IT201900002849A1 - Set screw for piston rings - Google Patents
Set screw for piston rings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- IT201900002849A1 IT201900002849A1 IT102019000002849A IT201900002849A IT201900002849A1 IT 201900002849 A1 IT201900002849 A1 IT 201900002849A1 IT 102019000002849 A IT102019000002849 A IT 102019000002849A IT 201900002849 A IT201900002849 A IT 201900002849A IT 201900002849 A1 IT201900002849 A1 IT 201900002849A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- grain
- nitrided
- aluminum
- nitriding
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001366 Hypereutectic aluminum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 54
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
- C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/12—Details
- F16J9/22—Rings for preventing wear of grooves or like seatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Description
“Grano di fermo per fasce elastiche” "Set grain for piston rings"
“Retaining pin for piston rings” "Retaining pin for piston rings"
Campo tecnico dell'invenzione Technical field of the invention
L’invenzione si riferisce ad un grano di fermo, o di arresto, per fasce elastiche del pistone, in particolare un pistone specifico per motori a 2 tempi ad alte prestazioni, ma può essere applicato anche su pistoni a 4 tempi come grano di fermo della rotazione dei segmenti, ad esempio nell’applicazione ai motori boxer. Più in particolare, l'invenzione riguarda il trattamento della superficie del grano che è un processo di trattamento mediante nitrurazione. The invention refers to a locking dowel, or stop, for piston rings, in particular a specific piston for high performance 2-stroke engines, but it can also be applied on 4-stroke pistons as a locking dowel of the rotation of the segments, for example in the application to boxer engines. More particularly, the invention relates to the grain surface treatment which is a nitriding treatment process.
Il grano di fermo dell’invenzione è quindi un grano nitrurato, preferibilmente con tecniche di nitrurazione al plasma, e può essere montato sia in posizione centrale sia come grano interno in accordo con la Norma ISO 6621. The stopper grain of the invention is therefore a nitrided grain, preferably with plasma nitriding techniques, and can be mounted both in a central position and as an internal grain in accordance with the ISO 6621 Standard.
Arte nota Known art
I moderni motori a combustione interna sia diesel che benzina, a due e quattro tempi, presentano pressioni e temperature di esercizio elevate, che sottopongono il pistone, in particolare la testa del pistone, a sollecitazioni termiche e meccaniche sempre più estreme. I pistoni a 2 e 4 tempi sono generalmente realizzati in leghe di alluminio pressofuso e recano in testa alloggiamenti e sedi per fasce elastiche e grani di fermo. Modern two- and four-stroke internal combustion engines, both diesel and petrol, have high operating pressures and temperatures, which subject the piston, in particular the piston head, to increasingly extreme thermal and mechanical stresses. The 2 and 4-stroke pistons are generally made of die-cast aluminum alloys and have housings and seats on the head for piston rings and set screws.
Generalmente, le fasce elastiche, anche dette segmenti elastici, o semplicemente segmenti, sono degli anelli metallici inseriti in apposite sedi ricavate nella parte alta del pistone. E' molto importante, nel montaggio delle fasce elastiche, rispettare la posizione corretta rispetto al pistone. Per questo, generalmente il pistone riporta un grano nella sede ricavata per alloggiare il pistone e questo grano serve come riferimento per un corretto montaggio della fascia. Infatti, una volta montata, la fascia (o segmento) non deve sormontare mai il grano che invece si deve trovare nell'unico spacco che si trova nella fascia elastica. Generally, the piston rings, also called piston rings, or simply rings, are metal rings inserted in suitable seats obtained in the upper part of the piston. It is very important, when assembling the piston rings, to respect the correct position with respect to the piston. For this reason, the piston generally returns a dowel in the seat obtained to house the piston and this dowel serves as a reference for a correct assembly of the band. In fact, once mounted, the band (or segment) must never surmount the grain which instead must be found in the only gap found in the elastic band.
Uno dei problemi più frequenti nei motori a 2 tempi moderni ad alte prestazioni è l’allentamento del grano nella sua sede e lo sfilamento/danneggiamento per usura del grano di fermo del pistone e la possibile introduzione delle estremità del segmento elastico all’interno delle luci del cilindro con conseguente tranciatura delle punte del segmento, relativo grippaggio e quindi inevitabile distruzione del gruppo termico. One of the most frequent problems in modern high-performance 2-stroke engines is the loosening of the dowel in its seat and the slipping / damage of the piston stop dowel due to wear and the possible introduction of the ends of the elastic segment inside the ports. of the cylinder with consequent shearing of the tips of the segment, relative seizure and therefore inevitable destruction of the thermal unit.
