HUE027970T2 - System of formwork blocks, structure constructed with same and method for constructing a structure - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a system of building blocks that can be stacked to a masonry, wherein the respective building block in Integral structure is made of concrete, lightweight concrete, pumice·, lava or expanded concrete and two side walls which are Interconnected by a number of cross webs, end having filling pourable cavities limited by the side walls and of the cross webs. T he invention further relates to a building manufactured by using such formwork elements and to a method for erecting a building.

Traditional single- or multi-family houses and similar buildings of solid structures are built in masonry construction, usually single stones - for example bricks, hollow blocks, clinker or natural stones - are laid to form a brickwork or set and joined by mortar. Ibis construction Is usually associated with a large amount of work on the construction site. After the erection of masonry usually water, plumbing, heating and / or electrical installation is carried out. For this purpose silts are made in the masonry with an appropriate tool and the corresponding pipes and electric wires are placed in these slots. Subsequently, the remaining openings are backfilled with mortar or simitar and plastered. These steps are connected with a high manual effort. US 4,075,808 A discloses a System of formwork components according to the preamble of Claim 1.

From the prior art so-called prefabricated houses are also known, however, suffering from the problem of logistics, when large-scale and heavy precast concrete components are mainly used. The alternative of fimherframe construction has mainly a low acceptance among people ieoking for an own house,

It !s also known to build walls with the help of so-called building blocks, also known as hollow block or shuttering block, that are placed dry without mortar and their cavities or atr chambers after the building of masonry to be filled with concrete or with a cement mixture or with another curing filling material. This avoids the costly Implementation and subsequent removal of formwork that is normally required for concreting (principle of permanent formwork). Typically, such building blocks are made of concrete or lightweight concrete.

An example can be found in the German Utility model DE 8312 738 U1. The shown building block has two side walls which are interconnected by a plurality of cross webs. The crossbars are partially cut out at the top in order to support the distribution of the filling material In the masonry when casting. Requirements of water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical Installation are not addressed fully, Furthermore, although the latter has protruding entry pilots on the abutment surfaces, so that the individual stones in range are easily settable and displacement during filling is prevented, however, the self-alignment during the joining of the stones is not fully developed.

There are also foam variants of building blocks, such as polystyrene. Due to its tow weight such stones may be easy io handle, but the established masonry is subject to static restrictions. Again, installation and self-alignment requirements are usually taken into account only to a limited extent.

The present invention has therefore the objective to provide a system of setting easily and accurately building blocks, which facilitates water, plumbing, heating and / or electrical Installation compared to conventional installation methods. Furthermore, it should be given a particularly convenient method of erecting a structure using such formwork components.

The object relating to the apparatus· of the present invention is achieved by the features of daim 1.

Accordingly, it is envisaged that the cavities are arranged and sized to be formed through vertical shafts and continuous horizontal shafts for the intake of tubes and similar objects of water, sanitary, Heating and / or electrical installation in built; masonry, the clear width of the respective horizontal shaft Is at least 10 cm and its clear helghiof at feast 20 cm.

The terms "horizontal, vertical, up, down, etc." refer here and below to the intended installation position of the formwork elements in the masonry. The term "continuous" means that the respective horizontal channel extends without interruption over several juxtaposed building blocks, in particular over the entire wall width, and is preferably carried out in a linear fashion without significant gradations or similar, so that can be inserted or introduced a straight lined rigid tube. In particular, the ends of the building blocks, the shat cross-section, must be kept open. For vertical shafts same applies.

The invention starts from the consideration to develop further the set of horizontal shafts and vertical shafts formed by setting the building blocks to a masonry according to DE 83 12 758 U1 by suitable arrangement and dimensions, that not only the future distribution of the casting compound is brought forward between the individual stones, but that a true utilization of these shafts is made possible for the intake of tubes and similar objects building services. In the system of the Invention, within the formwork blocks electrical, plumbing and heating installation can be made without the hassle of subsequent slots in the walls. The laying of the corresponding pipe and electric cables are already made during construction and before the filling: of the masonry, installation and shell are virtually completed parallel ~ planning and construciion should be adapted accordingly.

In a preferred embodiment is formed in each row of masonry at least one, preferably exactly one of these horizontal shafts. The crossbars located between the sidewalls of each construction block are cut expediently suitable or with a correspondingly low height, for example, only half as high as the side wails.

