子4に振動体1に固有の周波数の交流電圧
を印加すると、振動体1は共振を起こし、その周方向に
進行性振動波を生じ、摩擦材5を介して摩擦材6aに摩
擦力が作用し、移動体2は回転駆動する。When an alternating voltage having a specific frequency is applied to the vibrating body 1 to the two groups of piezoelectric elements 4 alternately polarized in the thickness direction, the vibrating body 1 resonates, and the vibrating body 1 vibrates progressively in its circumferential direction. A wave is generated, and a frictional force acts on the friction material 6a via the friction material 5, so that the moving body 2 is driven to rotate.
【0026】本発明の摩擦材は、摩擦材5および6aの
両方に使用してもよく、またいずれか一方に使用しても
よい。一方に本発明の摩擦材を使用した場合には、もう
一方には通常の摩擦材を使用することができる。通常の
摩擦材としては、硬質でじん性があり、摩耗のほとんど
ないアルミ−シリコン合金、焼入鋼、セラミックス、超
硬合金等が挙げられるが、本実施例ではフッ素樹脂複合
材料を摩擦材5に、摩擦材6aはセラミックス(アルミ
ナ)を用いた。The friction material of the present invention may be used for both the friction materials 5 and 6a, or may be used for either one of them. When the friction material of the present invention is used for one, a normal friction material can be used for the other. Examples of ordinary friction materials include hard and tough aluminum-silicon alloys, hardened steels, ceramics, and cemented carbides with little wear. In this embodiment, the friction material 5 is made of a fluororesin composite material. In addition, ceramics (alumina) was used for the friction material 6a.
【0027】[0027]
【実施例】以下に実施例を挙げ、従来例の問題点と比較
しながら本発明を具体的に説明する。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples.
【0028】実施例1 摩擦材は次の様にして製造した。フッ素樹脂粉末(ポリ
テトラフルオロエチレン PTFE、ダイキン工業社
製、商品名 ポリフロン M−12)76重量%に炭素
繊維(大阪ガス社製、商品名 SG−249)20重量
%、ポリイミド粉末(宇部興産社製、商品名UIP−
S)4重量%からなる原料粉末をヘキシェルミキサーに
て均一に混合した後、金型に充填し、プレスにて圧力5
00kg/cm2 にて均一に加圧し圧縮成形し、外径2
0cm、内径5cm、長さ12cmの円筒状の成形体を
作成した。その後、温度380℃で3時間焼成し焼成体
を得た。次に、図2に示すように、旋盤で焼成体30を
回転させながら、焼成体30の外周面に幅15cmの超
硬製の切削刃31を当て、厚さ0.5mmになるように
回転と刃の焼成体の中心方向への移動を同期させた装置
を用いて切削を行い、焼成体の外周面からあたかも皮を
むくようにシート32を削り出した。Example 1 A friction material was manufactured as follows. 76% by weight of fluororesin powder (polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, manufactured by Daikin Industries, trade name: Polyflon M-12); 20% by weight of carbon fiber (manufactured by Osaka Gas Co., trade name: SG-249); polyimide powder (Ube Industries, Ltd.) Made, trade name UIP-
S) A raw material powder composed of 4% by weight was uniformly mixed with a Hexchel mixer, filled in a mold, and pressed with a pressure of 5%.
Pressing uniformly at 00 kg / cm 2 and compression molding, outer diameter 2
A cylindrical molded body having a length of 0 cm, an inner diameter of 5 cm, and a length of 12 cm was prepared. Then, it was fired at a temperature of 380 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a fired body. Next, as shown in FIG. 2, while rotating the fired body 30 with a lathe, a 15 cm wide carbide cutting blade 31 is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the fired body 30 and rotated to a thickness of 0.5 mm. The sheet 32 was cut out as if peeling off the outer peripheral surface of the fired body by using a device in which the movement of the blade and the fired body in the center direction were synchronized.