L’evoluzione dei moderni motori a 2 tempi, ha portato a regimi rotazionali sempre più elevati (oltre 14000 giri ed anche più) ed al conseguente incremento delle aperture delle luci di travaso all’interno del cilindro, al fine di migliorare il rendimento termo-fluidodinamico e quindi le prestazioni del motore. Queste modifiche hanno portato a sollecitazioni sempre più elevate sui segmenti elastici di tenuta; con elevatissime spinte tangenziali (una sorta di azione di martellamento) e rotazionali da parte delle estremità (punte) del segmento, contro il grano di fermo stesso. The evolution of modern 2-stroke engines has led to ever higher rotational speeds (over 14000 rpm and even more) and to the consequent increase in the openings of the transfer ports inside the cylinder, in order to improve the thermal efficiency. fluid dynamics and therefore the performance of the engine. These modifications have led to increasingly higher stresses on the elastic sealing segments; with very high tangential thrusts (a sort of hammering action) and rotational thrusts on the part of the ends (points) of the segment, against the stop grain itself.
Per garantire una maggiore affidabilità del pistone e quindi del grano di fermo, negli ultimi anni sono comparsi sul mercato sempre più frequentemente grani in nuovi materiali e tipologie di acciaio (come ad esempio acciai appartenenti alla famiglia degli acciai inossidabili, che hanno un coefficiente di dilatazione termica comparabile con quello dell’alluminio, così da mantenere l’interferenza di piantaggio del grano (forzaggio del grano) all’interno del pistone, anche ad alte temperature (anche oltre 450°C). E’ da tener presente che l’alluminio ha un coefficiente di espansione superiore a quello dell’acciaio e quindi un grano realizzato in alluminio non sarebbe più forzato all’interno della sua sede nel pistone, con eventuale possibile sfilamento e relativa fuoriuscita dello stesso dal pistone, con conseguenze catastrofiche facilmente immaginabili. To ensure greater reliability of the piston and therefore of the set grain, in recent years grains in new materials and types of steel have appeared on the market more and more frequently (such as steels belonging to the family of stainless steels, which have an expansion coefficient comparable with that of aluminum, so as to maintain the interference of grain pressing (grain forcing) inside the piston, even at high temperatures (even over 450 ° C). It should be borne in mind that aluminum it has an expansion coefficient higher than that of steel and therefore a grain made of aluminum would no longer be forced inside its seat in the piston, with possible possible slipping and relative exit of the same from the piston, with easily imaginable catastrophic consequences.
Il grano di fermo è inserito a forza dentro il pistone con speciali macchine appositamente costruite all’uopo, secondo delle tolleranze costruttive dimensionali e di forza di piantaggio ben precise; una forza di piantaggio troppo alta può portare allo snervamento e plasticizzazione della sede grano, mentre una forza di piantaggio troppo bassa può non essere sufficiente ad impedire lo sfilamento del grano durante il funzionamento. The locking dowel is inserted by force into the piston with special machines specially built for this purpose, according to very precise dimensional constructive tolerances and driving force; too high a driving force can lead to yielding and plasticization of the grain seat, while a too low driving force may not be sufficient to prevent the grain from slipping out during operation.
A tale scopo grani in materiali troppo duri, tipo in acciaio bonificato in UNI 100Cr6 e quindi con elevata durezza e resistenza meccanica all’usura, hanno un coefficiente di dilatazione termica, incompatibile con applicazioni alto prestazionali, mentre l’acciaio inossidabile che ha un coefficiente di espansione termica compatibile con quello dell’alluminio, non hanno sufficiente durezza e quindi resistenza all’usura in grado di sopportare le condizioni di martellamento ed abrasione realizzate dalle estremità delle punte del segmento di tenuta. Normalmente questi grani in acciaio che possiamo definire “morbido”, vengono facilmente tranciati dal segmento di tenuta. For this purpose, grains in materials that are too hard, such as tempered steel in UNI 100Cr6 and therefore with high hardness and mechanical resistance to wear, have a coefficient of thermal expansion, incompatible with high performance applications, while stainless steel which has a coefficient of thermal expansion compatible with that of aluminum, they do not have sufficient hardness and therefore wear resistance capable of withstanding the hammering and abrasion conditions created by the ends of the tips of the sealing segment. Normally these steel grains, which we can define as “soft”, are easily sheared by the sealing segment.