Furthermore in each column and In each vertical stratification of the masonry forms advantageously at least one of the vertical shafts exists. In particular, the cavity between two crossbars of an construction block can be part of such a vertical shaft Alternatively or additionally horizontally successive construction building blocks can be part of a vertical shaft and the hollow space between the cross webs. If necessary, the construction building blocks for the installation in brickwork, are construed in the stretcher course or the header bond, whereat two appropriate types of construction block are existing whose crossbars are being staggered to form continuous vertical shafts with appropriate relocation of the shuttering blocks. Normally, however, the system does not require the displacement of blocks ~ they are simply stacked and formed checkerboard or matrix-like as the construction building blocks masonry gets its stability later by the filling.

It is especially advantageous If the cavities are located: and dimensioned such that In the horizontal shafts tubes can be laid with a diameter of up to 5 cm, preferably of up to 10 cm, to a length of up to 5 m, preferably of up to 20 m is particularly advantageous, being ai a gradient of at feast f%, that is at least 1 cm of difference in height per 100 cm horizontal extent, This is important especially fer sewer pipes, to mmm technical function properly in accordance with relevant technical sanitary regulations and standards.

The clear height of the respective horizontal shaft this is at least 20 cm. The clear width of each horizontal shaft, which is just like the clear width of each vortical shaft normally determined by the spacing of the side walls of the hoiking block, preferably at least 5 cm, preferably at least 10 cm.

For ordinary applications, it is advantageous if the respective construction block has exactly two cross girders to restrict the horizontal shaft cavity upwards. Downward the cavity of each construction block is expediently open, so it is not limited by base plate or the like. The limitation of the respective horizontal shaft downwards rather arises only in the masonry, through the cress webs of the underlying in tine construction block. Upwardly no celling plate or the like is expediently provided.

It is also advantageous if the respective building block is provided with alignment elements for a self-alignment and self-centering when erecting the masonry, preferably in both the vertical and horizontal directions.

For this purpose, advantageously the respective crossbar of a construction block towards the upper edges of the side walls has a protruding head portion, which is provided with peripheral centering slopes. These centering slopes along the lower edges of the sidewalls of the next higher row of blocks slide in the masonry when setting the formwork blocks down to the rest position, which is an automatic centering In the alignment of the wall.

Furthermore it is advantageous if the side wails of the respective formwork module at the top and at the bottom with the entire side wall thickness have horizontal hems, fiat-shaped contact surfaces, in particular if the bearing surfaces are oriented horizontally. A higher static resistance of the masonry compared! to stepped and / or tapered bearing surfaces is achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment, the side walls of each construction block on the front sides have vertical abutting edges, which are provided with connecting elements according to the tongue and groove principle. Tongue and groove connection is an embodiment to be understood each with a groove and a longue per connection partner, preferably the tongue is half as thick as the side wall i.o which it is formed, or its continuation.

In an advantageous development of this connection type has a subset of tongues vertically oriented, directed towards the interior of the construction block webs and a different subset of grooves on complementary recesses. It is particularly preferred in this case if the respective web has rounded, in particular circular segments, especially semi-circular cross-sections. Thus a second tongue and groove joint is effectively Implemented within the hrst tongue and groove connection, which is designed by an advantageous rounding of the tongue elements and the complementary grooves and slots for easy, self-centering connection of building blocks within a row of masonry.

In an advantageous variant of the block system, at least one of the construction blocks is configured as a revision module, which has in one of the side walls access to the cavities in the interior, especially at intersections of vertical and horizontal shafts and: allows a lockable engagement opening by an access cover. Such revision modules allow, for example, the subsequent connection or adjustment of pipes laid and after the construction - hut before the casting of the cavities ~ the walk to join a downplpe In a vertical shaft subsequently brought to connect to an horizontal shaft sewage pipe, or electrical cables to join together, or carry out an external connector from the wall.

In a conceivable embodiment, the cover is designed as a folding or pivoting element and preferably via at least one hinge with the associated side wall. Preferably the cover member is. however, loosely Inserted in the engaging hole, whereby It advantageously with peripheral chamfers abuts the complementary slopes of the border of the engagement opening in the closed state. Up to the fling of the wall cavities the cover can be fixed for example by means of an eyelet / stick combination from the outside.

