IT202100006923A1 - ENAMEL FOR CERAMIC PRODUCTS, PARTICULARLY FOR BATHROOMS. - Google Patents

ENAMEL FOR CERAMIC PRODUCTS, PARTICULARLY FOR BATHROOMS. Download PDF

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IT202100006923A1
IT202100006923A1 IT102021000006923A IT202100006923A IT202100006923A1 IT 202100006923 A1 IT202100006923 A1 IT 202100006923A1 IT 102021000006923 A IT102021000006923 A IT 102021000006923A IT 202100006923 A IT202100006923 A IT 202100006923A IT 202100006923 A1 IT202100006923 A1 IT 202100006923A1
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mixture
weight
percentage
oxide
total weight
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IT102021000006923A
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Italian (it)
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Angelo Rossini
Lorenzo Rossini
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Azzurra Sanitari In Ceram Spa
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Priority to IT102021000006923A priority Critical patent/IT202100006923A1/en
Publication of IT202100006923A1 publication Critical patent/IT202100006923A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
    • C03C8/04—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
    • C03C8/20—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing titanium compounds; containing zirconium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00362—Friction materials, e.g. used as brake linings, anti-skid materials

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Description

DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION

a corredo di una domanda di brevetto per invenzione industriale avente per titolo: accompanying a patent application for an industrial invention entitled:

?SMALTO PER PRODOTTI IN CERAMICA, PARTICOLARMENTE PER BAGNO?. ?GLAZE FOR CERAMIC PRODUCTS, PARTICULARLY FOR BATHROOMS?.

TESTO DELLA DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION TEXT

La presente invenzione si riferisce ad uno smalto per prodotti in ceramica, quali ad esempio prodotti per bagno, quali piatti doccia, lavabo, sanitari, vasche da bagno e simili. The present invention relates to a glaze for ceramic products, such as for example bathroom products, such as shower trays, sinks, sanitary fixtures, bathtubs and the like.

I prodotti in ceramica per bagno generalmente sono rivestiti con uno smalto. Ceramic bathroom products are usually coated with a glaze.

Sono noti smalti per prodotti in ceramica. Un tale smalto comprende tre elementi di base: vetrificante, stabilizzante e fondenti. Enamels for ceramic products are known. Such a glaze comprises three basic elements: vitrifying, stabilizing and fluxing elements.

Il vetrificante generalmente comprende silice (ossido di silicio) (SiO2). The glazing agent generally comprises silica (silicon oxide) (SiO2).

Lo stabilizzante o refrattario comprende generalmente ossido di alluminio (Al2O3). The stabilizer or refractory generally comprises aluminum oxide (Al2O3).

I fondenti possono essere di diversa natura, quali ad esempio fondenti alcalini usati a basse temperature o ossidi, carbonati, e cenere usati a medie e alte temperature. Generalmente tra i fondenti si usa ossido di calcio (CaO) in una percentuale peso maggiore del 5% per abbassare il punto di fusione della miscela. The fluxes can be of various nature, such as for example alkaline fluxes used at low temperatures or oxides, carbonates and ash used at medium and high temperatures. Generally among the fluxes calcium oxide (CaO) is used in a weight percentage greater than 5% to lower the melting point of the mixture.

Inoltre nella miscela di uno smalto noto si utilizza ossido di zinco in percentuale maggiore del 3% per dare lucentezza allo smalto. Furthermore, in the mixture of a known enamel, zinc oxide is used in a percentage greater than 3% to give the enamel a shine.

Gli smalti noti conferiscono al prodotto di ceramica una superficie liscia con un aspetto lucido a specchio. Known glazes give the ceramic product a smooth surface with a mirror-gloss appearance.

Tuttavia gli smalti noti hanno diversi inconvenienti: However, known glazes have various drawbacks:

- sono scivolosi, soprattutto quando bagnati con acqua e saponi. - they are slippery, especially when wet with water and soaps.

