JP2000021451A - Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery - Google Patents

Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery

Info

Publication number
JP2000021451A
JP2000021451A JP10185144A JP18514498A JP2000021451A JP 2000021451 A JP2000021451 A JP 2000021451A JP 10185144 A JP10185144 A JP 10185144A JP 18514498 A JP18514498 A JP 18514498A JP 2000021451 A JP2000021451 A JP 2000021451A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
separators
positive electrode
separator
secondary battery
electrolyte secondary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
JP10185144A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Toshikazu Maejima
敏和 前島
Kenji Hara
賢二 原
Katsunori Suzuki
克典 鈴木
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Resonac Corp
Original Assignee
Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd filed Critical Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd
Priority to JP10185144A priority Critical patent/JP2000021451A/en
Publication of JP2000021451A publication Critical patent/JP2000021451A/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the capacitive degradation by a charging/discharging cycle, to prolong the service life, and to improve a preserving characteristic by using separators which are not oxidized by radical oxygen existing inside a battery. SOLUTION: In both a positive electrode 1 and a negative electrode 2, an active material is formed on metallic foil, and these electrodes are oppositely wound so as to face via separators 3. The positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are respectively connected to an upper cover 4 and a can 5, and the upper cover 4 and the can 5 are insulated by a polypropylene gasket 6. In this case, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are wound through various separators 3 to manufacture a spiral winding group, and water- repellent processing of the separators 3 is performed, in such a way that the separators 3 are left as they are in a vessel filled with fluorine gas and are held at 120 deg.C for 24 hours together with this vessel. Either of material by adding SiO2 to a tetrafluoroethylene resin and a polyethylene resin or a material by performing water-repellent processing on a polyethylene resin is used as the material for the separators 3.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、正極にリチウムマ
ンガン複合酸化物を用いた非水電解液二次電池におい
て、寿命特性および保存特性の改善に関するものであ
る。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a lithium manganese composite oxide for a positive electrode, and to an improvement in life characteristics and storage characteristics.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】携帯用電話機、コードレス電話器、ビデ
オカメラなどの映像機器、パソコンなどの事務用機器、
家電機器、電気自動車などの主電源あるいはバックアッ
プ用電源として、長時間使用できるリチウムイオン二次
電池が強く要求されている。なお、これらのリチウムイ
オン二次電池に使用されている正極用活物質としては、
リチウムコバルト複合酸化物、リチウムニッケル複合酸
化物、リチウムマンガン複合酸化物などが用いられてい
る。
2. Description of the Related Art Mobile phones, cordless phones, video equipment such as video cameras, office equipment such as personal computers,
There is a strong demand for a lithium ion secondary battery that can be used for a long time as a main power supply or a backup power supply for home appliances and electric vehicles. In addition, as a positive electrode active material used in these lithium ion secondary batteries,
Lithium cobalt composite oxide, lithium nickel composite oxide, lithium manganese composite oxide and the like are used.

【0003】リチウムイオン二次電池では優れたハイレ
ート特性を得るために、電極を薄く長くし、単位面積当
たりに流れる電流値を減少させることが一般に行われて
いる。従って、セパレータとしては、正極および負極の
短絡を防止するという機能に加えて、電解液中のリチウ
ムイオンの拡散抵抗が低いものが望ましい。したがっ
て、一般には細かく、多くの細孔を有するセパレータが
使用されている。なお、セパレータの材料としては、耐
電解液性が必要であるということからポリエチレン(P
E)や、ポリプロピレン(PP)が一般に用いられてお
り、これらを2層あるいは3層と組み合わせて使用して
いる。
In a lithium ion secondary battery, in order to obtain excellent high-rate characteristics, it is generally practiced to make an electrode thin and long so as to reduce a current value flowing per unit area. Therefore, it is desirable that the separator has a low diffusion resistance of lithium ions in the electrolytic solution, in addition to a function of preventing a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Therefore, generally, a fine separator having many pores is used. In addition, as a material of the separator, polyethylene (P)
E) and polypropylene (PP) are generally used, and these are used in combination with two or three layers.

