IE65380B1 - Smoking article - Google Patents
Smoking articleInfo
- Publication number
- IE65380B1 IE65380B1 IE371791A IE371791A IE65380B1 IE 65380 B1 IE65380 B1 IE 65380B1 IE 371791 A IE371791 A IE 371791A IE 371791 A IE371791 A IE 371791A IE 65380 B1 IE65380 B1 IE 65380B1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- collection zone
- smoking article
- smoking
- smoke
- hot gases
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
- A24D3/045—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure with smoke acceleration means, e.g. impact-filters
Landscapes
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Abstract
A smoking article comprising a rod of smoking material (1) and a filter portion, said filter portion including means (6) for collecting particulate matter in the smoke from the rod of smoking material in a collection zone (7), and means (3) for heating said collection zone to release the semivolatile compounds whilst allowing the involatiles to be retained in the filter.
Description
This invention relates to a smoking article according to the first part of claim 1 relating to the prior art of DE-U-1 892 093 in which the smoking material can be tobacco or any other suitable material.
The composition of the cigarette smoke aerosol is complex, containing many compounds in the particulate and vapour phases. It is possible to classify the compounds contained within the particulate phase into two fractions, these are the involatile and semivolatile fractions.
The semivolatile fraction can be defined as consisting of all of those compounds which evaporate from a chemically inert substrate heated to a temperature of 200°C.
Many of the compounds which have been identified as contributors to the taste and flavour of cigarette smoke are contained within the semivolatile fraction. Also it is found experimentally that approximately 50% of the total particulate matter of cigarette smoke is semivolatile.
It is an object of the present invention to deliver to the smoker an enhanced concentration of semivolatile compounds in the smoke and a reduced concentration of involatiles, thus maintaining taste and flavour at lower total particulate matter yields.
According to the present invention a smoking article comprises a rod of smoking material and a filter portion, said filter portion including means for collecting particulate matter in the smoke from the rod of smoking material in a collection zone arranged in the upstream end of the filter portion, and means for heating said collection zone to release the semivolatile compounds of the smoke whilst allowing the involatile compounds to be retained in the filter. -2Preferably the rod of smoking material includes a longitudinally extending passage to feed hot gases from the tip of the article when lit to the said collection zone. In one preferred embodiment the collection zone is provided by an impervious transversely extending member on which the particulate matter is deposited by the smoke from the smoking material.
The transversely extending member can be provided by a disc the centre portion of which provides said collection zone and which is surrounded by an exit opening or openings.
Preferably the disc is provided in a chamber into which smoke from the smoking material is delivered and into which the longitudinally extending passage feeds hot gases to the collection zone.
If desired means may be included for accelerating the hot gases from the passage into the collection zone.
In another embodiment the collection zone can be provided in a high retention filter element.
With this arrangement the high retention filter element can be spaced away from the end of the smoking material rod to form a chamber adjacent the collection zone and into which smoke from the smoking material is delivered and into which the longitudinally extending passage feeds hot gases to the collection zone.
A secondary filter element can be provided which is located at the mouth piece end of the article.
Preferably the passage in the rod of smoking material is formed by a low porosity/permeability tube. -3The invention can be performed in various ways but two embodiments will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which : Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side elevation of a smoking article according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view on the line II-II in Figure 1 r Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view on the line III- III of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view on the line IV-IV of Figure 1 r and, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional side elevation of another construction according to the invention.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4 the smoking article according to the invention comprises a rod 1 of smoking material, for example tobacco, carried in a paper outer wrapper 2. The rod is provided with a longitudinally extending passage 3 formed by a tube of low porosity/permeability material 4 which may be made from paper or reconstituted tobacco sheet. The tube may have a diameter typically in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm. Also located within the paper wrapper 2 is a filter 5 at the mouth piece end and an impervious transversely extending member in the form of an impaction disc made of material which is temperature stable. Examples of the materials from which the disc may be constructed include metals, for ' example aluminium, ceramics or plastics such as nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene or cellulose acetate. ( Preferably the disc has a low thermal heat capacity and it -4may also have a low thermal conductivity, for example when constructed from a ceramic or from Nylon 66. This disc 6 has a central impaction surface 7 which is surrounded by circumferential holes 8 typically of 1 mm diameter.
Between the inner end 9 of the tobacco rod 1 and the surface of the disc 6 a chamber 10 is formed in which is located a second disc 11 which can also be made from a material selected from the examples given for the disc 6, and this may be the same as, or different from, that used in the construction of the disc 6 in a particular construction. One or more (three are shown) small diameter holes 12 are provided in the disc 11 and these may typically be of 0.1 1 mm diameter and preferably 0.4 - 1 mm diameter. These holes act as acceleration nozzles in the manner to be described.
