HRP931381A2 - Ferrochrome slag - alternative synthetic material for eruptive aggregate inal wearing out asphalt layer for heavy traffic roads - Google Patents
Ferrochrome slag - alternative synthetic material for eruptive aggregate inal wearing out asphalt layer for heavy traffic roads Download PDFInfo
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- HRP931381A2 HRP931381A2 HRP931381A HRP931381A2 HR P931381 A2 HRP931381 A2 HR P931381A2 HR P931381 A HRP931381 A HR P931381A HR P931381 A2 HRP931381 A2 HR P931381A2
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Description
Područje tehnike The field of technology
Ferokrom troska nastaje kod proizvodnje metala ferokroma kao nusprodukt u kemijskoj industriji "Dalmacija" Dugi Rat. Jedan dio troske se drobi i sistemom flotacije odvaja od metala, te se dobije granulirani materijal krupnoće 0-22 mm. Drugi dio se ne drobi, već se sa dobrim dijelom granulirane troske gura u more kao otpad, čime se do sada u tvornici stvara novi prostor. Ferrochrome slag is produced during the production of ferrochrome metal as a byproduct in the chemical industry "Dalmatia" Dugi Rat. One part of the slag is crushed and separated from the metal by the flotation system, resulting in a granulated material with a coarseness of 0-22 mm. The other part is not crushed, but with a large part of the granulated slag is pushed into the sea as waste, thus creating new space in the factory.
Daljnjom obradom - propisnim prosijavanjem i djelomičnim drobljenjem granulirane troske dobivamo kvalitetan sintetski alternativni materijal za zamjenu eruptivnog agregata u asfaltnim mješavinama u graditeljstvu. With further processing - proper screening and partial crushing of granulated slag, we obtain a high-quality synthetic alternative material for replacing eruptive aggregate in asphalt mixes in construction.
Tehnički problem Technical problem
Asfaltne mješavine predviđene za izradu završnih, habajućih slojeva kolničkih konstrukcija na autocestama i cestama 1. i 2. prometnog razreda moraju, prema standardu U.E4.014., biti izrađene isključivo na bazi kamenog materijala eruptivnog porijekla. Ovaj je zahtjev baziran na činjenici da eruptivni kameni materijali imaju bitno veću otpornost prema zaglađivanju od karbonatnog kamenog materijala. Asphalt mixtures intended for the production of final, wearing layers of pavement structures on highways and roads of the 1st and 2nd traffic classes must, according to the U.E4.014 standard, be made exclusively on the basis of stone material of eruptive origin. This requirement is based on the fact that eruptive rock materials have significantly greater resistance to smoothing than carbonate rock material.
Zakonom o građenju za nove proizvode, člankom 15., propisano je da se građevinski proizvodi i oprema, koji nisu provjereni u praksi, odnosno za koje nije donesen odgovarajući propis ili Hrvatska norma, mogu upotrebljavati, odnosno ugrađivati, samo na temelju odobrenja ministra, a koji donosi na temelju potvrde ovlaštene institucije za certifikaciju da građevinski proizvod unutar svoje namjene udovoljava zahtjevima glede osiguranja tehničkih svojstava bitnih za građevine prema ovom zakonu. The Law on Construction for New Products, Article 15, stipulates that construction products and equipment, which have not been verified in practice, i.e. for which no corresponding regulation or Croatian standard has been adopted, can be used, i.e. installed, only on the basis of the approval of the minister, and which passes on the basis of the certificate of the authorized institution for certification that the building product meets the requirements for ensuring the technical properties essential for buildings according to this law within its intended purpose.
Glede navedenog trebalo je ispitati sva svojstva troske kao materijala sa svim njegovim karakteristikama tj.: Regarding the above, it was necessary to examine all properties of slag as a material with all its characteristics, i.e.:
- kemijski sastav - chemical composition
- fizičko mehaničke karakteristike - physical and mechanical characteristics
- ispitivanje radioaktivnosti, - radioactivity testing,
a onda laboratorijski, a potom i praktično dokazati mogućnost spravljanja asfalta visoke otpornosti na zaglađivanje. and then laboratory, and then practically prove the possibility of making asphalt with high resistance to smoothing.
