JP2000021594A - Ballast using piezoelectric element and power factor compensation circuit - Google Patents
Ballast using piezoelectric element and power factor compensation circuitInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000021594A JP2000021594A JP10268382A JP26838298A JP2000021594A JP 2000021594 A JP2000021594 A JP 2000021594A JP 10268382 A JP10268382 A JP 10268382A JP 26838298 A JP26838298 A JP 26838298A JP 2000021594 A JP2000021594 A JP 2000021594A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric transformer
- ballast
- voltage
- lamp
- fluorescent lamp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
- H05B41/2821—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a single-switch converter or a parallel push-pull converter in the final stage
- H05B41/2822—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a single-switch converter or a parallel push-pull converter in the final stage using specially adapted components in the load circuit, e.g. feed-back transformers, piezoelectric transformers; using specially adapted load circuit configurations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は圧電素子を用いた安
定器の設計および力率補償回路に関するもので、とくに
圧電素子を用いた蛍光灯の安定器の設計および力率を改
善するための力率補償回路に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ballast design using a piezoelectric element and a power factor compensation circuit, and more particularly to a ballast design for a fluorescent lamp using a piezoelectric element and a power factor for improving the power factor. It relates to a rate compensation circuit.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来の電子式蛍光灯の安定器には、ハー
フブリッジ（half-bridge ）で駆動する直列並列回路が
使用されている。図１は従来の共振型電子式安定器の回
路図である。図１において、１は２２０V の常用交流電
源、２はブリッジ回路、３はインダクタＬｆとコンデン
サＣｂとが並列に接続されたＬＣ共振子、４は蛍光ラン
プである。図１の共振型安定器において、点灯時にはイ
ンダクタＬｆおよびコンデンサＣｂが共振して十分なラ
ンプ始動電圧を得、点灯後には正弦波に近い電流波形を
得る。しかし、十分な始動電圧を得るためには、インダ
クタＬｆを数ｍＨ程度に設定すべきであるので、電子式
安定器の価格上昇の原因となる。また、一般に、蛍光灯
の安定器設計においては、ランプ４の点灯前と点灯後の
状態および安定器全体に対して力率を考慮しなければな
らない。2. Description of the Related Art Conventional electronic fluorescent lamp ballasts use a series-parallel circuit driven by a half-bridge. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional resonance type electronic ballast. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a 220 V commercial AC power supply, 2 denotes a bridge circuit, 3 denotes an LC resonator in which an inductor Lf and a capacitor Cb are connected in parallel, and 4 denotes a fluorescent lamp. In the resonance type ballast shown in FIG. 1, at the time of lighting, the inductor Lf and the capacitor Cb resonate to obtain a sufficient lamp starting voltage, and after lighting, a current waveform close to a sine wave is obtained. However, in order to obtain a sufficient starting voltage, the inductor Lf should be set to about several mH, which causes an increase in the price of the electronic ballast. In general, when designing a ballast for a fluorescent lamp, the power factor must be considered for the state before and after lighting of the lamp 4 and for the entire ballast.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】最近、照明器具のエネ
ルギー効率を向上させるため、照明器具に対する入力電
流の高調波歪み（Total harmonic distortion ）に関す
る規定が強化されており、動作電力が増加するほどに力
率補償に対する必要性がさらに増加することになる。Recently, in order to improve the energy efficiency of lighting equipment, regulations regarding the total harmonic distortion of the input current to the lighting equipment have been strengthened. The need for power factor compensation will further increase.
【０００４】すなわち、ランプを点灯するためには、こ
のランプに数百Ｖの駆動電圧を印加しなければならず、
予熱型蛍光灯の場合、寿命向上のために初期放電電圧を
降下させる必要がある。また、ランプが点灯された後に
は、ランプの保護のために正弦波に近い一定平均電圧お
よび電流を供給すべきであり、この際に、高調波電流と
入力電圧、入力容量および効率面で、全力率は０．９４
以上とする必要がある。That is, in order to turn on a lamp, a driving voltage of several hundred volts must be applied to the lamp.