【0029】その後、シート32はトムソン刃を埋め込
んだ抜き型とプレスを用いて図1の摩擦材5を得るため
にリング状に打抜いて金属弾性体3に接着して用いた。
なお、接着する際に、前もってシートの表面は主体がフ
ッ素樹脂からなるので表面処理剤を用いてフッ素樹脂を
化学的に分解させ接着性の向上を計った。このような表
面処理を行わないと接着による剥離強度が1/5〜1/
10と弱く、表面処理は接着力向上のために不可欠であ
る。Thereafter, the sheet 32 was punched in a ring shape using a punching die having a Thomson blade embedded therein and a press to obtain the friction material 5 shown in FIG.
Since the surface of the sheet is mainly made of a fluororesin before bonding, the fluororesin is chemically decomposed using a surface treatment agent to improve the adhesiveness. If such a surface treatment is not performed, the peel strength by adhesion is 1/5 to 1/1.
As weak as 10, surface treatment is indispensable for improving adhesive strength.
【0030】しかしながら、従来例でも記したように、
上述のようにして製作した摩擦材は振動波モータの駆動
中に、部分的にはがれることが時々発生した。そこでそ
の原因を調査したところ、以下に示すような問題がある
ことがわかった。However, as described in the conventional example,
The friction material manufactured as described above sometimes came off partially during driving of the vibration wave motor. Then, when the cause was investigated, it turned out that there were the following problems.
【0031】すなわち、シート32は切削加工により機
械的な歪と熱的な影響を受けており、図2にも示すよう
に切削加工後、シート32の長手方向にはカール(曲が
り)を生じる。このカールは放置しても決してなくなら
ない。そして、図3に示すように、このようなシート3
2から打ち抜いた摩擦材5を金属弾性体3の接着面にあ
らかじめエポキシ系の2液の接着剤33を塗布し、接着
面に摩擦材5を乗せて摩擦材5の上面から平板により押
え付け、接着剤が硬化するまで保持して接着していた
が、摩擦材5のカールの凹面を接着面にして接着する
と、図3(a)のように、カールした摩擦材5は接着面
に外周側から金属弾性体3と接触し、さらにシートを押
え付けていくとシートの外周側はほとんど動かず、内周
側がそのまま上から圧力をかけられるので、接着剤33
からなる接着層に気泡や接着層の厚みむらが発生しやす
いことがわかった。That is, the sheet 32 is affected by mechanical strain and heat by the cutting, and as shown in FIG. 2, after the cutting, the sheet 32 curls in the longitudinal direction. This curl will not go away if left alone. Then, as shown in FIG.
The friction material 5 punched out from 2 is coated in advance with an epoxy-based two-liquid adhesive 33 on the bonding surface of the metal elastic body 3, the friction material 5 is placed on the bonding surface, and pressed from the upper surface of the friction material 5 by a flat plate, Although the adhesive was held and bonded until the adhesive was cured, when the curl concave surface of the friction material 5 was bonded to the bonding surface and bonded, as shown in FIG. When the sheet comes into contact with the metal elastic body 3 and the sheet is further pressed down, the outer peripheral side of the sheet hardly moves, and the inner peripheral side is directly pressed from above.
It was found that air bubbles and uneven thickness of the adhesive layer were likely to occur in the adhesive layer made of.
【0032】そこで図3(b)のように、シートのカー
ルの凸面を接着面にして接着をしたところ、カールした
シートは内周側ではじめに当り、さらにシートを押え付
けていくと、シートは少しづつ外周側に当り、余分な接
着剤33や気泡を外部に押し出しながら接着するので欠
陥が発生しくいことがわかった。Then, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), when the sheet is bonded with the convex surface of the curl of the sheet as the bonding surface, the curled sheet first hits on the inner peripheral side, and when the sheet is further pressed down, the sheet becomes It was found that defects were unlikely to occur because the adhesive gradually came into contact with the outer peripheral side while extruding excess adhesive 33 and bubbles to the outside.