- sono fragili e facilmente scalfibili, soprattutto quando vanno a contatto con altri materiali duri, - they are fragile and easily scratched, especially when they come into contact with other hard materials,

- sono facilmente macchiabili rendendo la sporcizia o macchia ben visibile, - they are easily stained making the dirt or stain clearly visible,

- tendono ad accumulare germi e batteri. - tend to accumulate germs and bacteria.

Sono noti smalti con effetti antisdrucciolo ed antibatterico. Tuttavia gli effetti antisdrucciolo ed antibatterico si ottengono per deposizione a freddo di smalti appositi sulla ceramica, seguita o no da cottura a bassa temperatura. Ci? causa una durata limitata dello smalto e il graduale affievolirsi delle caratteristiche antisdrucciolo ed antibatteriche con l?andare del tempo. Enamels with anti-slip and antibacterial effects are known. However, the anti-slip and antibacterial effects are obtained by cold deposition of special glazes on the ceramic, followed or not by low-temperature firing. There? causes a limited duration of the enamel and the gradual weakening of the anti-slip and antibacterial characteristics over time.

Scopo della presente invenzione ? di eliminare gli inconvenienti della tecnica nota, fornendo uno smalto per prodotti in ceramica che sia pregevole esteticamente e nello stesso tempo anche di tipo antisdrucciolo, resistente a scalfittura, anti-macchia e antibatterico. Purpose of the present invention? to eliminate the drawbacks of the known art, providing a glaze for ceramic products which is aesthetically valuable and at the same time also of the non-slip, scratch resistant, anti-stain and antibacterial type.

Questi scopi sono raggiunti in accordo all?invenzione con le caratteristiche delle annesse rivendicazioni indipendenti. These aims are achieved in accordance with the invention with the characteristics of the annexed independent claims.

Realizzazioni vantaggiose dell?invenzione appaiono dalle rivendicazioni dipendenti. Advantageous embodiments of the invention appear from the dependent claims.

Ulteriori caratteristiche dell?invenzione appariranno pi? chiare dalla descrizione dettagliata che segue, riferita a una sua forma di realizzazione puramente esemplificativa e quindi non limitativa, illustrata nel disegno annesso, in cui: Additional characteristics of the invention will appear more? clear from the detailed description that follows, referring to a purely exemplifying and therefore non-limiting embodiment thereof, illustrated in the attached drawing, in which:

la Fig. 1 ? in prospettiva di un supporto di ceramica rivestito con uno smalto secondo l?invenzione; e Fig. 1 ? perspective view of a ceramic support coated with an enamel according to the invention; And

la Fig. 2 ? una vista al microscopio di una porzione della superficie dello smalto applicata sul supporto di ceramica di Fig. 1. Fig. 2 ? a microscopic view of a portion of the enamel surface applied to the ceramic support of Fig. 1.

In seguito con il termine percentuale si intende la percentuale peso di un componente della miscela rispetto al peso totale della miscela. In the following, the term percentage means the weight percentage of a component of the mixture with respect to the total weight of the mixture.

Lo smalto secondo l?invenzione comprende un vetrificante, uno stabilizzante e fondenti. The glaze according to the invention comprises a vitrifier, a stabilizer and fluxes.

Il vetrificante preferibilmente comprende ossido di silicio (SiO2) in una percentuale tra 45 e 60%. The vitrifier preferably comprises silicon oxide (SiO2) in a percentage between 45 and 60%.

Lo stabilizzante, preferibilmente comprende ossido di alluminio (Al2O3) in una percentuale tra 18 e 28%. The stabilizer preferably comprises aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in a percentage between 18 and 28%.

La peculiarit? dell?invenzione ? rappresenta dal fatto che tra i fondenti ? stata diminuita la percentuale di ossido di calcio (CaO) rispetto alle formulazioni note. ? stata utilizzata una percentuale di ossido di calcio (CaO) inferiore al 5%, preferibilmente 3%. In questo modo, lo smalto ha assunto una struttura pi? ruvida. The peculiarity of the invention ? represents by the fact that among the fondants ? the percentage of calcium oxide (CaO) has been decreased compared to the known formulations. ? a percentage of calcium oxide (CaO) lower than 5%, preferably 3%, was used. In this way, the enamel has taken on a more? rough.