In the case of a preheated fluorescent lamp, it is necessary to lower the initial discharge voltage to improve the life. After the lamp is turned on, a constant average voltage and current close to a sine wave should be supplied to protect the lamp.In this case, in terms of harmonic current and input voltage, input capacity and efficiency, Total power factor is 0.94
It is necessary to do above.
【０００５】本発明の目的は、前述した従来技術の問題
点を解消するため、圧電素子の性質を用いてランプ点灯
前後の特性を改善した蛍光灯の安定器を提供することで
ある。また、本発明の他の目的は、安定器などにおい
て、力率を効果的に改善し得る力率補償回路を提供する
ことである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a ballast for a fluorescent lamp in which the characteristics before and after lamp operation are improved by using the properties of a piezoelectric element in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art. Another object of the present invention is to provide a power factor compensation circuit capable of effectively improving a power factor in a ballast or the like.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記目的を達成するた
め、本発明に係る安定器は、交流電源と、蛍光ランプ
と、前記交流電源と蛍光ランプとの間に接続され、負荷
が低いときに高い電圧利得を有し、負荷が高いときに低
い電圧利得を有する圧電変圧器と、前記圧電変圧器に並
列に接続されたコンデンサとを備える。In order to achieve the above object, a ballast according to the present invention is connected to an AC power supply, a fluorescent lamp, and between the AC power supply and the fluorescent lamp. The piezoelectric transformer includes a piezoelectric transformer having a high voltage gain and a low voltage gain when a load is high, and a capacitor connected in parallel to the piezoelectric transformer.
【０００７】好ましくは、前記ランプの点灯電圧および
正常状態の動作を満足させる動作周波数は７６〜７８Ｋ
Ｈｚである。Preferably, the operating voltage satisfying the operating voltage of the lamp and the normal operation is 76 to 78K.
Hz.
【０００８】また、本発明に係る蛍光灯の安定器に使用
される力率補償回路は、電源と蛍光ランプとの間に接続
された圧電変圧器と、前記圧電変圧器に並列に接続され
たコンデンサと、前記電源からの入力電圧をクランピン
グするダイオードと、前記ダイオードに並列に接続され
たインダクタとを備える。Further, a power factor compensation circuit used in a ballast of a fluorescent lamp according to the present invention includes a piezoelectric transformer connected between a power supply and the fluorescent lamp, and a piezoelectric transformer connected in parallel to the piezoelectric transformer. A capacitor, a diode for clamping an input voltage from the power supply, and an inductor connected in parallel to the diode.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施例につき図面
に基づいて詳細に説明する。本発明の実施例を説明する
ための全図面において、同一機能を有する要素には同一
符号を使用し、その反復説明は省略する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings for describing the embodiments of the present invention, the same reference numerals are used for elements having the same functions, and the repeated description thereof will be omitted.
【００１０】基本的に、本発明においては、負荷が低い
ときは高い電圧利得を、負荷が高いときは低い電圧利得
を示し、高いＱ値の共振特性を有し、素子の小型化を実
現し得る圧電素子の性質を用いる。Basically, the present invention exhibits a high voltage gain when the load is low and a low voltage gain when the load is high, has a high Q-value resonance characteristic, and realizes miniaturization of the element. The properties of the resulting piezoelectric element are used.
【００１１】また、本発明に使用される圧電素子の共振
子としては、水晶またはセラミックスなどの圧電材料を
使用した共振子を使用し、ＢａＴｉＯ3 系、Ｐｂ（Ｚｒ
・Ｔｉ）Ｏ3 系、ＰｂＴｉＯ3 系など、直流高電圧を印
加して残留成分を発生させるセラミックス共振子が効果
的である。Further, a resonator using a piezoelectric material such as quartz or ceramics is used as a resonator of the piezoelectric element used in the present invention, and a BaTiO 3 system, Pb (Zr
-A ceramic resonator that generates a residual component by applying a high DC voltage, such as Ti) O 3 or PbTiO 3 , is effective.
