IT202100014120A1 - Food packaging film with multi-barrier effect - Google Patents
Food packaging film with multi-barrier effect Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- IT202100014120A1 IT202100014120A1 IT102021000014120A IT202100014120A IT202100014120A1 IT 202100014120 A1 IT202100014120 A1 IT 202100014120A1 IT 102021000014120 A IT102021000014120 A IT 102021000014120A IT 202100014120 A IT202100014120 A IT 202100014120A IT 202100014120 A1 IT202100014120 A1 IT 202100014120A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- polyphenols
- pectin
- film according
- packaging film
- packaging
- Prior art date
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- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims description 46
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- VLEUZFDZJKSGMX-ONEGZZNKSA-N pterostilbene Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(\C=C\C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=C1 VLEUZFDZJKSGMX-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VLEUZFDZJKSGMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pterostilbene Natural products COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C=CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=C1 VLEUZFDZJKSGMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N Trans-resveratrol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
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- 150000003436 stilbenoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/048—Forming gas barrier coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
- C08J2305/06—Pectin; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
- C08J2405/06—Pectin; Derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
CAMPO DELL?INVENZIONE FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invenzione attiene al campo dei materiali per packaging di materiali sensibili ai fattori ambientali, in particolare alimenti. Si trattano in particolare films di packaging con effetto barriera nei confronti di molteplici contaminanti ambientali. The present invention relates to the field of packaging materials for materials sensitive to environmental factors, in particular foods. In particular, these are packaging films with a barrier effect against multiple environmental contaminants.
STATO DELLA TECNICA STATE OF THE ART
I films polimerici sono ampiamente usati per il confezionamento e la protezione di prodotti vari. Sono comunemente realizzati con materiali cellulosici o plastici quali ad es. polietilene (PE), polipropilene (PP), polietilene tereftalato (PET), ecc.. Questi materiali presentano ottime propriet? meccaniche, ma sono piuttosto permeabili a fattori di degradazione (ad es. aria, ossigeno, umidit?, vapori, radiazione ultravioletta, batteri), pertanto presentano caratteristiche non ideali per il packaging di prodotti deperibili quali alimenti o farmaci. Per incrementare l?effetto barriera dei suddetti materiali, ? noto aggiungervi strati di materiali differenti (accoppiamento), sfruttando in maniera additiva la specifica propriet? di ogni singolo strato. Un tipico esempio ? il film di packaging multistrato PET-alluminio-(PE), in cui alle propriet? meccaniche e di stampabilit? del PET sono associate quelle di barriera (ossigeno, luce e vapor d?acqua) dell?alluminio e quelle di saldabilit? e idoneit? al contatto alimentare del PE. Tuttavia, l?applicazione di multistrati aumenta la complessit? del manufatto ed il suo impatto ambientale, soprattutto in termini di riciclabilit?, vista l?impossibilit? di separare in maniera efficiente i singoli strati. Polymer films are widely used for packaging and protecting various products. They are commonly made with cellulosic or plastic materials such as e.g. polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc.. These materials have excellent properties? mechanical, but are rather permeable to degradation factors (e.g. air, oxygen, humidity, vapours, ultraviolet radiation, bacteria), therefore they do not have ideal characteristics for the packaging of perishable products such as food or medicines. To increase the barrier effect of the aforementioned materials, ? known to add layers of different materials (coupling), exploiting in an additive way the specific property? of each individual layer. A typical example? the PET-aluminum-(PE) multilayer packaging film, in which the properties? mechanical and printability? of PET are associated those barrier (oxygen, light and vapour? Water) of aluminum and those of weldability? and fitness to food contact of PE. However, the application of multilayers increases the complexity? of the artifact and its environmental impact, especially in terms of recyclability?, given the? impossibility? to efficiently separate the individual layers.
Le normative antiinquinamento e per lo smaltimento/riciclo dei materiali plastici rendono sempre pi? attuale la necessit? di films chimicamente semplici, ovvero facilmente scindibili nei rispettivi polimeri costitutivi in fase di riciclo del materiale. Altre normative promuovono la realizzazione di materiali di packaging ?leggeri?, ovvero protettivamente efficaci senza eccedere nello spessore/quantit? di materiale utilizzato, con l?evidente vantaggio di un minore impatto ambientale. The anti-pollution regulations and for the disposal/recycling of plastic materials make it more and more? current need? of chemically simple films, i.e. easily separable into the respective constituent polymers in the material recycling phase. Other regulations promote the creation of ?light?, i.e. protectively effective packaging materials without exceeding in thickness/quantity? of material used, with the obvious advantage of a lower environmental impact.
