JP2000073307A - Pavement face forming block and permeable pavement structure - Google Patents
Pavement face forming block and permeable pavement structureInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000073307A JP2000073307A JP10242962A JP24296298A JP2000073307A JP 2000073307 A JP2000073307 A JP 2000073307A JP 10242962 A JP10242962 A JP 10242962A JP 24296298 A JP24296298 A JP 24296298A JP 2000073307 A JP2000073307 A JP 2000073307A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- pavement
- rainwater
- forming block
- permeable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、道路や歩道、駐車
場等の舗装面の全部または一部を形成する舗装面形成ブ
ロックに関し、特に透水性を有する舗装面を形成するブ
ロックに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pavement surface forming block which forms all or a part of a pavement surface such as a road, a sidewalk, a parking lot, etc., and more particularly to a block which forms a pavement surface having water permeability. .
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】水は、蒸発、雲の形成、降雨、地中への
浸透ないし水路内での集合、再度の蒸発という一連のサ
イクルの中を移動する。蒸発した水は地上の動植物に対
して快適温度、快適湿度を維持し、地中に浸透した水は
その一部が空気を含んだ多孔質の地層に留まり、残りが
更に下方の帯水層に流下して地下水となる。地上の植物
は多孔質の地層の水を吸収して成長して森林(緑地)を
形成し、多孔質の地層の水が不足すれば帯水層から地下
水が供給される。成長した植物は落葉し、微生物の分解
作用により堆肥となり、肥沃な土壌が形成される。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Water travels through a series of cycles of evaporation, cloud formation, rainfall, infiltration into the ground or collection in waterways, and re-evaporation. The evaporated water maintains a comfortable temperature and humidity for the flora and fauna on the ground, and the water that has penetrated into the ground is partially retained in the porous stratum containing air, and the rest is further reduced to the lower aquifer. It flows down to groundwater. Above-ground plants absorb water from the porous stratum to grow and form forests (green spaces), and if the water in the porous stratum is insufficient, groundwater is supplied from the aquifer. The grown plants fall down and become compost due to the decomposing action of microorganisms, forming fertile soil.
【0003】森林(緑地)は雨水の保水能力を有してお
り、雨水を浄化する。即ち、地表に溜まった水に溶解し
た栄養塩は土中の微生物によって分解されて栄養分に改
質されて再利用され、綺麗な水になって一部は近くの水
路に流出し、残りは地下に返る。森林への窒素成分の加
入は年間1ヘクタール当たり5.5kg、一方流出は
0.6kgであり、落葉などを通じての窒素成分の吸収
による雨水の浄化は90%にも達する。[0003] Forests (green spaces) have the ability to retain rainwater and purify the rainwater. In other words, nutrients dissolved in water collected on the surface of the ground are decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, reformed into nutrients and reused, and become clean water, part of which flows out to nearby waterways, and the rest is underground. Return to The annual addition of nitrogen to the forest is 5.5 kg per hectare, while the outflow is 0.6 kg, and the purification of rainwater by absorption of nitrogen through leaves, etc. reaches 90%.
【0004】ところで、舗装は、地表面を均して、多孔
質で保水性のある土壌を圧密化して非多孔質で排水性の
ない土の固まりにしたあと、コンクリート等で被覆する
ものである。道路の建設や都市化によって舗装面が増加
している。[0004] By the way, pavement is to level the surface of the ground, to consolidate porous and water-retentive soil to form a non-porous and non-drainable soil mass, and then cover it with concrete or the like. . Pavement is increasing due to road construction and urbanization.
【0005】人口の密集した都市部では、住宅の過密と
道路の舗装により、露出した土の表面の極端な減少のた
め、水の気化熱による気温を和らげる作用が働き得ず、
空気の乾燥化、地温、気温の上昇化が生じている。また
地温の上昇と土中に残存する有機物の減少は、市街地に
当該地の土を使って緑地公園を造成することを困難に
し、土の入れ替えを必要とすることから公園等を造る費
用を高騰させ、更に緑化に適した良質の土を周囲の森林
(緑地)から求めるために自然の森林や緑地に犠牲を強
いて、より広い範囲で自然を破壊するという悪循環すら
生じる。In densely populated urban areas, overcrowding of houses and pavement of roads causes an extreme decrease in the surface of the exposed soil, so that the effect of reducing the temperature caused by the heat of vaporization of water cannot work.
Drying of air, rising ground and temperature are occurring. In addition, the rise in soil temperature and the decrease in organic matter remaining in the soil make it difficult to create a green space park using the soil in the city area, and the cost of building parks etc. increases because the soil needs to be replaced. In addition, there is even a vicious circle of sacrificing natural forests and green lands to obtain good-quality soil suitable for greening from the surrounding forests (green lands), and destroying nature in a wider area.