Di conseguenza, la presente invenzione è diretta a superare gli inconvenienti, le limitazioni e gli svantaggi dello stato dell’arte. Consequently, the present invention is aimed at overcoming the drawbacks, limitations and disadvantages of the state of the art.
Sommario dell'invenzione Summary of the invention
Gli inconveniente dello stato dell’arte sono superati attraverso l’esecuzione di una nitrurazione sulla superficie del grano in acciaio inossidabile, così da ottenere un aumento di durezza superficiale, una incrementata resistenza all’usura, comparabile a quella che nell’acciaio UNI 100 Cr6 bonificato va oltre i 500 HV di durezza Vikers, con spessore dello strato di nitrurazione ad esempio di 0,05 mm, pur mantenendo le caratteristiche di dilatazione termica degli acciai inossidabili. The drawbacks of the state of the art are overcome by carrying out a nitriding on the surface of the stainless steel grain, so as to obtain an increase in surface hardness, an increased wear resistance, comparable to that of UNI 100 Cr6 steel. quenched and tempered goes beyond 500 HV of Vikers hardness, with a thickness of the nitriding layer of 0.05 mm, for example, while maintaining the thermal expansion characteristics of stainless steels.
E’ pertanto scopo della presente invenzione fornire un grano di fermo del pistone nitrurato superficialmente per resistere all’usura, provvisto di uno strato di nitrurazione dello spessore di 25-110 µm, preferibilmente 30-90 µm, più preferibilmente 50-80 µm e caratterizzato da durezza superficiale ≥500 HV. Il grano è vantaggiosamente realizzabile in materiale metallico ed è caratterizzato da uno strato superficiale esterno nitrurato all’interno del quale c’è un nucleo interno del materiale metallico non nitrurato. Pertanto lo strato superficiale esterno nitrurato ha una durezza maggiore del nucleo interno. Preferibilmente la durezza dello strato superficiale esterno nitrurato è almeno 50 ± 10HV maggiore di quella del nucleo interno. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a surface nitrided stop grain for the piston to resist wear, provided with a nitriding layer with a thickness of 25-110 µm, preferably 30-90 µm, more preferably 50-80 µm and characterized from surface hardness ≥500 HV. The grain is advantageously made of metal and is characterized by an external nitrided surface layer inside which there is an internal core of non-nitrided metal material. Therefore the nitrided outer surface layer has a higher hardness than the inner core. Preferably the hardness of the nitrided outer surface layer is at least 50 ± 10HV greater than that of the inner core.
Altro scopo dell’invenzione è un grano che è alloggiato nel foro di un pistone in cui il foro ha un diametro che soddisfa la relazione seguente, i valori essendo espressi in mm: Another purpose of the invention is a grain that is housed in the hole of a piston in which the hole has a diameter that satisfies the following relationship, the values being expressed in mm:
(diametro del grano da piantare – 0,1) 2 x (Spessore dello strato di nitrurazione) (diameter of the grain to be planted - 0.1) 2 x (Thickness of the nitriding layer)
Altro scopo dell’invenzione è un pistone per un motore a scoppio Another purpose of the invention is a piston for an internal combustion engine
che è provvisto di almeno un foro per l’alloggiamento di un grano di fermo which is provided with at least one hole for housing a locking dowel
come sopra specificato, in cui il foro ha un diametro che soddisfa la relazione sopra indicata. as specified above, where the hole has a diameter that satisfies the above relationship.
Altro scopo dell’invenzione è un pistone provvisto di almeno un Another purpose of the invention is a piston equipped with at least one
grano di fermo nitrurato in superficie secondo l’invenzione. surface nitrided stop grain according to the invention.
Ancora altro scopo è un motore a scoppio, ad esempio un motore Still another object is an internal combustion engine, for example an engine
a due o quattro tempi o boxer, provvisto di pistoni che recano almeno un two or four stroke or boxer, equipped with pistons bearing at least one
grano nitrurato secondo l’invenzione. nitrided grain according to the invention.
