HRP930867A2 - A lid for lead accumulators - Google Patents

A lid for lead accumulators Download PDF

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Publication number
HRP930867A2
HRP930867A2 HRP-1870/84A HRP930867A HRP930867A2 HR P930867 A2 HRP930867 A2 HR P930867A2 HR P930867 A HRP930867 A HR P930867A HR P930867 A2 HRP930867 A2 HR P930867A2
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Croatia
Prior art keywords
cover
electrolyte
opening
poles
battery
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HRP-1870/84A
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Croatian (hr)
Inventor
Olimpio Stocchiero
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Olimpio Stocchiero
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Publication date
Priority claimed from IT85653/81A external-priority patent/IT1168598B/en
Priority claimed from IT85548/82A external-priority patent/IT1193077B/en
Priority claimed from YU187084A external-priority patent/YU45673B/en
Application filed by Olimpio Stocchiero filed Critical Olimpio Stocchiero
Publication of HRP930867A2 publication Critical patent/HRP930867A2/en

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    • Y02E60/12

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  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)

Description

Područje tehnike u koju spada izum The technical field to which the invention belongs

Izum spada u oblast sredstava za direktno pretvaranje kemijske u električnu energiju, a posebno se odnosi na akumulatore i njihove konstrukcijske dijelove. Oznaka prema Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji patenata H 01 M 2/04. The invention belongs to the field of means for direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, and in particular refers to accumulators and their structural parts. Designation according to the International Classification of Patents H 01 M 2/04.

Tehnički problem Technical problem

Izumom se rješava problem kako osigurati krutu vezu između nosača polova, ulivenih u poklopac akumulatora sa pločama polova, a da pri povećanju dužine ploča, do koga dolazi poslije određenog vremena do formiranja akumulatora ne dođe do loma poklopca, kao i da se pri dolijevanju elektrolita spriječi razlijevanje elektrolita, koje bi moglo dovesti do kratkog spoja između polova akumulatora i osigura dobro brtvljenje čepa otvora. The invention solves the problem of how to ensure a rigid connection between the pole supports, molded into the battery cover with the pole plates, so that when the length of the plates increases, which occurs after a certain time until the battery is formed, the cover does not break, as well as to prevent when adding electrolyte spillage of electrolyte, which could lead to a short circuit between the poles of the battery and ensure a good sealing of the opening cap.

Stanje tehnike State of the art

Prirodno starenje uslijed dugog rada elemenata olovnog električnog akumulatora neizbježno dovodi do povećanja visine pozitivnih ploča njegovih elemenata. Ako su ti elementi zatvoreni poklopcem koji je, obično, autogeno zavaren, pojavit će se u poklopcu jaka naprezanja, koja često dovode do loma poklopca. Time se akumulator izbacuje iz upotrebe. Drugi razlozi za propadanje su pražnjenja do kojih može doći između pozitivnog i negativnog pola duž mostova, koji se stvaraju na poklopcu od elektrolita koji se, makar i u najmanjim količinama, razlio kroz otvor za nalijevanje i dolijevanje. Natural aging due to the long operation of the elements of a lead electric battery inevitably leads to an increase in the height of the positive plates of its elements. If these elements are closed with a cover that is usually autogenously welded, strong stresses will appear in the cover, which often lead to the cover breaking. This puts the battery out of use. Other reasons for deterioration are the discharges that can occur between the positive and negative poles along the bridges, which are created on the lid from electrolyte that, even in the smallest quantities, has spilled through the filling and topping up hole.

Poznato je da kod konstrukcije akumulatora poklopac svakog elementa, ćelije akumulatora treba zadovoljiti dva osnovna zahtijeva: da osigura punu hermetičnost kako bi se izbjeglo moguće prolijevanje elektrolita iz akumulatora, imajući u vidu izuzetnu korozivnost elektrolita. Osim toga, samo je u hermetički zatvorenom akumulatoru moguće osigurati automatsko niveliranje elektrolita u ćelijama pomoću nekog od poznatih sredstava. It is known that in the construction of the battery, the cover of each element, battery cell should meet two basic requirements: to ensure full hermeticity in order to avoid possible spillage of the electrolyte from the battery, bearing in mind the extreme corrosiveness of the electrolyte. In addition, only in a hermetically sealed accumulator is it possible to ensure automatic leveling of the electrolyte in the cells using one of the known means.

Drugi zahtjev je da se omogući izduženje ploča pozitivnog pola, koje se neizbježno javlja u toku korištenja akumulatora uslijed poznatih elektrokemijskih pojava. Another requirement is to enable the elongation of the positive pole plates, which inevitably occurs during battery use due to known electrochemical phenomena.