Stanje tehnike State of the art
Tijekom ispitivanja mogućnosti primjene ferokromne troske, a naročito o povećanoj otpornosti prema zaglađivanju za završni habajući asfaltni sloj za ceste sa teškim teretom nigdje kod nas, a niti u svijetu nismo naišli da su započeta ispitivanja kompletirana, a During the examination of the possibility of using ferrochromic slag, and especially of the increased resistance to smoothing for the final wearing asphalt layer for roads with heavy loads, nowhere in our country, nor in the world, did we find that the tests that had been started had been completed, and
pogotovo da su probnim dionicama i naknadnim ispitivanjima potvrđena. Nije poznato da sada postoje standardi ili bilo kakvi propisi za primjenu ferokromne troske u završnom asfaltno-habajućem sloju za teška opterećenja. especially if they were confirmed by test sections and subsequent tests. No standards or any regulations are known to exist now for the use of ferrochrome slag in the final heavy-duty asphalt wearing course.
Izlaganje biti izuma Presentation of the essence of the invention
Kod ferokromne troske prvo je dokazana mogućnost primjene u asfaltnim mješavinama općenito. Dobiveni rezultati ukazivali su na mogućnost dobivanja asfalta na kolnim konstrukcijama za teška prometna opterećenja dobrih površinskih karakteristika, tj. povećane otpornosti prema zaglađivanju, a što je uvjet za završni habajući sloj. With ferrochromic slag, the possibility of application in asphalt mixtures in general was first proven. The obtained results indicated the possibility of obtaining asphalt on road structures for heavy traffic loads with good surface characteristics, i.e. increased resistance to smoothing, which is a requirement for the final wear layer.
Sljedećim ispitivanjima dokazano je da troska ferokroma ima daleko najbolju otpornost prema zaglađivanju i habanju od svih materijala koji su ispitivani. Dokazana je i vrlo dobra prionjivost bitumena sa troskom (100/95). The following tests proved that ferrochrome slag has by far the best resistance to smoothing and wear of all the materials tested. The very good adhesion of bitumen with slag (100/95) has also been proven.
Kratak opis slika nacrta A brief description of the blueprint images
Uzorak materijala (slika 1.) na kojemu se vrši zaglađivanje montiran je na ispitni kotač (slika 2.). Zaglađivanje površine zrnja vrši se utjecajem gumenog kotača i abraziva (slika 3.). Rezultati ispitivanja obrađuju se grafički ili statistički u svrhu dobivanja podataka o otpornosti ispitivanog materijala (slika 4.). The material sample (picture 1) on which smoothing is performed is mounted on the test wheel (picture 2). The surface of the grain is smoothed by the influence of a rubber wheel and abrasives (Figure 3). The test results are processed graphically or statistically in order to obtain data on the resistance of the tested material (Figure 4).
Zaglađivanjem asfaltnog uzorka vrši se utjecajem gume pod pritiskom na rotirajući uzorak asfalta prema određenom postupku. Nakon određenog vremena proces se zaustavi radi mjerenja (slika 5.). Rezultati ispitivanja obrađuju se grafički ili statistički u svrhu dobivanja podataka o otpornosti ispitivanih asfaltnih uzoraka prema zaglađivanju. The smoothing of the asphalt pattern is done by the impact of rubber under pressure on the rotating asphalt pattern according to a certain procedure. After a certain time, the process is stopped for measurement (Figure 5). The test results are processed graphically or statistically in order to obtain data on the resistance of the tested asphalt samples to smoothing.
Promatranjem uzoraka načinjenih od karbonata, eruptiva i troske nakon završenog procesa, uzorak od troske izgleda kao nov, dok su eruptivni, a naročito karbonatni, doživjeli velika oštećenja (slika 6.). By observing the samples made of carbonate, eruptive and slag after the completed process, the slag sample looks like new, while the eruptive, and especially the carbonate, experienced great damage (Fig. 6).
Detaljan opis ostvarivanja izuma Detailed description of the realization of the invention
Asfalt načinjen na bazi takvog materijala morao bi pokazivati povećanu otpornost prema zaglađivanju. U tu svrhu dokazivanja prethodno navedenog načinjena su sljedeća ispitivanja: Asphalt made on the basis of such material should show increased resistance to smoothing. In order to prove the aforementioned, the following tests were performed:
- Ispitane su standardne karakteristike prirodnih i sintetskih karakteristika granuliranih materijala - Standard characteristics of natural and synthetic characteristics of granular materials were tested
- Ispitane su otpornosti prema zaglađivanju zrna prirodnih i sintetskih granuliranih materijala. - Resistance to grain smoothing of natural and synthetic granular materials was tested.