Ancora ulteriore scopo dell’invenzione è un apparato meccanico, Still another object of the invention is a mechanical apparatus,
come ad esempio un motore a scoppio che comprende almeno un grano such as an internal combustion engine comprising at least one grain
di fermo e almeno un pistone come sopra descritti. stop and at least one piston as described above.
Ulteriori aspetti, scopi e vantaggi del grano e del relativo processo Further aspects, purposes and advantages of the grain and its process
di nitrurazione risulteranno evidenti dalla descrizione dettagliata dell’invenzione che segue. of nitriding will be evident from the detailed description of the invention that follows.
Breve descrizione delle Figure Brief description of the Figures
Caratteristiche e vantaggi dell'invenzione saranno esposti nella descrizione che segue anche con l’ausilio dei disegni nei quali: Features and advantages of the invention will be set out in the following description also with the aid of the drawings in which:
Figura 1 rappresenta in modo parziale e schematicamente in prospettiva Figure 1 is a partial and schematic perspective view
un particolare dell’alloggiamento (foro) del pistone in cui andrà inserito un grano; a detail of the piston housing (hole) in which a dowel will be inserted;
Figura 2a è una vista schematica trasversale della sezione di un pistone Figure 2a is a cross sectional schematic view of a piston
con anello Alfin; with Alfin ring;
Figura 2b è il particolare nel cerchio A di Figura 2a; Figure 2b is the detail in circle A of Figure 2a;
Figure 3a è una vista schematica trasversale della sezione di un pistone Figure 3a is a cross sectional schematic view of a piston
senza anello Alfin; without Alfin ring;
Figura 3b è il particolare nel cerchio B di Figura 3a; Figure 3b is the detail in circle B of Figure 3a;
Figura 4 è una micrografia elettronica (ingrandimento 100x) di un grano nitrurato con evidenziato lo strato nitrurato; Figure 4 is an electron micrograph (100x magnification) of a nitrided grain with the nitrided layer highlighted;
Figura 5 è una micrografia elettronica (ingrandimento 200x) di un grano nitrurato con evidenziate le impronte del durometro al di fuori ed entro lo strato nitrurato; Figure 5 is an electron micrograph (200x magnification) of a nitrided grain with the imprints of the durometer highlighted outside and within the nitrided layer;
Figura 6 è una micrografia elettronica (ingrandimento 200x) con evidenziata l’impronta del durometro entro lo strato nitrurato; Figure 6 is an electron micrograph (200x magnification) showing the imprint of the durometer within the nitrided layer;
Figura 7 è una micrografia elettronica (ingrandimento 200x) con evidenziata l’impronta del durometro al cuore del grano di Fig.6; Figure 7 is an electron micrograph (200x magnification) showing the imprint of the durometer at the heart of the grain of Fig.6;
Figure 8a e 8b illustrano un micro-durometro Vickers manuale della ZWICK utilizzato per le misure di microdurezza. Figures 8a and 8b illustrate a manual Vickers micro-hardness tester from ZWICK used for micro hardness measurements.
Descrizione dettagliata dell’invenzione Detailed description of the invention
Nell’ambito dell’invenzione con il termine segmento o segmenti si intendono le fasce del pistone, e i termini fascia e segmento sono da considerare equivalenti. In the context of the invention, the term segment or segments means the piston rings, and the terms band and segment are to be considered equivalent.
Il pistone è un elemento di un motore a scoppio, che può ad esempio essere un motore per automobili o motociclette, a due o quattro tempi, o un motore boxer, e in genere sarà un motore ad alte prestazioni, come un motore per auto sportive e/o da corsa. The piston is an element of an internal combustion engine, which may for example be an automobile or motorcycle engine, two or four stroke, or a boxer engine, and will typically be a high-performance engine, such as a sports car engine. and / or racing.
Con particolare riferimento alla forma di realizzazione della presente invenzione illustrata nelle Figure 1-3b, viene fornita la legenda seguente: With particular reference to the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in Figures 1-3b, the following legend is provided:
1 Alloggiamento o Foro del grano 1 Housing or Grain hole
2 Segmento o Fascia elastica 2 Segment or Piston ring
3 Pistone 3 Piston
4 Grano 4 Wheat
5 Anello Alfin 5 Alfin ring
Nelle Figure 1, 2a, 2b, 3a e 3b, viene mostrata schematicamente la vista parziale dell’alloggiamento 1 o foro (anche detto nel seguito pre-foro) di un grano di fermo 4 in un pistone 3 di un generico motore a scoppio. Nelle Fig.2a e 2b sono anche rappresentati il segmento 2 e l’anello Alfin 5 con il grano 4 inserito nel relativo alloggiamento, mentre nelle Fig.3a e 3b il pistone 3 non reca alcun anello Alfin. In Figures 1, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, the partial view of the housing 1 or hole (also called pre-hole below) of a stop grain 4 in a piston 3 of a generic internal combustion engine is schematically shown. In Fig.2a and 2b the segment 2 and the Alfin 5 ring are also represented with the grain 4 inserted in its housing, while in the Fig.3a and 3b the piston 3 does not carry any Alfin ring.