【0004】しかしながら、これらの電池を50℃以上
の高温で充放電サイクル試験を行った場合、あるいは長
期にわたり保存した場合には、放電容量が劣化するとい
う問題点がある。この原因として、電解液中に存在する
水分やフッ酸の存在により正極活物質である金属酸化物
から金属イオンが溶出し、正極に活性なサイトが形成さ
れ、電池内部に存在する溶存酸素から、この活性なサイ
トによってラジカルな酸素が生成されためと考えられ
る。そして、これらのラジカルな酸素の存在により、ポ
リエチレン(PE)やポリプロピレン(PP)からなる
セパレータを酸化する。そして、酸化によってセパレー
タに設けられた細孔が詰まるため、充放電に伴うリチウ
ムイオンの移動が阻害されるためと考えられる。
However, when these batteries are subjected to a charge / discharge cycle test at a high temperature of 50 ° C. or higher or stored for a long period of time, there is a problem that the discharge capacity is deteriorated. As a cause of this, metal ions are eluted from the metal oxide serving as the positive electrode active material due to the presence of water and hydrofluoric acid present in the electrolytic solution, active sites are formed on the positive electrode, and dissolved oxygen existing inside the battery is It is considered that radical oxygen is generated by this active site. Then, due to the presence of these radical oxygens, the separator made of polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) is oxidized. Then, it is considered that the pores provided in the separator are clogged by the oxidation, so that the movement of lithium ions due to charge and discharge is inhibited.

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、セパレータ
の改良により充放電サイクルによる容量の劣化が少ない
非水電解液二次電池を提供することを目的とするもので
ある。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the capacity is not deteriorated due to charge / discharge cycles by improving the separator.

【0006】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする手段】上記した課題を解決す
るために、第一の発明では正極にリチウム遷移金属復酸
化物を用いた非水電解液二次電池において、電池内部に
存在するラジカルな酸素によって酸化されないセパレー
タを用いることを特徴とし、第二の発明では前記セパレ
ータの材料として、四フッ化エチレン樹脂を用いること
を特徴とし、第三の発明では前記セパレータの材料とし
て、ポリエチレン樹脂にセラミックを添加することを特
徴とし、第四の発明では前記セパレータとして、ポリエ
チレン樹脂又は四フッ化エチレン樹脂に撥水処理を行っ
たものを使用することを特徴とし、第五の発明では前記
正極に使用するリチウム遷移金属復酸化物が、マンガン
酸リチウムであることを特徴としている。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a lithium transition metal peroxide for a positive electrode. It is characterized by using a separator that is not oxidized by oxygen, the second invention is characterized by using an ethylene tetrafluoride resin as the material of the separator, and the third invention is characterized by using a polyethylene resin as a material of the separator. In the fourth invention, the separator is characterized by using a polyethylene resin or a tetrafluoroethylene resin that has been subjected to a water-repellent treatment, and the fifth invention uses the separator for the positive electrode. Is characterized in that the lithium transition metal deoxide is lithium manganate.

【0007】[0007]