Inoltre tra i fondenti ? stato scelto ossido di sodio (Na2O) in una percentuale maggiore del 3% preferibilmente il 5%, per aumentare il punto di fusione dello smalto ed evitare quindi che lo smalto ad elevata temperatura fonda troppo, creando una superficie fragile e soggetta a graffi. Also among the fondants ? Sodium oxide (Na2O) was chosen in a percentage greater than 3%, preferably 5%, to increase the melting point of the enamel and thus prevent the enamel from melting too much at high temperatures, creating a fragile surface subject to scratches.

Nella composizione dello smalto ? stato aggiunto ossido di zirconio (ZrO2) che migliora la durezza dello smalto e la sua resistenza antigraffio. L?ossido di zirconio viene aggiunta in percentuale maggiore del 7%. In the composition of the enamel ? Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has been added which improves the hardness of the enamel and its scratch resistance. Zirconium oxide is added in a percentage higher than 7%.

Inoltre nella composizione dello smalto ? stato aggiunto biossido di titanio (TiO2) che conferisce allo smalto una superficie antibatterica ed anti-macchia. Il biossido di titanio viene aggiunto in percentuale maggiore o uguale all?1%. Also in the composition of the enamel ? Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been added which gives the enamel an antibacterial and anti-stain surface. Titanium dioxide is added in a percentage greater than or equal to 1%.

Opzionalmente alla composizione dello smalto sono stati aggiunti uno o pi? dei seguenti fondenti: ossido di potassio (K2O), carbonato di magnesio (MgCO3), silicato di sodio (Na2SiO3) e ossido di zinco (ZnO). Optionally, one or more colors have been added to the enamel composition. of the following fluxes: potassium oxide (K2O), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and zinc oxide (ZnO).

L?ossido di potassio (K2O) ? in una percentuale 1-3%. Il carbonato di magnesio (MgCO3) ? in una percentuale 2-4%. Potassium oxide (K2O) ? in a percentage of 1-3%. Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) ? in a percentage of 2-4%.

Il silicato di sodio (Na2SiO3) ? in una percentuale 1-2%. L?ossido di zinco (ZnO) ? in una percentuale 1-2%. In particolare si ? mantenuta una bassa percentuale di ossido di zinco per diminuire la lucentezza della superficie dello smalto e rendere lo smalto pi? opaco rispetto alla tecnica nota. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) ? in a percentage of 1-2%. Zinc oxide (ZnO) ? in a percentage of 1-2%. In particular yes? a low percentage of zinc oxide is maintained to decrease the shine of the enamel surface and make the enamel more? opaque compared to the prior art.

Viene riportata sotto una tabella illustrante un esempio di una composizione preferita dei componenti dello smalto secondo l?invenzione. Below is a table illustrating an example of a preferred composition of the components of the enamel according to the invention.

Esempio Example

Tabella Table

Tale composizione dei componenti dello smalto pu? variare entro i range descritti nella tabella, in relazione alla effettiva temperatura di cottura ed all?effetto estetico desiderato. This composition of the components of the enamel can? vary within the ranges described in the table, in relation to the actual firing temperature and the desired aesthetic effect.

Tutti i componenti dello smalto sono reperibili come materie prime in granuli e vengono miscelati e macinati in un molino di macinazione in modo da ottenere una miscela in polvere con una granulometria inferiore a 45 ?m. A tale scopo la misella viene fatta passare da un setaccio con maglie da 45 ?m. All the components of the glaze are available as raw materials in granules and are mixed and ground in a grinding mill so as to obtain a powder mixture with a particle size of less than 45 µm. For this purpose, the misella is passed through a sieve with 45 ?m meshes.

La miscela in polvere pu? contenere residui ferrosi che comprometterebbero l?aspetto estetico dello smalto. Pertanto la miscela in polvere viene deferrizzata, facendola passare attraverso dei magneti che attraggono i residui di ferro. The powder mix can contain ferrous residues which would compromise the aesthetic appearance of the enamel. Therefore the powder mixture is deferrized, making it pass through magnets that attract the iron residues.