When the article is smoked and the end 13 is lit smoke passes into the chamber 10 and through the nozzles 12, the action of passing through the nozzles 12 increases the velocity of the smoke and assists in the impaction of the smoke against the impaction surface 7 on the disc 6. This causes particulate matter to be deposited in the area 7 and to act as a collection zone.
Hot gases from the burning tip pass down the passage 3, are accelerated through the holes 12 and impact on the surface 7 thus heating the collection zone and deposited particulate matter sufficiently to cause the release of the semivolatile compounds which pass radially outwardly with the smoke and through the openings 8 into the filter 5 and to the smoker. Some of the semivolatile compounds may be released as they enter the collection zone before impaction due to the heat in the collection zone. -5The impaction surface provided by the surface 7 is located typically 2 mm from the nozzles 12. In the embodiment shown the passage 3 is located coaxially with the smoking material rod 1 but it could be displaced to cne side if desired.
In the second embodiment as shown in Figure 5 the same reference numerals are used to indicate similar parts as in Figures 1 to 4. In this construction the means for collecting particulate matter in the smoke from the rod of smoking material is provided by a high retention filter element 15. The element 15 is spaced away from the end 9 of the smoking material rod and the filter 15 is located in a chamber 10 in place of the disc 11. The disc 6 is also dispensed with. In this arrangement smoke from the rod 1 impinges on the front surface 16 of the filter 15 and the filter retains a fraction of the total particulate matter over the first few (ten) mm of filter material. This is indicated by reference numeral 17. This retained total particulate matter is again heated by hot air or smoke drawn down the passage 3 as in the previous embodiment. The second filter element 5 can be spaced away from the filter element 15 as shown or it may abut it. Once again the action of the hot air or smoke heats the deposited particulate matter and releases the semivolatile fractions which are then drawn through the filter 5.
The second filter element 5 may have an inclusion of activated carbon to reduce the concentration of some of the vapour components in the smoke aerosol.
If desired ventilation air may be introduced through the wrapper 5 into the filter 17 through openings 18 to confine the aerosol and the hot air/smoke stream to the central part of the filter. -6Similarly in the construction shown in Figure 1 ventilation air may be introduced through the wrapper 5 through openings 19 to aerodynamically focus the aerosol onto the disc 6 to improve the efficiency of the filter. » 5 If desired ventilation air may also be used to cool the evaporated semivolatiles to facilitate recondensation before delivery to the smoker, for example through openings 20
Claims (13)
1. A smoking article comprising a rod of smoking material (1) and a filter portion (5), said filter portion including means (6) for collecting particulate matter in the smoke from the rod of smoking material in a collection zone arranged in the upstream end of the filter portion, characterized by means for heating (3) said collection zone to release the semivolatile compounds of the smoke whilst allowing the involatile compounds to be retained in the filter.
2. A smoking article as claimed in claim 1 in which said rod of smoking material includes a longitudinally extending passage to feed hot gases from the tip of the article when lit to the said collection zone.
3. A smoking article as claimed in claim 2 in which said collection zone is provided by an impervious transversely extending member on which the particulate matter is deposited by the smoke from the smoking material.
4. A smoking article as claimed in claim 3 in which said transversely extending member is provided by a disc the centre portion of which provides said collection zone and which is surrounded by an exit opening or openings.
5. A smoking article as claimed in claim 4 in which said disc is provided in a chamber into which smoke from the smoking material is delivered and into which the longitudinally extending passage feeds hot gases to the collection zone.
6. A smoking article as claimed in claims 2 to 5 including means for accelerating the hot gases from the passage into the collection zone. -87.
7.A smoking article as claimed in claim 6 including means for accelerating the hot gases from the passage and the smoke into the collection zone.
8. A smoking article as claimed in claims 6 and claim 7 in which the means for accelerating the hot gases or hot gases and smoke includes a disc of impervious material having one or more holes within the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mm diameter .
9. A smoking article as claimed in claim 2 in which said collection zone is provided in a high retention filter element.
10. A smoking article as claimed in claim 9 in which said high retention filter element is spaced away from the end of the smoking material rod to form a chamber adjacent the collection zone and into which smoke from the smoking material is delivered and into which the longitudinally extending passage feeds hot gases to the collection zone.
11. A smoking article as claimed in claims 1 to 10 in which a secondary filter element is located at the mouth piece end of the article.
12. A smoking article as claimed in claims 2 to 9 in which said passage in the rod of smoking material is formed by a low porosity/permeability tube.