【0006】降雨等の際の都市部の保水能力は森林部に
比べ極端に低く、雨水流出量の急激な増大を招き、それ
により災害を発生させる。都市化に伴う土地の改変によ
る雨水の流出係数の変化に対応するため、新規河川の開
削、地下遊水池の設置等が必要となるが、その施工には
莫大な費用と都市部なるが故の施工の困難性を伴い、対
応が後手後手になることを余儀なくされている。[0006] The water retention capacity of urban areas during rainfall and the like is extremely lower than that of forest areas, causing a rapid increase in rainwater outflow, thereby causing disasters. In order to cope with changes in the runoff coefficient of rainwater due to land changes due to urbanization, it is necessary to dig new rivers and install underground ponds, but the construction would be enormous and costly. Due to the difficulties of construction, it has been necessary to respond later.
【0007】ダムや堰等の土木建造物を構築すること
は、自然地の破壊(森林破壊)を伴い、施工の場所、規
模、時期、方法等を誤ると、洪水量の増大から始まり、
土地の荒廃、土の流出、復元不能な緑地破壊へと進み、
我が国では少ないが、諸外国では土地の砂漠化にまで至
り、人間がその土地から離散しなければならない事態に
まで至っている。更に、森林の耕地化、即ち畑、果樹
園、水田の造成は農業土木技術によるものであり、食料
供給という目的は達成されるが、これまた一つの環境変
化にほかならず、安全なものとは言い難い。それを安全
に維持するには専門の技術によるかつ投資を伴う絶え間
無い管理を営々と続けなくてはならない。人口増に基づ
く森林の耕地化は都市化と同様に保水能力を低下させる
ので、洪水の増大と水不足の原因をもたらす。しかし、
耕地は放置すればやがて元の森林に自然と復元すること
が多いので救いがある。The construction of civil engineering structures such as dams and weirs involves the destruction of natural lands (deforestation). If the construction site, scale, timing, method, etc., are incorrect, the flood volume will increase,
Land devastation, soil runoff, irreparable green space destruction,
It is rare in Japan, but in other countries it has led to the desertification of land, leading to situations where humans have to separate from the land. Furthermore, the conversion of forests to arable land, that is, the creation of fields, orchards, and paddy fields, is due to agricultural civil engineering, and the purpose of food supply is achieved. Hard to say. In order to keep it secure, continuous management with specialized technology and investment is required. Cultivation of forests based on population growth, like urbanization, reduces water retention capacity, leading to increased flooding and water scarcity. But,
If the arable land is left untouched, it will often be restored to the original forest soon, so there is a salvation.
【0008】巨視的に見た我が国土の地表を形成するの
は褐色森林土である。そこでは土の温度は適当に高く、
かなりの降水量があり、水分の地中下方への降下量も比
較的多い。それは地表への樹木からの落葉等の有機物の
豊富な供給があり、それが地表の保水能力を高め、地表
面流下を防ぎ、雨水が流れ去るのに時間を稼いでくれて
いることも無関係ではない。地表は湿潤のため粘土の生
成も多い。もしそうでなく浅い位置に地下水が存在する
と、塩類の集積は加速され、地中水ひいては河川水の塩
類濃度も高くなる。外国でも地下水の硝酸イオン濃度の
増大が人間や家畜の健康を脅かすに至っている例があ
る。[0008] Macroscopically, brown forest soil forms the surface of our country. Where the soil temperature is moderately high,
There is considerable precipitation, and the amount of water that falls below the ground is relatively high. It has to do with the abundant supply of organic matter, such as defoliation from trees to the surface, which increases the water holding capacity of the surface, prevents surface runoff, and allows time for rainwater to run off. Absent. Since the surface is wet, clay is often formed. If groundwater is present at a shallower depth than that, salt accumulation will be accelerated, and salt concentration in underground and even river water will increase. In some foreign countries, increasing concentrations of nitrate in groundwater have threatened the health of humans and livestock.
【0009】[0009]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】土の保水能力を高め、
自然の作用による雨水の浄化を促進するには、地表に降
った雨水を舗装面の下方の土に極力浸透させるというこ
とが極めて大切である。これを達成するための一つの手
段として、透水性舗装材の出現と普及がある。しかし現
在用いられている透水性舗装材は、ただ単にその場で水
を地中に落とし込むという簡単なものであり、種々の問
題を有している。[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
In order to promote the purification of rainwater by the action of nature, it is extremely important that the rainwater that has fallen on the ground surface penetrate as much as possible into the soil below the pavement. One means for achieving this is the emergence and spread of permeable pavements. However, the water-permeable pavement materials currently used are simple ones that simply drop water into the ground on the spot, and have various problems.