Conveniently, the respective building block is made in one piece and is preferably made of concrete, lightweight concrete, shale, pumice, lava or expanded clay. Particular preference is lightweight concrete, for example special concrete or cement mixtures are used with good thermal insulation properties for the filling of cavities. Especially In multi-storey buildings, the corresponding static requirements through the integration of reinforcements, through reinforcement bars and / or fibers, are to be considered. Such reinforcement or fiber elements can be inserted in the vertical and / or horizontal shafts and then encapsulated with the curable filling materiéi In particular. With a suitable design of the formwork blocks with finished .surface, if is also possible to replace the normally existing interior plaster with speckling the walls, in order to achieve additional time and cost advantages.

Furthermore, if Is particularly advantageous if, in addition construction building blocks of basic type and construction blocks from at least one of the following groups are existing: the foundation stone, ceiling connection stone, cornerstone, I and double-T connection stone. In particular, the cornerstones and the T~stones are provided with appropriate side openings to enable the implementation of pipes and lines in the connecting walls. This is a system of formwork components providing the way from the foundation stone to the ceiling connectors, ensuring: the integration of all building services in the wall body and taking into account the related installation requirements from scratch.

The external dimensions and wall thicknesses of the formwork elements can vary related to the requirements and the specific planning context accordingly, but the above-mentioned framework for the dimensioning of the inner cavities are suitably observed. Preferably, the weight of a single block is in the range between 20 and 35 Kg in order to support a sufficient stabilization of the masonry by its own weight, but also to be able to be set relatively easy by a single worker without mechanical aids on the other hand.

The above-mentioned task related to the process according to the invention is achieved by a method of erecting a structure using a system of building blocks of the type described above, in which during the stacking of the formwork elements to a masonry, objects of a wafer, sanitation and elecfncal installation, without making silts to the walls, be laid and connected in the forming vertical shafts and horizontal shafts, the remaining voids ih the masonry to be e filled with a filling material, particularly concrete. Advantageously no binder or mortar is used to connect the stones during the construction of the masonry, hut the stones are set just dry, one on each other and side by side, taking advantage of their self-centering properties.

The advantages achieved with the invention exist especially therein, that through the complete integration of the building services like water, sanitation, heating and / or electrical wiring -· in a kit-like system of construction blocks with regard to their cavities appropriately configured and dimensioned - achieve a significant acceleration of the construction progress along with cost-related advantages while essentially the proven masonry construction Is retained.

Various embodiments of the Invention are explained in detail with reference to drawings. The figures are showing each a simplified and schematic Illustration; FIG. 1 a basic type of construction block (system stone) of the present invention in a perspective view obliquely from above, FIG. 2 shows a plurality of possible connection profiles for the frontal vertical connections between the building blocks FIG. 3 shows a preferred form of the frontal vertical connection between two formwork components as detailed in a perspective view. FIG, 4 one of four construction building blocks shown in FIG. 1 forming part of a wall, FIG. 5 shows a plurality of possible connection profiles for horizontal connections between the modules, FIG. 8 from top to bottom a system in stone dimension 50x50x30 cm. a system In dimension stone 25x50x30 cm, a system in dimension stone 25x25x30 cm, a system in dimension stone 50x50x30 cm for T-eonnection of walls, FIG, 7 from top to bottom a system of stone wall connections with cut-outs for Installation, a system stone with access panel for work on the installation, a system stone with T'Connecfioh, a system-corner stone, FIG, 3 from the fop down a cover for system blocks for the attached completion, a cover for system bricks for flush finish, a combination stone with cut-outs for the installation, a cover 1er the tap side of system components (eg. as for window sills, parapets) FIG, 9 from top to bottom a ceiling connection stone with cut-outs for the subsequent filling with concrete and for the placement of finished ceilings or ceiling elements, an additional celling connection stone with cut-outs, a ceiling connecting stone in the variant corner for inner connection, a ceiling connector block for internal connection, FIG, 10 from fop to bottom a foundation stone with support for foundation slabs or foundation elements and with recesses for the filling with concrete, a broad foundation module, a basic element for directorial corner fitting of wall elements, another basic element, FIG, 11 a revision stone with removable access panel, FIG. 12 different T~conneefion stones, FIG. 13 a section of a building assembled by several walls with partially different wall thicknesses with integrated sanitary and electrical installations, FIG. 14 is a plan view of an exterior wall with the T-shaped connecting stone for an inner wall FIG, 15 Is a view of a hasaraeát faodament with fundament stones, fundament slab and attached masonry, FIG. 16 Is a waft with a window recess, roller shutter housing element and revision stone, and FIG, 17 a section of a wait, which Is equipped with an insulation fixed on the sidewalls of the construction blocks.