【００１２】本発明に使用される圧電変圧器は、負荷が
低いときは高い電圧利得を、負荷が高いときは低い電圧
利得を示す。これは、実際蛍光灯負荷を駆動するための
非常に適切な特性である。The piezoelectric transformer used in the present invention exhibits a high voltage gain when the load is low and a low voltage gain when the load is high. This is a very suitable characteristic for driving a fluorescent lamp load.
【００１３】このような特性を用いて１２Ｗ蛍光灯の安
定器を例として検討すると、蛍光灯負荷は点灯前に電流
が流れないので開放回路と、点灯後の正常状態では等価
的な非線形負荷抵抗（Ｒeq）とそれぞれ表現され、この
負荷抵抗は式（１）のようである。Considering the ballast of a 12 W fluorescent lamp using such characteristics as an example, a fluorescent lamp load has no open circuit because no current flows before lighting, and an equivalent nonlinear load resistance in a normal state after lighting. (R eq ), and the load resistance is as shown in equation (1).
【００１４】[0014]
【数１】 (Equation 1)
【００１５】ここで、Ｖlamp(rms) はランプの両端にか
かる瞬時電圧値であり、I lamp(rms ) はランプに流れる
瞬時電流値である。Here, V lamp (rms) is an instantaneous voltage value applied to both ends of the lamp , and I lamp (rms ) is an instantaneous current value flowing through the lamp.
【００１６】すなわち、非線形負荷抵抗は、ランプに印
加される電圧と電流に反比例する。本発明に使用される
圧電変圧器は、すぐランプを接続すると、点灯前には高
い電圧利得で始動電圧が確保され、ランプが点灯され正
常状態に至ると、等価負荷抵抗（Ｒeq）に対して所望動
作を行う。That is, the nonlinear load resistance is inversely proportional to the voltage and current applied to the lamp. In the piezoelectric transformer used in the present invention, when the lamp is immediately connected, a starting voltage is secured with a high voltage gain before the lamp is lit, and when the lamp is lit and the normal state is reached, the equivalent load resistance (R eq ) is reduced. To perform the desired operation.
【００１７】図２は本発明による圧電素子を用いた安定
器の回路図であり、図３は図２の構成によるランプ４の
点灯前後の電圧利得を示すグラフである。図２におい
て、図１と相違する点は、ＬＣ共振子３の代わりに低電
力の圧電変圧器２０を使用したことである。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a ballast using the piezoelectric element according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a graph showing a voltage gain before and after lighting of the lamp 4 according to the configuration of FIG. FIG. 2 differs from FIG. 1 in that a low-power piezoelectric transformer 20 is used instead of the LC resonator 3.
【００１８】図３において、縦軸は利得を、横軸は周波
数（ＫＨｚ）を示し、Ａは点灯前の曲線、Ｂは点灯後の
曲線を示す。In FIG. 3, the vertical axis represents gain, the horizontal axis represents frequency (KHz), A represents a curve before lighting, and B represents a curve after lighting.
【００１９】図２の低電力圧電安定器の回路図で、まず
ブリッジダイオード２とＣdcを用いて交流入力をＤＣ電
圧に変換させる。このように変換されたＤＣ電圧は、ス
イッチＳ１およびＳ２を介して圧電変圧器を共振させる
ため所望周波数の矩形波に形成される。最後に、この矩
形波電圧は圧電変圧器を駆動して正弦波を得、この正弦
波がランプを点灯させる。In the circuit diagram of the low-power piezoelectric ballast shown in FIG. 2, first, an AC input is converted into a DC voltage by using a bridge diode 2 and Cdc . The DC voltage thus converted is formed into a rectangular wave of a desired frequency to resonate the piezoelectric transformer via the switches S1 and S2. Finally, the square wave voltage drives the piezoelectric transformer to obtain a sine wave, which turns on the lamp.