【0010】まず透水性舗装材を通過した雨水は、舗装
材を支える空隙を持つ砕石路盤に至り、その層は透水性
に優れているので、最終的には路床面に速やかに到達す
る。それは路床の含水比を急激に高めることとなる。と
ころで路床は人工的なものでなく、天然のものであって
通常その改質は行われていない。逆にその土のCBR試
験等による土質試験結果から必要舗装厚を決めている。
CBR試験は土の含水による劣化を考慮した試験ではあ
るが、現実の含水比の増大は、余程礫や砂分が多くかつ
よく締まった良好な路床土以外では、路床の支持力を著
しく低下させ好ましいことではない。First, the rainwater that has passed through the permeable pavement material reaches a crushed stone subgrade having voids that support the pavement material, and since the layer has excellent water permeability, finally reaches the subgrade immediately. It will rapidly increase the water content of the subgrade. By the way, the subgrade is not an artificial one, but a natural one, and its modification is not usually performed. Conversely, the required pavement thickness is determined from the soil test results of the soil, such as a CBR test.
The CBR test is a test that takes into account the deterioration of soil due to water content. This is unfavorable because it is significantly reduced.
【0011】一方、従来の不透水性の舗装面は、上記の
ような種類の危険は生じなかった。雨水は一時的に舗装
面に停滞し、重力によって表面の勾配に沿って側溝等に
排水されている。道路周辺の建造物や広場等が多いと
き、雨水が正しく排水されずに一時的に舗装面に溜まる
ことも否めない。このようなとき道路の排水勾配が小
で、降雨強度が大きいとき、舗装面に停滞水深をもつ水
が存在することになる。それが道路面であれば、通行す
る車にハイドロプレーン現象の害を、また歩行者に跳ね
水による不快感を与えることになる。On the other hand, the conventional water-impermeable pavement surface does not cause the above-mentioned kind of danger. The rainwater temporarily stagnates on the pavement surface, and is drained by gravity along a surface gradient into a gutter or the like. When there are many buildings and plazas around the road, it cannot be denied that rainwater is not drained correctly and temporarily accumulates on the pavement surface. In such a case, when the drainage gradient of the road is small and the rainfall intensity is high, water having a stagnant water depth exists on the pavement surface. If it is a road surface, it will harm the passing cars by the hydroplane phenomenon and give pedestrians discomfort by splashing water.
【0012】そこで、舗装面を透水性舗装材で形成し、
その舗装材の下方に遮水層を設け、ここで透水性舗装材
を通過してきた雨水を下方に浸透させず、安全確実に目
的とする排水溝等へ導く構造が採用されることもある
が、費用が高額になるのと施工の困難性が伴っており、
利用度は低い。Therefore, the pavement surface is formed of a permeable pavement material,
A structure may be adopted in which a water impermeable layer is provided below the pavement material, and rainwater that has passed through the permeable pavement material does not penetrate downward, but is guided securely and securely to a target drainage ditch or the like. , With high costs and difficulties in construction,
Usage is low.
【0013】本発明は、このような余分な遮水層と水の
誘導対策を設けることなく、路床の支持力を低下させる
ことなく、土の保水能力を高め雨水の浄化を促進させる
ために、雨水を地下に安全に返すことを目的としてい
る。The present invention is intended to enhance the water retention capacity of the soil and to promote the purification of rainwater without providing such an extra impermeable layer and measures for guiding water, without lowering the support capacity of the roadbed. The purpose is to return rainwater safely underground.
【0014】[0014]
【課題を解決するための手段】請求項1記載の舗装面形
成用ブロックは、透水性舗装板1と、その外周下縁を支
持するロート形の受枠2と、受枠の集水部4に連結され
た通水管6とを備え、通水管の上端開口は集水部4の下
端より上に突出していることを特徴とするものである。The block for forming a pavement surface according to the first aspect of the present invention is connected to a permeable pavement plate 1, a funnel-shaped receiving frame 2 supporting the outer peripheral lower edge, and a water collecting portion 4 of the receiving frame. And the upper end opening of the water pipe projects above the lower end of the water collecting section 4.
【0015】請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1記載の舗
装面形成用ブロックにおいて、通水管の下部に放射方向
の小孔9が多数設けられており、透水性舗装板1と受枠
2とで形成された空間11に天然砕石等の充填材12が
充填されており、通水管の上端開口に目皿8が装着され
ていることを特徴とするものである。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the pavement surface forming block according to the first aspect, a large number of small holes 9 in the radial direction are provided at a lower portion of the water pipe, so that the water-permeable pavement plate 1, the receiving frame 2, Is filled with a filler 12 such as natural crushed stone, and a perforated plate 8 is attached to an upper end opening of the water pipe.
【0016】請求項3記載の発明は、請求項2記載の舗
装面形成用ブロックにおいて、充填材12に活性炭等の
吸着物質及び/又はミネラル溶出物質を混合したことを
特徴とするものである。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the pavement surface forming block of the second aspect, an adsorbing substance such as activated carbon and / or a mineral eluting substance is mixed with the filler 12.