Il pistone può essere realizzato in lega di alluminio o in acciaio oppure in altri materiali (compositi, sinterizzati ecc.) in sé noti. The piston can be made of aluminum alloy or steel or of other materials (composites, sintered, etc.) known per se.
Il grano di fermo è inserito a forza dentro il pistone con speciali macchine appositamente costruite all’uopo, secondo delle tolleranze costruttive dimensionali e di forza di piantaggio ben precise e note all’esperto del ramo; una forza di piantaggio troppo alta può portare allo snervamento e plasticizzazione della sede del grano, mentre una forza di piantaggio troppo bassa può essere insufficiente ad impedire lo sfilamento del grano durante il funzionamento. Le forze di piantaggio tipicamente impiegate sono nel range 150-400 kg. The locking dowel is inserted by force inside the piston with special machines specially built for this purpose, according to precise dimensional constructive tolerances and driving force known to the expert in the field; too high a driving force can lead to yielding and plasticization of the grain seat, while too low a driving force may be insufficient to prevent the grain from slipping out during operation. The driving forces typically employed are in the range of 150-400 kg.
I grani secondo l’invenzione vengono vantaggiosamente sottoposti a nitrurazione sulla loro superficie. La nitrurazione è infatti un processo che produce uno strato superficiale di indurimento, denso, privo di fessure, resistente alla corrosione. The grains according to the invention are advantageously subjected to nitriding on their surface. Nitriding is in fact a process that produces a surface hardening layer, dense, without cracks, resistant to corrosion.
Vantaggiosamente la nitrurazione viene condotta con tecniche convenzionali in sè note, ad esempio quella descritta in E.Angelini et al. Metallurgical Science Technology Vol. 6[2] (1988) 33-39. La nitrurazione al plasma (anche detta nitrurazione ionica) è preferita in quanto garantisce un omogeneo trattamento di tutta la superficie del grano a contatto con il segmento; inoltre non permette la formazione di superfici dure e al contempo fragili né la formazione di coltre bianca o la stratificazione dei composti in particelle discrete (peculiarità della nitrurazione gassosa o carbonitrurazione) che, distaccandosi dal grano, potrebbero compromettere il buon funzionamento del motore, in quanto tali particelle dure, possono distaccarsi e depositarsi in zone sensibili, come le portate spinotto, cave segmenti, mantello pistone ecc., Advantageously, the nitriding is carried out with conventional techniques known per se, for example that described in E. Angelini et al. Metallurgical Science Technology Vol. 6 [2] (1988) 33-39. Plasma nitriding (also called ionic nitriding) is preferred as it guarantees a homogeneous treatment of the entire surface of the grain in contact with the segment; moreover, it does not allow the formation of hard and at the same time fragile surfaces or the formation of a white blanket or the stratification of compounds into discrete particles (peculiarity of gas nitriding or carbonitriding) which, detaching from the grain, could compromise the proper functioning of the engine, as these hard particles can detach and settle in sensitive areas, such as the piston pin flow rates, segment slots, piston skirt, etc.,
Inoltre la superficie liscia ed omogenea che si realizza sul grano con la nitrurazione al plasma permette tolleranze sulle forze di piantaggio ottimali per l’applicazione specifica in quanto agevola il centraggio della finestra di dette forze di piantaggio. In addition, the smooth and homogeneous surface that is achieved on the grain with plasma nitriding allows tolerances on the driving forces that are optimal for the specific application as it facilitates the centering of the window of said driving forces.
La caratteristica principale della seguente invenzione è l’applicazione del processo di nitrurazione al plasma sui grani in acciaio (anche detti dowel pin) al fine di conferire al grano stesso delle proprietà antiusura senza compromettere le caratteristiche di piantaggio all’interno del pistone. The main feature of the following invention is the application of the plasma nitriding process on the steel grains (also called dowel pin) in order to give the grain itself anti-wear properties without compromising the driving characteristics inside the piston.