【００２０】図２に示す圧電変圧器２０はかなり大きい
Ｑ値の共振特性を有するので、矩形波を１次端に印加し
てもランプ４に印加される２次端の波形は正弦波とな
る。この回路において、Ｃext は点灯前にランプ４のフ
ィラメントを加熱する十分な予熱電流（ランプの予熱電
流４００ｍＡ）を流すもので、このコンデンサＣext の
容量は式（２）によって求めると、約２．２ｎＦとな
る。Since the piezoelectric transformer 20 shown in FIG. 2 has a resonance characteristic of a considerably large Q value, even if a rectangular wave is applied to the primary end, the waveform of the secondary end applied to the lamp 4 is a sine wave. . In this circuit, C ext supplies a sufficient preheating current (400 mA of preheating current of the lamp) for heating the filament of the lamp 4 before lighting, and the capacity of the capacitor C ext is about 2 when calculated by the equation (2). .2 nF.
【００２１】[0021]
【数２】 (Equation 2)
【００２２】式（２）において、Ｉpreheat はランプを
点灯するために必要な予熱電流を示し、Ｖpeakはランプ
点灯のために必要な点灯電圧を示し、ωはランプ駆動周
波数を示す。[0022] formula (2), I preheat shows a preheating current required to light the lamp, V peak represents the lighting voltage required for the lamp lighting, omega denotes a lamp drive frequency.
【００２３】回路の動作周波数は、点灯電圧と正常状態
での動作をともに満足させ得る周波数として選択し、こ
れは次のような過程により得る。The operating frequency of the circuit is selected as a frequency capable of satisfying both the lighting voltage and the operation in a normal state, and is obtained by the following process.
【００２４】図３において、点灯前曲線Ａは圧電素子の
等価回路モデリングによる模擬実験で得た電圧利得曲線
であり、点灯後の曲線Ｂは非線形負荷抵抗を使用して得
た電圧利得曲線を示す。ここで、１２．５Ｗ電力の非線
形負荷抵抗Ｒeq値が８００Ωである場合、基本波仮定に
よる圧電変圧器の１次側にかかる基本波のｒｍｓ値はIn FIG. 3, a curve A before lighting is a voltage gain curve obtained by a simulation experiment based on equivalent circuit modeling of a piezoelectric element, and a curve B after lighting shows a voltage gain curve obtained using a nonlinear load resistance. . Here, when the nonlinear load resistance R eq value of 12.5 W power is 800Ω, the rms value of the fundamental wave applied to the primary side of the piezoelectric transformer assuming the fundamental wave is
【数３】 である。(Equation 3) It is.
【００２５】ここで、Ｖp.fund,rmsは、圧電変圧器の１
次側にかかる基本波の瞬時電圧値を示す。Here, V p.fund, rms is one of the piezoelectric transformers.
This shows the instantaneous voltage value of the fundamental wave applied to the secondary side.
【００２６】圧電変圧器の２次側にかかる電圧、つまり
点灯電圧と正常状態電圧はそれぞれ５００Ｖ（peak）と
９２Ｖrms であり、圧電変圧器に必要な電圧利得は点灯
時には２．５３、正常状態動作時には０．６６となる。
図３において、この両方の条件を満足させる動作周波数
は７７．２ＫＨｚとなる。The voltage applied to the secondary side of the piezoelectric transformer, ie, the lighting voltage and the normal state voltage are 500 V (peak) and 92 V rms , respectively. The voltage gain required for the piezoelectric transformer is 2.53 at the time of lighting, and the normal state is 2.53. In operation, it is 0.66.
In FIG. 3, the operating frequency that satisfies both conditions is 77.2 KHz.
【００２７】また、本発明の圧電変圧器を用いた安定器
において、駆動電力を１８Ｗに高めるためには、第一に
圧電変圧器を並列に連結して使用する方法、第二に圧電
変圧器を多層構造に構成する方法、第三に圧電変圧器の
駆動回路を改善する方法がある。Also, in the ballast using the piezoelectric transformer of the present invention, in order to increase the driving power to 18 W, first, a method in which piezoelectric transformers are connected in parallel, and secondly, a piezoelectric transformer is used. Third, there is a method of improving the driving circuit of the piezoelectric transformer.