【0017】この発明は、上記の舗装面形成用ブロック
を用いて構築された透水性舗装構造であって、舗装面の
全面ないし相互に所定間隔を隔てた一部に請求項1、2
又は3記載の舗装面形成用ブロックが配置されており、
それらのブロックの通水管6は、舗装面を支持する支持
地層を貫通してその下端開口ないし小孔9を設けた下部
が含水比の増大により舗装面の支持力を損なわない深さ
の地層にまで達していることを特徴とするものである。According to the present invention, there is provided a water-permeable pavement structure constructed by using the above-described pavement surface forming block, wherein the entire pavement surface or a part of the pavement surface separated from each other by a predetermined distance is provided.
Or the pavement surface forming block according to 3 is arranged,
The water pipes 6 of these blocks penetrate the supporting stratum supporting the pavement surface, and the lower end opening or small hole 9 is formed in a stratum having a depth that does not impair the supporting force of the pavement surface due to an increase in water content. It is characterized by having reached.
【0018】[0018]
【作用】請求項1記載の発明は、透水性舗装板1で舗装
面を形成しており、透水性舗装板を通過してきた雨水を
集水部4に集め、含水比の増大を好まない地層を貫通す
る通水管6で含水比を増大させても安全な地層に雨水を
誘導して土中に排出するものであり、含水比の増大を好
まない地層の支持力を低下させることなく、雨水を地下
に安全に戻すことができる。また、透水性舗装板を通過
してきた雨水は、通水管の上端開口を受枠の集水部4の
下端より上に突出させたことにより形成される貯水ポケ
ット14にその一部が貯留されるので、この貯留水の蒸
発により地温上昇や乾きを緩和し、ブロックに保水能力
や雨水浄化能力を付与することができる。According to the first aspect of the present invention, the pavement surface is formed by the permeable pavement plate 1, and the rainwater passing through the permeable pavement plate is collected in the water collecting portion 4, and the stratum which does not like the increase of the water content ratio is preferred. Even if the water content is increased by the water pipe 6 that penetrates the water, the rainwater is guided to a safe stratum and discharged into the soil, and the rainwater is reduced without lowering the bearing capacity of the stratum that does not like the increase of the water content. Can be safely returned to the basement. Also, part of the rainwater that has passed through the permeable pavement plate is stored in the water storage pocket 14 formed by projecting the upper end opening of the water pipe above the lower end of the water collecting part 4 of the receiving frame. By evaporating the stored water, the rise in ground temperature and drying can be reduced, and the block can be provided with a water retaining ability and a rainwater purifying ability.
【0019】請求項2記載の発明は、透水性舗装板を通
過してきた雨水を天然砕石等の充填材に接触させること
で有害物質を吸着して浄水することができる。従って、
地下水の汚染を防止することができる。また通水管に設
けた小孔は、雨水をより広い範囲に拡散排水させるのに
有効であり、特に非透水性ブロックと組み合わせて舗装
面の一部にこの発明のブロックを用いるときに有効であ
る。According to the second aspect of the present invention, harmful substances can be adsorbed and purified by bringing rainwater that has passed through the permeable pavement plate into contact with a filler such as natural crushed stone. Therefore,
Groundwater contamination can be prevented. The small holes provided in the water pipe are effective for diffusing and draining rainwater over a wider area, and are particularly effective when using the block of the present invention on a part of a pavement surface in combination with a non-permeable block. .
【0020】請求項3記載の発明は、充填材に活性炭等
の吸着物質やミネラル溶出物質を混合したので、雨水の
浄化の他に、雨水を改質することができる。According to the third aspect of the present invention, since an adsorbing substance such as activated carbon and a mineral eluting substance are mixed with the filler, rainwater can be modified in addition to purifying the rainwater.
【0021】従って、この発明により、舗装面に水の一
時保留能力、地下水増加能力、市街地の快適温度及び快
適湿度の維持能力、樹木や植生に有害な塩類の溶脱能力
などの森林が持っている能力と同様な機能を発揮させる
ことができる。Therefore, according to the present invention, the pavement has forests such as a temporary holding capacity for water, a capacity for increasing groundwater, a capacity for maintaining a comfortable temperature and a comfortable humidity in an urban area, and a capacity for leaching salts harmful to trees and vegetation. A function similar to the ability can be exhibited.
【0022】[0022]
【発明の実施の形態】図1及び図2は本発明のブロック
の第1実施形態を示したものである。図中、1は四角形
の透水性舗装板である。2は受枠であり、型枠に生コン
クリートを打ち込んでロート形に成形したものである。
受枠2の上部は背丈の低い角筒形であり、その内側に透
水性舗装板1を受ける段部3が設けられ、下部にロート
形の集水部4が設けられている。1 and 2 show a first embodiment of a block according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a square permeable pavement plate. Reference numeral 2 denotes a receiving frame, which is formed into a funnel by molding ready-mixed concrete into a mold.
The upper portion of the receiving frame 2 is a rectangular tube having a short height, and a step portion 3 for receiving the permeable pavement plate 1 is provided inside the receiving frame 2, and a funnel-shaped water collecting portion 4 is provided at the lower portion.