E’ stato ora sperimentalmente trovata una relazione matematica A mathematical relationship has now been found experimentally
che lega la dimensione del foro (anche detto pre-foro) per il piantaggio del which binds the size of the hole (also called pre-hole) for driving the
grano nitrurato con lo spessore di nitrurazione; tale relazione agevola il centraggio della finestra delle forze di piantaggio per rendere affidabile il nitrided grain with the nitriding thickness; this relationship facilitates the centering of the window of the driving forces to make the
grano durante il funzionamento, in modo da compensare le successive dilatazioni termiche tra cilindro e grano nitrurato. grain during operation, in order to compensate for the subsequent thermal expansion between the cylinder and the nitrided grain.
Sulla base della nostra esperienza è stato determinato che, applicando una forza di piantaggio tra 150-400 kg o anche 250-400 kg, è necessario realizzare un foro calibrato, atto a ricevere il grano nitrurato On the basis of our experience it has been determined that, by applying a driving force between 150-400 kg or even 250-400 kg, it is necessary to make a calibrated hole, suitable for receiving the nitrided grain.
(nella su tolleranza diametrale tradizionale secondo norma ISO) pari alla seguente regola: (in the traditional diametral tolerance according to ISO standard) equal to the following rule:
(diametro del grano nitrurato da piantare in mm – 0,1) 2x (Spessore di nitrurazione in mm) = diametro del foro (diameter of the nitrided grain to be planted in mm - 0.1) 2x (Nitriding thickness in mm) = hole diameter
Lo spessore di nitrurazione è lo spessore di nitrurazione efficace, The nitriding thickness is the effective nitriding thickness,
che viene convenzionalmente misurato come spessore efficace, individuando cioè il punto in cui nella cucitura radiale di micro-durezza, la which is conventionally measured as effective thickness, i.e. identifying the point where in the radial seam of micro-hardness, the
durezza arriva ad almeno 50 HV±10 o più rispetto al cuore non nitrurato. hardness reaches at least 50 HV ± 10 or more than the non-nitrided core.
La cucitura radiale viene determinata sperimentalmente attraverso misure The radial seam is experimentally determined through measurements
condotte con un micro-durometro Vickers attraverso la costruzione di una conducted with a Vickers micro-durometer through the construction of a
curva di misure di micro-durezza, eseguite in senso radiale lungo lo spessore della nitrurazione. micro-hardness measurement curve, carried out in a radial direction along the thickness of the nitriding.
Ad esempio: se lo spessore efficace della nitrurazione al plasma è For example: if the effective thickness of plasma nitriding is
0,08 mm e il grano è ha un diametro di 2,5 mm, è necessario preparare 0.08mm and the grain is has a diameter of 2.5mm, you need to prepare
un foro di piantaggio del grano pari a: a grain planting hole equal to:
(2,5-0,1mm)+(spessore efficace di nitrurazione 80 micron /- 5 (2,5-0,1mm) + (effective nitriding thickness 80 micron / - 5
micron)=diametro del foro microns) = diameter of the hole
per cui il pre-foro dovrà avere un diametro di 2,40 0,16 /- 0,05 = 2,56 therefore the pre-hole must have a diameter of 2.40 0.16 / - 0.05 = 2.56
+/- 0,05 => range 2,51-2,61 mm +/- 0.05 => range 2.51-2.61 mm
Tale relazione è particolarmente utile quando applicata per pistoni completamente in alluminio, per pistoni in leghe di alluminio, ad esempio leghe eutettiche ed ipereutettiche in alluminio e leghe di analoghe caratteristiche. Un esempio non limitativo è costituito dalle leghe in Alluminio/Silicio al 22% oppure le leghe UNI AlSi12Cu1Mg1Ni1P, UNI AlSi12Cu3MgNi3PVZrTi, UNI AlSi18Cu1Mg1Ni1P e leghe di analoghe caratteristiche. Vantaggiosamente la relazione di cui sopra può essere impiegata anche per pistoni che hanno l’anello in ghisa cofuso (detto anche ring carrier o anello Alfin, usato normalmente nei diesel e nei motori a 4 tempi per aumentarne la resistenza all’usura delle cave dei segmenti ricavate nei pistoni per migliorare la resistenza del gruppo segmento/pistone alle pressioni di scoppio a cui il gruppo è sottoposto). This relationship is particularly useful when applied for pistons completely in aluminum, for pistons in aluminum alloys, for example eutectic and hypereutectic alloys in aluminum and alloys with similar characteristics. A non-limiting example is made up of 22% Aluminum / Silicon alloys or UNI AlSi12Cu1Mg1Ni1P, UNI AlSi12Cu3MgNi3PVZrTi, UNI AlSi18Cu1Mg1Ni1P alloys and alloys with similar characteristics. Advantageously, the above relationship can also be used for pistons that have a cast iron ring (also called ring carrier or Alfin ring, normally used in diesel and 4-stroke engines to increase the wear resistance of the piston rings. obtained in the pistons to improve the resistance of the segment / piston group to the bursting pressures to which the group is subjected).