【0033】この様にして作成した摩擦材は、モータ駆
動中の摩擦材の剥離は激減した。なお、摩擦材5の凸部
5aは摩擦材5を金属弾性体3に接着後、凸部5a以外
の部分を削りとり形成している。これは凸形状にするこ
とで摩耗粉の排出を容易にしているがモータの仕様によ
り凸部を設けなくても良い。In the friction material thus formed, the peeling of the friction material during driving of the motor was drastically reduced. In addition, after the friction material 5 is adhered to the metal elastic body 3, a portion other than the protrusion 5 a is formed by shaving the protrusion 5 a of the friction material 5. This facilitates discharge of abrasion powder by forming a convex shape, but a convex portion may not be provided depending on the specifications of the motor.
【0034】さらに、従来例でも記したように摩擦材が
モータ駆動の初期に多量に摩耗が発生することがしばし
ば起こったので調査を行った。この異常現象は、通常の
摩擦材のモータ駆動中の摩耗は時間当り0.05〜0.
08μm/hであるが、多量の摩耗の場合、0.3〜5
μm/hと50倍から100倍の早さで異常な摩耗が進
みモータの性能(回転数やトルク)が不安定になる現象
である。切削加工したシートの表面ならびに断面を観察
すると、切削加工により生じた加工変質層が影響してい
ることがわかった。これは切削加工による切削抵抗やそ
のために発生する熱によってシート表面の炭素繊維が折
れたり抜けたり、同様にポリイミド粉も抜け落ちたり破
損したりしており、とくに切削加工の切削刃の逃げ面側
表面(カールの凹面側に相当)の程度はひどい。また加
工変質層は炭素繊維だけでなくフッ素樹脂においても表
面の凹凸や微小なクラック、また熱によると思われるフ
ッ素樹脂の変質が起こっている。Further, as described in the conventional example, a large amount of abrasion of the friction material often occurred in the early stage of driving the motor. This abnormal phenomenon is caused by the fact that the wear of the normal friction material during driving of the motor is 0.05 to 0.1 / hour.
08 μm / h, but 0.3-5
This is a phenomenon in which abnormal wear progresses at a speed of 50 to 100 times as fast as μm / h, and motor performance (speed and torque) becomes unstable. Observation of the surface and cross section of the cut sheet showed that the affected layer caused by the cutting had an effect. This is because the carbon fiber on the sheet surface breaks or breaks off due to the cutting resistance due to the cutting process and the heat generated thereby, and the polyimide powder also falls off or breaks, especially the flank surface of the cutting blade in the cutting process. (Corresponding to the concave side of the curl) is severe. Further, not only the carbon fiber but also the fluororesin in the processed deteriorated layer causes surface irregularities, minute cracks, and deterioration of the fluororesin which is considered to be caused by heat.
【0035】図4に示す様に、これらの加工変質層33
はシートの厚さ0.5mmの場合、カールの凸面側で少
なくとも約50μm程度、凹面側で少なくとも100μ
m程度にも達している。この加工変質層を、例えば先の
金属弾性体にシートを接着した後に図1の摩擦材5の表
面または凸部5aの表面をあらかじめ切削抵抗や熱の発
生の少ない加工方法、例えばダイヤモンド粒子を含む砥
石を用いて冷却しながら行う研削加工とか、ラッピング
シートを用いてラップするとかして加工変質層を取り除
くことにより、図1に示す摩擦材5の表面を健全な摩擦
面とした振動波モータで評価したところ、初期から摩耗
は安定し、モータ性能も安定した。As shown in FIG. 4, these deteriorated layers 33 are processed.