【0023】集水部4の下端には短円筒形のつなぎ部5
が連接されており、このつなぎ部に通水管6が内挿され
ている。通水管6の上端は集水部4の下端から一定長さ
だけ上方に突出しており、集水部4の内面と突出部の外
周面とで形成されたドーナッツ形の貯水ポケット14が
形成されている。通水管6の突出端7の上端開口に鋼製
のドレン蓋8が嵌装されている。通水管6の下部周壁に
は放射方向の小さい丸孔9が一定の上下幅の間に多数個
配置されている。通水管の上下方向における丸孔の配置
幅は通水管の下端部が位置することとなる地層の状態を
考慮して決定する。At the lower end of the water collecting part 4, a short cylindrical connecting part 5 is provided.
Are connected to each other, and a water pipe 6 is inserted into the connection portion. The upper end of the water pipe 6 protrudes upward from the lower end of the water collecting part 4 by a certain length, and a donut-shaped water storage pocket 14 formed by the inner surface of the water collecting part 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the projecting part is formed. I have. A drain lid 8 made of steel is fitted into an upper end opening of the projecting end 7 of the water pipe 6. A large number of small round holes 9 in the radial direction are arranged on the lower peripheral wall of the water pipe 6 at a constant vertical width. The arrangement width of the circular holes in the vertical direction of the water pipe is determined in consideration of the state of the stratum where the lower end of the water pipe is located.
【0024】受枠2の段部3から集水部4の下端に到る
逆四角錐形の空間11には、天然の岩石を破砕して製造
した砕石12が充填されている。砕石の粒径はドレン蓋
8を通過できない大きさである。The inverted quadrangular pyramid-shaped space 11 extending from the step 3 of the receiving frame 2 to the lower end of the water collecting part 4 is filled with crushed stone 12 produced by crushing natural rock. The particle size of the crushed stone is a size that cannot pass through the drain lid 8.
【0025】図の透水性舗装板1はその平面形状が角形
であるが、多角形であっても、また曲線形を含んだもの
であっても、数種形状の組み合わせであってもよい。透
水性舗装板1の平面形状を矩形とした場合の縦横の長さ
は、一般に長い方が経済的であるが、透水性舗装面形成
ブロックの重量増大や透水性舗装板1の板厚の増大を招
くので、施工の容易性と迅速性を考慮して決定される必
要がある。縦横の寸法が比較的小さい場合は受枠の空間
11は空隙のままでもよいが、縦横の寸法が大きいとき
は、空間11に砕石等の空隙の多い充填材12を充填し
て透水性舗装板1を下方から支持する必要がある。Although the permeable pavement plate 1 shown in the figure has a square planar shape, it may have a polygonal shape, a curved shape, or a combination of several shapes. Generally, it is more economical to increase the length and width of the permeable pavement board 1 when the plane shape is rectangular, but the weight of the permeable pavement surface forming block and the thickness of the permeable pavement board 1 increase. Therefore, it must be determined in consideration of ease and speed of construction. When the vertical and horizontal dimensions are relatively small, the space 11 of the receiving frame may be left as an air gap, but when the vertical and horizontal dimensions are large, the space 11 is filled with a filler 12 having many voids such as crushed stones and the like, and Must be supported from below.
【0026】通水管6の貯水ポケット14は、空間に砕
石が充填されているときは、その容量が小さくなる。透
水性舗装板1を通過した雨水は、受枠の集水部4によっ
て中央下部に集められ、貯水ポケット14に一部貯留さ
れ、余分な雨水は通水管6の先端開口へとオーバーフロ
ーして下方に流下する。流下した雨水は、通水管の下端
ないし下部の丸孔9から地中に放出される。天然砕石1
2には元々有害物質を吸着する能力があるので、浄水す
ることができる。砕石に活性炭などの物理的吸着材を混
合することもできる。When the space is filled with crushed stone, the capacity of the water storage pocket 14 of the water pipe 6 is reduced. The rainwater that has passed through the permeable pavement board 1 is collected at the lower center by the water collecting part 4 of the receiving frame, and is partially stored in the water storage pocket 14. The excess rainwater overflows to the tip opening of the water pipe 6 and flows downward. Flow down. The rainwater that has flowed down is discharged into the ground through a round hole 9 at the lower end or lower part of the water pipe. Natural crushed stone 1
2 can purify water because it originally has the ability to adsorb harmful substances. A physical adsorbent such as activated carbon can be mixed with the crushed stone.