Esempi di films di packaging sono ampiamente descritti nella letteratura brevettuale. Ad esempio, nella domanda di brevetto WO2010/089787 si descrive la deposizione in strato sottile di soluzioni di polisaccaridi (in particolare pectina, chitosano, gelatina) su film di packaging usati nel settore alimentare e farmaceutico. Si ottiene un film con elevata resistenza alla permeazione di ossigeno; esso mostra inoltre elevate propriet? adesive e di trasparenza. La domanda di brevetto EP 3 705 543 mostra l?uso di pectina amidata come primer di adesione o sostanza ancorante, da interporre tra due o pi? strati polimerici adiacenti facenti parte di un film di packaging multistrato. Entrambe queste soluzioni forniscono un effetto barriera nei confronti di un numero limitato di agenti, in particolare l?ossigeno. Examples of packaging films are widely described in the patent literature. For example, patent application WO2010/089787 describes the thin layer deposition of polysaccharide solutions (in particular pectin, chitosan, gelatin) on packaging films used in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. A film with high resistance to oxygen permeation is obtained; it also shows high properties? adhesive and transparent. Patent application EP 3 705 543 shows the use of amidated pectin as an adhesion primer or anchoring substance, to be interposed between two or more? adjacent polymer layers forming part of a multilayer packaging film. Both of these solutions provide a barrier effect against a limited number of agents, in particular oxygen.
Gli esempi noti di film di packaging risultano generalmente poco efficaci nel fornire protezione simultanea contro molteplici contaminanti ambientali; rimane generalmente difficile conciliare la necessit? di un effetto barriera ad ampio spettro (in particolare contro radiazioni UV, ossigeno, batteri), senza aumentare in modo significativo lo spessore e/o complessit? strutturale del film di packaging. Resta dunque sentita la necessit? di nuovi film di packaging aventi un efficace effetto multi-barriera, che siano strutturalmente semplici, comportanti un numero pi? basso possibile di componenti polimerici, e con spessori sottili ovvero non eccedenti gli intervalli convenzionali per tali prodotti e possibilmente con spessori inferiori senza compromettere le propriet? meccaniche e di barriera del film. Known examples of packaging films are generally not very effective in providing simultaneous protection against multiple environmental contaminants; remains generally difficult to reconcile the need? of a broad spectrum barrier effect (particularly against UV radiation, oxygen, bacteria), without significantly increasing the thickness and/or complexity? structure of the packaging film. Is the need therefore felt? of new packaging films having an effective multi-barrier effect, which are structurally simple, involving a higher number? as low as possible of polymeric components, and with thin thicknesses or not exceeding the conventional ranges for such products and possibly with lower thicknesses without compromising the properties? mechanical and barrier characteristics of the film.
SOMMARIO SUMMARY
Si descrive un nuovo film di packaging, adatto in particolare a prodotti alimentari, comprendente una miscela di pectina e uno o pi? polifenoli. Detta miscela pu? essere utilizzata tal quale come film di packaging o essere depositata come rivestimento su un film di supporto. In entrambi i casi, il film risultante ? strutturalmente leggero ed ? caratterizzato da un effetto multi-barriera nei confronti di differenti fattori di degradazione presenti nell?ambiente, preferibilmente ossigeno, radiazioni ultraviolette e batteri. Il film comporta l?utilizzo di non pi? di due componenti polimerici, ovvero la pectina e quello componente il film di supporto, se presente. In fase di riciclo, il film pectinico ? facilmente eliminabile per dilavamento; se depositato su un film di supporto, ? facilmente separabile da esso. I film di packaging secondo l?invenzione comportano l?uso di prodotti di origine naturale, il che contribuisce al basso impatto ambientale del prodotto. A new packaging film is described, particularly suitable for food products, comprising a mixture of pectin and one or more? polyphenols. This mixture can be used as such as a packaging film or be deposited as a coating on a support film. In both cases, the resulting film? structurally light and ? characterized by a multi-barrier effect against different degradation factors present in the environment, preferably oxygen, ultraviolet radiation and bacteria. The film involves the use of no more? of two polymeric components, i.e. the pectin and the component of the support film, if present. In the recycling phase, the pectin film? easily eliminated by washing away; if deposited on a support film, ? easily separated from it. The packaging films according to the invention involve the use of products of natural origin, which contributes to the low environmental impact of the product.
DESCRIZIONE DELLE FIGURE DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figura 1: valori di trasmittanza UV di films di pectina e singoli polifenoli come descritto nell?esempio 1. Figure 1: UV transmittance values of pectin films and single polyphenols as described in example 1.
Figura 2: valori di trasmittanza UV di films di polipropilene provvisti di un rivestimento a base di pectina e una combinazione di ?viniferina e pterostilbene come descritto nell?esempio 3. Figure 2: UV transmittance values of polypropylene films provided with a pectin-based coating and a combination of ?viniferin and pterostilbene as described in example 3.
Figura 3: effetto antibatterico di un film di polipropilene parzialmente ricoperto con la combinazione di polifenoli descritta nell?esempio 3. Figure 3: Antibacterial effect of a polypropylene film partially coated with the combination of polyphenols described in example 3.