La miscela in polvere deferrizzata viene miscela con acqua e colla, ad esempio colla poliuretanica, in modo da ottenere uno smalto liquido che viene applicato, mediante spuzzo, sulla superficie di un supporto di ceramica ancora in stato pastoso non cotto. The deferrized powder mixture is mixed with water and glue, for example polyurethane glue, so as to obtain a liquid glaze which is applied, by spray, on the surface of a ceramic support that is still in a pasty, unfired state.

Il supporto di ceramica rivestito di smalto viene cotto in un forno ad elevata temperatura: una temperatura di 1100 - 1300 ?C, preferibilmente 1200 ?C, per un tempo di circa 20-24 ore, preferibilmente 22 ore. The ceramic support coated with enamel is fired in a high temperature oven: a temperature of 1100 - 1300°C, preferably 1200°C, for a time of about 20-24 hours, preferably 22 hours.

La Fig. 1 illustra il supporto di ceramica con lo smalto dopo la cottura evidenziando l?aspetto rugoso ed opaco dello smalto. Fig. 1 illustrates the ceramic support with the glaze after firing, highlighting the rough and opaque appearance of the glaze.

La Fig. 2 ? una vista al microscopio di una porzione della superficie dello smalto applicato sul supporto di Fig. 1. La Fig. 2 illustra micro-isole nella superficie allo smalto aventi una parte nera speciale ed una parte bianca di fondo gola. Come ben si vede in Fig. 2, le micro-isole sono totalmente vetrificate e quindi impermeabili, sia per la parte nera superficiale che per quella bianca di fondo gola. Fig. 2 ? a microscopic view of a portion of the surface of the enamel applied on the support of Fig. 1 . Fig. 2 illustrates micro-islands in the enamel surface having a special black part and a white bottom groove part. As can be clearly seen in Fig. 2, the micro-islands are totally vitrified and therefore impermeable, both for the superficial black part and for the white part at the bottom of the gorge.

Lo smalto secondo l?invenzione ha effetto antisdrucciolo, resistenza alla scalfittura, inattaccabilit? da acidi e basi, effetto antibatterico ed una vita utile pari a quella del supporto. The enamel according to the invention has an anti-slip effect, resistance to scratching, unassailability? from acids and bases, antibacterial effect and a useful life equal to that of the support.

La composizione dello smalto secondo l?invenzione crea una superficie altamente rugosa dello smalto. Negli spigoli del supporto lo smalto gener? bordi smussati, che non risultano in alcun modo taglienti o dolorosi al tatto. The enamel composition according to the invention creates a highly rough enamel surface. In the corners of the support, the enamel generates? rounded edges, which are in no way sharp or painful to the touch.

La rugosit? dello smalto garantisce l?effetto antisdrucciolo. Il fatto che lo smalto viene cotto ad alta temperatura, garantisce una superficie inattaccabile dall?acqua e dagli altri agenti inquinanti, essendo tale superficie liscia come la normale ceramica. The roughness? of the enamel guarantees the anti-slip effect. The fact that the enamel is fired at a high temperature guarantees a surface that is unaffected by water and other polluting agents, as this surface is smooth like normal ceramic.

Inoltre la presenza di piccole quantit? di biossido di titanio (TiO2) apportano allo smalto doti di antibattericit? in situazione normale o per esposizione alla luce solare. Furthermore, the presence of small quantities? of titanium dioxide (TiO2) bring antibacterial qualities to the enamel under normal conditions or due to exposure to sunlight.

L?effetto estetico dello smalto ? gradevole alla vista ed al tatto. Lo smalto pu? essere applicato manualmente sul supporto o in modo robotizzato con aerografo. The aesthetic effect of enamel? pleasant to the eye and to the touch. The enamel can be applied manually on the support or in a robotic way with an airbrush.

