ITSA20120001A1 - SILVER-PALLADIUM LEAGUE FOR THE SILVER SILVER INDUSTRY. - Google Patents
SILVER-PALLADIUM LEAGUE FOR THE SILVER SILVER INDUSTRY. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITSA20120001A1 ITSA20120001A1 IT000001A ITSA20120001A ITSA20120001A1 IT SA20120001 A1 ITSA20120001 A1 IT SA20120001A1 IT 000001 A IT000001 A IT 000001A IT SA20120001 A ITSA20120001 A IT SA20120001A IT SA20120001 A1 ITSA20120001 A1 IT SA20120001A1
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- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- palladium
- alloy
- copper
- industry
- Prior art date
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- SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium silver Chemical compound [Pd].[Ag] SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 6
- OGFYIDCVDSATDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag] OGFYIDCVDSATDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag] NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010938 white gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000832 white gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
“Lega Argento- Palladio per l'industria orafa argentiera. “ â € œSilver-Palladium alloy for the gold and silver industry. â € œ
Descrizione Description
Oggetto delta presente invenzione à ̈ una particolare lega per l'industria orafa argentiera in particolare una lega argento-palladio . The object of the present invention is a particular alloy for the silversmith goldsmith industry, in particular a silver-palladium alloy.
A seguito dell'esponenziale crescita del costo dell'oro, si à ̈ sentito l'esigenza di trovare una lega preziosa alternativa all’oro con l’utilizzo di materiali nobili che, oltre a creare un affezione da parte del consumatore finale, consentono di ottenere le caratteristiche di colore, inossidabilità e durata nel tempo, simili a quelle che normalmente si riscontrano nelle leghe a base di oro 18 Kt. Tutto questo unito alla caratteristica di essere lavorabile sia per deformazione plastica che per microfusione. Following the exponential growth in the cost of gold, the need was felt to find a precious alternative alloy to gold with the use of noble materials which, in addition to creating an affection on the part of the final consumer, they allow to obtain the characteristics of color, stainlessness and duration in time, similar to those normally found in alloys based on 18 Kt gold. All this combined with the characteristic of being workable both by plastic deformation and by casting.
I colori che si à ̈ cercato di ottenere nella lega, oggetto della presente invenzione, sono quelli dell'oro bianco o del platino. The colors that we have tried to obtain in the alloy, object of the present invention, are those of white gold or platinum.
Le Leghe a base argento devono contenere, secondo criteri di legge e normati dall'ufficio metrico dei saggi sui preziosi e leghe, percentuali minime di argento puro pari a 800/1000 o 925/1000. Per conferire all’ argento caratteristiche di lavorabilità plastica e fondibilità , per realizzare manufatti anche complessi senza avere rotture o deformazioni, vengono aggiunte percentuali variabili di metalli non nobili quali il Rame, che à ̈ di solito preponderante, Zinco, Stagno, e Nikel e altri. Ed à ̈ proprio questa aggiunta di metalli non nobili, soprattutto il rame, che rende Sa lega sensibile agli agenti esterni che la ossidano e la solforano in superficie, conferendo alla lega stessa delle colorazioni brune o nerastre. Allo stato della tecnica l'opacizzazione delle leghe di argento non ha trovato una soluzione definitiva, benché, si ha notizia, che molti , per risolvere il problema hanno tentato di variare le percentuali dei componenti delle leghe di argento 800/1000 e 925/1000 o alcuni componenti della lega stessa , ma senza riportare risultati apprezzabili. In alcuni casi per evitare tale scolorimento si fa uso di lacche trasparenti molto resistenti all'usura. The silver-based alloys must contain, according to legal criteria and regulated by the metric office of the assays on precious metals and alloys, minimum percentages of pure silver equal to 800/1000 or 925/1000. To give silver characteristics of plastic workability and castability, to create even complex artifacts without breaking or deformation, variable percentages of non-noble metals are added such as Copper, which is usually predominant, Zinc, Tin, and Nikel and other. And it is precisely this addition of non-noble metals, especially copper, that makes Sa alloy sensitive to external agents that oxidize and sulfur it on the surface, giving the alloy itself brown or blackish colors. At the state of the art the opacification of silver alloys has not found a definitive solution, although it is known that many, to solve the problem, have tried to vary the percentages of the components of the 800/1000 and 925 / silver alloys. 1000 or some components of the alloy itself, but without reporting appreciable results. In some cases, to avoid this discoloration, very wear resistant transparent lacquers are used.
