IT1195178B - Sistema di recupero di portata per circuiti idraulici con pompe e di stributori compensati in pressione per organi di lavoro di macchine movimento terra - Google Patents

Sistema di recupero di portata per circuiti idraulici con pompe e di stributori compensati in pressione per organi di lavoro di macchine movimento terra

Info

Publication number
IT1195178B
IT1195178B IT67731/86A IT6773186A IT1195178B IT 1195178 B IT1195178 B IT 1195178B IT 67731/86 A IT67731/86 A IT 67731/86A IT 6773186 A IT6773186 A IT 6773186A IT 1195178 B IT1195178 B IT 1195178B
Authority
IT
Italy
Prior art keywords
earth
flow rate
pumps
moving machines
recovery system
Prior art date
Application number
IT67731/86A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
IT8667731A0 (it
Inventor
Piero Tha
Original Assignee
Chs Vickers Spa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chs Vickers Spa filed Critical Chs Vickers Spa
Priority to IT67731/86A priority Critical patent/IT1195178B/it
Publication of IT8667731A0 publication Critical patent/IT8667731A0/it
Priority to ES87830015T priority patent/ES2015967B3/es
Priority to DE8787830015T priority patent/DE3762639D1/de
Priority to EP87830015A priority patent/EP0262098B1/en
Priority to AT87830015T priority patent/ATE52560T1/de
Priority to JP62137576A priority patent/JP2564308B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of IT1195178B publication Critical patent/IT1195178B/it
Priority to GR90400239T priority patent/GR3000479T3/el

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2292Systems with two or more pumps
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2225Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2232Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2296Systems with a variable displacement pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/024Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/024Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits
    • F15B2011/0243Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits the regenerative circuit being activated or deactivated automatically
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546Type of pump variable capacity
    • F15B2211/20553Type of pump variable capacity with pilot circuit, e.g. for controlling a swash plate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20576Systems with pumps with multiple pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F15B2211/3053In combination with a pressure compensating valve
    • F15B2211/30535In combination with a pressure compensating valve the pressure compensating valve is arranged between pressure source and directional control valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/3056Assemblies of multiple valves
    • F15B2211/30565Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve
    • F15B2211/3058Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve having additional valves for interconnecting the fluid chambers of a double-acting actuator, e.g. for regeneration mode or for floating mode
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/315Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit
    • F15B2211/3157Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line
    • F15B2211/31576Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line having a single pressure source and a single output member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/32Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/329Directional control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50545Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using braking valves to maintain a back pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50563Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a differential pressure
    • F15B2211/50581Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a differential pressure using counterbalance valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5156Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to a return line and a directional control valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/55Pressure control for limiting a pressure up to a maximum pressure, e.g. by using a pressure relief valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7135Combinations of output members of different types, e.g. single-acting cylinders with rotary motors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7142Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders the output members being arranged in multiple groups
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/78Control of multiple output members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/88Control measures for saving energy

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)
IT67731/86A 1986-09-24 1986-09-24 Sistema di recupero di portata per circuiti idraulici con pompe e di stributori compensati in pressione per organi di lavoro di macchine movimento terra IT1195178B (it)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT67731/86A IT1195178B (it) 1986-09-24 1986-09-24 Sistema di recupero di portata per circuiti idraulici con pompe e di stributori compensati in pressione per organi di lavoro di macchine movimento terra
ES87830015T ES2015967B3 (es) 1986-09-24 1987-01-19 Sistema de recuperacion del flujo para circuitos hidraulicos con bombas y valvulas de distribucion de presion compensada para elementos de las maquinas de removimiento de tierras.
DE8787830015T DE3762639D1 (de) 1986-09-24 1987-01-19 Stroemungsrueckgewinnungssystem fuer hydraulikkreislaeufe mit pumpen und druckkompensierten verteilungsventilen fuer arbeitsglieder von erdbewegungsmaschinen.
EP87830015A EP0262098B1 (en) 1986-09-24 1987-01-19 A flow recovery system for hydraulic circuits with pumps and pressure compensated distributor valves for working members of earth-moving machines
AT87830015T ATE52560T1 (de) 1986-09-24 1987-01-19 Stroemungsrueckgewinnungssystem fuer hydraulikkreislaeufe mit pumpen und druckkompensierten verteilungsventilen fuer arbeitsglieder von erdbewegungsmaschinen.
JP62137576A JP2564308B2 (ja) 1986-09-24 1987-05-30 土工機械の作動部材に対する液体圧制御回路
GR90400239T GR3000479T3 (en) 1986-09-24 1990-05-10 A flow recovery system for hydraulic circuits with pumps and pressure compensated distributor valves for working members of earth-moving machines