Identical or functionally identical parts are provided in the figures with the same reference numbers.

The construction block 2 shown in a perspective view in FIG. 1 is produced as a molded stone In an integral construction of lightweight concrete. It has a total of a substantially cuboid outline and has two identical plana arranged in parallel and rectangular outlined sidewall 4, The two side walls 4 are Interconnected by plate-tike, perpendicular cross webs 8 aligned to the side walls or braces or supports, which are offset inward in the manner of a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the frontal vertical abutting edges 8 of the construction block 2.

The frontal vertical abutting edges 8 are designed for a tongue and groove connection with adjacent construction building blocks 2 in a series of masonry and for this purpose have corresponding grooves 10 and tongues 12 - here the manner of a tongue and groove, with the thickness of the tongue 12 of half the thickness of the sidewall 4, While at the right end of the construction block 2 of FIG. 1, the tongues 12 are outward, and the grooves are arranged 10 inside, so that the tongues 12 are formed as it were an extension or continuation of the outer surfaces of the side walls 4, this Is at the left end vice versa, so that the tongues 12 are an extension or continuation form of the inner surfaces ef the side wells 4. Advantageously, the two outer tongues 12 disposed at the right end on their inside are In each case with a substantially semi-cylindrical, vertically oriented and provided with an extending web 14 over the entire height of the tongue 12; the two inner tongues 12 disposed at the left end, however, have on their outer side complementary recesses 18.

Alternatively, the webs 14 and associated recesses 16 can be profiled and rectangular, preferably with rounded corners. Alternatively, In FIG can, 2 shown in cross-section with hook-dike or pointy projections and recesses, providing tongue and groove profiles, which can be used for the vertical connections.

The interplay of the two preferred connection partners when joining two frontally contiguous construction blocks 2 is shown in FIG. 3 singled out in detail. Moreover, it is also shown in FIG. 4 with examples of a four construction building blocks 2 in a checkerboard-like 2x2 array formed section shaping a wall - without offset of the individual rows. To make the connection a construction block 2 of the masonry series will be initially set; then the next brick in the row is lowered from above., and in such a way that the webs 14 slide into the associated recesses 16. When connected, there is a positive locking produced by the grooves 10 and tongues 12 on the one hand and the ridges 14 and grooves 16 on the other hand which secure the construction building blocks 2 against displacement or disiodgement in the horizontal direction, thus keeping aligned centered in the masonry. Then the next construction block 2 of the series is set, etc.

The horizontal abutting edges 18 of the upper and lower surfaces of the side walls 4 a construction block 2 are preferably flat, carried out without stepping so that continuous, horizontally aligned: bearing surfaces 20 are formed.

Alternatively, in FIG, 5, shown so cross-section, stepped and / or beveled profiles can be used tor the horizontal links.

To support the self-centering assembly of the formwork elements 2, the crossbars 6,. each have an at least partially protruding head portion 22 over the upper edges, in other words against the bearing surfaces 20 of the side walls 4, the head portion 22 is provided with peripheral centering slopes 24 towards the bearing surfaces 20. The middle portion of the head 22 of the respective crosspiece 6 is in a preferred embodiment, as can be seen In FIG, 1 or in FIG. 4, as a shaft cut out arcuate, particularly circular, as a result, only the relatively narrow, protruding with the centering bevels 24 wedge-shaped projections 26 extend over the upper joint edges 1S of the side walls 4,

The cross webs 6 are each provided with a vertically aligned central bore hole 28, which can be used for example for guiding or for fixing cables of a mounting bracket.

The cross webs 8 do not extend over the entire height of the side walls 4 of each construction block 2, Rather, the two side walls 4 have a significant overhang over the lower edge 30 of the cross webs 6.

This lower edge 30 is analogous to the top edge 32 arcuate, particularly out out circular arc-shaped so that the cross bar 8 In lateral plan view has a total of a biconcave shape with rectilinear, adjacent to the side walls 4, side edges. As a result in construction block 2 below the crossbar 8 cavities are formed being laterally limited by the side walls 4 of the formwork elements 2 and the top of the lower edges 30 of the crossbars 8, In the individual rows of the masonry formed by the juxtaposition of the building blocks 2. individual continuous horizontal cavities, horizontal shafts 34 are formed, limited above by the lower edges 30 of the upper cross webs 8 and the bottom of the upper edges 32 of the lower cross web 8.