La dimensione della rugosit? dello smalto ? tale da garantire un appoggio su molteplici punti distanziati, senza il crearsi di veli scivolosi tra lo smalto e materiale organico od inorganico ad essa appoggiata. Nonostante tale rugosit? dello smalto, la superficie dello smalto non presenta avvallamenti eccessivi che precluderebbero la possibilit? di una pulizia semplice ed efficace. The size of the roughness? some nail polish? such as to ensure support on multiple points spaced apart, without the creation of slippery veils between the glaze and the organic or inorganic material resting on it. Despite this roughness of the enamel, the surface of the enamel does not present excessive depressions which would preclude the possibility? for simple and effective cleaning.

Lo smalto ? tale da non perdere le sue caratteristiche neppure se additivato con pigmenti coloranti, sicch? si pu? ottenere pressoch? ogni colore desiderato. Tale smalto ? stato testato con colori pi? in voga sia scuri e compatti (nero, blu ecc.) che chiari (colori pastello) ed ovviamente con il bianco. The Polish ? such as not to lose its characteristics even if added with coloring pigments, sicch? can you? get almost any desired color. Such polish? been tested with colors pi? in vogue both dark and compact (black, blue, etc.) and light (pastel colors) and obviously with white.

Lo smalto ? stato anche testato con colori, attualmente in voga, opachi (matt) che mal sopportano cotture successive. The Polish ? It was also tested with currently in vogue opaque colors that do not tolerate subsequent firings.

Alla presente forma di realizzazione dell'invenzione, possono essere apportate variazioni e modifiche equivalenti, alla portata di un tecnico del ramo, che rientrano comunque entro l'ambito dell'invenzione espresso dalle rivendicazioni annesse. To the present embodiment of the invention, equivalent variations and modifications can be made, within the reach of a person skilled in the art, which in any case fall within the scope of the invention expressed by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