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT67731/86A IT1195178B (it) 1986-09-24 1986-09-24 Sistema di recupero di portata per circuiti idraulici con pompe e di stributori compensati in pressione per organi di lavoro di macchine movimento terra

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IT8667731A0 IT8667731A0 (it) 1986-09-24
IT1195178B true IT1195178B (it) 1988-10-12

Family

ID=11304850

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IT67731/86A IT1195178B (it) 1986-09-24 1986-09-24 Sistema di recupero di portata per circuiti idraulici con pompe e di stributori compensati in pressione per organi di lavoro di macchine movimento terra

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0262098B1 (it)
JP (1) JP2564308B2 (it)
AT (1) ATE52560T1 (it)
DE (1) DE3762639D1 (it)
ES (1) ES2015967B3 (it)
GR (1) GR3000479T3 (it)
IT (1) IT1195178B (it)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1208866B (it) * 1987-04-14 1989-07-10 Chs Vickers Spa Circuito idraulico di comando per organi di lavoro di macchine movimento terra con circuito di sovrali mentazione
AU603907B2 (en) * 1987-06-30 1990-11-29 Hitachi Construction Machinery Co. Ltd. Hydraulic drive system
DE3883690T2 (de) * 1987-10-05 1994-03-17 Hitachi Construction Machinery Hydraulisches Antriebssystem.
DE3844401C2 (de) * 1988-12-30 1994-10-06 Rexroth Mannesmann Gmbh Regeleinrichtung für eine Verstellpumpe
JP2839625B2 (ja) * 1990-03-05 1998-12-16 日立建機株式会社 油圧駆動装置
US5220862A (en) * 1992-05-15 1993-06-22 Caterpillar Inc. Fluid regeneration circuit
JP2992434B2 (ja) * 1993-12-02 1999-12-20 日立建機株式会社 建設機械の油圧制御装置
US5755260A (en) * 1994-09-29 1998-05-26 Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Mono-block control valve with regeneration conduit
JP3478931B2 (ja) * 1996-09-20 2003-12-15 新キャタピラー三菱株式会社 油圧回路
GB2344809B (en) * 1998-12-16 2002-10-02 Bamford Excavators Ltd Earth moving apparatus
DE10004905C2 (de) * 2000-02-04 2002-10-24 Orenstein & Koppel Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Hubzylinders insbesondere von Arbeitsmaschinen
EP1591669A4 (en) * 2003-01-14 2010-12-08 Hitachi Construction Machinery HYDRAULIC WORKING MACHINE
JP4209705B2 (ja) 2003-03-17 2009-01-14 日立建機株式会社 作業機の油圧回路
US20220307527A1 (en) * 2021-03-23 2022-09-29 Cnh Industrial America Llc System to reduce line loss in pressure control hydraulic circuit

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1401412A (fr) * 1964-04-23 1965-06-04 Faucheux Ets Dispositif de correction par procédé hydraulique du mouvement d'un organe mécanique, par exemple d'une benne, à l'extrémité d'un bras de levage
US3467126A (en) * 1966-03-21 1969-09-16 Hydranamic Systems Corp Hydraulic load compensating directional control valve
US4364304A (en) * 1976-01-21 1982-12-21 Danfoss A/S Arrangement for influencing the operating quantity of a servomotor
US4216702A (en) * 1978-05-01 1980-08-12 Eaton Yale Ltd. Pressure sensing regenerative hydraulic system
US4383412A (en) * 1979-10-17 1983-05-17 Cross Manufacturing, Inc. Multiple pump load sensing system
DE3245288A1 (de) * 1982-12-03 1984-06-14 O & K Orenstein & Koppel Ag, 1000 Berlin Verfahren zur einsparung von energie beim stellen eines ausruestungszylinders an einem hydraulikbagger durch eine hydraulikschaltung
IT1234937B (it) * 1985-02-14 1992-06-02 Cinotto Hydraulic Sistema antisaturazione per circuiti idraulici di comando con pompe e distributori compensati in pressione per organi di lavoro di macchine movimento terra
IT1187892B (it) * 1986-02-04 1987-12-23 Chs Vickers Spa Circuito idraulico di comando per organi di lavoro di macchine movimento terra con frenatura centralizzata degli attuatori

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR3000479T3 (en) 1991-06-28
IT8667731A0 (it) 1986-09-24
ES2015967B3 (es) 1990-09-16
EP0262098A1 (en) 1988-03-30
JPS6383808A (ja) 1988-04-14
EP0262098B1 (en) 1990-05-09
JP2564308B2 (ja) 1996-12-18
ATE52560T1 (de) 1990-05-15
DE3762639D1 (de) 1990-06-13

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