Potreba da se omogući izduženje ploča polova je najviše izražena kod baterija industrijskog tipa. Pošto se sa starenjem javlja izduženje ploča od 1,5 do 2%, jasno je da kod industrijskih baterija, sa ćelijama visine od 100 do oko 650 mm, ta pojava ima izuzetan značaj, pa je potrebno da se omogući da se ploče polova, a naročito pozitivnog pola, izdužuju, jer će se inače poklopac polomiti uslijed promjene dužine polova. The need to allow the extension of the pole plates is most pronounced with industrial type batteries. Since, with aging, an elongation of the plates of 1.5 to 2% occurs, it is clear that in the case of industrial batteries, with cells from 100 to about 650 mm in height, this phenomenon is extremely important, so it is necessary to enable the plates to be bent, and especially the positive pole, lengthen, because otherwise the cover will break due to the change in the length of the poles.

Ovaj drugi zahtjev podstakao je razna rješenja. Tako se, npr., jedno rješenje sastoji u tome, da se jedna zona kroz poklopac i kutiju akumulatora zalije plastičnom masom koja će osigurati izvjesnu, makar i ograničenu elastičnost veze između poklopca i kutije akumulatora. This second requirement has prompted various solutions. So, for example, one solution consists in filling one zone through the cover and the battery box with a plastic mass that will ensure a certain, albeit limited, elasticity of the connection between the cover and the battery box.

Ovo se rješenje najviše koristi kod automobilskih akumulatora, dok se za akumulatore industrijskog tipa, koji se koriste za električnu vuču i imaju znatnu visinu, ovo rješenje ne može primijeniti. This solution is mostly used for automotive batteries, while for industrial type batteries, which are used for electric traction and have a considerable height, this solution cannot be applied.

Drugo rješenje koje se javlja na tržištu sastoji se u tome, da se na poklopcu i u zoni oko polova načini niz koncentričnih prstenova, koji povećavaju površinu poklopca i čine ga deformabilnim u spomenutoj zoni. Another solution that appears on the market consists in making a series of concentric rings on the cover and in the zone around the poles, which increase the surface of the cover and make it deformable in the mentioned zone.

U izdanju PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN /Patentni izvodi iz Japana/, vol.4, No.104 /E-19/586 od 25. srpnja 1980., naveden je patent No. 55-62657 A kod kojega je, radi sprječavanja napona u vezi između poklopca i pola baterije predviđen prijelaz, ili stuba, čija je debljina relativno mala u usporedbi s ostalom debljinom poklopca. Ovakve stube se razvijaju u različitim oblicima oko pola. In the publication PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol.4, No.104 /E-19/586 of July 25, 1980, patent No. 55-62657 A in which, in order to prevent voltage in the connection between the cover and half of the battery, a transition, or pillar, is provided, the thickness of which is relatively small compared to the rest of the cover thickness. These stairs develop in different forms around the pole.

Ako smanjenje debljine u zonama koje su izložene većim naprezanjima omogućuju da se jedno područje poklopca pomiče, kako bi se pratilo izduženje, izdužavanje pola, s druge to dovodi do stvaranja veoma slabih zona koje se vrlo lako probijaju. If the reduction of thickness in the zones exposed to higher stresses allows one area of the cover to move, to follow the elongation, the elongation of the pole, on the other hand it leads to the creation of very weak zones that are very easy to break through.

Opis rješenja tehničkog problema sa primjerima izvođenja i sa popisom i kratkim opisom slika nacrta Description of the solution to the technical problem with implementation examples and with a list and brief description of the drawings

Cilj je prikazanog izuma da se ostvari poklopac za akumulatore, načinjen od plastičnog materijala, s elastičnom i deformabilnom površinom, koja može bez oštećenja pratiti potiskivanje izazvano izduženjem pola. The aim of the presented invention is to create a cover for batteries, made of plastic material, with an elastic and deformable surface, which can follow the pressure caused by the extension of the pole without damage.

Drugi je cilj da se ostvari poklopac sa otvorom za nadopunjavanje koji pomaže spriječiti prolijevanje elektrolita za vrijeme nadopunjavanja i koji istovremeno ima funkciju brtve za poklopac, ili čep, kojim se zatvara otvor za nadopunjavanje. Another goal is to provide a cap with a top-up hole that helps prevent electrolyte spillage during top-up and that simultaneously functions as a lid seal, or cap, that closes the top-up hole.