DESCRIZIONE DETTAGLIATA DELL?INVENZIONE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Il film di packaging oggetto della presente invenzione comprende una miscela di pectina e uno o pi? polifenoli, utilizzabile da sola come film di packaging oppure depositata come rivestimento protettivo su un film di supporto. The packaging film object of the present invention comprises a mixture of pectin and one or more? polyphenols, usable alone as a packaging film or deposited as a protective coating on a support film.
Il film di supporto pu? essere costituito da un qualunque materiale polimerico utilizzato per formare films di packaging; esempi non limitativi di tali materiali sono: polietilene (PE), polietilene tereftalato (PET), polietilene a bassa densit? (LDPE), polietilene ad alta densit? (HDPE), polipropilene (PP), polistirene (PS), polivinilcloruro (PVC), polivinilidene cloruro (PVDC), poliesteri (es. Nylon), acido polilattico (PLA), acido poliglicolico (PGA), etilene vinil acetato (EVAc), etilene vinil alcol (EVOH), poliidrossibutirrato (PHB), policaprolattone (PCL), policarbonato (PC), poliidrossialcanoati (PHAs), polibutilene succinato (PBS), poliammide (PA), cellulosa, amido, chitosano, gelatina, bioplastiche, e loro miscele. Il film di supporto ha uno spessore convenzionale per i film di packaging alimentari, essendo generalmente compreso tra 0.1 e 10 micrometri. The supporting film can be made of any polymeric material used to form packaging films; non-limiting examples of these materials are: polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyesters (e.g. Nylon), polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVAc) , ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polycaprolactone (PCL), polycarbonate (PC), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyamide (PA), cellulose, starch, chitosan, gelatin, bioplastics, and their blends. The support film has a conventional thickness for food packaging films, generally being between 0.1 and 10 micrometres.
Ai sensi dell?invenzione, il film di supporto ? rivestito con un coating comprendente pectina e uno o pi? polifenoli; il rivestimento pu? essere applicato su una o entrambe le superfici del film; preferibilmente ? applicato su una sola delle due superfici del film. According to the invention, the support film is coated with a coating comprising pectin and one or more? polyphenols; the coating can? be applied to one or both surfaces of the film; preferably ? applied on only one of the two surfaces of the film.
Il termine ?pectina? qui utilizzato si intende inclusivo di derivati della pectina: un esempio preferito di derivato della pectina, utilizzabile nell?invenzione, ? la pectina amidata: in essa, come noto, uno o pi? gruppi carbossilici presenti nelle rispettive unit? di acido galatturonico della pectina sono convertite in una corrispondente ammide. Preferibilmente si utilizza pectina amidata con grado di amidazione (DA) compreso tra 15 e 65 (DA), pi? preferibilmente compreso tra 20 e 40 (DA). La pectina amidata pu? opzionalmente possedere anche un grado di esterificazione (DE), dove un certo numero di gruppi carbossilici ? stato esterificato, ad esempio con alcool metilico; preferibilmente il grado di esterificazione ? compreso tra 7 e 75 (DE), pi? preferibilmente tra 10 e 30 (DE). In una forma di realizzazione preferita la pectina amidata ha un grado di esterificazione (DE) compreso tra 7 e 75 e un grado di amidazione (DA) compreso tra 15 e 65. In un'altra forma di realizzazione, la pectina amidata ha un grado di esterificazione (DE) compreso tra 10 e 30 e un grado di amidazione (DA) compreso tra 20 e 40. The term ?pectin? used herein is understood to include pectin derivatives: a preferred example of a pectin derivative, which can be used in the invention, is the amidated pectin: in it, as known, one or more? carboxyl groups present in the respective units? of galacturonic acid of pectin are converted into a corresponding amide. Preferably, starched pectin is used with a degree of amidation (DA) between 15 and 65 (DA), more? preferably between 20 and 40 (DA). Amidated pectin can optionally also possess a degree of esterification (DE), where a certain number of carboxyl groups ? esterified state, for example with methyl alcohol; preferably the degree of esterification ? between 7 and 75 (DE), pi? preferably between 10 and 30 (DE). In a preferred embodiment the amidated pectin has a degree of esterification (DE) of between 7 and 75 and a degree of amidation (DA) of between 15 and 65. In another embodiment, the amidated pectin has a degree of esterification (DE) between 10 and 30 and an amidation degree (DA) between 20 and 40.
Lo strato di pectina ai sensi della presente invenzione, utilizzato in quanto tale come film di packaging o applicato ad un film di supporto, contiene, uniformemente dispersi all?interno della massa di pectina, uno o pi? polifenoli. Il termine ?polifenoli? ? qui riferito ampiamente a composti aventi almeno un gruppo arilico con uno o pi? gruppi ossidrile, liberi o impegnati in legami etere o estere. Preferibilmente, detti polifenoli sono scelti in uno o pi? classi scelte tra stilbenoidi, flavonoidi, acidi fenolici. The pectin layer according to the present invention, used as such as a packaging film or applied to a support film, contains, uniformly dispersed within the pectin mass, one or more polyphenols. The term ?polyphenols? ? Referred herein broadly to compounds having at least one aryl group with one or more? hydroxyl groups, free or engaged in ether or ester linkages. Preferably, said polyphenols are selected from one or more classes selected from stilbenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids.