The cross-sectional dimensions of the horizontal shafts 34 are dimensioned such that piping and ether objects of water, plumbing or electrical Installation having a diameter or a cross-sectional dimension of up to 5 cm, preferably of up to 10 cm or more can be laid during the construction of the masonry. Therefore, the width of the horizontal shafts 34, le the distance between the side walls 4, is at least 10 cm. The height of horizontal shafts 34 respects suitably even the additional requirement of sewage tubes carrying over a long distance, for example, 5 m to 20 m with a constant rate of about 1% of relocation and therefore the height is at least 12 cm, preferably at least 20 cm or more. For example, the distance h between the upper edge 32 of the tower cress piece 8 and the lower edge 30 of the cross web 8 in the center of the overlying block row, that is at the apexes of the arcuate cut-outs, preferably about 25 cm to 30 cm

The in masonry formed between the cross webs 8 vertical shafts 36 are also designed with regard to their dimensions for faking objects of above-mentioned types arid dimensions. For example, the distance c between two crossbars 6 of a construction block is 2 about 20 cm to 25 cm. The distance d between a crossbar 8 of a construction block 2 and the next cross web 8 of the series following the construction block 2 is for example about 15 cm to 28 cm. if goes without saying that the above-mentioned dimensions are of exemplary, illustrative nature and, if necessary, can be varied, tn this sense, as in annex families formwork blocks with different masonry width {- wail thickness) and side wall thickness are to be understood shuttering thickness). In the tables reproduced there the term cavity refers to the available cavity per construction block for installations (height x width of the horizontal cavities, length X width of the vertical cavities). These cavities are resulting if horizontal shafts and vertical shafts are put together in juxtaposition and construction building blocks for masonry are layered.

As can be seen overlooking the tables In addition to the basic type of construction block with different wall thicknesses and shuttering strengths are existing several other types for specific purposes, All stones have in common to their structure and function as with concrete or such filling enabled shuttering blocks with matching centering and connecting elements of the type described above, have shafts as the persistent design of the installation requirements of a water, sanitation, heating and / or electric installation - and thus the integration of suitably dimensioned cavities which combine to continuous· 'horizontal shafts and vertical shafts in the masonry. In FIG. 6 to 10 are shown different examples of various blocks of tna basic type and special function blocks together with associated covers, fasteners and connecting elements. This includes window or door lintels and window or door reveals not shown in detail. Especially in the smaller blocks only a single crossbeam connecting the two side walls can be provided. For larger components also three or more cross members may be present

The System provides that an entire floor or a complete floor of a building, for example of a single or multi-family house, can he created with all installations, windows, doors and the like, before the formwork blocks are filled with the Intended material in particular concrete, A special role is played by the revision block 38 shown in the FIG. 11 in perspective with a cover element 40 or a flap ciosable engagement opening 42 in one of the two side walls 4, enabling the access to the cavities in the interior, especially at intersections of vertical and horizontal shafts 34, 36. This special module allows the subsequent connection and inspection of installation objects, in particular horizontal and vertical tube and pipe guides even after the construction ef the wail In principle, each of the block types of the system, even provided with special function modules, can be construed as a revision block.

In the illustrated example Is disposed an in outline rectangular contoured cover element 40 between the two transverse beams 6, extending over the entire height of the side wall 4. The cover to be pushed a little from the outside into the engagement hole 42 and then moved by tilting in the dosed position. The cover 40 has on the side edge bevels 44, which fit into complementary bevels 46 at the boundary edges of the engagement hole 42 in a seif-aligned manner. In the closed position, the cover 40 then is formed from the inside like the outline of the side wail 4.

Consequently a hinge can be passed on. However, a temporary fix must he installed before filling the block. A lug /stick combination mounted on the outside of the sidewall, as shown in FIG, 11, can be made. The eyelet 48 Is fixed to the cover 40, and the stick 60 or rod to fix the arrangement simply is put through so that It overlaps laterally beyond the cover 40 and the adjacent side wail surfaces. Notwithstanding the example shown, the cover 40 could of course be bordered above and / or below by the side wall 4.