Scopo della presente invenzione à ̈ quello, quindi, di ovviare all’annerimento dei manufatti di argento con titolo 800/1000 con l'ottenere una composizione di lega di argento che esclude totalmente il rame, sostituendolo con un elemento che rende la lega ugualmente lavorabile per fusione, ma più inossidabile possibile. The purpose of the present invention is therefore to obviate the blackening of 800/1000 silver artifacts by obtaining a composition of silver alloy that totally excludes copper, replacing it with an element that makes the alloy equally workable by casting, but as stainless as possible.
Dopo varie prove, la soluzione al problema ed oggetto di brevetto, à ̈ stata l’ottenimento di una lega contenente almeno 800 millesimi di argento puro in cui il rame à ̈ stato sostituito con il Palladio, elemento chimico denominato Pd del gruppo del platino nella tabella degli elementi. Il palladio à ̈ un metallo considerato nobile, prezioso, di costo non elevato, a bassa tossicità , tale che viene utilizzato estensivamente anche nelle protesi dentali, in sostituzione parziale dell’oro. Ha un peso specifico inferiore a quello dell’oro e quasi pari alia metà dei quello di platino. After various tests, the solution to the problem and the subject of a patent was the obtainment of an alloy containing at least 800 thousandths of pure silver in which copper was replaced with Palladium, a chemical element called Pd of the platinum group in the elements table. Palladium is a metal considered noble, precious, of low cost, low toxicity, such that it is also used extensively in dental prostheses, as a partial substitute for gold. It has a specific weight lower than that of gold and almost equal to half that of platinum.
Abbiamo messo a punto le procedure corrette per il suo utilizzo, comprendendo a fondo le sue caratteristiche peculiari e le metodiche da adottare in modo da evitare i problemi più importanti che si presentano nell’utilizzo di questo metallo prezioso, ad esempio la capacità di assorbire ossigeno, tipica del palladio, che rende necessario un accurato controllo del processo di fusione e colaggio, oppure il fatto che le leghe di palladio per il colaggio a cera persa non superano i 140 vickers di durezza. L’obiettivo era quello di produrre leghe di argento affidabili, che potessero essere impiegate con tecniche di colaggio diverse, sotto controllo di alcuni parametri di processo, evitando rotture a caldo o reazioni tra la lega ed il crogiolo. Inoltre si voleva ottenere leghe di Argento da cui si potessero ottenere gioielli in argento per colaggio a cera persa, con una durezza sufficiente da evitare rigature e veloce usura del manufatto, anche in caso di rifusioni multiple, e con aspetti estetici in parte simili a quelle del platino. We have developed the correct procedures for its use, fully understanding its peculiar characteristics and the methods to be adopted in order to avoid the most important problems that arise in the use of this precious metal, for example the ability to absorb oxygen, typical of palladium, which requires careful control of the melting and casting process, or the fact that the palladium alloys for lost wax casting do not exceed 140 vickers in hardness. The goal was to produce reliable silver alloys, which could be used with different casting techniques, under control of certain process parameters, avoiding hot breakages or reactions between the alloy and the crucible. Furthermore, the aim was to obtain silver alloys from which silver jewels could be obtained by lost-wax casting, with a hardness sufficient to avoid scratches and rapid wear of the product, even in the case of multiple recast, and with aesthetic aspects partly similar to those of platinum.