Gli stilbenoidi sono una classe riconosciuta di sostanze naturali ossidrilate che condividono lo scheletro di base dello stilbene (difeniletilene); una rassegna di questi prodotti ? presente in Nat. Prod. Rep., 2012, 29, 1317, qui incorporata per riferimento. Stilbenoidi preferiti per l?uso nella presente invenzione sono quelli presenti in natura nelle piante del genere Vitacee; tra essi ? possibili citare: resveratrolo, viniferine (es. ?-viniferina, ?-viniferina, ?-viniferina), pterostilbene, cissusidi (es. cissuside A, cissuside B), pterostilbene, longistilina, cissusina, scirpusina, partenocissina, cifostemmina, quadrangularine (es. quadrangularina A, quadrangularina B, quadrangularina C), ampelopsina, partenostilbenina, laetevirenoli (es. laetevirenolo A, laetevirenolo B, laetevirenolo C, laetevirenolo D, laetevirenolo E) vinifereteri (es. viniferetere A, viniferetere B), amurensina, vitisina, gnetina, pallidolo, miyabenolo, flexusolo, vitisifurano, heyneanolo, wilsonolo, hopeafenolo, isohoppeafenolo, vaticanolo, chunganenolo, loro derivati e loro miscele. Una variante particolarmente preferita prevede l?impiego di uno o pi? stilbenoidi scelti tra viniferina (in particolare ?-viniferina, ?-viniferina, ?-viniferina), pterostilbene e resveratrolo; si ? infatti osservato che un rivestimento pectinico contenente questi polifenoli conferisce al film di supporto una significativa, simultanea protezione anti-UV, antimicrobica e antiossidante. Una combinazione particolarmente apprezzata ? quella tra viniferina (ad esempio ?-viniferina, ?-viniferina e/o ?-viniferina) e pterostilbene. Stilbenoids are a recognized class of naturally occurring hydroxylated substances that share the basic skeleton of stilbene (diphenylethylene); a review of these products ? present in Nat. Prod. Rep., 2012, 29, 1317, incorporated herein by reference. Preferred stilbenoids for use in the present invention are those naturally occurring in plants of the genus Vitaceae; between them? possible mention: resveratrol, viniferins (e.g. ?-viniferina, ?-viniferina, ?-viniferina), pterostilbene, cissusides (e.g. cissuside A, cissuside B), pterostilbene, longistilin, cissusine, scirpusina, parthenocissina, cifostemmina, quadrangularine (e.g. quadrangularin A, quadrangularin B, quadrangularin C), ampelopsin, parthenostilbenine, laetevirenols (e.g. laetevirenol A, laetevirenol B, laetevirenol C, laetevirenol D, laetevirenol E) viniferethers (e.g. viniferether A, viniferether B), amurensin, vitisine, gnetin , pallidol, miyabenol, flexusol, vitisifuran, heyneanol, wilsonol, hopeaphenol, isohoppeaphenol, vaticanol, chunganenol, derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof. A particularly preferred variant provides for the use of one or more? stilbenoids selected from viniferine (in particular ?-viniferina, ?-viniferina, ?-viniferina), pterostilbene and resveratrol; Yes ? in fact it has been observed that a pectin coating containing these polyphenols gives the support film significant, simultaneous anti-UV, antimicrobial and antioxidant protection. A particularly popular combination? that between viniferin (for example ?-viniferin, ?-viniferin and/or ?-viniferin) and pterostilbene.
I flavonoidi sono sostanze di origine naturale, ampiamente note; per una review, si veda ad es. Int.J.Pharm.Sci.Nanotech., 4(2),2011, 1394-1398, qui incorporata per riferimento. Sottoclassi preferite di flavonoidi sono: flavoni, flavanoni, catechine, calconi e antocianine. Esempi di flavonoidi utilizzabili sono: apigenina, chrysina, kaempferolo, luteolina, myricetina, quercetina, rutina, fisetina, hesperetina, naringina, naringenina, taxifolina, catechina, cianidina, delphinidina, epicatechina, epicatechin gallato, malvidina, pelargonidina, peonidina, petunidina, galangina, loro derivati e loro miscele. Flavonoids are substances of natural origin, widely known; for a review, see e.g. Int.J.Pharm.Sci.Nanotech., 4(2),2011, 1394-1398 , incorporated herein by reference. Preferred subclasses of flavonoids are: flavones, flavanones, catechins, chalcones and anthocyanins. Examples of usable flavonoids are: apigenin, chrysina, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, quercetin, rutin, fisetin, hesperetin, naringin, naringenin, taxifolin, catechin, cyanidin, delphinidin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, galangin , their derivatives and their mixtures.