Zaglađivanje je načinjeno prema postupku po kojem se površina zrna zaglađuje (troši) djelovanjem gumenog kotača i abraziva. Smoothing is done according to the process by which the grain surface is smoothed (worn) by the action of a rubber wheel and abrasives.
Iz tog razloga, a poštujući osnovnu ideju istraživanja načinjen je niz asfalta u kojima se nalaze kameni materijali istog granulometrijskog sustava, a različitog minerološko-petrografskog sastava. For this reason, and respecting the basic idea of the research, a series of asphalts were made in which there are stone materials of the same granulometric system, but of different mineralogical-petrographic composition.
Dakle u svrhu dokazivanja mogućnosti primjene ferokromne troske za izradu asfalta povećane otpornosti prema zaglađivanju načinjena su daljnja ispitivanja sljedećih kombinacija kamenih materijala: Therefore, in order to prove the possibility of using ferrochromic slag for the production of asphalt with increased resistance to smoothing, further tests of the following combinations of stone materials were carried out:
- čisti eruptivni materijal - pure eruptive material
- čisti karbonatni materijal - pure carbonate material
- kombinacija eruptivnog i karbonatnog materijala - a combination of eruptive and carbonate material
- kombinacija troske i karbonatnog materijala - a combination of slag and carbonate material
- kombinacija troske, karbonatnog i eruptivnog materijala - a combination of slag, carbonate and eruptive material
Analiza rezultata ispitivanja otpornosti prema zaglađivanju prethodno opisanih uzoraka asfalta čiji se sastavi razlikuju prema minerološko-petrografskom sastavu kamenih materijala pokazala je sljedeće: The analysis of the results of testing the resistance to smoothing of previously described asphalt samples whose compositions differ according to the mineralogical-petrographic composition of the stone materials showed the following:
- Najveću otpornost prema zaglađivanju, te najveći konačni otpor prema klizanju imaju asfaltne površine načinjene na bazi čiste ferokromne troske. Osim navedenog, površina tog asfalta nakon izrazito dugog procesa zaglađivanja ima takav izgled kao da uopće nije zaglađivan. - Asphalt surfaces made on the basis of pure ferrochromic slag have the highest resistance to smoothing and the highest final resistance to sliding. In addition to the above, the surface of that asphalt, after an extremely long smoothing process, looks as if it was not smoothed at all.
- Nešto slabiju otpornost prema zaglađivanju imaju asfalti načinjeni na bazi eruptivong kamenog materijala. Potrebno je napomenuti da se te površine tokom procesa zaglađivanja evidentno troše. - Asphalts made on the basis of eruptivong stone material have somewhat weaker resistance to smoothing. It should be noted that these surfaces are evidently worn during the smoothing process.
- Najlošiju otpornost prema zaglađivanju imaju asfalti načinjeni na bazi čistog kamenog materijala karbonatnog sastava. Tim površinama istrošenost procesom zaglađivanja je izrazito visoka. - Asphalts made on the basis of pure stone material with a carbonate composition have the worst resistance to smoothing. The wear of these surfaces by the smoothing process is extremely high.
- Između ta dva ekstrema (čista troska i čisti karbonat) nalaze se asfalti za čiju se pripravu upotrebljavala kombinacija troske, eruptivnog i karbonatnog materijala. - Between these two extremes (pure slag and pure carbonate) there are asphalts for the preparation of which a combination of slag, eruptive and carbonate material was used.
- Na osnovu rezultata ispitivanja nekih od kombinacija materijala moguće je zaključiti da se već i malim dodatkom ferokromne troske asfaltima načinjenim na bazi kamenog materijala karbonatnog sastava može poboljšati otpor prema klizanju. - Based on the test results of some of the material combinations, it is possible to conclude that even a small addition of ferrochromic slag to asphalts made on the basis of stone material with a carbonate composition can improve the resistance to sliding.