The connection between masonry of different thicknesses, In particular between the outer wails and perpendicular thereto inferior wails of a building takes place, through special connection modules, which are structured similarly to the basic type, but are laterally hited with connectors and fasteners, preferably according to the tongue and groove principle. To carry out (branching) pipes and conduits are provided through holes 51 or slits in the required size in the corresponding segment of the side wall 4, in particular in the region between the two cross beams 6, as shown in FIG, 12.

For'illustration, in FIG, 13 in semi-transparent view a portion of one of several composite buildings, respectively with extending wails at right angles with partially different wall thickness, with built-in plumbing and electrical Installation In the form of fresh water pipes 62, sewage pipes 54 and each of the walls brings out wafer connections 56, drainpipes 58 and electric wall sockets 60, Special link modules of the type described above are used for corner joints. Some of the blocks are In the form of revision modules 38, namely In particular In the area of corner joints as shaft as pipe and conduit, and: opposite wall bushings. FIG, 14 shows a corresponding plan view of an exterior wall with the T-shaped connection stones 32 for an Interior wall. In the bottom connection block 62 a drain pipe 54 can be seen that branches from the outer wall drain pipe (not visible here), Λ detailed view of a basement fundament with fundament stones 64, base plate 63 and attached masonry FIG. 15. Good to see is also corner stone 68, resulting quasi by L-shaped bend of the basic type in the area between the two crossbars 6,. FIG. 13 is a wall with a window cutout 70, roller shutter housing; element 72 and revision stone 38.

In FIG, 17 Finally, a section of a wall is shown, which is equipped with an insulation of insulation board 74 applied to the side walls 4 of the building block 2 In order to ensure the principle of self-alignment with simultaneous tightness, the abutting surfaces of the insulation panels 74 are preferably beveled in mutually complementary manner.

Appendix

Examples of families of System blocks Typed

Wail thickness: 3ÖÖ mm Fermbiock Size: 50 mm Length: 500 mm, 250 mm Height500 mm, 250 mm

Weight brick 500x500 mm approximately 25 to 35 kg, corner 500x500x500 mm 30 to 5(1 kg, 250 height approximately half

Types: brick 500x500 mm. 500x250 mm, corner 500x500x500 mm, ceiling connection, corner ceiling connection, ceiling interior connection, fundament stone, corner stone fundament, T~connector stone, connection stone 300, T60,120, revision stone, stone base, base corner

Capacity: ca. 0,17r?r

Cavity, horizontal 240 (130 min,) mm x 200 mm, vertical 250 (min, 150) x 200 mm Type II

Wail thickness: 160 mm Fermbiock Size: 30mm Length: 5Ö0 mm, 250 mm Height; 500 mm, 250 mm

Weight: brick 500x500 mm approximately 12 to 20 kg, corner 500x500x500 mm I S to 35 kg, 250 height approximately half

Types: brick 500x500 mm., 500x260 mm, corner 500x500x500 mm, ceiing connection, corner ceiling connection, celling interior connection, fundament stone, corner stone fundament, T~eonneotor stone, connection stone 300,160,120, revision stone, Oase stone, Pane corner

Capacity: ca. 0.08 rrr;

Cavity: horizontal 235 (125 min.) x 109 mm, vertical 2ÜÖ mm x T00: ram Type it

Wall thickness: 120 mm Formblook Size: 30 mm, alternative 20 mm Length:.5ÖÖ mm, 250 mm Height: 50Ô mm,. 250 mm

Weight;, brick 500x500 mm approximately 11 to 19 kg, comer 500x500x500 mm, approximately 17 to 34 kg, 2éÓ height approximately half

Types: brick 500x500 mm, 500x250 mm, corner 500x500x500 mm, ceiling connection, cerner ceiling connection, ceiling interior connection, fundament stone, corner stone fundament, T-connector stone, connection, stone 300, 160.120, revision stone, stone base, base corner

Capacity: ca, 0,04 nr5

Cavity: horizontal 235 (125 min.) x 80 mm, vertical 200 mm x 60 mm

UST OF REFERENCE NUÜBERS 2 œnstructo block 42 intervention opening 44 bevel 4 sidewall 46 bevel 6 cross web 46 eyelet 8 vertical abutting edge 50 stick 10 groove 51 passage opening 12 tongue 52 fresh water pipe 14 ridge sewage pipe 18 recess 58 water supply 18 horizontal abutment 58 drain f*>® Λ, 60 electric wall socket eoge ,v„. - ., 62 connection stone 2u bearing surface ,v,, ,. . . . 64 fundament stone 22 needing segment ,,. , - , 66 fundament plate 24 centering slope y 26 salient ' 68 corner stone 28 drill hole 70 window recess 30 bottom edge 72 roller shuter hous,n9 element 0,, , ^ . 74 insulation board 32 rop edge 34 horizontal shaft ..,,, . « , ,. a'distance 36 vertical shaft w .-- ,,-, b distance 38 revision block ,.. ,_____, c distance 40 covering element d distance