【発明の実施の形態】以下に本発明の一実施例を図面を
用いて説明する。但し本発明は、これらに限定されるも
のではない。図1に本発明の1実施例である非水電解液
二次電池の断面図を示す。この電池は一般的な1865
0形の円筒型リチウムイオン二次電池であり、正極1、
負極2はともに金属箔上に活物質を形成し、これらの電
極をセパレータ3を介し対向するように捲回したものを
用いている。そして、正極1、負極2はそれぞれ上蓋
4、缶5に接続され、ポリプロピレン製のガスケット6
により上蓋4と缶5は絶縁されている。 1.正極 正極活物質としては、平均粒径10μmのスピネル構造
を有するLiMn24、導電助剤としては黒鉛、結着剤
としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(商品名:KF1120、
呉羽化学工業(株)製、以下、PVdFと略す)を8
0:10:10の重量%で混合する。そこに、N−メチ
ル−2−ピロリドンを投入混合して、スラリー状の溶液
を作製する。このスラリーを厚み20μmのアルミニウ
ム箔の両面に塗布(約320g/m2)し、溶剤を乾燥
した後、ローラプレス機にて密度2.5g/cm3まで
圧延して、55mm幅で長さが400mmに切断して短
細状の正極を作製した。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. This battery is a common 1865
0 type cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery,
The negative electrode 2 is formed by forming an active material on a metal foil and winding these electrodes so as to face each other with a separator 3 interposed therebetween. Then, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are connected to the upper lid 4 and the can 5, respectively, and a polypropylene gasket 6 is formed.
Thereby, the upper lid 4 and the can 5 are insulated. 1. Positive electrode As the positive electrode active material, LiMn 2 O 4 having a spinel structure with an average particle diameter of 10 μm, graphite as a conductive auxiliary, polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder (trade name: KF1120,
8 from Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .;
Mix at 0:10:10 wt%. There, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is charged and mixed to prepare a slurry-like solution. This slurry was applied to both sides of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 μm (about 320 g / m 2 ), the solvent was dried, and then rolled to a density of 2.5 g / cm 3 using a roller press. It was cut to 400 mm to produce a short thin positive electrode.

【0008】2.負極 負極活物質として非晶質炭素90wt.%、結着剤とし
てポリフッ化ビニリデン(商品名:KF1120、呉羽
化学工業(株)製)10wt.%とを混合し、N−メチ
ル−2−ピロリドンを投入混合して、スラリー状の溶液
を作製する。このスラリー状の溶液を厚み20μmの銅
箔の両面に塗布(約70g/m2)し、溶剤を乾燥した
後、ローラプレス機にて密度1.0g/cm3まで圧延
し、55mm幅で、長さが450mmに切断して短冊状
の負極を作製した。
[0008] 2. Negative electrode Amorphous carbon 90 wt. %, Polyvinylidene fluoride (brand name: KF1120, manufactured by Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 10 wt. %, And N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is added and mixed to prepare a slurry-like solution. This slurry-like solution was applied to both sides of a copper foil having a thickness of 20 μm (about 70 g / m 2 ), and after drying the solvent, the resultant was rolled to a density of 1.0 g / cm 3 by a roller press, and 55 mm wide. The strip was cut into a length of 450 mm to produce a strip-shaped negative electrode.

【0009】3.電池 上記した方法で作製した正極と負極とを厚さ40μm、
幅58mmの後述する各種のセパレータを介して捲回
し、スパイラル状の捲回群を作製する。なお、セパレー
タの撥水処理はフッ素ガスを充満した容器の中にセパレ
ータを放置し、この容器ごと120℃、24時間保持す
ることで行った。
3. Battery The positive electrode and the negative electrode produced by the above-described method are 40 μm thick,
It is wound through various types of separators described below having a width of 58 mm to form a spiral wound group. Note that the water repellent treatment of the separator was performed by leaving the separator in a container filled with fluorine gas and holding the container together at 120 ° C. for 24 hours.

【0010】前記した捲回群を電池缶に挿入し、予め負
極集電体の銅箔に溶接しておいたニッケルタブ端子を電
池缶底に溶接する。次にエチレンカーボネートとジメチ
ルカーボネートを体積比で1:1に混合した溶液に、L
iPF6を1mol/lの濃度で溶解させた電解液を3
ml注入した。次に、予め正極集電体に溶接したアルミ
ニウムタブ端子を蓋に溶接して、蓋を絶縁性のガスケッ
トを介して電池缶の上部に配置させ、この部分をかしめ
て密閉し、直径18mm、高さ65mmの公称容量90
0mAhの円筒型電池を作製した。
The above-mentioned winding group is inserted into a battery can, and a nickel tab terminal previously welded to the copper foil of the negative electrode current collector is welded to the bottom of the battery can. Next, L was added to a solution in which ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1.
An electrolytic solution in which iPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol / l
ml was injected. Next, an aluminum tab terminal previously welded to the positive electrode current collector was welded to the lid, and the lid was placed on the upper part of the battery can via an insulating gasket. 65mm nominal capacity 90
A 0 mAh cylindrical battery was produced.

