IT202100024683A1 - COMPOSITION OF METALLIC POWDERS FOR THE CREATION OF FRICTION MATERIALS - Google Patents
COMPOSITION OF METALLIC POWDERS FOR THE CREATION OF FRICTION MATERIALS Download PDFInfo
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- IT202100024683A1 IT202100024683A1 IT102021000024683A IT202100024683A IT202100024683A1 IT 202100024683 A1 IT202100024683 A1 IT 202100024683A1 IT 102021000024683 A IT102021000024683 A IT 102021000024683A IT 202100024683 A IT202100024683 A IT 202100024683A IT 202100024683 A1 IT202100024683 A1 IT 202100024683A1
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- Prior art keywords
- bismuth
- composition according
- composition
- iron
- satellites
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 Bismuth-Tin metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ONVGHWLOUOITNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zn].[Bi] Chemical compound [Zn].[Bi] ONVGHWLOUOITNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LEHUDBPYSAPFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;bismuth Chemical compound [AlH3].[Bi] LEHUDBPYSAPFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Bi] JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012767 functional filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical class [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
- C22C49/08—Iron group metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
- F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
- F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D13/00—Friction clutches
- F16D13/58—Details
- F16D13/60—Clutching elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Description
Descrizione della domanda di brevetto per invenzione industriale dal titolo: Description of the patent application for an industrial invention entitled:
"Composizione di polveri metalliche per la realizzazione di materiali di attrito". "Composition of metal powders for the production of friction materials".
Descrizione Description
La presente invenzione si riferisce a una composizione di polveri metalliche per la realizzazione di materiali di attrito. The present invention relates to a composition of metal powders for making friction materials.
Pi? in particolare, la presente invenzione si riferisce a una composizione di polveri metalliche per la realizzazione di materiali di attrito organici, specialmente del tipo utilizzato nella produzione di elementi frenanti come pastiglie e dischi frizione per autoveicoli o loro rivestimenti. Si tratta nel complesso di freni appartenenti alle classi di materiali d'attrito denominate NAO "Asbestos-free Organic friction material" e LS "low Steel friction material", destinati al settore automotive e anche ad applicazioni su materiale rotabile, pale eoliche, motocicli e biciclette. Pi? in particular, the present invention relates to a composition of metal powders for the production of organic friction materials, especially of the type used in the production of braking elements such as pads and clutch discs for motor vehicles or their linings. Overall, these are brakes belonging to the classes of friction materials called NAO "Asbestos-free Organic friction material" and LS "low Steel friction material", intended for the automotive sector and also for applications on rolling stock, wind turbines, motorcycles and bicycles.
Come ? noto, per la produzione di materiali di attrito sono utilizzate mescole di svariati componenti, come fibre organiche, fibre metalliche e naturali, leganti e abrasivi; questi ultimi incrementano il coefficiente d'attrito e rendono pulita la superficie di contatto rimuovendo i depositi. Sono pure utilizzati lubrificanti e ossidi o solfuri, e vari filler funzionali sostituti dell'Amianto, che ? stato da tempo eliminato a causa della sua accertata nocivit?. Oltre all'Amianto, nelle recenti formulazioni del mix di componenti viene tendenzialmente escluso anche il Rame, a causa del suo impatto negativo sullambiente, in particolare sui livelli di ossigeno nellambiente marino e nell'acqua dolce; l'esigenza di eliminare o almeno ridurre in modo sostanziale l'utilizzo di tale materiale trae origine da una recente normativa statunitense. D'altra parte, il Rame costituisce un elemento chiave nella realizzazione dei componenti di cui si tratta, limitandone l'usura, migliorando la frenata e contribuendo sia alla stabilit? del coefficiente di attrito che alla dissipazione termica; ne deriva l'attuale esigenza di realizzare mescole in grado di sopperire alla carenza non solo di Amianto ma anche di Rame, per ottenere materiali di attrito asbestos e copper-free tali da garantire comunque adeguati livelli prestazionali. As ? known, for the production of friction materials, mixtures of various components are used, such as organic fibers, metallic and natural fibers, binders and abrasives; the latter increase the friction coefficient and clean the contact surface by removing deposits. Lubricants and oxides or sulphides are also used, and various functional filler substitutes for Asbestos, which is? long since been eliminated due to its proven harmfulness. In addition to asbestos, in the recent formulations of the mix of components, copper is also tended to be excluded, due to its negative impact on the environment, in particular on the oxygen levels in the marine environment and in fresh water; the need to eliminate or at least substantially reduce the use of this material originates from a recent US regulation. On the other hand, copper is a key element in the construction of the components in question, limiting wear, improving braking and contributing to both stability and stability. of the friction coefficient and the thermal dissipation; hence the current need to create compounds capable of making up for the shortage not only of asbestos but also of copper, to obtain asbestos and copper-free friction materials such as to guarantee adequate performance levels in any case.