Gli acidi fenolici sono composti noti in letteratura: per una review, si veda ad es. Food Chemistry 2015, 173, 501-513, qui incorporata per riferimento. Gli acidi fenolici sono caratterizzati dai seguenti scheletri strutturali Phenolic acids are compounds known in the literature: for a review, see e.g. Food Chemistry 2015, 173, 501-513, incorporated herein by reference. Phenolic acids are characterized by the following structural skeletons
dove R1, R2, R3, R4 possono avere vari significati, in particolare idrogeno, idrossi, alcossi, ecc. Esempi di acidi fenolici utilizzabili ai sensi dell?invenzione sono: acido gallico, acido protocatechico, acido salicilico, acido 2,3-diidrossibenzoico, acido ellagico, acidi cumarici (ad es. acido p-cumarico), acido ferulico, acido sinapico, acido caffeico. where R1, R2, R3, R4 can have various meanings, in particular hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, etc. Examples of phenolic acids which can be used according to the invention are: gallic acid, protocatechic acid, salicylic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, ellagic acid, coumaric acids (e.g. p-coumaric acid), ferulic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic.
La concentrazione in peso di polifenoli all?interno del rivestimento pectinico ? preferibilmente compresa tra 0.0001 g/m<2 >e 1.0 g/m<2>, pi? preferibilmente tra 0.002 g/m<2 >e 0.2 g/m<2>. Quando si utilizzano due o pi? polifenoli in combinazione, il suddetto intervallo di concentrazione ? riferito alla somma dei polifenoli utilizzati. Detta concentrazione si intende misurata sul rivestimento pectinico finale a secco (ovvero dopo la sua deposizione sul film di supporto ed il successivo essiccamento), per m<2 >di superficie rivestita. The concentration by weight of polyphenols inside the pectin coating? preferably between 0.0001 g/m<2> and 1.0 g/m<2>, more? preferably between 0.002 g/m<2 > and 0.2 g/m<2>. When using two or more? polyphenols in combination, the aforementioned concentration range ? referred to the sum of the polyphenols used. Said concentration is understood to be measured on the final dry pectin coating (ie after its deposition on the support film and subsequent drying), per m<2> of coated surface.
Lo strato contenente pectina e polifenoli, quando utilizzato da solo come film di packaging presenta uno spessore generalmente compreso tra 10 micrometri e 100 micrometri. The layer containing pectin and polyphenols, when used alone as a packaging film, generally has a thickness between 10 micrometers and 100 micrometers.
Quando applicato al film di supporto, lo strato contenente pectina e polifenoli presenta uno spessore sottile, generalmente compreso tra 0.1 micrometri e 8 micrometri. Esempi di possibili sottointervalli di spessore di detto strato sono: 0,1?0,5 micrometri, 0,5? 1,0 micrometri, 1,0?1,5 micrometri, 1,5?2,0 micrometri, 2,0?2,5 micrometri, 2,5?3,0 micrometri, 3,0?3,5 micrometri, 3,5?4,0 micrometri, 4,0?4,5 micrometri, 4,5?5,0 micrometri, 5,0?5,5 micrometri, 5,5?6,0 micrometri, 6,0?6,5 micrometri, 6,5?7,0 micrometri, 7,0?7,5 micrometri, 7,5?8,0 micrometri. Ulteriori intervalli intermedi tra i suddetti estremi sono egualmente previsti e costituiscono parte dell?invenzione. I suddetti spessori si intendono misurati sul rivestimento pectinico finale a secco (ovvero dopo la sua deposizione sul film di supporto ed il successivo essiccamento). When applied to the support film, the layer containing pectin and polyphenols has a thin thickness, generally between 0.1 micrometres and 8 micrometres. Examples of possible thickness sub-ranges of said layer are: 0.1?0.5 micrometres, 0.5? 1.0 micrometer, 1.0?1.5 micrometer, 1.5?2.0 micrometer, 2.0?2.5 micrometer, 2.5?3.0 micrometer, 3.0?3.5 micrometer, 3.5?4.0 micrometers, 4.0?4.5 micrometers, 4.5?5.0 micrometers, 5.0?5.5 micrometers, 5.5?6.0 micrometers, 6.0?6 .5 micrometer, 6.5?7.0 micrometer, 7.0?7.5 micrometer, 7.5?8.0 micrometer. Further intermediate intervals between the aforesaid extremes are also foreseen and form part of the invention. The aforementioned thicknesses are intended as measured on the final dry pectin coating (ie after its deposition on the support film and subsequent drying).
