IN2014CN04286A - - Google Patents

Download PDF

Info

Publication number
IN2014CN04286A
IN2014CN04286A IN4286CHN2014A IN2014CN04286A IN 2014CN04286 A IN2014CN04286 A IN 2014CN04286A IN 4286CHN2014 A IN4286CHN2014 A IN 4286CHN2014A IN 2014CN04286 A IN2014CN04286 A IN 2014CN04286A
Authority
IN
India
Prior art keywords
crystalline
block
polymer
propylene
based polymer
Prior art date
Application number
Inventor
Ronald J Weeks
Yushan Hu
Kim L Walton
Gary R Marchand
Michael D Read
H Craig Silvis
Original Assignee
Dow Global Technologies Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Global Technologies Llc filed Critical Dow Global Technologies Llc
Publication of IN2014CN04286A publication Critical patent/IN2014CN04286A/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/06Polyethene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/09Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/08Copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/0807Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing more than three carbon atoms
    • C08L23/0815Copolymers of ethene with aliphatic 1-olefins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08L23/12Polypropene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L51/00Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L53/00Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/02Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L69/00Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L75/00Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L75/04Polyurethanes
    • C08L75/08Polyurethanes from polyethers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L79/00Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/08Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing additives to improve the compatibility between two polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2207/00Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
    • C08L2207/06Properties of polyethylene
    • C08L2207/066LDPE (radical process)
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2207/00Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
    • C08L2207/20Recycled plastic

Abstract

The invention provides functionalized block composites and crystalline block composites as compatibilizers. In particular the invention provides compositions of at least three polymers and a compatibilizer. The compatibilizer comprises a functionalized olefin based polymer formed from at least (A) and (B): (A) a crystalline block composite comprising: a block copolymer comprising a propylene based crystalline block and crystalline ethylene based block; a propylene based crystalline polymer; and a crystalline ethylene based polymer; and (B) at least one functionalization agent or a functionalized olefin based polymer formed from at least (A) and (B): (A) a crystalline block composite comprising: a block copolymer comprising a propylene based crystalline block and crystalline ethylene based block; a propylene based crystalline polymer; and a crystalline ethylene based polymer; and (B) at least one functionalization agent.
IN4286CHN2014 2011-12-14 2012-12-12 IN2014CN04286A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161570464P 2011-12-14 2011-12-14
PCT/US2012/069190 WO2013090393A1 (en) 2011-12-14 2012-12-12 Functionalized block composite and crystalline block composite compositions as compatibilizers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
IN2014CN04286A true IN2014CN04286A (en) 2015-09-04

Family

ID=47470213

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IN4286CHN2014 IN2014CN04286A (en) 2011-12-14 2012-12-12

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US9303156B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2791239B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6204373B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102010107B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104114633B (en)
BR (1) BR112014014469B1 (en)
IN (1) IN2014CN04286A (en)
SG (1) SG11201402933PA (en)
WO (1) WO2013090393A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6073818B2 (en) * 2011-03-08 2017-02-01 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー Method and system for recycling a solvent used during an ethylene-based polymerization reaction
MY163025A (en) 2011-06-30 2017-07-31 Dow Global Technologies Llc Multilayed polyolefin-based films having integrated backsheet and encapsulation performance comprising a layer comprising crystalline block copolymer composite or block copolymer composite
SG10201700173TA (en) * 2011-12-14 2017-03-30 Dow Global Technologies Llc Functionalized block composite and crystalline block composite compositions
WO2015057423A1 (en) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-23 Dow Global Technologies Llc Compatibilized polyolefin blends
WO2015175106A1 (en) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-19 Dow Global Technologies Llc Crosslinkable polymeric compositions with amine-functionalized interpolymers, methods for making the same, and articles made therefrom
DE102014113752B4 (en) 2014-09-23 2022-09-29 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Impact-modified injection molding and process for its production
US10358545B2 (en) * 2014-12-02 2019-07-23 Dow Global Technologies Llc Dynamic vulcanization of a blend composition, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same
WO2016148950A1 (en) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-22 Dow Global Technologies Llc Composition for low temperature use containers
JP6783851B2 (en) * 2015-09-10 2020-11-11 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー Polyolefin blend containing polyoctene with compatibilizer
JP6906517B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2021-07-21 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー High modulus olefin compounds for fiber optic cable buffer tubes
ES2849149T3 (en) * 2016-03-03 2021-08-16 Dow Global Technologies Llc Artificial grasses and method of making them
BR112018068614B1 (en) * 2016-03-25 2022-03-15 Dow Global Technologies Llc Composition, protective element and fiber optic cable
WO2017172936A1 (en) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-05 Dow Global Technologies Llc Polyolefin blends including crystalline block composites for pvc-free wear layers
CN106700252B (en) * 2016-12-13 2020-10-09 中广核俊尔(上海)新材料有限公司 Alloy material for automobile hub decorative cover and preparation method thereof
SG11201906420UA (en) * 2017-01-30 2019-08-27 Toyota Boshoku Kk Molded body and production method thereof
JP7102744B2 (en) * 2017-05-19 2022-07-20 住友化学株式会社 Thermoplastic elastomer composition
KR102273668B1 (en) * 2018-06-15 2021-07-06 한양대학교 산학협력단 Establishment of immortalized erythroblast cell lines capable of conditional maturation
EP3604637A1 (en) * 2018-07-30 2020-02-05 Polytex Sportbeläge Produktions-GmbH Artificial turf fibers comprising aged polymers and a compatibilizer
JP7368465B2 (en) * 2018-11-06 2023-10-24 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー Additive manufacturing with olefin block copolymers and articles made therefrom
MX2022004816A (en) 2019-10-24 2022-05-16 Invista Textiles Uk Ltd Polyamide compositions and articles made therefrom.
CN110746697A (en) * 2019-11-12 2020-02-04 福建安达福新材料科技有限公司 PA/PP supercritical foaming composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114829499A (en) * 2019-12-19 2022-07-29 Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 Polyester composition
WO2023049485A1 (en) * 2021-09-27 2023-03-30 Dow Global Technologies Llc Thermoplastic polyolefin composition with reactive compatibilization