13. A smoking article substantially as described herein with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB909023368A GB9023368D0 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | Smoking article |
SG15695A SG15695G (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1995-01-30 | Smoking article |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IE913717A1 IE913717A1 (en) | 1992-05-22 |
IE65380B1 true IE65380B1 (en) | 1995-10-18 |
Family
ID=26297856
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IE371791A IE65380B1 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1991-10-23 | Smoking article |
Country Status (29)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0482872B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH04262773A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1061331A (en) |
AP (1) | AP247A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE115368T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU644690B2 (en) |
BG (1) | BG60511B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9104585A (en) |
CS (1) | CS317291A3 (en) |
CU (1) | CU22191A3 (en) |
CY (1) | CY1832A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69105914T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0482872T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2068522T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI915054A (en) |
GB (1) | GB9023368D0 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3015084T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUT66931A (en) |
IE (1) | IE65380B1 (en) |
IS (1) | IS3766A7 (en) |
MA (1) | MA22324A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX9101730A (en) |
NO (1) | NO176862C (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ240084A (en) |
PL (1) | PL167771B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT8860U (en) |
RU (1) | RU2001591C1 (en) |
SG (1) | SG15695G (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA918002B (en) |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU3202895A (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 1996-02-22 | Lorillard Tobacco Company | Hollow smokable article |
GB2296853A (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-07-17 | Chiu Christopher Chi Wah | Safety cigarette |
GB9724872D0 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 1998-01-21 | British American Tobacco Co | Smoking articles |
DK1535524T3 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2013-01-07 | Japan Tobacco Inc | Smoking filter |
US8240315B2 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2012-08-14 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Smoking article with improved delivery profile |
US7987856B2 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2011-08-02 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Smoking article with bypass channel |
EP2007233B1 (en) | 2006-03-28 | 2019-08-14 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Smoking article with a restrictor |
KR101059252B1 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2011-08-24 | 니뽄 다바코 산교 가부시키가이샤 | Study |
US8353298B2 (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2013-01-15 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Smoking article with impaction filter segment |
US20080047571A1 (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2008-02-28 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Smoking article with plate impactor |
US8424539B2 (en) | 2006-08-08 | 2013-04-23 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Smoking article with single piece restrictor and chamber |
BRPI0603954B1 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2014-05-20 | Souza Cruz Sa | SMOKING ARTICLE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SMOKING ARTICLE |
US8235056B2 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2012-08-07 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Smoking article with concentric hollow core in tobacco rod and capsule containing flavorant and aerosol forming agents in the filter system |
JP2010094025A (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2010-04-30 | Japan Tobacco Inc | Smoking filter |
EP2119375B1 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2018-06-13 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Smokers' article |
TW200911141A (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2009-03-16 | Philip Morris Prod | Super recessed filter cigarette restrictor |
TW200911138A (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2009-03-16 | Philip Morris Prod | Smoking articles with restrictor and aerosol former |
WO2008146548A1 (en) * | 2007-05-28 | 2008-12-04 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Cigarette |
AR080556A1 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2012-04-18 | Philip Morris Prod | FILTER DESIGN TO IMPROVE THE SENSORY PROFILE OF ARTICLES FOR SMOKING WITH CARBON FILTER NOZZLE |
US8424540B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2013-04-23 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Smoking article with valved restrictor |
US8905037B2 (en) | 2009-10-15 | 2014-12-09 | Philip Morris Inc. | Enhanced subjective activated carbon cigarette |
US9138016B2 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2015-09-22 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Smoking articles with significantly reduced gas vapor phase smoking constituents |
GB201104788D0 (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2011-05-04 | British American Tobacco Co | Smoking article |