Il rapporto in peso tra il film di supporto e lo strato di pectina comprensivo dei polifenoli ? preferibilmente compreso tra 50:1 e 5:1. Detto rapporto si intende misurato sul film di packaging finito a secco (ovvero dopo la deposizione dello strato pectinico e successivo essiccamento). The weight ratio between the support film and the pectin layer including the polyphenols? preferably between 50:1 and 5:1. Said ratio is understood to be measured on the finished dry packaging film (i.e. after the deposition of the pectin layer and subsequent drying).
La deposizione dello strato di pectina e polifenoli sul film di supporto pu? essere realizzata mediante tecniche di per s? note per la deposizione di strati polimerici sottili, eventualmente adattate dall?esperto del ramo in funzione dello specifico tipo di film di supporto da rivestire. Ad esempio, una soluzione o sospensione acquosa contenente pectina e polifenoli viene posta in una vasca a temperatura controllata dove un cilindro di metallo inciso la preleva e la stende sul film plastico secondo una quantit? ben definita fissata dal numero di incisioni e dimensioni/geometria sul rullo; il film plastico rivestito a umido subisce quindi un trattamento essiccante, ad es. mediante lampade a raggi infrarossi e/o passaggio in un tunnel riscaldato, in modo che l'umidit? residua all'interno del rivestimento venga espulsa. Altri metodi di rivestimento sono realizzati ad es. mediante nebulizzazione o mediante immersione, in accordo con le conoscenze generali del settore. The deposition of the layer of pectin and polyphenols on the support film can be achieved by techniques per s? known for the deposition of thin polymeric layers, possibly adapted by the skilled in the art according to the specific type of support film to be coated. For example, an aqueous solution or suspension containing pectin and polyphenols is placed in a temperature-controlled tank where an engraved metal cylinder picks it up and spreads it on the plastic film in a quantity well-defined fixed by the number of incisions and dimensions/geometry on the roll; the wet-coated plastic film then undergoes a desiccant treatment, e.g. using infrared lamps and / or passage in a heated tunnel, so that the humidity? residue inside the coating is expelled. Other coating methods are made e.g. by nebulization or by immersion, in accordance with the general knowledge of the sector.
Quando utilizzato per s? come film di packaging, lo strato di pectina pu? essere ottenuto mediante estrusione (ad esempio extrusion casting) o deposizione su templato ed evaporazione di solvente (solvent casting). When used for s? as a packaging film, the pectin layer can? be obtained by extrusion (e.g. extrusion casting) or deposition on template and solvent evaporation (solvent casting).
I film realizzati secondo l?invenzione presentano un significativo effetto multi-barriera nei confronti di molteplici fattori di degradazione ambientali, preferibilmente scelti tra: ossigeno, radiazione ultravioletta, batteri. Preferibilmente, l?attivit? di barriera non ? solo di tipo passivo (schermante), ma anche di tipo attivo (inibente): ad esempio, come mostrato nella parte sperimentale, il film prodotto secondo l?invenzione non ? solo passivamente impermeabile ai batteri, ma agisce anche attivamente producendo un effetto antibatterico su un prodotto contaminato da batteri quando ? messo a contatto con esso. Allo stesso modo, in un?ulteriore variante preferita, il film secondo l?invenzione non ? solo passivamente impermeabile all?ossigeno, ma agisce anche attivamente producendo un effetto antiossidante su un prodotto ossidabile quando ? messo a contatto con esso. I suddetti effetti multi-barriera sono caratteristici dello strato di rivestimento a base di pectina e polifenoli: di conseguenza essi incrementano l?effetto barriera, normalmente modesto e di spettro limitato, dello strato di supporto. The films made according to the invention have a significant multi-barrier effect against multiple environmental degradation factors, preferably selected from: oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, bacteria. Preferably, the activity? barrier not ? only of the passive type (shielding), but also of the active type (inhibiting): for example, as shown in the experimental part, the film produced according to the invention is not? only passively impervious to bacteria, but also actively acts by producing an antibacterial effect on a product contaminated by bacteria when ? put in contact with it. Likewise, in a further preferred variant, the film according to the invention is not only passively impermeable to oxygen, but also actively acts by producing an antioxidant effect on an oxidizable product when it is ? put in contact with it. The aforementioned multi-barrier effects are characteristic of the coating layer based on pectin and polyphenols: consequently they increase the normally modest and limited-spectrum barrier effect of the support layer.
Grazie alla quantit? minimale di rivestimento utilizzato, il film cos? ottenuto rientra nella categoria dei packaging ?leggeri? e pu? essere quindi smaltito o riciclato con ridotto impatto ambientale. E? inoltre da notare la natura ?GRAS? (generally-recognized-as-safe) del rivestimento applicato: infatti sia le pectine che i polifenoli utilizzati sono prodotti naturali: ci? evidenzia ulteriormente il basso impatto ambientale del presente film di packaging. Thanks to the quantity minimal coating used, the film cos? obtained falls into the category of ?light? and can therefore be disposed of or recycled with reduced environmental impact. AND? also note the nature ?GRAS? (generally-recognized-as-safe) of the applied coating: in fact, both the pectins and the polyphenols used are natural products: there? further highlights the low environmental impact of this packaging film.