【００２８】圧電変圧器の入力端に加わる矩形波は、変
圧器内部の入力容量のため、スイッチを介してピーク電
流が流れることになる。したがって、この電流を遮断す
るためにはインダクタを使用することが好ましい。The rectangular wave applied to the input terminal of the piezoelectric transformer causes a peak current to flow through the switch due to the input capacity inside the transformer. Therefore, it is preferable to use an inductor to cut off this current.
【００２９】図４は、本発明によるダイオードクランピ
ング方法を示す回路図である。図４において、４１，４
２は互いに直列に接続されたダイオード、４３はダイオ
ード４１と４２との接続点に並列に接続されたインダク
タである。FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a diode clamping method according to the present invention. In FIG. 4, 41, 4
Reference numeral 2 denotes a diode connected in series with each other, and reference numeral 43 denotes an inductor connected in parallel to a connection point between the diodes 41 and 42.
【００３０】すなわち、図４は、圧電変圧器内部に存在
する入力コンデンサによりスイッチＳ１とＳ２を介して
ピーク電流が流れ、これを防止するため、小さいインダ
クタ（Ｌｒ）４３を図２の構成に付加したものである。
また、大きな電力を駆動するために多層構造に構成した
ときは、内部入力コンデンサの容量がさらに大きくな
り、このときはインダクタ（Ｌｒ）が必ず必要になる。
しかし、ピーク電流を防ぐために使用したインダクタ
（Ｌｒ）は入力コンデンサと共振して入力端の電圧を過
度に高め得るが、この入力端の過電圧を防止するため、
本実施例ではクランピングダイオード４１，４２を付加
した。That is, FIG. 4 shows that a small inductor (Lr) 43 is added to the configuration of FIG. 2 in order to prevent a peak current from flowing through the switches S1 and S2 due to an input capacitor existing inside the piezoelectric transformer and prevent this. It was done.
When a multi-layer structure is used to drive a large amount of power, the capacity of the internal input capacitor is further increased. In this case, an inductor (Lr) is required.
However, the inductor (Lr) used to prevent the peak current can resonate with the input capacitor and increase the voltage at the input terminal excessively.
In this embodiment, clamping diodes 41 and 42 are added.
【００３１】本発明において、より大きな電力を駆動す
るためには多層構造を使用するが、このときは入力コン
デンサの容量がさらに大きくなって、さらに大きいピー
ク電流が流れるので、このインダクタ４３は必須であ
る。しかし、ピーク電流を防止するために使用したイン
ダクタ４３は圧電変圧器の内部容量と共振を起こして、
変圧器の入力端にかかる電圧を過度に高めることがあ
り、このときは変圧器の１、２次端の絶縁を破壊する可
能性がある。したがって、この入力電圧を制限するた
め、ダイオード４１，４２で入力電圧をクランピングす
る。In the present invention, a multilayer structure is used to drive a larger power. In this case, however, the inductor 43 is indispensable because the capacity of the input capacitor is further increased and a larger peak current flows. is there. However, the inductor 43 used to prevent the peak current causes resonance with the internal capacitance of the piezoelectric transformer,
The voltage at the input of the transformer can be excessively high, which can destroy the insulation at the primary and secondary ends of the transformer. Therefore, the input voltage is clamped by the diodes 41 and 42 in order to limit the input voltage.
【００３２】図５は前述した電流電圧方式を考慮して圧
電変圧器２０を等価回路で表す力率補償回路図である。FIG. 5 is a power factor compensation circuit diagram in which the piezoelectric transformer 20 is represented by an equivalent circuit in consideration of the current-voltage method described above.
【００３３】図５において、５１は圧電変圧器の等価回
路、５２〜５４はダイオード、５５はチャージポンプコ
ンデンサである。ダイオード５３と５４とは直列に接続
され、コンデンサ５５はダイオード５３および５４に対
して並列に接続される。In FIG. 5, 51 is an equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric transformer, 52 to 54 are diodes, and 55 is a charge pump capacitor. Diodes 53 and 54 are connected in series, and capacitor 55 is connected in parallel with diodes 53 and 54.