Family Cites Families (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6254743A (en) * 1985-07-26 1987-03-10 Chisso Corp Polypropylene composition
JPH03252436A (en) * 1990-03-02 1991-11-11 Tonen Chem Corp Thermoplastic resin composition
JPH03252437A (en) * 1990-03-02 1991-11-11 Tonen Chem Corp Thermoplastic resin composition
JP3175234B2 (en) * 1991-10-30 2001-06-11 住友化学工業株式会社 Surface treatment method and coating method for polyamide resin composition molded article
WO1995006684A1 (en) 1993-08-30 1995-03-09 Masland Industries, Inc. Recycling of carpet scrap
WO1997035893A1 (en) 1996-03-27 1997-10-02 The Dow Chemical Company Highly soluble olefin polymerization catalyst activator
US6103657A (en) 1997-07-02 2000-08-15 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Catalyst for the production of olefin polymers
US6241168B1 (en) 1999-06-10 2001-06-05 Lear Corporation Recycling of carpet scrap and compositions employing ultralow density polyethylene (ULDPE)
AU2002225662A1 (en) 2000-11-07 2002-05-21 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Substituted pyridyl amine ligands, complexes and catalysts therefrom; processes for producing polyolefins therewith
US6469099B1 (en) 2000-11-14 2002-10-22 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Compatibilized resin blends and the preparation thereof
US6960635B2 (en) 2001-11-06 2005-11-01 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Isotactic propylene copolymers, their preparation and use
DE60328582D1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2009-09-10 Mitsubishi Chem Corp NON-PARTICULAR PROPYLENE RESIN COMPOSITION
US6814826B1 (en) 2003-03-03 2004-11-09 Mohawk Brands, Inc. Use of waste carpet as backing filler for floor coverings
US6953764B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2005-10-11 Dow Global Technologies Inc. High activity olefin polymerization catalyst and process
JP2007518870A (en) 2004-01-22 2007-07-12 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイティド Functionalized elastomer composition
US7897689B2 (en) 2004-03-17 2011-03-01 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Functionalized ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer compositions
CN1976965B (en) 2004-03-17 2012-10-10 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 Catalyst composition comprising shuttling agent for ethylene multi-block copolymer formation
US7608668B2 (en) 2004-03-17 2009-10-27 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Ethylene/α-olefins block interpolymers
NZ549262A (en) 2004-03-17 2010-08-27 Dow Global Technologies Inc Catalyst composition comprising shuttling agent for higher olefin multi-block copolymer formation
US7355089B2 (en) 2004-03-17 2008-04-08 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Compositions of ethylene/α-olefin multi-block interpolymer for elastic films and laminates
US7622529B2 (en) 2004-03-17 2009-11-24 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Polymer blends from interpolymers of ethylene/alpha-olefin with improved compatibility
BRPI0617001B1 (en) 2005-09-15 2018-02-14 Dow Global Technologies Inc. PROCESS FOR POLYMERIZING ONE OR MORE POLYMERIZABLE MONOMERS BY ADDITION, HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT COPOLYMER AND POLYMER MIXER
US20070254131A1 (en) 2006-04-27 2007-11-01 Mohawk Carpet Corporation Hot melt carpet tile and process for making same
CN101605824B (en) * 2006-12-21 2013-07-03 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 Functionalized olefin polymers, compositions and articles prepared thereform, and methods for making the same
WO2008079784A2 (en) 2006-12-21 2008-07-03 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Functionalized olefin polymers, compositions and articles prepared therefrom, and methods for making the same
TWI438238B (en) 2006-12-21 2014-05-21 Dow Global Technologies Llc Polyolefin compositions and articles prepared therefrom, and methods for making the same