Sono note soluzioni in cui il contenuto in Rame della mescola ? limitato ed ? abbinato a polveri di Stagno e Zinco; in particolare, come ad esempio descritto in US 8,536,244 lo Stagno costituisce l'involucro per una pluralit? di nuclei Ferrosi. Questa soluzione comporta per? costi di produzione di notevole entit?. Are there known solutions in which the copper content of the compound ? limited and ? combined with Tin and Zinc powders; in particular, as for example described in US 8,536,244, Tin constitutes the casing for a plurality of of ferrous nuclei. This solution involves for? significant production costs.
Da EP 2944 843 ? nota la soluzione di realizzare un materiale di frizione privo di Amianto e di Rame, comprendente particelle non sferiche formate da un nucleo metallico rivestito almeno in parte da uno strato di Stagno o suoi composti; ? stato tuttavia rilevato che tale materiale, pur risultando idoneo alla realizzazione di pastiglie freno, non soddisfa completamente i requisiti di efficienza di un composto integrante il Rame come materiale di base. From EP 2944 843 ? the known solution is to produce a friction material free of asbestos and copper, comprising non-spherical particles formed by a metal core covered at least in part by a layer of tin or its compounds; ? however, it has been found that this material, while being suitable for making brake pads, does not completely satisfy the efficiency requirements of a compound incorporating copper as the base material.
EP 0 654 616 descrive una composizione per freni comprendente fibre aramidiche, fibre organiche e inorganiche, lubrificanti, leganti organici e solfuri di Stagno per ridurre il rischio di rottura dei componenti friction partners che cooperano con il freno stesso in presenza di elevate temperature. EP 0 654 616 discloses a composition for brakes comprising aramid fibres, organic and inorganic fibres, lubricants, organic binders and tin sulphides to reduce the risk of breakage of the friction partner components which cooperate with the brake itself in the presence of high temperatures.
EP 1482 204 si riferisce a una composizione in cui sono presenti almeno tre sostanze con diversi punti di fusione, selezionate tra Stagno, leghe di Stagno e composti di Stagno; vi ? comunque anche la presenza di Rame, in quanto la composizione comprende dal 4 al 10% di fibre di Bronzo. EP 1482 204 refers to a composition in which at least three substances with different melting points are present, selected from Tin, Tin alloys and Tin compounds; there ? however also the presence of Copper, as the composition includes from 4 to 10% of Bronze fibers.
Scopo della presente invenzione ? quello di ovviare agli inconvenienti rilevabili dai documenti di arte nota. Purpose of the present invention? that of obviating the drawbacks detectable from the documents of the prior art.
Pi? in particolare, lo scopo dell'invenzione ? quello di provvedere una composizione di polveri metalliche per la realizzazione di materiali di attrito in linea con l'evoluzione tecnologica delle pastiglie freno orientata al "Copper-free" ma comunque in grado di garantire prestazioni complessive molto simili a quelle di mescole integranti Rame. Pi? in particular, the purpose of the invention ? that of providing a composition of metallic powders for the creation of friction materials in line with the technological evolution of brake pads oriented towards "Copper-free" but in any case capable of guaranteeing overall performance very similar to those of copper-integrated compounds.
Ulteriore scopo dell'invenzione ? quello di provvedere una composizione di polveri metalliche in grado di limitare i costi di produzione e di ridurre l'usura di attrito tra i componenti (friction partners). Further purpose of the invention ? that of providing a composition of metal powders capable of limiting production costs and reducing friction wear between the components (friction partners).