Si à ̈ preso come riferimento una lega 925/1 OOOAG-Cu classica e si sono valutati gli effetti di aggiunte di diverse percentuali di Palladio e di altri vari metalli: Si à ̈ messo a confronto il diverso comportamento delle leghe ternarie e quaternarie, ottenute con percentuali aggiunte di Palladio con o senza ulteriori piccole aggiunte di metalli disossidanti, oppure affinatori del grano. Alla fine si à ̈ ottenuto una lega di Argento, che nel caso dell’equivalente punzonata 925/1000, come da legge sui preziosi, contiene 930/1000 di argento puro in cui il rame à ̈ stato completamente sostituito dal Palladio in una percentuale minima di 30/1000, e in cui gli altri 30/1000 sono occupati dallo zinco, mentre gli altri 10/1000 della lega, sono metalli non nobili, in percentuali variabili, quali il silicio, lo zinco, germanio, iridio e nikel, che in varie percentuali hanno il compito di attribuire alla lega particolari caratteristiche meccaniche, nel caso di lavorazioni per deformazione plastica, e /o di fluidità , e di fusibilità nel caso della microfusione, agendo da affinatori del grano cristallino (germanio e iridio) da protettivi fluidificanti la fusione (nel caso del silicio); ma à ̈ l'aggiunta del palladio in una percentuale minima di almeno il 30/1000 a conferire alla lega le caratteristiche di plasticità e fondibilità similari a quelle che contengono rame, ma con qualità ' di inossidabilità molto elevate. A classic 925/1 OOOAG-Cu alloy was taken as a reference and the effects of adding different percentages of Palladium and other various metals were evaluated: The different behavior of the ternary and quaternary alloys obtained was compared with added percentages of Palladium with or without further small additions of deoxidizing metals, or grain refiners. In the end, a silver alloy was obtained, which in the case of the equivalent 925/1000 punched, as per the law on precious metals, contains 930/1000 of pure silver in which the copper has been completely replaced by Palladium in a percentage minimum of 30/1000, and in which the other 30/1000 are occupied by zinc, while the other 10/1000 of the alloy, are non-noble metals, in variable percentages, such as silicon, zinc, germanium, iridium and nickel, which in various percentages have the task of attributing to the alloy particular mechanical characteristics, in the case of processing by plastic deformation, and / or fluidity, and of fusibility in the case of investment casting, acting as refiners of the crystalline grain (germanium and iridium) as protective fluidifying the fusion (in the case of silicon); but it is the addition of palladium in a minimum percentage of at least 30/1000 that gives the alloy the characteristics of plasticity and meltability similar to those that contain copper, but with very high stainless qualities.
Si à ̈ preso come riferimento anche una lega 800/1000AG-Cu classica e si sono valutati gli effetti di aggiunte di diverse percentuali di Palladio e di altri vari metalli; si à ̈ messo a confronto il diverso comportamento delle leghe ternarie e quaternarie, ottenute con percentuali aggiunte di Palladio con o senza ulteriori piccole aggiunte di metalli disossidanti, oppure affinatori de! grano. Alla fine si à ̈ ottenuto una lega di Argento 820/1000 in cui il rame à ̈ stato completamente sostituito dai Palladio in una percentuale minima di 1 10/1000, e in cui gii altri 60/1000 sono occupati dallo zinco, mentre gli altri 10/1000 , dagli altri elementi di lega, che sono metalli non nobili, quali nikel, stagno, silicio, germanio, iridio, che in varie percentuali hanno il compito, dì attribuire particolari caratteristiche meccaniche nel caso di lavorazioni per deformazione plastica, e lo di fluidità e di fusibilità nel caso della microfusione, agendo da affinatori de! grano cristallino (germanio e iridio) da protettivi fluidificanti la fusione (nel caso del silicio); ma à ̈ l'aggiunta del palladio in una percentuale dì almeno il 110/1000 a conferire alla lega, le caratteristiche di plasticità e fondibilità similari a quelle leghe che contengono rame, ma con qualità ' di inossidabilità molto elevate. A classic 800 / 1000AG-Cu alloy was also taken as a reference and the effects of adding different percentages of Palladium and other various metals were evaluated; the different behavior of ternary and quaternary alloys was compared, obtained with added percentages of Palladium with or without further small additions of deoxidizing metals, or refiners of! grain. In the end, an 820/1000 Silver alloy was obtained in which the copper was completely replaced by Palladium in a minimum percentage of 1 10/1000, and in which the other 60/1000 are occupied by zinc, while the others 10/1000, from the other alloying elements, which are non-noble metals, such as nickel, tin, silicon, germanium, iridium, which in various percentages have the task of attributing particular mechanical characteristics in the case of machining by plastic deformation, and of fluidity and fusibility in the case of investment casting, acting as refiners of the! crystalline grain (germanium and iridium) from melt-thinning protective agents (in the case of silicon); but it is the addition of palladium in a percentage of at least 110/1000 that gives the alloy its plasticity and melt characteristics similar to those that contain copper, but with very high stainless qualities.