Prethodno navedeni rezultati su čvrst dokaz upotrebljivosti ferokromne troske za izradu asfalta povećane otpornosti prema zaglađivanju. Da bi se teoretski i laboratorijski dobiveni podaci potvrdili bilo je neophodno izgraditi probne dionice i pratiti njihovo ponašanje. Dosadašnjim praćenjem ovih dionica nisu uočeni nikakvi znakovi koji bi ukazali na nešto drugačije ponašanje od onog kojeg smo dobili laboratorijskim putem. Radi donošenja standarda kojim će se definirati uvjeti kvalitete ferokrom troske za namjenu predviđenu ovim izumom, unaprijed su utvrđene karakteristike ferokrom troske za asfaltne mješavine. The aforementioned results are solid proof of the usability of ferrochromic slag for the production of asphalt with increased resistance to smoothing. In order to confirm the data obtained theoretically and in the laboratory, it was necessary to build test sections and monitor their behavior. By monitoring these stocks so far, no signs have been observed that would indicate a somewhat different behavior from the one we obtained through the laboratory. In order to adopt a standard that will define the quality conditions of ferrochrome slag for the purpose envisaged by this invention, the characteristics of ferrochrome slag for asphalt mixtures have been determined in advance.
KARAKTERISTIKE FEROKROM TROSKE ZA ASFALTNE MJEŠAVINE CHARACTERISTICS OF FERROCROME SLAG FOR ASPHALT MIXTURES
A. GRANULOMETRIJSKI SASTAV izvornog materijala - prosjek A. GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION of the original material - average
(max. odstupanje 10%) (max. deviation 10%)
[image] [image]
B. KEMIJSKI SASTAV - prosjek (max. odstupanje 10%) B. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION - average (max. deviation 10%)
[image] [image]
C. FIZIČKO MEHANIČKA SVOJSTVA C. PHYSICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
[image] [image]
D. ZDRAVSTVENA UPORABLJIVOST D. HEALTHCARE USABILITY
Uporabljiv materijal za sve radove u graditeljstvu. Usable material for all works in construction.
Način industrijske i druge primjene Way of industrial and other application
Izvorna granulirana troska ferokroma krupnoće 0-22 ne može se bez prosijavanja po frakcijama propisanim za asfaltne mješavine upotrebljavati zbog važećih propisa. Tijekom građenja probnih dionica došlo se do spoznaje da nijedno postojeće postrojenje ne može kvalitetno prosijavati trosku bez prethodnog sušenja. Kad se frakcionira troska po važećim standardima za asfaltne mješavine uz dopuštenu toleranciju nadzrna i podzrna, onda je materijal spreman za uporabu, uz odobrenje za upotrebu Ministarstva za graditeljstvo. The original granulated ferrochrome slag of size 0-22 cannot be used without sieving according to the fractions prescribed for asphalt mixtures due to current regulations. During the construction of test sections, it was realized that no existing plant can sift slag with high quality without prior drying. When the slag is fractionated according to the valid standards for asphalt mixtures with an allowed tolerance of over- and under-grains, then the material is ready for use, with approval for use by the Ministry of Construction.
Upotreba ovog materijala zbog njegove ograničenosti i kvalitete predviđa se prvenstveno za završni habajući sloj i površinsku obradu asfalta. Primjena ovako pripremljenog materijala moguća je i u drugim radovima (specijalni teški betoni visokih čvrstoća, abrazivi za pjeskarenje i dr.). The use of this material due to its limitation and quality is primarily intended for the final wear layer and surface treatment of asphalt. The use of material prepared in this way is also possible in other works (special heavy concrete of high strength, abrasives for sandblasting, etc.).
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRP931381 HRP931381B1 (en) | 1993-11-08 | 1993-11-08 | Ferrochrome slag - alternative synthetic material for eruptive aggregate in final wearing out asphalt layer for heavy traffic roads |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRP931381 HRP931381B1 (en) | 1993-11-08 | 1993-11-08 | Ferrochrome slag - alternative synthetic material for eruptive aggregate in final wearing out asphalt layer for heavy traffic roads |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP931381A2 true HRP931381A2 (en) | 1995-12-31 |
| HRP931381B1 HRP931381B1 (en) | 1998-02-28 |
Family
ID=10946030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRP931381 HRP931381B1 (en) | 1993-11-08 | 1993-11-08 | Ferrochrome slag - alternative synthetic material for eruptive aggregate in final wearing out asphalt layer for heavy traffic roads |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| HR (1) | HRP931381B1 (en) |
-
1993
- 1993-11-08 HR HRP931381 patent/HRP931381B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HRP931381B1 (en) | 1998-02-28 |
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