ITRM20090201A1 - COVERING WITH OPTICAL INTERFERENCE CALLED FRESNEL INTERMITTENCE COVERAGE - Google Patents
COVERING WITH OPTICAL INTERFERENCE CALLED FRESNEL INTERMITTENCE COVERAGE Download PDFInfo
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- ITRM20090201A1 ITRM20090201A1 IT000201A ITRM20090201A ITRM20090201A1 IT RM20090201 A1 ITRM20090201 A1 IT RM20090201A1 IT 000201 A IT000201 A IT 000201A IT RM20090201 A ITRM20090201 A IT RM20090201A IT RM20090201 A1 ITRM20090201 A1 IT RM20090201A1
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- Prior art keywords
- optical interference
- photovoltaic
- greenhouses
- principle
- coverage
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Description
TITOLO DEL BREVETTO: COPERTURA AD INTERFERENZA FRESNEL PATENT TITLE: FRESNEL INTERFERENCE COVER
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
Il principio di coltivazione in serra consente all'agricoltore di produrre, oltre ad un consistente quantitativo di prodotto, delle varietà vegetali che necessitano per la loro crescita di diverse condizioni ambientali, il più possibile simili al luogo di origine della specie, o del luogo dove si è riusciti ad ottenere ima buona radicazione e produzione. The principle of greenhouse cultivation allows the farmer to produce, in addition to a substantial quantity of product, plant varieties that require different environmental conditions for their growth, as similar as possible to the place of origin of the species, or the place where it was possible to obtain a good rooting and production.
Le serre sono, pertanto, gli unici strumenti agricoli in grado di creare e mantenere un microclima necessario a dette produzioni o di creare le condizioni ambientali necessarie alla produzione stessa. È necessario pertanto che detti strumenti assolvano alla loro funzione ottimizzando il rendimento tra i costi e i benefici che in ogni caso bisogna trame. Greenhouses are, therefore, the only agricultural tools capable of creating and maintaining a microclimate necessary for these productions or of creating the environmental conditions necessary for the production itself. It is therefore necessary that these instruments perform their function by optimizing the yield between the costs and the benefits that must be obtained in any case.
La forbice economica generata tra il costo deti'impianto e il valore della produzione costituisce il gap di ammortamento dell'impianto, ovvero, un impianto fisso - a differenza di uno stagionale - ha dei costi molto superiori che difficilmente sono ammortizzabili sul breve periodo, oltretutto danno una serie di svantaggi che difficilmente sono superabili utilizzando le vecchie tecnologie. The economic gap generated between the cost of the plant and the value of production constitutes the depreciation gap of the plant, that is, a fixed plant - unlike a seasonal one - has much higher costs that are difficult to depreciate in the short term, moreover. they give a series of disadvantages that are difficult to overcome using old technologies.
Un impianto fisso necessita di una struttura completamente diversa da un impianto stagionale, generalmente costituito da semplici archi in tubolari metallici infissi nel terreno e coperti da teli di plastica, un impianto fisso ha necessità di lavori preparatori, sia del terreno (sbancamento e livellamento), sia di struttura (esecuzione di idonee fondamenta e costruzione in elevato della serra vera e propria). A fixed installation requires a completely different structure from a seasonal installation, generally consisting of simple metal tubular arches fixed in the ground and covered by plastic sheets, a fixed installation needs preparatory work, both of the ground (excavation and leveling), both of structure (execution of suitable foundations and construction of the greenhouse itself).
Oltretutto l'efficienza di una serra fissa è molto inferiore all'efficienza di una serra stagionale, a meno che la stessa non sia in qualche modo climatizzata e realizzata con criteri ingegneristici che in qualche modo assolvano alle esigenze delle colture nei vari periodi dell’anno: giusta umidità ed illuminazione. Moreover, the efficiency of a fixed greenhouse is much lower than the efficiency of a seasonal greenhouse, unless it is somehow air-conditioned and built with engineering criteria that somehow meet the needs of crops at various times of the year. : right humidity and lighting.
In ogni caso la differenza fondamentale è data dal tipo di coltura che si intende effettuare aH’intemo, ovvero, mentre le serre a tunnel sono le più adatte alla coltura al suolo, quelle fisse hanno un miglior rendimento su colture fuori suolo. In any case, the fundamental difference is given by the type of crop to be carried out internally, that is, while tunnel greenhouses are the most suitable for ground cultivation, the fixed ones have a better yield on soilless crops.