I grani su cui può essere effettuato il rivestimento superficiale di nitrurazione secondo l’invenzione sono grani metallici o realizzati in leghe metalliche aventi espansone termica comparabile a quella dell’alluminio, in particolare possono essere acciai inossidabili austenitici e martensitici con espansone termica comparabile a quella dell’alluminio The grains on which the surface nitriding coating according to the invention can be carried out are metallic grains or made of metal alloys having thermal expansion comparable to that of aluminum, in particular they can be austenitic and martensitic stainless steels with thermal expansion comparable to that of aluminum. 'aluminum
Ad esempio acciai utilizzabili per realizzare i grani di fermo secondo l’invenzione sono elencati nella tabella 1. For example, steels that can be used to make the set grains according to the invention are listed in table 1.
Tabella 1 Table 1
Il processo di nitrurazione è vantaggioso quando usato con acciai inossidabili che hanno un coefficiente di espansione termica comparabile con quello dell’alluminio, ma che di per sé non hanno sufficiente durezza e quindi resistenza all’usura in grado di sopportare le condizioni di martellamento ed abrasione realizzate dalle estremità delle punte del segmento di tenuta. Normalmente questi grani in acciaio cosiddetto “morbido”, vengono facilmente tranciati dal segmento di tenuta, tuttavia il trattamento dell’invenzione ne ha migliorato le caratteristiche. The nitriding process is advantageous when used with stainless steels that have a coefficient of thermal expansion comparable to that of aluminum, but which in themselves do not have sufficient hardness and therefore wear resistance capable of withstanding the conditions of hammering and abrasion. made from the ends of the tips of the sealing segment. Normally these so-called "soft" steel grains are easily sheared by the sealing segment, however the treatment of the invention has improved their characteristics.
La nitrurazione sui grani in acciaio inossidabile permette di ottenere un aumento di durezza superficiale, per la resistenza all’usura, analogo a quello dell’acciaio UNI 100 Cr6 oppure altri acciai bonificati. Nitriding on stainless steel grains allows to obtain an increase in surface hardness, for wear resistance, similar to that of UNI 100 Cr6 steel or other tempered steels.
L’invenzione verrà ora descritta con riferimento ad esempi realizzativi che non sono da considerare limitativi della relativa portata. Esempi The invention will now be described with reference to embodiment examples that are not to be considered limitative of its scope. Examples
Le principali caratteristiche tecniche del processo di nitrurazione al plasma utilizzato per i grani di fermo del pistone erano: The main technical characteristics of the plasma nitriding process used for the piston set screws were:
Controllo processo e regolazione Mediante unità di controllo e SW da pc Process control and regulation By control unit and PC SW
La seguente tabella 1 fornisce le durezze superficiali che sono state raggiunte dopo nitrurazione ionica degli acciai più comuni: The following table 1 provides the surface hardnesses that have been achieved after ionic nitriding of the most common steels:
Tabella 1 Table 1
La seguente Tabella 2 illustra i dati di durezza e spessore dello strato nitrurato eseguito sui provini di tre grani (misure eseguite tre volte). The following Table 2 illustrates the hardness and thickness data of the nitrided layer performed on the specimens of three grains (measurements performed three times).
L’acciaio era un acciaio 46S20+C e i provini erano grani Ø 2,5 x 20 mm preparati per analisi metallografica. The steel was a 46S20 + C steel and the specimens were grains Ø 2.5 x 20 mm prepared for metallographic analysis.