【0011】4.初期充放電試験及びサイクル試験 作製した電池は、50℃にて充電電流450mA(充電
終止電圧4.2V、最長で3時間)、放電電流900m
A(放電終止電圧2.5V)の条件下で充放電サイクル
試験を行った。そして、初期の放電容量の70%の容量
まで低下したときを電池の寿命とした。
4. Initial charge / discharge test and cycle test The prepared battery had a charge current of 450 mA at 50 ° C. (a charge end voltage of 4.2 V, a maximum of 3 hours), and a discharge current of 900 m.
A charge / discharge cycle test was performed under the conditions of A (discharge end voltage: 2.5 V). The battery life was defined as the time when the discharge capacity was reduced to 70% of the initial discharge capacity.

【0012】また、初期の放電容量を測定し、再び充電
した後、50℃で30日間保存する。その後、充放電し
た電池の放電容量を測定し、この放電容量と初期の放電
容量との比率を容量維持率とした。
The initial discharge capacity is measured, charged again, and stored at 50 ° C. for 30 days. Thereafter, the discharge capacity of the charged / discharged battery was measured, and the ratio of this discharge capacity to the initial discharge capacity was defined as the capacity retention rate.

【0013】[0013]

【実施例】(実施例1)セパレータの材料として、四フ
ッ化エチレン樹脂を用いた。その他の電極及び電池の作
製条件及び寿命試験方法は、前記したものである。
EXAMPLES Example 1 An ethylene tetrafluoride resin was used as a material for a separator. Other electrode and battery fabrication conditions and life test methods are as described above.

【0014】(実施例2)セパレータの材料として、ポ
リエチレン(PE)樹脂にSiO2を添加したものを用
いた。その他の電極及び電池の作製条件及び寿命試験方
法は、前記したものである。
Example 2 As a material for a separator, a material obtained by adding SiO 2 to a polyethylene (PE) resin was used. Other electrode and battery fabrication conditions and life test methods are as described above.

【0015】(実施例3)セパレータの材料として、ポ
リエチレン(PE)樹脂を撥水処理したものを用いた。
その他の電極及び電池の作製条件及び寿命試験方法は、
前記したものである。
Example 3 As a material for a separator, a material obtained by subjecting a polyethylene (PE) resin to a water-repellent treatment was used.
Other electrode and battery fabrication conditions and life test methods
It is as described above.

【0016】(実施例4)セパレータの材料として、四
フッ化エチレン樹脂製品を撥水処理して用いた。その他
の電極及び電池の作製条件及び寿命試験方法は、前記し
たものである。
(Example 4) As a material for a separator, an ethylene tetrafluoride resin product was used after being subjected to a water-repellent treatment. Other electrode and battery fabrication conditions and life test methods are as described above.

【0017】(比較例1)セパレータの材料として、従
来から用いているPE樹脂製品を用いた。その他の電極
及び電池の作製条件及び寿命試験方法は、前記したもの
である。
Comparative Example 1 A conventionally used PE resin product was used as a material for a separator. Other electrode and battery fabrication conditions and life test methods are as described above.

【0018】(比較例2)セパレータの材料として、従
来から用いているポリプロピレン(PP)樹脂製品を用
いた。その他の電極及び電池の作製条件及び寿命試験方
法は、前記したものである。
Comparative Example 2 A conventionally used polypropylene (PP) resin product was used as a material for a separator. Other electrode and battery fabrication conditions and life test methods are as described above.