【００３４】図５は力率改善のために図４の構成にチャ
ージポンプコンデンサ５５を付加した構成である。既存
のインバータではこのコンデンサが共振回路に影響を及
ぼすが、圧電変圧器を使用する場合には圧電変圧器自体
の電圧利得で負荷を駆動するので、出力波形に対するコ
ンデンサ５５の影響を減らすことができる。FIG. 5 shows a configuration in which a charge pump capacitor 55 is added to the configuration of FIG. 4 to improve the power factor. In an existing inverter, this capacitor affects the resonance circuit, but when a piezoelectric transformer is used, the load is driven by the voltage gain of the piezoelectric transformer itself, so that the effect of the capacitor 55 on the output waveform can be reduced. .
【００３５】すなわち、力率改善のために従来の直並列
インバータに使用される場合、チャージポンプコンデン
サ５５が共振回路に影響を及ぼすことになる。したがっ
て、このコンデンサ５５がランプ電流と電圧にひずみ現
象を発生させてランプ電流の波高率を悪くする。これを
改善するためには、追加の共振回路が使用されなければ
ならない。しかし、本発明の圧電変圧器２０に適用する
場合、圧電変圧器２０では圧電変圧器自体の電圧利得で
負荷を駆動するので、ランプに出力される変圧器の２次
端の波形に対するコンデンサ５５の直接的な影響を減ら
すことができる。That is, when used in a conventional series-parallel inverter for power factor improvement, the charge pump capacitor 55 affects the resonance circuit. Therefore, the capacitor 55 causes a distortion phenomenon in the lamp current and the voltage, thereby deteriorating the crest factor of the lamp current. To remedy this, an additional resonant circuit must be used. However, when applied to the piezoelectric transformer 20 of the present invention, the load is driven by the voltage gain of the piezoelectric transformer itself in the piezoelectric transformer 20, so that the capacitor 55 with respect to the waveform of the secondary end of the transformer output to the lamp is used. Direct effects can be reduced.
【００３６】本発明では、まず予熱電流を考慮したＣ
ext と圧電変圧器２０の動作周波数を、前述した１２Ｗ
の場合と同方法で得る。すなわち、Ｃext は２．２ｎＦ
となり、動作周波数は７７．２ＫＨｚとなる。ここで、
動作周波数は、１８Ｗ安定器の非線形負荷抵抗が５００
Ωであり、正常状態でのランプ駆動電圧は８５Ｖとな
り、これを１２Ｗ計算の場合と同様の過程で得ることに
なる。その他に使用された素子であるコンデンサ５５お
よびＬｒ４１を求める過程は次のようである。In the present invention, first, C
ext and the operating frequency of the piezoelectric transformer 20 are 12 W
Obtained in the same way as in That is, C ext is 2.2 nF
And the operating frequency is 77.2 KHz. here,
The operating frequency is such that the nonlinear load resistance of the 18W ballast is 500
Ω, and the lamp drive voltage in a normal state is 85 V, which is obtained in the same process as in the case of 12 W calculation. The process for obtaining the capacitors 55 and Lr41, which are other elements used, is as follows.
【００３７】６０Ｈｚラインの半周期間の入力電力は、
効率ηを考慮するとき、出力電力と同じになるので、式
（４）のような関係式を得ることになる。The input power during the half cycle of the 60 Hz line is
When considering the efficiency η, the output power is the same as the output power, so that a relational expression such as Expression (4) is obtained.
【００３８】[0038]
【数４】 (Equation 4)
【００３９】ここで、Ｐinは入力電力を、Ｐout は出力
電力を示し、ηはこの両値の比で、電力効率を示す。そ
して、ｉin,avgは１スイッチング周期間の平均入力電流
を、Ｖg は入力電圧値を示す。[0039] Here, P in is the input power, P out represents output power, eta is the ratio of the two values indicates the power efficiency. I in, avg indicates an average input current during one switching period, and V g indicates an input voltage value.
【００４０】[0040]
【数５】 (Equation 5)
【００４１】ここで、ｉin,avgは１スイッチング周期間
の平均入力電流を示し、ｆs は圧電変圧器の駆動周波数
を、Ｃinは力率改善のために使用したコンデンサの容
量、そしてＶg は入力電圧値をそれぞれ示す。Here, i in, avg represents an average input current during one switching cycle, f s represents a driving frequency of the piezoelectric transformer, C in represents a capacity of a capacitor used for improving a power factor, and V g indicates an input voltage value.