Le dimensioni dello strato nitrurato sono illustrate in Figura 4. I test di micro-durezza sono stati eseguiti con un micro-durometro manuale Zwick (Figure 8a, 8b) con possibilità di movimentazione lungo gli assi XY con accuratezza centesimale. Le misurazioni sono state eseguite su sezioni di grano, come illustrato nelle figure 6 e 7. The dimensions of the nitrided layer are illustrated in Figure 4. The micro-hardness tests were performed with a manual Zwick micro-durometer (Figures 8a, 8b) with the possibility of movement along the XY axes with centesimal accuracy. Measurements were performed on sections of grain, as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
Tabella 2 Table 2
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT102019000002849A IT201900002849A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | Set screw for piston rings |
EP20714277.9A EP3931470A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2020-02-26 | Retaining pin for piston rings |
PCT/IB2020/051658 WO2020174427A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2020-02-26 | Retaining pin for piston rings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT102019000002849A IT201900002849A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | Set screw for piston rings |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IT201900002849A1 true IT201900002849A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
Family
ID=66690776
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IT102019000002849A IT201900002849A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | Set screw for piston rings |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3931470A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT201900002849A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020174427A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004005572A1 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-01-15 | Sandvik Ab | Surface modified stainless steel |
EP1553204A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2005-07-13 | Air Water Inc. | Surface-carbonitrided stainless steel parts excellent in wear resistance and method for their manufacture |
US20150198114A1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2015-07-16 | Brp-Powertrain Gmbh & Co.Kg | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
-
2019
- 2019-02-27 IT IT102019000002849A patent/IT201900002849A1/en unknown
-
2020
- 2020-02-26 EP EP20714277.9A patent/EP3931470A1/en active Pending
- 2020-02-26 WO PCT/IB2020/051658 patent/WO2020174427A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004005572A1 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-01-15 | Sandvik Ab | Surface modified stainless steel |
EP1553204A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2005-07-13 | Air Water Inc. | Surface-carbonitrided stainless steel parts excellent in wear resistance and method for their manufacture |
US20150198114A1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2015-07-16 | Brp-Powertrain Gmbh & Co.Kg | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
"Pistons and engine testing", 1 January 2012, VIEWEG+TEUBNER VERLAG, Wiesbaden [DE], ISBN: 978-3-8348-8662-0, article MAHLE GMBH: "Piston materials (Part of the ATZ/MTZ-Fachbuch book series (ATZMTZ))", pages: 59 - 82, XP055501508, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-8348-8662-0_4 * |
E. ANGELINI ET AL., METALLURGICAL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 2, 1988, pages 33 - 39 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3931470A1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
WO2020174427A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7726273B2 (en) | High strength steel cylinder liner for diesel engine | |
JP6112203B2 (en) | Iron-based thermal spray coating, cylinder block for internal combustion engine using the same, and sliding mechanism for internal combustion engine | |
US20090026712A1 (en) | Sliding Member | |
EP2162561B1 (en) | Piston ring with a sulphonitriding treatment | |
JP2741177B2 (en) | Dry liner for internal combustion engines | |
US4941669A (en) | Fiber-reinforced piston ring for internal combustion engine | |
JPH11264468A (en) | Piston ring and its combination | |
IT201900002849A1 (en) | Set screw for piston rings | |
US20050241434A1 (en) | Use of a transmission component of a metal matrix composite (MMC) material | |
SE1550958A1 (en) | A rocker arm and a rocker arm assembly | |
JPH02136586A (en) | Vane type compressor | |
JP3143835B2 (en) | Combination of piston rings | |
JP2709613B2 (en) | piston ring | |
JPS6082654A (en) | Sliding member | |
CN110506174B (en) | Piston ring for internal combustion engine | |
CN201148921Y (en) | Second gas ring of diesel | |
JPH0240059A (en) | Internal combustion engine | |
IT202100005666A1 (en) | SURFACE TREATMENT OF SEGMENTS. | |
JP3343420B2 (en) | Internal combustion engine | |
JPH02120575A (en) | Piston ring | |
JPS6229749A (en) | Structure of sliding section of internal combustion engine | |
JPH0379863A (en) | Piston ring | |
JPH03244876A (en) | Combination of piston ring and cylinder | |
JPH04105666U (en) | piston ring | |
JPH03267553A (en) | Piston made of aluminum alloy for internal combustion engine |