GB2491358A (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-05 | British American Tobacco Co | Smoking device for generating an aerosol |
US9282772B2 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2016-03-15 | Altria Client Services Llc | Electronic vaping device |
BR112017012274B1 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2022-05-10 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Smoking article, filter section and method of manufacturing a smoking article |
ES2717550B2 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2020-02-28 | Univ Alicante | COMBINED FILTER FOR THE ELIMINATION OF TARS AND TOXIC COMPOUNDS OF TOBACCO SMOKE |
IT201800010060A1 (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2020-05-06 | Gd Spa | Cigarette |
WO2020115897A1 (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-11 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Non-combustible heating-type smoking article, electric heating-type smoking system, and method for producing non-combustible heating-type smoking article |
CN110720665B (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-11-05 | 南通醋酸纤维有限公司 | Aerosol generating structure, preparation method and application |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1892093U (en) * | 1964-01-17 | 1964-04-30 | Werner Baehr | FILTER FOR CIGARETTES OD. DGL. WITH THROTTLE POINTS, CONDENSATION CAVITIES AND IMPACT AREAS |
CH424587A (en) * | 1965-07-28 | 1966-11-15 | Heusser Eduard | Filter to remove tar from the smoke of tobacco products |
US3496945A (en) * | 1967-03-31 | 1970-02-24 | Abraham Emil Tomkin | Air-admixed cigarette utilizing restrictive-flow orifice |
FR2004232A1 (en) * | 1968-03-19 | 1969-11-21 | Grauvogel Kurt | |
US3527235A (en) * | 1968-05-24 | 1970-09-08 | Matra Corp | Tobacco smoke filter device |
GB1256117A (en) * | 1968-06-03 | 1971-12-08 | Universal American Corp | Refrigeration system |
JPS4938800B1 (en) * | 1970-05-08 | 1974-10-21 | ||
CA913486A (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1972-10-31 | Plourde Jacques | Selective air dosing means for cigarettes |
US3695274A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1972-10-03 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco | Piston type cigarette filter |
JPS4836477U (en) * | 1971-09-03 | 1973-05-01 | ||
US3756249A (en) * | 1971-09-23 | 1973-09-04 | Kimberly Clark Co | Smokable article having internal air passageway |
BE790395A (en) * | 1971-10-21 | 1973-02-15 | British American Tobacco Co | SMOKING ARTICLES IMPROVEMENTS |
US3773053A (en) * | 1972-01-24 | 1973-11-20 | Philip Morris Inc | Cigarette with controlled smoking profile |
JPS5119006Y2 (en) * | 1972-04-11 | 1976-05-19 | ||
SE361840B (en) * | 1972-04-13 | 1973-11-19 | Defibrator Ab | |
DE3115004A1 (en) * | 1981-04-14 | 1982-11-11 | Schöller, Wolfgang, 8000 München | Filter for cigarettes or other tobacco products |
GB8329501D0 (en) * | 1983-11-04 | 1983-12-07 | British American Tobacco Co | Smoking articles |
JPS60156375A (en) * | 1984-01-27 | 1985-08-16 | 樋口 清治 | Re-combustion prevented tobacco of noxious factor |
GB8819291D0 (en) * | 1988-08-12 | 1988-09-14 | British American Tobacco Co | Improvements relating to smoking articles |
DK499289A (en) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-04-13 | Rothmans Int Tobacco | CANDLE ELEMENTS FOR CIGARET FILTERS AND CIGARETTE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH CUSTOM ELEMENTS |
-
1990
- 1990-10-26 GB GB909023368A patent/GB9023368D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-10-02 AU AU85547/91A patent/AU644690B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-10-03 NZ NZ240084A patent/NZ240084A/en unknown
- 1991-10-07 ZA ZA918002A patent/ZA918002B/en unknown
- 1991-10-10 IS IS3766A patent/IS3766A7/en unknown
- 1991-10-14 AP APAP/P/1991/000331A patent/AP247A/en active
- 1991-10-16 HU HU913264A patent/HUT66931A/en unknown
- 1991-10-17 NO NO914076A patent/NO176862C/en unknown
- 1991-10-18 JP JP3298013A patent/JPH04262773A/en active Pending
- 1991-10-18 CN CN91109837A patent/CN1061331A/en active Pending
- 1991-10-21 MA MA22606A patent/MA22324A1/en unknown
- 1991-10-21 CS CS913172A patent/CS317291A3/en unknown
- 1991-10-21 RU SU915001762A patent/RU2001591C1/en active
- 1991-10-22 ES ES91309726T patent/ES2068522T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-22 DE DE69105914T patent/DE69105914T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-22 AT AT91309726T patent/ATE115368T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-10-22 DK DK91309726.7T patent/DK0482872T3/en active
- 1991-10-22 EP EP91309726A patent/EP0482872B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-23 IE IE371791A patent/IE65380B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-10-23 BR BR919104585A patent/BR9104585A/en unknown
- 1991-10-24 MX MX9101730A patent/MX9101730A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-10-24 BG BG95363A patent/BG60511B1/en unknown
- 1991-10-24 CU CU91166A patent/CU22191A3/en unknown
- 1991-10-25 FI FI915054A patent/FI915054A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-10-25 PL PL91292172A patent/PL167771B1/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-08-06 PT PT8860U patent/PT8860U/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-01-30 SG SG15695A patent/SG15695G/en unknown
- 1995-02-16 GR GR950400302T patent/GR3015084T3/en unknown
- 1995-12-01 CY CY183295A patent/CY1832A/en unknown
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Patent lapsed |