Nel caso si voglia costruire delle serre con coperture fotovoltaiche i problemi raddoppiano, ovvero c’è la necessità di costruire delle strutture particolarmente solide, idonee a sorreggere il peso dei pannelli fotovoltaici e che siano anche in grado di garantire un apporto di luce solare all’ interno della serra medesima necessaria alla fotosintesi clorofilliana delle piante in coltura. If you want to build greenhouses with photovoltaic roofs, the problems double, i.e. there is the need to build particularly solid structures, suitable for supporting the weight of the photovoltaic panels and which are also able to guarantee a contribution of sunlight to the interior of the greenhouse itself necessary for chlorophyll photosynthesis of plants in culture.
Allo stato attuale è pertanto impossibile il funzionamento di una serra agricola se la stessa ha una copertura realizzata in pannelli opachi quali quelli fotovoltaici attualmente in commercio. At present it is therefore impossible to operate an agricultural greenhouse if it has a roof made of opaque panels such as the photovoltaic ones currently on the market.
Tutto ciò attualmente realizzato è meramente speculativo, in funzione dell’ima o dell’altra produzione; con il nostro studio abbiamo ottimizzato le risorse, garantendo sullo stesso territorio sia la produzione agricola che la produzione elettrica, prima assolutamente antitetiche. All this currently carried out is purely speculative, depending on the soul or the other production; with our studio we have optimized resources, guaranteeing both agricultural production and electricity production on the same territory, which were previously absolutely antithetical.
VANTAGGI E SVANTAGGI A CONFRONTO COMPARISON OF ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
I vantaggi delle serre stagionali sono il costo ridotto, la facilità d’installazione/smantellamento e la produzione stagionale anticipata e ritardata. Gli svantaggi delle serre stagionali sono la breve durata delle coperture, la fragilità della struttura e la collocabilità solo in zone adatte. The advantages of seasonal greenhouses are the reduced cost, ease of installation / dismantling and early and delayed seasonal production. The disadvantages of seasonal greenhouses are the short duration of the covers, the fragility of the structure and the placement only in suitable areas.
I vantaggi delle serre tradizionali fisse sono la durata della struttura, la produzione stagionale anticipata e posticipata e il notevole rendimento del valore di produzione. Gli svantaggi delle serre tradizionali fisse sono il costo elevato, i difficili dismissione e smantellamento e a costi elevati, i lavori di preparazione del suolo (sbancamento e livellamento), i lavori di progettazione, i lavori di impiantistica e la manutenzione periodica. The advantages of traditional fixed greenhouses are the duration of the structure, the early and postponed seasonal production and the remarkable yield of the production value. The disadvantages of traditional fixed greenhouses are the high cost, difficult decommissioning and dismantling and high cost, soil preparation work (excavation and leveling), design work, plant engineering work and periodic maintenance.
I vantaggi delle serre con copertura a pannelli fotovoltaici costruite con il metodo classico sono unicamente la produzione di energia. Gli svantaggi delle serre con copertura a palmelli fotovoltaici costruite con il metodo classico sono il costo elevatissimo, i lavori di preparazione del suolo (sbancamento e livellamento), i lavori di progettazione, i lavori di impiantistica, la manutenzione periodica, i costosissimi lavori di smantellamento, il ridotto rendimento della coltura sottostante la copertura, i costi delle polizze assicurative sugli impianti e la monovarietà delle colture adatte a coltura con tale tipo di serra. The advantages of greenhouses with photovoltaic panels built with the classic method are only the production of energy. The disadvantages of greenhouses with photovoltaic palm roofs built with the classic method are the very high cost, soil preparation work (excavation and leveling), design work, plant engineering work, periodic maintenance, very expensive dismantling work. , the reduced yield of the crop underlying the coverage, the costs of insurance policies on the plants and the single variety of crops suitable for cultivation with this type of greenhouse.