Questi e altri scopi ancora vengono raggiunti dalla composizione di polveri metalliche della presente invenzione in accordo con la rivendicazione principale. Le caratteristiche della composizione stessa potranno essere meglio comprese dalla descrizione che segue, in cui si fa riferimento alle allegate figure in cui: These and still other objects are achieved by the metal powder composition of the present invention in accordance with the main claim. The characteristics of the composition itself can be better understood from the following description, in which reference is made to the attached figures in which:
la figura 1 rappresenta l'esito di un'osservazione al microscopio elettronico a scansione (SEM) di detta composizione in visione allargata; figure 1 represents the result of an observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of said composition in an enlarged view;
la figura 2 rappresenta l'esito di un'osservazione in visione particolareggiata al microscopio elettronico a scansione della stessa composizione. figure 2 represents the result of a detailed view observation with a scanning electron microscope of the same composition.
La composizione della presente invenzione comprende convenzionalmente diverse classi di componenti, come ad esempio materiali fibrosi di base, leganti e riempitivi, lubrificanti e abrasivi. I materiali fibrosi sono costituiti di preferenza da fibre organiche, inorganiche e minerali, mentre i leganti e i riempitivi sono scelti tra resine fenoliche, friction dust, gomme e polverini, solfati, carbonati e titanati metallici, coke. Tra i lubrificanti e gli abrasivi si indicano a titolo orientativo e non limitativo grafite, solfuri metallici, silicati e ossidi metallici. Il Rame pu? essere al massimo rinvenibile nella composizione in tracce, presenti in maniera involontaria. Altri elementi utilizzati per l'ottenimento della composizione della presente invenzione possono ritenersi compresi nel novero di quelli tradizionalmente presenti nelle mescole della tecnica nota. The composition of the present invention conventionally comprises different classes of components, such as for example fibrous base materials, binders and fillers, lubricants and abrasives. The fibrous materials preferably consist of organic, inorganic and mineral fibres, while the binders and fillers are selected from phenolic resins, friction dust, rubbers and powders, sulphates, carbonates and metal titanates, coke. Among the lubricants and abrasives, graphite, metal sulfides, silicates and metal oxides are indicated, by way of non-limiting example. Copper can be at most found in the composition in traces, present involuntarily. Other elements used to obtain the composition of the present invention can be considered included in the category of those traditionally present in the blends of the prior art.
Secondo l'invenzione, la composizione della presente invenzione comprende, come materiali di base, Ferro e Bismuto (FeBi); il comportamento fisico-meccanico e tribologico di questa mescola ? stato analizzato, come nel seguito reso evidente, in confronto a polveri di Ferro e di Rame. Questi materiali sono presenti nella composizione in una percentuale in volume compresa tra 1 e 20%, preferibilmente tra 2 e 10%. According to the invention, the composition of the present invention comprises, as base materials, Iron and Bismuth (FeBi); the physical-mechanical and tribological behavior of this compound? been analysed, as hereinafter made evident, in comparison with iron and copper powders. These materials are present in the composition in a volume percentage ranging from 1 to 20%, preferably from 2 to 10%.
La composizione della presente invenzione presenta il vantaggio di non formare con il Ferro composti intermetallici con caratteristiche poco prevedibili e variabili a seconda delle diverse condizioni di utilizzo. Il comportamento del FeBi resta costante e con propriet? lubrificanti. Rispetto al Rame non presenta aspetti negativi sull'ambiente, ha una migliore resistenza all'usura e alla corrosione rispetto al solo Ferro e una minore reattivit? e tendenza a formare composti intermetallici complessi rispetto allo Stagno. The composition of the present invention has the advantage of not forming intermetallic compounds with iron having unpredictable and variable characteristics according to the different conditions of use. The behavior of the FeBi remains constant and with properties? lubricants. Compared to copper it does not have negative aspects on the environment, it has better resistance to wear and corrosion than iron alone and a lower reactivity? and tendency to form complex intermetallic compounds with respect to Tin.