Is at least about 50 μm on the convex side of the curl and at least 100 μm on the concave side when the sheet thickness is 0.5 mm.
m. For example, after the sheet is bonded to the elastic metal body, the surface of the friction material 5 or the surface of the protrusion 5a in FIG. Evaluated by a vibration wave motor with the surface of the friction material 5 shown in FIG. 1 as a healthy friction surface by removing the affected layer by grinding with cooling using a grindstone or wrapping with a wrapping sheet. As a result, the wear was stable and the motor performance was stable from the beginning.
【0036】これからもわかるようにシートの表面や断
面の観察の結果から考えると、加工変質層は駆動初期に
多量の摩耗が短時間に発生し易く初期に発生した多量の
摩耗粉がそのままその下地である樹脂材の多量の摩耗を
さらに加速させて行くと思われ、初期の摩擦面が加工変
質層のない健全な表面であることが、異常な多量の摩耗
をなくすために必須であると思われた。As can be seen from the above, from the observation of the surface and cross section of the sheet, a large amount of abrasion powder is likely to be generated in a short period of time in the early stage of operation, and a large amount of abrasion powder generated in the initial stage is used as the base layer. It is considered that the large amount of wear of the resin material will be further accelerated, and it is essential that the initial friction surface be a sound surface without a work-affected layer in order to eliminate abnormally large amounts of wear. Was done.
【0037】このようにフッ素樹脂を主体とした粉末を
成形ならびに焼成し切削加工によりシート化した材料を
振動波モータの摩擦材として実用化する為には上述のよ
うな加工変質層の除去が必要である。As described above, in order to put the material formed by molding, firing, and cutting the powder mainly composed of the fluororesin into a sheet by cutting, to be practically used as a friction material for the vibration wave motor, it is necessary to remove the above-mentioned deteriorated layer. It is.
【0038】また、本発明に用いられる摩擦材は、フッ
素樹脂を主成分とし、フッ素樹脂粉末とその他の添加物
からなる。その他の添加物としては、耐熱性を有する高
分子材料からなる粉末または粉末が好ましく、例えばポ
リイミド樹脂、ポリアミドイミド樹脂、ポリエーテルエ
ーテルケトン樹脂、ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂、
シリコーン樹脂、ポリパラオキシベンゾイル樹脂、エポ
キシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポ
リフェニレンオキサイド樹脂などが挙げられ、これらの
樹脂の中で最も耐熱性の高いポリイミド樹脂が好まし
い。これらの樹脂は高い耐摩耗性と安定した摩擦、摩耗
特性を備えており、振動波モータの摩擦材として最適で
ある。The friction material used in the present invention contains a fluororesin as a main component, a fluororesin powder and other additives. As other additives, a powder or a powder made of a heat-resistant polymer material is preferable, for example, a polyimide resin, a polyamideimide resin, a polyetheretherketone resin, a polyphenylene sulfide resin,
Examples thereof include a silicone resin, a polyparaoxybenzoyl resin, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a polycarbonate resin, and a polyphenylene oxide resin. Among these resins, a polyimide resin having the highest heat resistance is preferable. These resins have high wear resistance and stable friction and wear characteristics, and are optimal as friction materials for vibration wave motors.
【0039】さらに、摩擦材には上記の耐熱性高分子材
料の他に強化材として無機系、有機系の繊維を添加する
ことでさらに高い耐摩耗性と安定した摩擦、摩耗特性を
得ることができる。中でも無機系ファイバーである炭素
繊維が、摩擦係数が安定し摩耗量も少なく最も好まし
い。Further, by adding inorganic or organic fibers as a reinforcing material to the friction material in addition to the above heat-resistant polymer material, it is possible to obtain higher wear resistance and stable friction and wear characteristics. it can. Among them, carbon fibers, which are inorganic fibers, are most preferable because the friction coefficient is stable and the amount of wear is small.