Claims (6)

ZSALÜZÓ-ÉFÍTŐELEMIKBŐL ÁLLÓ RENDSZER, AZZAL FELÉFÍTETT ÉPÍTMÉNY, VALAMINT ELJÁRÁS EGY ÉPÍTMÉNY FELÉPÍTÉSÉRE Szabadalmi igényposPok L Zsaloző-ópUöelemekbőí {.2} álló rendszer, amelyet rétegesen lehet fektetni egy falazatra, ahol az adott zsaluzó-építőelem (2) Összeépített szerkezetben van elkészítve betonból, könnyüfcetonból, agyagpalából, hahfcőböl, lávából vagy duzzadó agyagból és rendelkezik két oldallallal (4), amelyek össze vannak kapcsolva egy bizonyos szám« kereszttartó (6> révén, valamint rendelkezik üregekkel, amelyek az. oldalfalak (4) és a kereszttartók (6) által vannak határolva és kiönt hetek egy kittöhö anyaggal, ahol a nevezett öregek úgy vannak elrendezve és méretezve, bogy a felépített falazatban folytonos függőleges aknák (36) és folytonos vízszintes aknák (34) vannak kialakítva egy víz.-·, szanifer-, fűtés-és/vagy elektromos-szerelvény csővezetékeinek vagy hasonló objektumainak fogadására, azzal jellemezve, hogy mindegyik vízszintes abtártak (34) a szabad szélessége legalább 10 cm és annak szabad magassága legalább 2.0 cm, és azzal, hogy az adod kereszttanú fos rendelkezik egy fej-szakasszal (22), amely kiáll az oldalfalaknak (4) a felső szélem túl, amely el van látva kerületi eenírimzó ferde szélekkel (24) a következő magasabban levő építőelem sor zsaiitző-éphöelemeinek (2) egy automatikus eentrirozása céljából a falazatnak a .felépítése során.SYSTEMS CONSTRUCTED BY A FASTENING FACILITY AND CONSTRUCTION, AND PROCEDURE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF A CONSTRUCTION APPLICATION Pok L Push-to-Spot {{.2}} standing system, which can be laid on a masonry, where the formwork (2) of the formwork is made of concrete, in a constructed structure. tear-cetone, clay pile, harp, lava or swelling clay, and has two sides (4) connected by a certain number of "cross-members (6> and having cavities which by the side walls (4) and cross-members (6)) are bounded and ejected with a hollow material, wherein said old people are arranged and dimensioned so that continuous vertical shafts (36) and continuous horizontal shafts (34) are formed in the masonry, such as water, sanitary, heating and heating. / or pipelines or similar objects of an electrical assembly characterized in that each of the horizontal shafts (34) has a free width of at least 10 cm and a free height of at least 2.0 cm, and that the transverse branch of the pin has a head section (22) protruding against the side walls (4) the upper edge, which is provided with circumferential ejector slanting edges (24) for the automatic alignment of the skewer-like elements (2) of the next higher building block during the construction of the masonry. 2, Rendszer az 1. igénypont szerint', ahol az adott zsaluzó-épitőelem (2) két keresztfartőval (6) rendelkezik, amelyek behatárolják a rendelkezésre álló üreget egy vízszintes aknának: (34) a kialakítása céljából2, a system according to claim 1, wherein said formwork-building element (2) has two cross-members (6) which define the available cavity to form a horizontal shaft (34) 3, Rendszer az 1 .-töl 2.-ig igénypontok egyike szerint, ahol az adott zsaluzó-épitőelem <2> el van látva beállító elemekkel önbeállítás céljából a falazat felépítése sorárt, előnyösen mind a függőleges mmd a viz.sztnses irányban.3, System according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein said formwork-building element <2> is provided with adjusting elements for self-alignment of the masonry structure, preferably in both the vertical mmd and the water direction. 4, Rendszer az L~iői 3,·-tg igénypontok egyike szerint, ahol az adott zsaluző-éphőelemnek (2) az oldalfalai (4) a felső részen és az. alsó részen vízszintes szegélyekkel UH) rendelkeznek, amelyek a teljes oldallal-vastagságon keresztül lapos kialakításúak és előnyösen vízszintesen irányított bimasz.íekiielekkei (20) rendelkeznek. S.,. Rendszer az I .-tői -1-ig igénypontok egyike szerint., ahol az adott z.salnz.ó-éf.tit.