US8476393B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2013-07-02 Dow Global Technologies, Llc Ethylene/α-olefin interpolymers containing low crystallinity hard blocks
EP2294102B1 (en) 2008-06-30 2013-08-21 Dow Global Technologies LLC Polyolefin compositions and articles prepared therefrom and methods of making the same
ES2628340T3 (en) 2008-10-06 2017-08-02 Dow Global Technologies Llc Polyolefin Polymers Chromatography
JP5806218B2 (en) 2009-10-02 2015-11-10 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー Block composite and impact-resistant modified composition
US8716400B2 (en) 2009-10-02 2014-05-06 Dow Global Technologies Llc Block composites and impact modified compositions
KR101794361B1 (en) 2009-10-02 2017-11-06 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 Block copolymers in soft compounds
KR101795085B1 (en) 2009-10-02 2017-11-07 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 Block composites in thermoplastic vulcanizate applications
US8318896B2 (en) 2009-12-21 2012-11-27 Dow Global Technologies Llc Chromatography of polyolefin polymers
US8822599B2 (en) 2010-06-21 2014-09-02 Dow Global Technologies Llc Crystalline block composites as compatibilizers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20140101359A (en) 2014-08-19
BR112014014469A2 (en) 2017-06-13
SG11201402933PA (en) 2014-07-30
CN104114633B (en) 2017-12-08
WO2013090393A1 (en) 2013-06-20
CN104114633A (en) 2014-10-22
JP2015504102A (en) 2015-02-05
BR112014014469B1 (en) 2020-09-08
KR102010107B1 (en) 2019-10-21
EP2791239B1 (en) 2017-12-06
US20140343229A1 (en) 2014-11-20
EP2791239A1 (en) 2014-10-22
US9303156B2 (en) 2016-04-05
JP6204373B2 (en) 2017-09-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
IN2014CN04286A (en)
IN2014CN04258A (en)
WO2013043796A3 (en) Modified polyethylene compositions
ATE523558T1 (en) HIGH FLOW POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITION
WO2011117325A3 (en) Polymer compositions comprising semi-aromatic polyamides and graphene materials
EA201800233A1 (en) POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITIONS FOR APPLICATION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
EP2231727A4 (en) Bulk homogeneous polymerization process for ethylene propylene copolymers
BRPI0910590A2 (en) polymer compositions and articles comprising polylactic acid and polyolefin
IL224762B (en) Compositions, methods and articles produced by compounding polyamides with olefin-maleic anhydride polymers
EP2931763A4 (en) Ethylene copolymer compositions, film and polymerization processes
MX2015002703A (en) Ethylene-based polymers and articles made therefrom.
WO2012109212A3 (en) Carbocatalysts for polymerization
MX2014004475A (en) Hemostatic compositions.
WO2010104557A3 (en) Catalyst and process for producing a polymer containing a high molecular weight tail
JP2014501323A5 (en)
MX2014004477A (en) Hemostatic compositions.
ATE468365T1 (en) PROPYLENE POLYMER COMPOSITION FOR THERMOFORMING
EP2218725A4 (en) Bridged metallocene compound, olefin polymerization catalyst using the compound and ethylene polymer obtained by using the catalyst
EP2108665A4 (en) Propylene homopolymer for stress-resistant molded object, composition containing the polymer, and stress-resistant molded object obtained from the same
BR112016016262A8 (en) impact copolymers based on propylene, thermoplastic polyolefin composition and automated interior and exterior components
WO2012112346A3 (en) Polyolefin polylactic acid blends for easy open packaging applications
EP2643408A4 (en) Composition comprising propylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, olefin block copolymer and dpo-bsa molecular melt
IN2015DN04178A (en)
MX339901B (en) Free radical initiator modified hot melt adhesive composition including functionalized polyethylene and propylene-alpha-olefin polymer.
WO2013036573A3 (en) Non-halogenated polyolefin compounds having good processing properties