【0040】そのほかに本発明に用いられる摩擦材は、
上記のフッ素樹脂、耐熱性高分子材料繊維以外に必要に
応じさらにその他の材料を添加することも好ましい。無
機粉末としては例えば硫化モリブデン粉末、カーボン粉
末などの固体潤滑剤や、アルミナ粉末、酸化シリコン粉
末などが挙げられる。これらの材料を添加すると振動波
モータの種々の仕様に合わせて摩擦材の性質を変えるこ
とが可能となる。In addition, the friction material used in the present invention is:
It is also preferable to add other materials, if necessary, other than the above-mentioned fluororesin and heat-resistant polymer fiber. Examples of the inorganic powder include a solid lubricant such as molybdenum sulfide powder and carbon powder, alumina powder and silicon oxide powder. When these materials are added, the properties of the friction material can be changed according to various specifications of the vibration wave motor.
【0041】また、圧縮成形可能なフッ素樹脂の比率は
50重量%以上で、好ましくは70〜90重量%であ
る。また、その他の添加物の比率は50重量%以下で、
好ましくは2〜10重量%である。これ以上添加物が増
えると材料自体がもろくなり強度等も低下して好ましく
ない。これは圧縮成形においてはフッ素樹脂がバインダ
ーの役割を有しており、フッ素樹脂が少なくなると添加
物への保持力が弱くなるためである。このためフッ素樹
脂の比率が少ない(添加物が多い)場合には切削加工に
よる加工変質層の厚さも増大する。The proportion of the fluororesin that can be compression-molded is at least 50% by weight, preferably 70 to 90% by weight. In addition, the ratio of other additives is 50% by weight or less,
Preferably it is 2 to 10% by weight. If the amount of the additive is further increased, the material itself becomes brittle, and the strength and the like are undesirably reduced. This is because, in compression molding, the fluororesin has a role of a binder, and the lower the fluororesin, the lower the holding power to the additive. For this reason, when the ratio of the fluororesin is small (the amount of the additive is large), the thickness of the deteriorated layer formed by the cutting increases.
【0042】この様に本発明では、振動波モータの振動
体または接触体の少なくとも一方の摩擦接触する摩擦材
に、混合したフッ素樹脂とその他の添加材料を圧縮成形
法により作成したシート材料の摩擦接触面の加工変質層
を除去し、かつシートのカールの凸面側を振動体または
接触体と接着しているので、振動波モータとして駆動中
に摩擦材が接着面からはがれることもなく、駆動初期に
摩擦材が異常に多量の摩耗を起こすことなく、安定した
駆動が可能で、振動波モータの高寿命化も可能となり振
動波モータの信頼性を一段と高めることが可能である。As described above, according to the present invention, at least one of the vibrating body and the contact body of the vibration wave motor is brought into frictional contact with the friction material, and the friction material of the sheet material prepared by compression-molding the mixed fluororesin and other additive materials. Since the deformed layer on the contact surface is removed and the convex side of the sheet curl is adhered to the vibrator or contact body, the friction material does not come off from the adhered surface during driving as a vibration wave motor, and the initial drive In addition, the friction material can be driven stably without abnormally large abrasion, the life of the vibration wave motor can be extended, and the reliability of the vibration wave motor can be further improved.
【0043】また本発明は、上記の摩擦材を設けた振動
波モータを駆動源として図4のように各種の機器に用い
ることができる。The present invention can be applied to various devices as shown in FIG. 4 using the vibration wave motor provided with the friction material as a drive source.
【0044】また、図4は、図1に示した振動波モータ
を駆動源とする機器の概略図である。23は大歯車23
aと小歯車23bを有するギアで、大歯車23aが振動
波モータ側のギア20と噛合している。24は被駆動部
材、例えばレンズ鏡筒で、外周部に設けられたギア24
aにギア23の小歯車23bが噛合し、モータの駆動力
により回転する。一方、ギア23にはエンコーダスリッ
ト板25が取り付けられ、ギア23の回転をフォトカッ
プラー26により検出し、例えばオートフォーカスのた
めにモータの回転、停止を制御する。FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a device using the vibration wave motor shown in FIG. 1 as a driving source. 23 is a large gear 23
a and a small gear 23b, and the large gear 23a meshes with the gear 20 on the vibration wave motor side. Reference numeral 24 denotes a driven member, for example, a lens barrel, and a gear 24 provided on an outer peripheral portion.