In pratica si à ̈ ottenute due leghe di argento palladio, sia essa con percentuali di argento 820/1000 che di 930/1000, di un colore simile all’oro bianco, che presentano un ottima capacità di riempimento dello stampo con difetti da ritiro contenuti e concentrati all’interno della sezione dei getti, una drastica diminuzione delie porosità da gas e rifusibilità degli scarti senza perdere la disossidazione dei getti. In practice, two palladium silver alloys were obtained, both with percentages of 820/1000 and 930/1000 silver, of a color similar to white gold, which have an excellent capacity to fill the mold with shrinkage defects. contained and concentrated inside the section of the castings, a drastic decrease in porosity from gas and refusability of waste without losing the deoxidation of the castings.
Le percentuali ottimali di palladio presenti nelle leghe ottenute sono state determinate oltre che da fattori tecnologici, anche da fattori economici, infatti aumentandone la percentuale, diminuisce l’interesse commerciale della stessa perché essendo il palladio molto più costoso dell’argento ne fanno considerevolmente aumentare il prezzo al grammo. The optimal percentages of palladium present in the alloys obtained have been determined not only by technological factors, but also by economic factors, in fact by increasing the percentage, the commercial interest of the same decreases because palladium is much more expensive than silver considerably increase the price per gram.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IT000001A ITSA20120001A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2012-01-04 | SILVER-PALLADIUM LEAGUE FOR THE SILVER SILVER INDUSTRY. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IT000001A ITSA20120001A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2012-01-04 | SILVER-PALLADIUM LEAGUE FOR THE SILVER SILVER INDUSTRY. |
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ITSA20120001A1 true ITSA20120001A1 (en) | 2013-07-05 |
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IT000001A ITSA20120001A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2012-01-04 | SILVER-PALLADIUM LEAGUE FOR THE SILVER SILVER INDUSTRY. |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06235034A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-23 | Res Inst Electric Magnetic Alloys | Silver base low resistance temperature coefficient alloy and its production |
JP2001155957A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2001-06-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electronic component |
US6245166B1 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2001-06-12 | Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd | Material for sliding contact, composite clad material, and small-sized direct current motor using the same |
EP1371749A1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2003-12-17 | Ishifuku Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Sputtering target material |
WO2011065922A1 (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-06-03 | Autium Pte Ltd | Tarnish-resistant silver alloy |
-
2012
- 2012-01-04 IT IT000001A patent/ITSA20120001A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06235034A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-23 | Res Inst Electric Magnetic Alloys | Silver base low resistance temperature coefficient alloy and its production |
US6245166B1 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2001-06-12 | Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd | Material for sliding contact, composite clad material, and small-sized direct current motor using the same |
JP2001155957A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2001-06-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electronic component |
EP1371749A1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2003-12-17 | Ishifuku Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Sputtering target material |
WO2011065922A1 (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-06-03 | Autium Pte Ltd | Tarnish-resistant silver alloy |
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