【００４２】ところで、１スイッチング周期間の入力電
流は図６のようであり、この電流の平均である式（５）
を式（４）に代入して展開すると、Ｃin５５は式（６）
と同じになる。By the way, the input current during one switching cycle is as shown in FIG.
Is substituted into Expression (4) and expanded, C in 55 becomes Expression (6)
Will be the same as
【００４３】[0043]
【数６】 (Equation 6)
【００４４】最後に、Ｌｒ４３は、まずＣin＞＞Ｃ１と
仮定すると、入力電流は次のように近似させ得る。[0044] Finally, Lr43 is, First, it is assumed that C in >> C1, the input current can not be approximated as follows.
【００４５】[0045]
【数７】 (Equation 7)
【００４６】ここで、ｉinは入力電流、Ｚ0 ＝（Ｌr ／
Ｃin）1/2 、ω0 は共振周波数である。Where i in is the input current and Z 0 = (L r /
C in ) 1/2 and ω 0 are resonance frequencies.
【００４７】これを１スイッチング周期間の平均入力電
流とすると、式（８）のようである。Assuming that this is the average input current during one switching cycle, the equation (8) is obtained.
【００４８】[0048]
【数８】 (Equation 8)
【００４９】ここで、Ｚ0 ＝（Ｌr ／Ｃin）1/2 であ
り、ｉin,avgは１スイッチング周期間の平均電流であ
る。Here, Z 0 = (L r / C in ) 1/2 , and i in, avg is an average current during one switching cycle.
【００５０】したがって、式（５）と式（８）とからピ
ーク電流防止用インダクタＬｒを求めると次のようであ
る。Therefore, the peak current preventing inductor Lr is obtained from the equations (5) and (8) as follows.
【００５１】[0051]
【数９】 (Equation 9)
【００５２】[0052]
【発明の効果】前述したように、本発明によると、従来
の共振型電子式安定器のＬＣ共振子の代わりに圧電素子
を使用した圧電変圧器を使用するので、蛍光灯の安定器
の力率を改善し得るだけでなく、安定器を低廉にかつ小
型に製造し得る。As described above, according to the present invention, since the piezoelectric transformer using a piezoelectric element is used instead of the LC resonator of the conventional resonance type electronic ballast, the power of the ballast of the fluorescent lamp is reduced. Not only can the efficiency be improved, but the ballast can be manufactured inexpensively and compactly.
【図１】従来の共振型電子式安定器の回路図である。FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional resonance type electronic ballast.
【図２】本発明による圧電変圧器を使用した安定器の回
路図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a ballast using a piezoelectric transformer according to the present invention.
【図３】図２の回路において、ランプの点灯前後の電圧
利得を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing a voltage gain before and after lighting of a lamp in the circuit of FIG. 2;
【図４】本発明によるダイオードクランピング方法を示
す回路図である。FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a diode clamping method according to the present invention.
【図５】本発明による圧電変圧器を等価回路で示した力
率補償回路図である。FIG. 5 is a power factor compensation circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric transformer according to the present invention.
【図６】チャージポンプＰＦＣ回路の入力電流を示すグ
ラフである。FIG. 6 is a graph showing an input current of a charge pump PFC circuit.