【0027】集水部4の貯水ポケット14に貯留された
雨水は、空間11に充填された天然砕石12に湿気を与
え、砕石12に付着した微生物の生存、育成を助けるの
で、微生物がもつ水質浄化能力で雨水を浄化することが
できる。また、吸水性の繊維材料15を受枠の内周面に
添設したり、砕石の間で上下方向に介装してやれば、透
水性舗装板1からの蒸散と繊維材料15の毛細管現象に
よって透水性舗装板の近傍の砕石12にも微生物の付着
を促進させることができる。繊維材料15は、ブロック
全体としての水質の浄化能力を高めるのにも有効であ
る。The rainwater stored in the water storage pockets 14 of the water collecting part 4 gives moisture to the natural crushed stones 12 filled in the space 11 and helps the microorganisms attached to the crushed stones 12 to survive and grow. Rainwater can be purified by the purification ability. Further, if the water-absorbent fiber material 15 is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the receiving frame or vertically interposed between the crushed stones, the water permeability due to the transpiration from the water-permeable pavement plate 1 and the capillary phenomenon of the fiber material 15. The adhesion of microorganisms can also be promoted on the crushed stone 12 near the pavement plate. The fiber material 15 is also effective in increasing the water purification ability of the entire block.
【0028】一つの舗装面形成用ブロックが雨水を受け
る降雨面積は透水性舗装板の面積により決まり、通水管
の内径面積は降雨面積の10数分の1である。例えば通
水管の内径面積を20分の1とすると、時間当たり50
mmの雨水が地表に降った場合、この雨水は地表に50
mm分の進入水頭しか持っていないが、通水管6内では
50×20=1000mmの進入水頭となり、この水圧
を持って土中に進入を始めるので、丸孔9から土中への
進入は容易となる。いまこの高圧をもってしても容易に
進入し得ない場合でも、受枠によって一時的に安全に貯
蔵されているので、時間の経過を待てばよい。そして、
森林における地表の落葉層付近で容易に蒸発し得る貯留
水と違い、深く暗部に貯えられたこれら雨水の蒸発量分
は少なく、大部分が地下水となり得る。The rainfall area where one pavement surface forming block receives rainwater is determined by the area of the permeable pavement plate, and the inner diameter area of the water pipe is one tenth of the rainfall area. For example, if the inner diameter area of the water pipe is 1/20, 50
mm of rainwater falls on the surface of the ground,
Although it has only an entry head for mm, the entry head of 50 × 20 = 1000 mm in the water pipe 6 starts entry into the soil with this water pressure, so it is easy to enter the soil from the round hole 9. Becomes Even if it is not possible to enter easily even with this high pressure, it is only necessary to wait for a lapse of time, since it is temporarily and safely stored in the receiving frame. And
Unlike stored water, which can easily evaporate near the deciduous layer on the surface of forests, the amount of evaporation of these rainwaters stored in deep dark areas is small, and most can be groundwater.
【0029】通水管6の長さは、舗装しようとする地面
の土質調査を実施して、その調査結果から地層中で含水
比を増大させても支障のない層17を求め、この地層1
7から地表までの深さとする。通常、通水管6は鋼管若
しくは厚手の合成樹脂管等を使用するのが好ましい。稀
ではあるが、地層中で含水比の増大を著しく嫌うものが
ある場合には、地中に適宜間隔で地表水の吸水口を持つ
排水配管が設けられている。この場合は通水管が排水配
管を避けて通る必要があるので、通水管として土圧によ
り圧縮されないポリエチレン製のフレキシブル管を使用
する。フレキシブル管は容易に湾曲させることができる
ので、排水配管との干渉を避けることができ、透水性舗
装面形成ブロックの配置が容易となる。The length of the water pipe 6 is determined by conducting a soil survey of the ground to be paved, and obtaining a layer 17 which does not hinder the increase of the water content in the stratum from the survey results.
Depth from 7 to the surface. Usually, it is preferable to use a steel pipe or a thick synthetic resin pipe as the water pipe 6. Although rare, if there is something that remarkably dislikes the increase of the water content in the stratum, drainage pipes with surface water suction ports are provided at appropriate intervals in the ground. In this case, since the water pipe needs to pass through the drain pipe, a flexible pipe made of polyethylene which is not compressed by earth pressure is used as the water pipe. Since the flexible pipe can be easily bent, interference with the drainage pipe can be avoided, and the arrangement of the permeable pavement surface forming block is facilitated.