I vantaggi delle serre ad interferenza Fresnel oggetto del brevetto il costo inferiore rispetto alle attuali serre fotovoltaiche, la facilità di installazione e smantellamento, la possibilità di colture anticipate e ritardate, la plurivarietà delle colture, la produzione di energia (coperture) e la produzione agricola (suolo). Gli svantaggi sono la manutenzione periodica e i costi delle polizze assicurative sugli impianti. The advantages of the Fresnel interference greenhouses covered by the patent the lower cost compared to current photovoltaic greenhouses, the ease of installation and dismantling, the possibility of early and late crops, the multivariety of crops, energy production (roofing) and agricultural production (soil). The disadvantages are periodic maintenance and the costs of plant insurance policies.
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
Il sistema definito ad interferenza è costituito da una costruzione modulare in acciaio dolce modulare; detti moduli sono realizzati in stabilimento (prefabbricati) e assemblati sul posto. The defined interference system consists of a modular mild steel construction; these modules are made in the factory (prefabricated) and assembled on site.
I prefabbricati costituiscono parte integrante del sistema, ovvero sono delle vere e proprie strutture portanti, infatti le serre ad interferenza hanno una doppia funzione: produzione agricola (dal suolo) e produzione energetica (dalla copertura). Prefabricated buildings are an integral part of the system, i.e. they are real load-bearing structures, in fact the interference greenhouses have a double function: agricultural production (from the ground) and energy production (from the roof).
Attualmente le due produzioni sono assolutamente antitetiche, ovvero una copertura completamente ombreggiata da pannelli a celle fotoelettriche impedisce la propagazione della luce nella zona sottostante, pertanto impedisce il processo di fotosintesi naturale della maggior parte delle colture. II principio fisico dell'Interferenza, già descritto da Huygens-Fresnel, viene in questo caso sfruttato per illuminare naturalmente le serra anche se le stesse sono coperte da pannelli opachi. Currently the two productions are absolutely antithetical, i.e. a roof completely shaded by photoelectric cell panels prevents the propagation of light in the area below, therefore it prevents the natural photosynthesis process of most crops. The physical principle of interference, already described by Huygens-Fresnel, is in this case exploited to naturally illuminate the greenhouse even if they are covered by opaque panels.
Si dovrà pertanto costruire delle apposite coperture che tengano in considerazione la presente Therefore, appropriate covers will have to be built that take this into consideration
formula: ; si opererà pertanto costruendo una copertura alternata opaca-trasparente formula:; we will therefore operate by constructing an alternating opaque-transparent cover
dove la distanza delle parti trasparenti sia tra parte trasparente e la parte opaca. where the distance of the transparent parts is between the transparent part and the opaque part.
La distanza tra le fenditure e il terreno deve essere calcolato secondo la seguente formula: The distance between the cracks and the ground must be calculated according to the following formula:
L'effetto delle bande di rifrazione produce ima distribuzione di fotoni al suolo secondo lo schema di Yung del celebre esperimento del 1801. — The effect of the refractive bands produces a distribution of photons on the ground according to the Yung scheme of the famous experiment of 1801. -
La formula di riferimento è la seguente dove ri e r2 sono le fenditure. Oltretutto, anche se gli effetti al suolo sono parzialmente osservabili ad occhio nudo, ricoprono interamente la superficie sottostante, anche e perché la fonte luminosa, nel nostro caso il Sole, non è una fonte fissa, ovvero la Terra, girando, varierà costantemente l'angolo vettoriale dei pacchetti di fotoni. The reference formula is the following where ri and r2 are the slits. Moreover, even if the effects on the ground are partially observable with the naked eye, they completely cover the underlying surface, also and because the light source, in our case the Sun, is not a fixed source, that is, the Earth, turning, will constantly vary the vector corner of photon packets.
Il calcolo delle zone di interferenza da fessure multiple deve essere eseguito utilizzando la formula dei fesori ovvero: The calculation of the interference zones from multiple cracks must be performed using the hole formula, that is:
Dove ikr corrisponde alla componente di campo elettromagnetico. Where ikr corresponds to the electromagnetic field component.
COSTRUZIONE CONSTRUCTION
Per la costruzione di detto sistema abbiamo utilizzato delle semplici attrezzature da officina quali troncatrici, saldatrici, trapani, seghe ed utensili vari. For the construction of this system we used simple workshop equipment such as miter saws, welders, drills, saws and various tools.