１ 交流電源 ２ ブリッジ回路 ３ ＬＣ共振子 ４ 蛍光ランプ ２０ 圧電変圧器 ４１，４２ ダイオード ４３ インダクタ ５１ 圧電器の等価回路 ５２，５３，５４ ダイオード ５５ チャージポンプコンデンサ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 AC power supply 2 Bridge circuit 3 LC resonator 4 Fluorescent lamp 20 Piezoelectric transformer 41, 42 Diode 43 Inductor 51 Equivalent circuit of piezoelectric transformer 52, 53, 54 Diode 55 Charge pump capacitor
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 3K072 AA02 AC02 BA03 BB01 BC01 BC07 DB03 DD04 GA02 GB12 GC04 HB03 5H007 AA02 BB03 CA02 CB12 CB22 CC32 5H420 CC04 DD03 EA12 EB39 EB40 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 3K072 AA02 AC02 BA03 BB01 BC01 BC07 DB03 DD04 GA02 GB12 GC04 HB03 5H007 AA02 BB03 CA02 CB12 CB22 CC32 5H420 CC04 DD03 EA12 EB39 EB40
Claims (3)
いときに高い電圧利得を有し、負荷が高いときに低い電
圧利得を有する圧電変圧器と、 前記圧電変圧器に並列で接続されたコンデンサとを備え
ることを特徴とする安定器。An AC power supply, a fluorescent lamp, and a piezoelectric transformer connected between the AC power supply and the fluorescent lamp, the piezoelectric transformer having a high voltage gain when the load is low, and having a low voltage gain when the load is high. A ballast comprising: a ballast; and a capacitor connected in parallel with the piezoelectric transformer.
動作を満足させる動作周波数が７６〜７８ＫＨｚである
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の安定器。2. The ballast according to claim 1, wherein an operating frequency satisfying a lighting voltage of the lamp and an operation in a normal state is 76 to 78 KHz.
路であって、 電源と蛍光ランプとの間に接続された圧電変圧器と、 前記圧電変圧器に並列に接続されたコンデンサと、 前記電源からの入力電圧をクランピングするダイオード
と、 前記ダイオードに並列に接続されたインダクタとを備え
ることを特徴とする力率補償回路。3. A power factor compensation circuit used in a ballast of a fluorescent lamp, comprising: a piezoelectric transformer connected between a power supply and the fluorescent lamp; and a capacitor connected in parallel to the piezoelectric transformer. A power factor compensation circuit, comprising: a diode for clamping an input voltage from the power supply; and an inductor connected in parallel to the diode.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019980025210A KR20000003907A (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1998-06-30 | Stabilizer and power-factor compensating circuit using piezoelectric element |
| KR98-25210 | 1998-06-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000021594A true JP2000021594A (en) | 2000-01-21 |
Family
ID=19541701
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10268382A Pending JP2000021594A (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1998-09-22 | Ballast using piezoelectric element and power factor compensation circuit |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2000021594A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20000003907A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003019990A1 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-03-06 | Dong-Soo Paik | Electronic ballast with piezoelectric ceramics |
| KR100439398B1 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2004-07-09 | 주식회사 멀티채널랩스 | Digital controlled electronic ballast with piezoelectric transformer |
| JP2009539221A (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2009-11-12 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Lamp drive circuit |
| CN108616260A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-10-02 | 广州慧智微电子有限公司 | A kind of power circuit of power amplifier |
| CN113872432A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2021-12-31 | 四川莱福德科技有限公司 | Power factor correction converter and control method |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101036934B1 (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2011-05-25 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Converter using piezoelectric transducer, apparatus for driving light emitting diode and method for power conversion using the same |
| KR102560807B1 (en) | 2016-05-30 | 2023-07-28 | 주식회사 위츠 | Resonance apparatus and apparatus for transmitting power wirelessly using the same |
-
1998
- 1998-06-30 KR KR1019980025210A patent/KR20000003907A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-22 JP JP10268382A patent/JP2000021594A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100439398B1 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2004-07-09 | 주식회사 멀티채널랩스 | Digital controlled electronic ballast with piezoelectric transformer |
| WO2003019990A1 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-03-06 | Dong-Soo Paik | Electronic ballast with piezoelectric ceramics |
| JP2009539221A (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2009-11-12 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Lamp drive circuit |
| CN108616260A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-10-02 | 广州慧智微电子有限公司 | A kind of power circuit of power amplifier |
| CN108616260B (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2022-05-10 | 广州慧智微电子股份有限公司 | Power supply circuit of power amplifier |
| CN113872432A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2021-12-31 | 四川莱福德科技有限公司 | Power factor correction converter and control method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20000003907A (en) | 2000-01-25 |
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