Na osnovu ovoga, ovim je izumom ostvaren poklopac načinjen od plastične mase, kod kojega su deformabilnost i elastičnost ostvareni konkavnim oblikom površine poklopca, koji ima, uglavnom, konstantnu debljinu. Based on this, this invention has created a cover made of plastic mass, where deformability and elasticity are achieved by the concave shape of the cover surface, which has, for the most part, a constant thickness.

Prema tome, profil poklopca je povijen od rubova prema sredini gdje se nalaze polovi i otvor za dolijevanje elektrolita, i povezan je sa spomenutim polovima i otvorom za dolijevanje. Therefore, the profile of the cover is bent from the edges towards the center where the poles and opening for filling the electrolyte are located, and is connected to the said poles and the opening for filling.

Izumom je također predviđen prsten koničnog poprečnog presjeka oko otvora za dolijevanje, kojim se smanjuje prskanje elektrolita u tijeku dolijevanja, i koji funkcionira kao zaptivka za poklopac ili zatvarač. Prema jednoj varijanti konstrukcije, spomenuti prsten ima konični dio, čiji je nagib usmjeren nagore. Prema jednoj varijanti konstrukcije, presjek prstena se sužava prema dolje i ima nekoliko stuba koje ga čine lakšim. The invention also provides for a ring of conical cross-section around the filling opening, which reduces splashing of the electrolyte during filling, and which functions as a seal for the lid or closure. According to one variant of the construction, said ring has a conical part, the inclination of which is directed upwards. According to one variant of the construction, the cross-section of the ring tapers downwards and has several pillars that make it lighter.

Ovim krajnje jednostavnim ali i izuzetno funkcionalnim rješenjem ostvaren je cilj da elastična naprezanja koja se javljaju uslijed potiska od strane pola, budu ravnomjerno raspoređena po cijeloj površini poklopca, umjesto na ograničene zone, što je slučaj s drugim rješenjima. Na taj način je mogućnost probijanja poklopca, stvarno izazvana različitim veličinama zatezanja na površini, otklonjena ili, u svakom slučaju, drastično smanjena. With this extremely simple but also extremely functional solution, the goal was achieved that the elastic stresses that occur due to the push from the pole are evenly distributed over the entire surface of the lid, instead of limited zones, which is the case with other solutions. In this way, the possibility of breaking through the cover, actually caused by different amounts of tension on the surface, is eliminated or, in any case, drastically reduced.

Druga prednost rješenja prihvaćenog u prikazanom izumu je to, što zbog svog specijalnog konveksnog oblika poklopac prikuplja na svojoj površini eventualno prosut elektrolit iz središnjeg zatvarača prilikom dolijevanja destilirane vode. Operacija uklanjanja i čišćenja prosute tekućine je, ako do toga dođe, pojednostavljena, a tekućini je pri tome omogućeno da iscuri iz akumulatora i taloži se između akumulatora i na dnu kućišta za akumulatorsku bateriju, koja je, mada je načinjena od plastificiranog željeza, osjetljiva na koroziju i može korodirati bar djelomično. Another advantage of the solution adopted in the presented invention is that, due to its special convex shape, the cap collects on its surface any electrolyte spilled from the central cap when adding distilled water. The operation of removing and cleaning spilled liquid, if it occurs, is simplified, and the liquid is allowed to flow out of the battery and settle between the batteries and at the bottom of the battery housing, which, although made of plasticized iron, is sensitive to corrosion and can corrode at least partially.

Ova i druge prednosti bit će jasnije kada se opiše jedan preporučljivi oblik izvođenja prikazanog izuma, koji je dat samo kao primjer, bez ograničavanja njegovog opsega, a s pozivom na priložene crteže, gdje: These and other advantages will be clearer when one recommended embodiment of the presented invention is described, which is given only as an example, without limiting its scope, and with reference to the attached drawings, where:

- slika 1 prikazuje horizontalnu projekciju poklopca koji je predmet prikazanog izuma; - figure 1 shows a horizontal projection of the cover which is the subject of the presented invention;

- slika 2 prikazuje uzdužni presjek poklopca duž linije A-A na slici 1; - figure 2 shows the longitudinal section of the cover along the line A-A in figure 1;

- slika 3 prikazuje poprečni presjek poklopca duž linije B-B na slici 1; - figure 3 shows the cross-section of the cover along the line B-B in figure 1;

- slike 4 i 5 prikazuju, u uvećanom razmjeru, izgled ruba otvora u poklopcu, a u vezi s konstrukcijom prstena oko otvora za nadopunjavanje. - pictures 4 and 5 show, on an enlarged scale, the appearance of the edge of the opening in the lid, and in connection with the construction of the ring around the top-up opening.