La polvere della composizione secondo la presente invenzione presenta le seguenti caratteristiche fisiche: The powder of the composition according to the present invention has the following physical characteristics:
Densit? Apparente tra 2.0 - 3.0 g/cmm<2 >secondo norma ASTM B212 Density? Apparent between 2.0 - 3.0 g/cmm<2 >according to ASTM B212 standard
Scorrevolezza massimo 50 secondi secondo norma ASTM B 213 Distribuzione granulometrica secondo norma ASTM B 214 >250 ?m 0-5% Flowability maximum 50 seconds according to ASTM B 213 standard Particle size distribution according to ASTM B 214 standard >250 ?m 0-5%
>212 ?m 0-10% >212?m 0-10%
>150 ?m 40% max >150 ?m 40% max
>45 ??m 70% min >45m 70% min
Dalle prove sperimentali svolte dalla richiedente e dal confronto tra la composizione della presente invenzione (denominata Brakealloy-B) e composizioni includenti polveri di Ferro e di Rame ? emerso che la mescola con FeBi ? quella che pi? si avvicina alle prestazioni del Rame, che nello stato dell'arte della tecnica dei freni ? considerato il riferimento primario; tale mescola ? infatti in grado di garantire, come sintetizzato nello schema riportato a pagina 9, prestazioni complessive molto simili a quelle di mescole integranti Rame in quantit? apprezzabile, pur essendo sostanzialmente priva di tale materiale o di componenti che lo incorporano. In tale schema, che riporta i risultati derivati da una serie "n" di frenate effettuate con un determinato veicolo, si rileva che la curva riferita alla composizione Brakealloy FeBi, rappresentata in colore grigio, si avvicina sensibilmente, fino a coincidere e a sovrapporsi, in certi punti, con la curva riferita al Rame e rappresentata in colore azzurro; la curva di colore giallo ? invece riferita al Ferro. Da considerare il fatto che tale composizione risulta ottenibile in maniera economica, stante il fatto che il Bismuto ha un costo decisamente inferiore a quello dello Stagno utilizzato in altre note formulazioni. Da rilevare ulteriormente che, mentre le note composizioni includenti Ferro e Stagno danno luogo alla formazione di composti intermetallici, ci? non si verifica nella composizione con Ferro e Bismuto; le tecniche di processo risultano quindi semplificate e migliorative, cos? come migliore ? la stabilit? qualitativa del prodotto ottenuto. From the experimental tests carried out by the Applicant and from the comparison between the composition of the present invention (called Brakealloy-B) and compositions including Iron and Copper powders? emerged that mixes it with FeBi ? the one that pi? approaches the performance of copper, which in the state of the art of brake technology? considered the primary reference; such mix ? in fact able to guarantee, as summarized in the diagram on page 9, overall performance very similar to those of compounds integrating Copper in quantity? appreciable, even though it is substantially devoid of such material or of components incorporating it. In this diagram, which shows the results derived from a series "n" of braking operations carried out with a specific vehicle, it can be seen that the curve referring to the Brakealloy FeBi composition, represented in gray, approaches significantly, until it coincides and overlaps, in certain points, with the curve referring to Copper and represented in blue; the yellow curve ? instead referred to Iron. It should be considered that this composition can be obtained economically, given the fact that Bismuth has a decidedly lower cost than that of Tin used in other well-known formulations. It should be further noted that, while the known compositions including Iron and Tin give rise to the formation of intermetallic compounds, this? does not occur in composition with Iron and Bismuth; the process techniques are therefore simplified and improved, so? how better ? the stability? quality of the product obtained.
Come si rileva dalle figure 1 e 2 allegate, la polvere di Ferro e Bismuto (FeBi) della composizione della presente invenzione mostra una morfologia satellitare; un cuore o nucleo in Ferro (in colore grigio) e satelliti di Bismuto (in colore bianco e con dimensioni apprezzabilmente inferiori rispetto al cuore in Ferro). Le diverse particelle sono coese le une alle altre, non meccanicamente separabili. La figura 2 presenta una visione dettagliata del cuore in Ferro, cui sono fissati due satelliti in Bismuto di rilevante dimensione e altri di dimensione pi? ridotta. As can be seen from the attached figures 1 and 2, the Iron and Bismuth (FeBi) powder of the composition of the present invention shows a satellite morphology; an iron core or core (gray) and satellites of bismuth (white and appreciably smaller than the iron core). The different particles are cohesive with each other, not mechanically separable. Figure 2 presents a detailed view of the Iron core, to which two large Bismuth satellites and others of a larger size are fixed. reduced.