【0030】次に図3及び図4に基づき舗装面形成ブロ
ックの施工方法について述べる。舗装しようとする地表
部の数か所で、地層構造を知るために地質調査を実施し
て、含水比を増大させても支障のない地層17を見出
し、地表からこの地層までの深さを測定して、通水管6
の長さを決定する。Next, a method of constructing the pavement surface forming block will be described with reference to FIGS. At several places on the surface to be paved, a geological survey was conducted to find out the stratum structure, and found a stratum 17 that would not interfere with increasing the water content, and measured the depth from the surface to this stratum And the water pipe 6
Determine the length of
【0031】次いで、地表面を一定深さに掘り起こし、
底面を圧密化して均して路床を形成し、その表面に砕石
及び砂を入れて砕石路盤18を形成する。そして、本発
明の舗装面形成ブロック19の設置中心点、すなわち正
しい通水管6の位置を施工済の隅角等から測定し、振動
破砕用建設機械アイオン等の先端ビットに代えて、通水
管と同径の外径を持つ鋼製の重量物を取付け、その先端
を設置中心点に位置させて振動力と重量によって地中に
圧入する。重量物が所定の位置まで貫入したら、重量物
を引上げてその後に形成された空孔16に通水管6を圧
入する。Next, the ground surface is dug up to a certain depth,
The bottom is compacted and leveled to form a subgrade, and crushed stone and sand are put on the surface to form a crushed stone bed 18. Then, the installation center point of the pavement surface forming block 19 of the present invention, that is, the correct position of the water pipe 6 is measured from the installed corner angle or the like, and the water pipe is replaced with the tip bit of the vibration crushing construction machine Aion. A steel heavy object with the same outer diameter is attached, and its tip is positioned at the installation center point, and is pressed into the ground by vibrating force and weight. When the heavy object has penetrated to a predetermined position, the heavy object is pulled up, and the water pipe 6 is pressed into the hole 16 formed thereafter.
【0032】このとき施工済の通水管6と受枠のつなぎ
部5が地面の土を鉛直方向だけでなく水平方向にも拡大
させるので、施工地の土質によっては、付近全体に群杭
の効果をもたらすので、通水管6の長さが短くても舗装
面形成ブロック19を堅固に支持し、その揺動や変位を
防ぐことができる。この様に、本発明の透水性舗装面形
成用ブロック19は、地面に設置するだけで群杭効果に
より十分な支持力を得ることもでき、大幅な支持力の増
大に繋がるので、コンクリートブロックの施工時に通常
使用されている砕石路盤18となる支持下地材を省くこ
ともできる。At this time, the connection part 5 of the completed water pipe 6 and the receiving frame expands the soil on the ground not only in the vertical direction but also in the horizontal direction. Accordingly, even if the length of the water pipe 6 is short, the pavement surface forming block 19 can be firmly supported and its swinging and displacement can be prevented. In this way, the block 19 for forming a water-permeable pavement surface of the present invention can obtain a sufficient supporting force by the group pile effect only by being installed on the ground, leading to a large increase in the supporting force. It is also possible to omit the support base material that is used as the crushed stone bed 18 which is usually used at the time of construction.
【0033】図4に示すように、透水性舗装板1を支持
する受枠の側壁の間にシール材21を介装して水密構造
とするのがよい。As shown in FIG. 4, a sealing material 21 is preferably interposed between the side walls of the receiving frame supporting the water-permeable pavement board 1 to form a watertight structure.
【0034】図5は本発明の第2実施形態を示したもの
である。受枠の上縁内側は受枠の中心側に傾斜したテー
パ面22となっており、このテーパ面22に当接する逆
テーパ面23が透水性舗装板1の外周下縁に形成されて
いる。従って受枠2には周壁がなく、地表に舗装面形成
用ブロック19を設置すると、透水性舗装板相互が当接
することになる。そこで、透水性舗装板の当接部にシー
ル材21を介装して、含水比の増大を嫌う路床に雨水が
浸透しないようにする。FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The inside of the upper edge of the receiving frame is a tapered surface 22 inclined toward the center of the receiving frame, and an inverted tapered surface 23 abutting on the tapered surface 22 is formed on the outer lower edge of the water-permeable pavement plate 1. Therefore, the receiving frame 2 has no peripheral wall, and when the paving surface forming block 19 is installed on the ground surface, the permeable pavement plates come into contact with each other. Therefore, the sealing material 21 is interposed in the contact portion of the permeable pavement plate so that rainwater does not permeate into the subgrade where the increase in the water content is not desired.
【0035】[0035]
【発明の効果】本発明は、以上のように比較的簡単な構
造であるが、含水比を増大させても安全な地層に雨水を
直接誘導することができ、また、森林の表土の水に対す
る能力(保水能力)と同じ効果を発揮させることができ
る。森林の有する水の浄化能力については、受枠に充填
する充填材として天然の砕石を使用することにより、発
揮させることができる。また、砕石等の充填材に活性炭
やミネラル溶出物質を混合してやれば、水質改善能力を
も併せ発揮できる。Although the present invention has a relatively simple structure as described above, it can directly guide rainwater to a safe stratum even if the water content is increased, and it is also possible to reduce the water content of the topsoil of forests. The same effect as the capacity (water retention capacity) can be exerted. The water purification ability of the forest can be exerted by using natural crushed stone as a filler for filling the receiving frame. In addition, if activated carbon or a mineral-eluting substance is mixed with a filler such as crushed stone, the ability to improve water quality can also be exhibited.
【図1】本発明の第1実施形態の斜視図FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】図1の断面図FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG.
【図3】施工時の断面図FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view during construction.
【図4】施工後の斜視図FIG. 4 is a perspective view after construction.