The small gear 23b of the gear 23 meshes with a and rotates by the driving force of the motor. On the other hand, an encoder slit plate 25 is attached to the gear 23, and the rotation of the gear 23 is detected by the photocoupler 26, and the rotation and stop of the motor are controlled, for example, for autofocus.
【0045】機器の具体例としてはカメラなどの光学機
器、プリンター、複写機等の事務機器、パワーウインド
ー、アクティブサスペンション等の自動車関連機器が挙
げられる。Specific examples of the equipment include optical equipment such as a camera, office equipment such as a printer and a copying machine, and automobile-related equipment such as a power window and an active suspension.
【0046】[0046]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によればフ
ッ素樹脂粉末を主体とした複合材料を圧縮成形後、焼成
した焼成体を切削加工してシート状にした後、振動波モ
ータ用の摩擦材として利用することにより、駆動中に摩
擦材が接着面からはがれることもなく、駆動初期に摩擦
材が異常に多量の摩耗を起こすことがない、摩耗特性に
優れた摩擦材を大量にかつ安価に提供することが可能と
なる。As described above, according to the present invention, after a composite material mainly composed of a fluororesin powder is compression-molded, the calcined body is cut into a sheet shape, and then a sheet material is formed. By using it as a friction material, the friction material does not peel off from the adhesive surface during driving, and the friction material does not cause abnormally large amount of wear in the initial stage of driving It can be provided at low cost.
【0047】また、本発明は、上記の摩擦材を用いて、
摩耗特性に優れ、安定した駆動が可能で、高寿命化の振
動波モータを提供することが可能となる。また、本発明
は上記の摩擦特性に優れた振動波モータを用いた機器を
提供できる。Further, the present invention uses the above-mentioned friction material,
It is possible to provide a vibration wave motor having excellent wear characteristics, stable driving, and a long life. Further, the present invention can provide an apparatus using the vibration wave motor having the above-mentioned excellent frictional characteristics.
【図1】本発明の振動波モータの実施形態を示す断面図
である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a vibration wave motor of the present invention.
【図2】本発明の摩擦材の製造方法を示す説明図であ
る。FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a method for producing a friction material of the present invention.
【図3】本発明の摩擦材を金属弾性体に接着する状況を
示す説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a situation in which the friction material of the present invention is bonded to a metal elastic body.
【図4】本発明の摩擦材の加工変質層を示す説明図であ
る。FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a damaged layer of the friction material of the present invention.
【図5】図1に示した振動波モータを駆動源とする機器
の概略図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a device using the vibration wave motor shown in FIG. 1 as a driving source.