【0019】これらの電池の初期放電容量、寿命サイク
ルおよび容量維持率を表1に示す。本発明による実施例
1〜4は比較例1、2と比べて、寿命及び容量維持率が
大きく向上した。
Table 1 shows the initial discharge capacity, life cycle, and capacity retention of these batteries. In Examples 1 to 4 according to the present invention, the life and the capacity retention rate were significantly improved as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

【0020】[0020]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0021】本発明では、正極材料としてLiMn24
((Li/Mn)=0.5)を用いたが、((Li/M
n)>0.5)のものや、Mnの一部を他の元素で置換
されたものでも同様の結果が得られている。また、マン
ガン以外のTi、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、
Mo、Wのようなリチウム遷移金属復酸化物を用いた場
合も同様な結果が得られている。負極も本実施例の原材
料に限定されるものではない。また有機溶媒としては、
プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ジメ
チルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルエチ
ルカーボネートなどが使用できる。また電解質として、
LiClO4、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSO3
3、イミド塩などが適用可能である。
In the present invention, LiMn 2 O 4
((Li / Mn) = 0.5) was used, but ((Li / Mn)
Similar results are obtained with n)> 0.5) or with Mn partially substituted by another element. In addition, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni other than manganese,
Similar results have been obtained when using lithium transition metal peroxides such as Mo and W. The negative electrode is not limited to the raw materials of this embodiment. As the organic solvent,
Propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and the like can be used. Also as an electrolyte,
LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSO 3 C
F 3 , imide salts and the like are applicable.

【0022】[0022]

【発明の効果】本発明は電池内部で発生するラジカルな
酸素によって酸化しにくいセパレータを用いたことを特
徴とする。本発明によって、長寿命で保存特性の良好な
非水電解液二次電池を提供することができる。
The present invention is characterized by using a separator which is hardly oxidized by radical oxygen generated inside the battery. According to the present invention, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a long life and good storage characteristics can be provided.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明による実施例の非水電解液二次電池の断
面図である。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1:正極、2:負極、3:セパレータ、4:上蓋、5:
缶、6:ガスケット
1: positive electrode, 2: negative electrode, 3: separator, 4: top cover, 5:
Can, 6: gasket

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Fターム(参考) 5H003 AA03 AA04 BB05 5H014 AA02 AA06 BB06 BB11 EE01 EE10 5H021 BB09 BB12 CC17 EE04 EE10 EE21 5H029 AJ04 AJ05 AK03 AL06 AM03 AM05 AM07 BJ02 BJ14 CJ08 CJ11 CJ14 DJ04 EJ05 EJ12 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F-term (reference)

Claims (5)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】正極にリチウム遷移金属復酸化物を用いた
非水電解液二次電池において、電池内部に存在するラジ
カルな酸素によって酸化されないセパレータを用いるこ
とを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池。
1. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a lithium transition metal deoxide as a positive electrode, wherein a separator that is not oxidized by radical oxygen present inside the battery is used. battery.
【請求項2】前記セパレータの材料として、四フッ化エ
チレン樹脂を用いることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非
水電解液二次電池。
2. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein an ethylene tetrafluoride resin is used as a material of the separator.
【請求項3】前記セパレータの材料として、ポリエチレ
ン樹脂にセラミックを添加することを特徴とする請求項
1記載の非水電解液二次電池。
3. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein ceramic is added to polyethylene resin as a material of said separator.
【請求項4】前記セパレータとして、ポリエチレン樹脂
又は四フッ化エチレン樹脂に撥水処理を行ったものを使
用することを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水電解液二次
電池。
4. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein said separator is made of polyethylene resin or tetrafluoroethylene resin which has been subjected to a water-repellent treatment.
【請求項5】前記正極に使用するリチウム遷移金属復酸
化物が、マンガン酸リチウムであることを特徴とする請
求項1、2、3又は4記載の非水電解液二次電池。
5. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium transition metal peroxide used for the positive electrode is lithium manganate.
JP10185144A 1998-06-30 1998-06-30 Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery Abandoned JP2000021451A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10185144A JP2000021451A (en) 1998-06-30 1998-06-30 Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
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Country Link
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007287677A (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-11-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007287677A (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-11-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery

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