PARTE SPERIMENTALE EXPERIMENTAL PART
Esempio 1 ? Films ?stand-alone? con polifenoli singoli In un primo step, l?efficacia delle soluzioni proposte ? stata verificata producendo dei rivestimenti ?stand-alone? aventi uno spessore di 80 um a partire da una soluzione acquosa di pectina al 3% p/p contenente un polifenolo; la soluzione ? stata applicata in quantit? tale da ottenere un carico di 1 g/m<2 >di polifenolo. I polifenoli utilizzati erano, alternativamente: resveratrolo, ?-viniferina, ?-viniferina o pterostilbene. Un film di sola pectina e senza polifenolo di identico spessore ? stato utilizzato come campione di controllo. Per tutti i campioni, il film ?stand-alone? finale ? stato ottenuto mediante tecnologia casting. Example 1 ? Films ?stand-alone? with single polyphenols In a first step, the effectiveness of the proposed solutions? been verified by producing ?stand-alone? having a thickness of 80 µm from a 3% w/w pectin aqueous solution containing a polyphenol; the solution ? been applied in quantity? such as to obtain a load of 1 g/m<2 > of polyphenol. The polyphenols used were, alternatively: resveratrol, ?-viniferin, ?-viniferin or pterostilbene. A film of only pectin and without polyphenol of identical thickness? was used as a control sample. For all champions, the ?stand-alone? the final ? been obtained by casting technology.
I films di packaging cos? ottenuti sono stati esposti ad una radiazione elettromagnetica avente lunghezza d?onda compresa tra 250 e 800 nm e sono stati registrati i relativi spettri di trasmissione. Per i films ricoperti con pectina e polifenoli in accordo con l?invenzione si ? osservato, rispetto al film di controllo, un significativo calo di trasmittanza della radiazione, variabilmente localizzato nella gamma compresa tra 300 e 500 nm (Figura 1): ci? supporta un significativo innalzamento di protezione dalla radiazione UV e, almeno in parte, visibile, ottenuto grazie al rivestimento di pectina e polifenoli in accordo con l?invenzione. The packaging films what? obtained were exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between 250 and 800 nm and the relative transmission spectra were recorded. For films coated with pectin and polyphenols in accordance with the invention yes? observed, compared to the control film, a significant drop in transmittance of the radiation, variably localized in the range between 300 and 500 nm (Figure 1): what? supports a significant increase in protection from UV and, at least in part, visible radiation, obtained thanks to the coating of pectin and polyphenols in accordance with the invention.
Esempio 2 ? Films rivestiti con polifenoli singoli Un film di supporto in polipropilene avente 30 micrometri di spessore ? stato rivestito con una soluzione acquosa di pectina al 3% p/p contenente un polifenolo; la soluzione ? stata applicata in quantit? tale da ottenere un carico di 3.8 mg di polifenolo/m<2 >nel rivestimento finale avente uno spessore finale di 0.3 ? 0.02 um. I polifenoli utilizzati erano, alternativamente: resveratrolo, ?-viniferina, ?-viniferina o pterostilbene. Un film di polipropilene (30 um di spessore) ? stato utilizzato come campione di controllo. Per tutti i campioni, il rivestimento ? stato effettuato mediante deposizione rotocalco, utilizzando un cilindro in grado di depositare una quantit? pari a 10 g/m<2 >di soluzione. I films rivestiti cos? ottenuti sono stati testati relativamente alle propriet? di impermeabilit? all?ossigeno. Come illustrato nella tabella seguente, tutti i films dell?invenzione hanno mostrato una spiccata impermeabilit? all?ossigeno rispetto al film di controllo (polipropilene). Example 2 ? Single Polyphenol Coated Films A polypropylene carrier film 30 micrometers thick ? been coated with a 3% w/w pectin aqueous solution containing a polyphenol; the solution ? been applied in quantity? such as to obtain a load of 3.8 mg of polyphenol/m<2 > in the final coating having a final thickness of 0.3 ? 0.02 um. The polyphenols used were, alternatively: resveratrol, ?-viniferin, ?-viniferin or pterostilbene. A polypropylene film (30 um thick) ? was used as a control sample. For all samples, the coating ? been carried out by gravure deposition, using a cylinder capable of depositing a quantity? equal to 10 g/m<2 > of solution. The films coated cos? obtained have been tested in relation to the properties? of impermeability? to oxygen. As illustrated in the following table, all the films of the invention have shown a marked impermeability? to oxygen compared to the control film (polypropylene).
? ?