Le parti opache sono state ottenute utilizzando i pannelli fotovoltaici attualmente in commercio, mentre le parti trasparenti sono state ottenute da lastre di vetro comune e pannelli in plexiglass. In questo caso l’intera copertura è da considerarsi un mega pannello ad interferenza, in realtà la costruzione potrebbe avvantaggiarsi utilizzando moduli fotovoltaici già precedentemente costruiti utilizzando le formule sopracitate dove (vedi pianta nel disegno sottostante) i punti in sequenza (a) e (b) sono la cella e la fascia di interferenza mentre (1) e (2) costituiscono semplicemente un reticolo portante delle celle stesse. The opaque parts were obtained using the photovoltaic panels currently on the market, while the transparent parts were obtained from common glass sheets and plexiglass panels. In this case the entire roof is to be considered a mega interference panel, in reality the construction could benefit from using photovoltaic modules already previously built using the above formulas where (see plan in the drawing below) the points in sequence (a) and (b ) are the cell and the interference band while (1) and (2) simply constitute a supporting lattice of the cells themselves.
Il disegno successivo C (prospetto-sezione) mostra una sequenza modulare dove 1 sono i pali verticali di sostegno ad una trave portante reticolare orizzontale costituita da un’intera struttura ad interferenza dove 2 è la trave superiore del traliccio, 3 è il pannello fotovoltaico, 4 è una finestratura verticale su un telaio in acciaio dolce, 5 è la trave inferiore del traliccio portante, 6 è la fenditura (fascia di interferenza) realizzata in materiale trasparente pedonabile. The following drawing C (elevation-section) shows a modular sequence where 1 are the vertical support poles to a horizontal reticular bearing beam consisting of an entire interference structure where 2 is the upper beam of the truss, 3 is the photovoltaic panel, 4 is a vertical window on a mild steel frame, 5 is the lower beam of the supporting truss, 6 is the slit (interference band) made of transparent material that can be walked on.
I materiali utilizzati per costruire detto sistema sono: acciaio dolce per profili e tubolari, pannelli fotoelettrici, vetro e plexiglass nei punti critici e pedonàbili. The materials used to build this system are: mild steel for profiles and tubes, photoelectric panels, glass and plexiglass in the critical and walkable points.
Il disegno D mostra la distribuzione della luce secondo il principio dell’interferenza ottica. Drawing D shows the distribution of light according to the principle of optical interference.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000201A ITRM20090201A1 (en) | 2009-04-28 | 2009-04-28 | COVERING WITH OPTICAL INTERFERENCE CALLED FRESNEL INTERMITTENCE COVERAGE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000201A ITRM20090201A1 (en) | 2009-04-28 | 2009-04-28 | COVERING WITH OPTICAL INTERFERENCE CALLED FRESNEL INTERMITTENCE COVERAGE |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITRM20090201A1 true ITRM20090201A1 (en) | 2010-10-29 |
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ID=41381749
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000201A ITRM20090201A1 (en) | 2009-04-28 | 2009-04-28 | COVERING WITH OPTICAL INTERFERENCE CALLED FRESNEL INTERMITTENCE COVERAGE |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| IT (1) | ITRM20090201A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE899209A (en) * | 1984-03-21 | 1984-07-16 | Bogaert P E E J | Charge-storing prefabricated photovoltaic window panel - has accumulator installed in skylight with electric lamp for prolongation of daylight |
| NL8701539A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-16 | Aloysius Marinus Luyken | Collector for storing heat from solar radiation - uses combination of screen which is orientated to admit or reflect sun rays |
| WO2005104819A1 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-10 | Johannes Van Tilborgh | Greenhouse having a daylight system |
-
2009
- 2009-04-28 IT IT000201A patent/ITRM20090201A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE899209A (en) * | 1984-03-21 | 1984-07-16 | Bogaert P E E J | Charge-storing prefabricated photovoltaic window panel - has accumulator installed in skylight with electric lamp for prolongation of daylight |
| NL8701539A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-16 | Aloysius Marinus Luyken | Collector for storing heat from solar radiation - uses combination of screen which is orientated to admit or reflect sun rays |
| WO2005104819A1 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-10 | Johannes Van Tilborgh | Greenhouse having a daylight system |
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