La composizione sopra descritta fa specifico riferimento a particelle di Ferro inteso come metallo allo stato puro o al pi? con impurezze tipiche dei processi industriali di produzione. Si intende tuttavia che la presente invenzione potr? prevedere la sostituzione della particella primaria o cuore in Ferro con una particella di lega Ferro-Carbonio (Acciaio basso legato) e/o di lega di Acciaio alto legato, includendo in questa definizione leghe di Acciaio composte con tenori di Cromo fino al 30% e/o Nickel, e/o Molibdeno e/o Alluminio, ricomprendendo in sostanza la totalit? degli acciai cosiddetti inossidabili. The composition described above makes specific reference to particles of Iron intended as a metal in its pure state or at most? with impurities typical of industrial production processes. However, it is understood that the present invention could provide for the replacement of the primary particle or iron core with an iron-carbon alloy particle (low alloy steel) and/or high alloy steel alloy, including in this definition compound steel alloys with chromium contents up to 30% and / or Nickel, and / or Molybdenum and / or Aluminum, essentially including the totality? of the so-called stainless steels.
Allo stesso modo, le particelle di bismuto sono intese come metallo allo stato puro o al pi? con impurezze tipiche dei processi industriali di produzione, ma ? da prevedersi che le particelle definite satellitari o satelliti possano essere sostituite con particelle di leghe di Bismuto- Stagno (fino al 50% di Stagno) oppure Bismuto-Alluminio (con Alluminio fino a 30%), o ancora Bismuto-Zinco (con Zinco fino a 30%) o infine con leghe ternarie e quaternarie dei metalli Bismuto-Stagno-Zinco-Alluminio. Dette particelle definite satellitari, inoltre, potranno a loro volta presentare satelliti non meccanicamente separabili di metalli quali Alluminio, Zinco e Stagno. Similarly, bismuth particles are understood as a metal in its pure state or at most with impurities typical of industrial production processes, but ? it is to be expected that the particles defined as satellites or satellites can be replaced with particles of Bismuth-Tin alloys (up to 50% of Tin) or Bismuth-Aluminium (with Aluminum up to 30%), or even Bismuth-Zinc (with Zinc up to to 30%) or finally with ternary and quaternary alloys of Bismuth-Tin-Zinc-Aluminium metals. Said particles defined as satellites, moreover, may in turn have satellites that are not mechanically separable made of metals such as Aluminium, Zinc and Tin.
Bench? la presente descrizione sia riferita a una forma di realizzazione esemplificativa, i tecnici esperti nello stato dell'arte riconosceranno che modifiche e integrazioni potranno essere apportate a forma e dettagli senza scostarsi dall'oggetto della materia rivendicata. Ad esempio, in relazione a una o pi? caratteristiche che offrono uno o pi? vantaggi, ? da prevedere che esse possano essere scambiate una con l'altra o alternativamente combinate tra loro nelle forme di esecuzione esemplificative o in altre forme di esecuzione alternative come sopra definite. La presente descrizione ? manifestamente intesa per essere la pi? ampia possibile per cui, in assenza di differenti annotazioni specifiche, le rivendicazioni comprendenti un unico elemento particolare si applicano anche a una pluralit? di tali elementi particolari. Bench? the present description refers to an exemplary embodiment, those skilled in the state of the art will recognize that modifications and additions can be made to the shape and details without departing from the subject matter claimed. For example, in relation to one or more features that offer one or more? advantages, ? to provide that they can be exchanged with each other or alternatively combined with each other in the exemplary embodiments or in other alternative embodiments as defined above. This description ? clearly intended to be the pi? wide possible for which, in the absence of different specific annotations, the claims comprising a single particular element also apply to a plurality of these particular elements.
Claims (9)
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EP0654616A1 (en) | 1993-11-24 | 1995-05-24 | TEXTAR GmbH | Mixture for friction lining for brakes and clutches |
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EP0654616A1 (en) | 1993-11-24 | 1995-05-24 | TEXTAR GmbH | Mixture for friction lining for brakes and clutches |
EP1482204A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-01 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Friction material |
US8536244B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2013-09-17 | Honeywell Bremsbelag Gmbh | Friction lining mixture for a friction material, in particular for brake and clutch linings |
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