【図5】本発明の第2実施形態の断面図FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
1 透水性舗装板 2 受枠 4 集水部 6 通水管 8 ドレン蓋 9 丸孔 11 空間 12 砕石 19 ブロック DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Permeable pavement board 2 Receiving frame 4 Water collecting part 6 Water flow pipe 8 Drain lid 9 Round hole 11 Space 12 Crushed stone 19 blocks
Claims (4)
持するロート形の集水部(4) を備えた受枠(2) と、集水
部(4) の下端に連結された通水管(6) とを備え、通水管
の上端開口は集水部(4) の下端より上に突出しているこ
とを特徴とする、舗装面形成用ブロック。1. A permeable pavement plate (1), a receiving frame (2) having a funnel-shaped water collecting portion (4) for supporting an outer peripheral lower edge thereof, and a lower end of the water collecting portion (4). A pavement surface forming block, comprising: a water pipe (6); and an upper end opening of the water pipe protruding above a lower end of the water collecting part (4).
数設けられており、透水性舗装板(1) と受枠(2) とで形
成された空間(11)に天然砕石等の充填材(12)が充填され
ており、通水管の上端開口に目皿(8) が装着されている
ことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の舗装面形成用ブロッ
ク。2. A large number of radial holes (9) are provided at the lower part of the water pipe, and natural crushed stones and the like are formed in a space (11) formed by the permeable pavement plate (1) and the receiving frame (2). The pavement surface forming block according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling material (12) is filled, and a perforated plate (8) is attached to an upper end opening of the water pipe.
又はミネラル溶出物質を混合したことを特徴とする、請
求項2記載の舗装面形成用ブロック。3. An adsorbing substance such as activated carbon and / or a filler (12).
3. The pavement surface forming block according to claim 2, wherein a mineral-eluting substance is mixed.
てた一部に請求項1、2又は3記載の舗装面形成用ブロ
ックが配置され、それらのブロックの通水管(6) は舗装
面を支持する支持地層を貫通してその下端ないし下部が
含水比の増大により舗装面の支持力を損なわない深さの
地層にまで達していることを特徴とする、透水性舗装構
造。4. A block for forming a pavement surface according to claim 1, 2 or 3, which is disposed on the entire surface of the pavement surface or on a part of the pavement surface at a predetermined distance from each other, and a water pipe (6) of the block is provided with a pavement surface. A permeable pavement structure, characterized in that the lower end or lower part of the permeable pavement penetrates the support stratum for supporting the pavement and reaches a stratum having a depth that does not impair the support power of the pavement surface due to an increase in the water content.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP24296298A JP3628521B2 (en) | 1998-08-28 | 1998-08-28 | Pavement surface forming block and permeable pavement structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP24296298A JP3628521B2 (en) | 1998-08-28 | 1998-08-28 | Pavement surface forming block and permeable pavement structure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2000073307A true JP2000073307A (en) | 2000-03-07 |
JP3628521B2 JP3628521B2 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
Family
ID=17096830
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JP24296298A Expired - Fee Related JP3628521B2 (en) | 1998-08-28 | 1998-08-28 | Pavement surface forming block and permeable pavement structure |
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JP (1) | JP3628521B2 (en) |
Cited By (9)
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---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009068240A (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-04-02 | Fiber Dain Kk | Permeable structure, and construction method for permeable structure |
KR101438063B1 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2014-09-04 | 김철각 | Peg for Pavement |
CN104612020A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-13 | 薛志东 | Structure of water-permeable pavement |
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CN106630294A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-05-10 | 岭南新科生态科技研究院(北京)有限公司 | Decontaminating and water-permeable pavement system |
JP2018507972A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2018-03-22 | 周太澤ZHOU, Taize | Pavement method of hard road surface that can naturally recharge groundwater |
KR20180124286A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-21 | 이환규 | The Permeable sidewalk block construction method for stormwater runoff reduction |
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Cited By (10)
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---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009068240A (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-04-02 | Fiber Dain Kk | Permeable structure, and construction method for permeable structure |
KR101438063B1 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2014-09-04 | 김철각 | Peg for Pavement |
CN104612020A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-13 | 薛志东 | Structure of water-permeable pavement |
CN104652214A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-27 | 薛志东 | Paving method of water-permeable pavement |
JP2018507972A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2018-03-22 | 周太澤ZHOU, Taize | Pavement method of hard road surface that can naturally recharge groundwater |
CN106630294A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-05-10 | 岭南新科生态科技研究院(北京)有限公司 | Decontaminating and water-permeable pavement system |
KR20180124286A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-21 | 이환규 | The Permeable sidewalk block construction method for stormwater runoff reduction |
KR102053044B1 (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2019-12-06 | 이환규 | The Permeable sidewalk block construction method for stormwater runoff reduction |
CN113494033A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-10-12 | 袁建国 | Self-opening and self-through type permeable concrete pavement brick |
CN114318999A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-04-12 | 义乌浩盛新材料有限公司 | Energy-saving bituminous pavement |
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