öeiemnek (2) az. oldalfalai (4) a vég-oldalakon függőleges ütköző szélekkel (8) rendelkeznek, amelyek el vannak látva összekapcsoló elemekkel a csap-horony mút-íéder) elv szerint. i, Rendszer az. 5. igénypont szerint, ahol csapok U2) egy részmennyisége függőlegesen terjedő, a zsaíuző-épftőeiern belseje felé irányítod pallókkal (14) és csapok U2) egy másik részmennyísége kiegészítő bemélyedésekkel (16) rendelkezik,4, a system according to any one of claims 3 to 3, wherein said formwork member (2) has side walls (4) on the upper portion and. the lower part has horizontal edges UH) which are flat-shaped through the full-side thickness and preferably have horizontally guided booms (20). S.,. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 1, wherein said z.saln.f. the side walls (4) on the end sides have vertical stop edges (8), which are provided with connecting elements according to the groove-groove principle of the groove groove. i, System is. According to claim 5, wherein a portion of the pins U2) is vertically extending, it is directed to the inside of the buzzer builder by means of planks (14) and a second sub-opening of the pins U2 has additional recesses (16), 7, Rendszer az 1.-től 6.-ig igénypontok egyike szerint, ahol a z.sainz.ó-éprtőeternek (2) közül legalább az. egyik revíziós építőelemként (38) van kialakítva, amely lehetővé teszi a hozzáférést az üregekbe a belső részen, kiriönósen a függőleges aknák (36) és vízszintes aknák (34) kereszteződési területén, egy bemeneti nyílás (42) révén az. oldalfalak (4) közül az egyikben, amely zárható egy fedöelem (40) révén. I, Rendszer az L-tol 7,-sg igénypontok egyike szerint, ahol a zsalnzo-építöelemeken (2) kívül, amelyek mint alapvető falazó építőelemek működnek, szintén rendelkezésre állnak zsalnzo-épltőelemek (2) a kővetkező csoportok közül legalább az egyikből: alap-építőelem, mennyezeti csatlakozó-építőelem, sarokcsatlakozó-épitodem, T-csatlakozó-épltöelem és kettős T-esatlakozó-épUöeíem. Sk Építmény, amely egy az I .-tői k>~ig igénypontok' egyike szerinti zsatózó-épttöelomekbö! (2) álló rendszer használatával van felépítve.7, A system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the z.sainz.o. one of the revision building elements (38), which allows access to the cavities in the inner part, in the area of intersection of the vertical shafts (36) and horizontal shafts (34), by means of an inlet (42). one of the side walls (4) which can be closed by a cover element (40). I, A system according to one of claims 7 to 7, wherein, in addition to the shutter-building elements (2), which act as basic masonry building elements, there are also shutters (2) from at least one of the following groups: basic building block, ceiling connector block, corner connector construction, T-connector nut and double T-connector-assembly. Sk A building which is a sinker building block according to one of Claims I to k! (2) is built using a standing system. 10. Eljárás egy építmény felépítésén.' egy az 1 .-tő) 8.~ig igénypontok egyike szerinti zsalnzö-épitőeíemekbö) (2) álló -endszer használata révén, ahol a zsaluzó-építőelemek (2) réteges fektelése közben egy falazatra. objektumok. mint a viz-, szaniter- vagy elektromos-szerelvények, telepítve vannak és össze vannak kapcsolva a kialakuló függőleges aknákban (36) és vízszintes aknákban (34) falazat-bevágások elvégzése nélkül ahol ezt követően a megmaradó üres terek a falazatban ki varrnak öntve egy kitöltő anyaggal különösen betonnal.10. Procedure for building a structure. ' a shutter-building element according to one of claims 1 to 8) using a stationary system (2), wherein the formwork components (2) are laid on a masonry during layered laying. objects. like water, sanitary or electrical fittings, are installed and connected in the formed vertical shafts (36) and horizontal shafts (34) without making masonry cuts where the remaining empty spaces in the masonry are sewn into a filler. especially concrete.