*?23?C?e?0%?UR? pec?=?pectina;?res?=?resveratrolo;???vin?=???viniferina;???vin?=???viniferina;?pter?=?pterostilbene? ;;Gli stessi films sono stati testati relativamente alle propriet? antibatteriche. Rispetto al film di controllo, i films dell?invenzione hanno evidenziato una significativa attivit? antibatterica. ;Esempio 3 ? Films rivestiti con polifenoli combinati Un film di supporto in polipropilene avente 30 micrometri di spessore ? stato rivestito con una soluzione acquosa di pectina al 3% p/p e contenente ?-viniferina e pterostilbene in rapporto 1:1; la soluzione ? stata applicata in quantit? tale da ottenere un carico complessivo di 7.2 mg/m<2 >di polifenoli, 14.4 mg/m<2 >di polifenoli, 21.6 mg/m<2 >di polifenoli e 72.0 mg/m<2 >di polifenoli. Un film di polipropilene (30 um di spessore) ? stato utilizzato come campione di controllo. Per tutti i campioni, il rivestimento ? stato effettuato mediante deposizione rotocalco, utilizzando un cilindro in grado di depositare una quantit? pari a 10 g/m<2 >di soluzione, laddove necessario attraverso successive deposizioni. ;I films di packaging cos? ottenuti sono stati esposti ad una radiazione elettromagnetica avente lunghezza d?onda compresa tra 250 e 800 nm e sono stati registrati i relativi spettri di trasmissione. Per i films ricoperti con pectina e polifenoli in accordo con l?invenzione si ? osservato, rispetto al film di controllo, un significativo calo di trasmittanza della radiazione, variabilmente localizzato nella fascia compresa tra 250 e 450 nm (Figura 2): ci? supporta un significativo innalzamento di protezione da raggi UV e, almeno in parte, radiazione visibile, ottenuto grazie al rivestimento di pectina e polifenoli in accordo con l?invenzione. ;Gli stessi films sono stati testati relativamente alle propriet? di impermeabilit? all?ossigeno. Come illustrato nella tabella seguente, rispetto al film di controllo, tutti i films dell?invenzione hanno mostrato una spiccata impermeabilit? all?ossigeno. ; ;; *?23?C?e?0%?UR *?23?C?and?0%?UR? pec?=?pectin;?res?=?resveratrol;???vin?=???viniferina;???vin?=???viniferina;?pter?=?pterostilbene? ;;Were the films themselves tested for their properties? antibacterial. Compared to the control film, the films of the invention have shown a significant activity? antibacterial. ;Example 3 ? Combined Polyphenol Coated Films A polypropylene carrier film 30 micrometers thick ? coated with a 3% w/w pectin aqueous solution containing ?-viniferin and pterostilbene in a 1:1 ratio; the solution ? been applied in quantity? such as to obtain a total load of 7.2 mg/m<2 >of polyphenols, 14.4 mg/m<2 >of polyphenols, 21.6 mg/m<2 >of polyphenols and 72.0 mg/m<2 >of polyphenols. A polypropylene film (30 um thick) ? was used as a control sample. For all samples, the coating ? been carried out by gravure deposition, using a cylinder capable of depositing a quantity? equal to 10 g/m<2 > of solution, where necessary through successive deposits. ;Cos packaging films? obtained were exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between 250 and 800 nm and the relative transmission spectra were recorded. For films coated with pectin and polyphenols in accordance with the invention yes? observed, compared to the control film, a significant drop in transmittance of the radiation, variably localized in the range between 250 and 450 nm (Figure 2): what? supports a significant increase in protection from UV rays and, at least in part, visible radiation, obtained thanks to the coating of pectin and polyphenols in accordance with the invention. ;The same films have been tested in relation to the properties? of impermeability? to oxygen. As illustrated in the following table, with respect to the control film, all the films of the invention have shown a marked impermeability? to oxygen. ; ;; *?23?C?and?0%?RH
Gli stessi films in accordo con l?invenzione sono stati testati relativamente alle propriet? antibatteriche. La figura 3 mostra l?attivit? antimicrobica di un film di polipropilene (PP) parzialmente rivestito con un coating a base di pectina e ?-viniferina+pterostilbene. Il test ? stato condotto su due specie batteriche rappresentative delle contaminazioni alimentari, ovvero Salmonella spp ed Escherichia coli. Come si pu? notare, in corrispondenza del piccolo pezzo di film rivestito non ? avvenuta la proliferazione (il terreno colturale ? rimasto limpido). Nelle aree di film non rivestite invece, si ? verificata significativa crescita batterica. The same films in accordance with the invention have been tested with respect to the properties? antibacterial. Figure 3 shows the activity? antimicrobial treatment of a polypropylene (PP) film partially coated with a pectin and ?-viniferin+pterostilbene based coating. The test ? was conducted on two bacterial species representative of food contamination, namely Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli. How can you? note, in correspondence with the small piece of film coated not ? proliferation occurred (the culture medium remained clear). In non-coated film areas, yes? significant bacterial growth occurred.
Claims (12)
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| EP3744769A2 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-02 | Jozef Stefan Institute | Film and production method |
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