RIVENDICAZIONI 1. Smalto per prodotti in ceramica comprendente una miscela in polvere comprendente un vetrificante, uno stabilizzante e fondenti,1. Glaze for ceramic products comprising a powdered mixture comprising a vitrifier, a stabilizer and fluxes, in cui detti fondenti comprendono:wherein said fluxes include: - ossido di calcio (CaO) in una percentuale in peso inferiore al 5% rispetto al peso totale della miscela in polvere, e - ossido di sodio (Na2O) in una percentuale in peso maggiore del 3% rispetto al peso totale della miscela in polvere;- calcium oxide (CaO) in a percentage by weight of less than 5% with respect to the total weight of the powdered mixture, and - sodium oxide (Na2O) in a percentage by weight greater than 3% with respect to the total weight of the powdered mixture ; in cui detta miscela in polvere comprende:wherein said powder mixture comprises: - ossido di zirconio (ZrO2) e- zirconium oxide (ZrO2) e - biossido di titanio (TiO2);- titanium dioxide (TiO2); detta miscela in polvere essendo miscelata ad acqua e colla in modo da ottenere detto smalto destinato ad essere applicato su un supporto di ceramica che viene cotto ad una temperatura compresa tra 1100 - 1300 ?C.said powder mixture being mixed with water and glue so as to obtain said glaze intended to be applied on a ceramic support which is fired at a temperature between 1100 - 1300°C. 2. Smalto secondo la rivendicazione 1, in cui detto ossido di zirconio ? presente nella miscela in polvere in una percentuale peso maggiore del 7% rispetto al peso totale della miscela.2. Enamel according to claim 1, wherein said zirconium oxide is present in the powdered mixture in a weight percentage greater than 7% with respect to the total weight of the mixture. 3. Smalto secondo la rivendicazione 1 o 2, in cui detto biossido di titanio ? presente nella miscela in polvere in una percentuale peso maggiore o uguale all?1% rispetto al peso totale della miscela.3. Enamel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said titanium dioxide is present in the powdered mixture in a weight percentage greater than or equal to 1% with respect to the total weight of the mixture. 4. Smalto secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, in cui il vetrificante comprende ossido di silicio (SiO2) in una percentuale peso tra 45 e 60% rispetto al peso totale della miscela e lo stabilizzante comprende ossido di alluminio (Al2O3) in una percentuale peso tra 18 e 28%, rispetto al peso totale della miscela.4. Enamel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vitrifier comprises silicon oxide (SiO2) in a percentage by weight between 45 and 60% with respect to the total weight of the mixture and the stabilizer comprises aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in a percentage by weight between 18 and 28%, with respect to the total weight of the mixture. 5. Smalto secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, in cui detti fondenti comprendono uno o pi? dei seguenti componenti: ossido di potassio (K2O), carbonato di magnesio (MgCO3), silicato di sodio (Na2SiO3) e ossido di zinco (ZnO).5. Enamel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said fluxes comprise one or more? of the following components: potassium oxide (K2O), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and zinc oxide (ZnO). 6. Smalto secondo la rivendicazione 5, in cui detti fondenti comprendono:6. A glaze according to claim 5, wherein said fluxes comprise: - ossido di potassio (K2O) in una percentuale peso 1-3%. rispetto al peso totale della miscela,- potassium oxide (K2O) in a weight percentage of 1-3%. compared to the total weight of the mixture, - carbonato di magnesio (MgCO3) in una percentuale peso 2-4% rispetto al peso totale della miscela,- magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) in a weight percentage of 2-4% with respect to the total weight of the mixture, - silicato di sodio (Na2SiO3) in una percentuale peso 1-2% rispetto al peso totale della miscela, e- sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) in a weight percentage of 1-2% with respect to the total weight of the mixture, and - ossido di zinco (ZnO) in una percentuale peso 1-2% rispetto al peso totale della miscela.- zinc oxide (ZnO) in a weight percentage of 1-2% with respect to the total weight of the mixture. 7. Procedimento per la produzione di uno smalto, comprendente i seguenti passi:7. Process for producing a glaze, including the following steps: - miscelazione e macinazione di una miscela comprendente un vetrificante, uno stabilizzante, fondenti comprendenti ossido di calcio (CaO) in una percentuale in peso inferiore al 5% rispetto al peso totale della miscela in polvere e ossido di sodio (Na2O) in una percentuale in peso maggiore del 3% rispetto al peso totale della miscela in polvere, ossido di zirconio (ZrO2) e ossido di titanio (TiO2), in modo da ottenere una miscela in polvere,- mixing and grinding a mixture comprising a vitrifier, a stabilizer, fluxes comprising calcium oxide (CaO) in a percentage by weight of less than 5% with respect to the total weight of the powdered mixture and sodium oxide (Na2O) in a percentage in weight greater than 3% compared to the total weight of the powder mixture, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and titanium oxide (TiO2), in order to obtain a powder mixture, - vaglio della miscela in polvere in modo da ottenere una miscela in polvere con granulometria inferiore a 45 ?m,- screening of the powder mixture in order to obtain a powder mixture with a particle size of less than 45 ?m, - deferrizzazione della miscela in polvere, in modo da eliminare residui di ferro,- iron removal of the powder mixture, in order to eliminate iron residues, - miscelazione della miscela in polvere con acqua e colla in modo da ottenere uno smalto liquido da applicare su un supporto di ceramica destinato ad essere cotto a una temperatura compresa tra 1100 - 1300 ?C.- mixing the powdered mixture with water and glue in order to obtain a liquid glaze to be applied on a ceramic support intended to be fired at a temperature between 1100 - 1300 ?C. 8. Prodotto di ceramica rivestito con uno smalto secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni da 1 a 6.8. Ceramic product coated with an enamel according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 9. Metodo di produzione di un prodotto di ceramica, in cui un supporto di ceramica in stato pastoso non cotto viene rivestito con uno smalto secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni da 1 a 5 e viene cotto ad una temperatura compresa tra 1100 - 1300 ?C per 20 ? 24 ore. 9. Method of producing a ceramic product, wherein an unfired pasty ceramic support is coated with a glaze according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and is fired at a temperature between 1100 - 1300°C for 20 ? 24 hours.
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