1 振動体 2 移動体 3 金属弾性体 4 圧電素子 5 摩擦材 8 支持体 9 金属弾性体 11,11a ネジ 12 出力軸 13 プレート 14、15 与圧カラー 16 板バネ 17 カラー 19 ベアリング 30 焼成体 31 切削刃 32 シート DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vibration body 2 Moving body 3 Metal elastic body 4 Piezoelectric element 5 Friction material 8 Support body 9 Metal elastic body 11, 11a Screw 12 Output shaft 13 Plate 14, 15 Pressurized collar 16 Leaf spring 17 Color 19 Bearing 30 Fired body 31 Cutting Blade 32 sheet
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Fターム(参考) 4F213 AA16 AB16 AB19 AB25 AC04 AE08 AE10 AH04 AH05 WA04 WA15 WA22 WA53 WA65 WA90 WB01 WC01 5H680 AA00 AA12 BB03 BB16 BB17 BC01 BC04 BC05 CC02 CC06 CC07 DD01 DD02 DD15 DD23 DD27 DD53 DD55 DD66 DD73 DD82 DD87 DD88 EE03 EE12 FF04 FF08 FF12 FF13 FF14 FF20 FF26 FF33 GG11 GG14 GG15 GG20 GG21 GG25 GG27 GG42 GG43 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page F term (reference) 4F213 AA16 AB16 AB19 AB25 AC04 AE08 AE10 AH04 AH05 WA04 WA15 WA22 WA53 WA65 WA90 WB01 WC01 5H680 AA00 AA12 BB03 BB16 BB17 BC01 BC04 BC05 CC02 CC06 CC07 DD01 DD02 DD15 DD23 DD27 DD27 DD73 DD82 DD87 DD88 EE03 EE12 FF04 FF08 FF12 FF13 FF14 FF20 FF26 FF33 GG11 GG14 GG15 GG20 GG21 GG25 GG27 GG42 GG43
Claims (5)
と、該振動体と摩擦接触し振動によって前記振動体と相
対運動する接触体との摩擦接触部に用いる摩擦材であ
り、フッ素樹脂粉末とその他の添加物を圧縮成形したフ
ッ素樹脂を主成分とする成形体を焼成して焼成体とした
後、シート状に切削加工してシートを形成し、該シート
の表面の切削加工により生じた加工変質層を除去してな
ることを特徴とする摩擦材。1. A friction material used for a frictional contact portion between a vibrating body that forms a vibration wave of a vibration wave motor and a contact body that makes frictional contact with the vibrating body and moves relative to the vibrating body by vibration. After sintering a molded body mainly composed of a fluororesin obtained by compression-molding powder and other additives into a fired body, a sheet is formed by cutting into a sheet, and the sheet is formed by cutting the surface of the sheet. A friction material obtained by removing a deteriorated layer that has been processed.
トの凸面側を前記振動体または接触体と接着する請求項
1記載の摩擦材。2. The friction material according to claim 1, wherein the convex side of the sheet curled by the cutting is bonded to the vibrating body or the contact body.
料の粉末または繊維の両方またはいずれか一方である請
求項1記載の摩擦材。3. The friction material according to claim 1, wherein the other additive is powder or fiber of an inorganic or organic material and / or fiber.
摩擦接触し振動によって前記振動体と相対運動する接触
体を有する振動波モータにおいて、前記振動体又は接触
体の少なくとも一方の摩擦接触部に請求項1乃至3のい
ずれかの項に記載の摩擦材を設けたことを特徴とする振
動波モータ。4. A vibration wave motor having a vibrating body for forming an oscillating wave, and a contact body that comes into frictional contact with said vibrating body and moves relative to said vibrating body by vibration, wherein at least one of said vibrating body and said contacting body has friction. A vibration wave motor comprising a friction member according to any one of claims 1 to 3 provided in a contact portion.
として設けたことを特徴とする機器。5. An apparatus provided with the vibration wave motor according to claim 4 as a drive source.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP34956098A JP4124891B2 (en) | 1998-12-09 | 1998-12-09 | Method for manufacturing friction material for vibration wave motor |
US09/456,291 US6643906B2 (en) | 1998-12-09 | 1999-12-08 | Friction member, and vibration wave device and apparatus using friction member |
US10/643,998 US6726866B1 (en) | 1998-12-09 | 2003-08-20 | Method of making a sintered friction member |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP34956098A JP4124891B2 (en) | 1998-12-09 | 1998-12-09 | Method for manufacturing friction material for vibration wave motor |
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JP2000167946A true JP2000167946A (en) | 2000-06-20 |
JP2000167946A5 JP2000167946A5 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
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Cited By (1)
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JP2018014883A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2018-01-25 | 株式会社ニコン | Vibration actuator, lens barrel, and electronic apparatus |
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Cited By (1)
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JP2018014883A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2018-01-25 | 株式会社ニコン | Vibration actuator, lens barrel, and electronic apparatus |
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