Prema slici 2, poprečni presjek poklopca 1 ima uglavnom konkavni profil, koji se ravnomjerno povija praktično ravnomjerno od ruba poklopca do središnjeg dijela, gdje se nalaze polovi 2 i 3 i otvor za punjenje i dolijevanje elektrolita. According to Figure 2, the cross-section of the cover 1 has a mostly concave profile, which bends evenly practically evenly from the edge of the cover to the central part, where the poles 2 and 3 and the hole for charging and topping up the electrolyte are located.

Naravno da je profil poklopca povezan za čahure 2 i 3 polova /vidjeti sliku 2/ i za profil otvora 4 za dolijevanje elektrolita. Poprečni presjek B-B prikazan na slici 3, ukazuje da je profil poklopca 1 konkavan i u poprečnom pravcu, pored toga što je konkavan i u uzdužnom. Ovako oblikovana površina je elastična i omogućuje prihvaćanje sile tlaka, koja se javlja uslijed širenja pozitivnog pola, ili polova uopće, pošto omogućuje podizanje poklopca. Konkavni poklopac će težiti da dobije ravan oblik ili, u krajnjem slučaju, ispupčen, konveksni. Of course, the profile of the cover is connected to the sleeves 2 and 3 of the poles /see picture 2/ and to the profile of the opening 4 for adding electrolyte. The cross-section B-B shown in Figure 3 indicates that the profile of the cover 1 is concave in the transverse direction as well as being concave in the longitudinal direction. The surface shaped in this way is elastic and enables the acceptance of the pressure force, which occurs due to the expansion of the positive pole, or poles in general, since it enables the lid to be lifted. A concave lid will tend to get a flat shape or, in the extreme case, a bulging, convex one.

Uobičajena tehnika u ovoj oblasti tehnike je da se čahure 2 i 3 polova uliju u plastičnu masu pri lijevanju poklopca. Poklopac se zatim autogeno zavari za kutiju akumulatora duž cijelog ruba, kako bi se osiguralo potpuno brtvljenje. A common technique in this field of technology is to cast the 2- and 3-pole bushings into the plastic mass when casting the cover. The cover is then autogenously welded to the battery box along the entire edge to ensure a complete seal.

Polovi koji su prethodno umetnuti u otvore čahure 2 i 3 se leme za čahure, nakon što je već završeno autogeno zavarivanje poklopca na kutiju. Time je osigurana kruta veza između poklopca akumulatora i polova, ali će, kako je već ukazano, čak i kod krutog spoja biti osigurano širenje pola, pošto će se poklopac uslijed svoje konstrukcije moći podizati. The poles previously inserted into the openings of the bushings 2 and 3 are soldered to the bushings, after autogenous welding of the cover to the box has already been completed. This ensures a rigid connection between the battery cover and the poles, but, as already indicated, even with a rigid connection, pole expansion will be ensured, since the cover will be able to be lifted due to its construction.

Kod poklopca prema izumu, kružni prsten specijalnog poprečnog presjeka i koncentričan s otvorom za ulijevanje elektrolita ostvaren je neposredno lijevanjem. Ovaj se prsten pruža van površine otvora, tako da vrši dvije funkcije: prvo – funkciju stvaranja prepreke, koja će spriječiti manja prolijevanja do kojih može doći zbog nalijevanja prevelike količine elektrolita za vrijeme lijevanja. Ovo je važno svojstvo, pogotovo stoga što ovakva mala prolijevanja mogu izazvati jedan kanal za električno pražnjenje između pozitivnog i negativnog pola akumulatora. In the cover according to the invention, a circular ring of a special cross-section and concentric with the hole for pouring the electrolyte was realized directly by casting. This ring extends outside the surface of the opening, so it performs two functions: first - the function of creating an obstacle, which will prevent minor spills that may occur due to the pouring of an excessive amount of electrolyte during casting. This is an important property, especially since such small spills can cause a single channel for electrical discharge between the positive and negative poles of the battery.

Druga funkcija je isto toliko važna, a sastoji se u tome što ovaj prsten djeluje kao brtva za zatvarač, pošto je okrugao, deformabilan, tako da se dobije perfektna brtva, kad se poklopac ili zatvarač stegne, zategne. The second function is just as important, and it consists in the fact that this ring acts as a seal for the shutter, since it is round, deformable, so that a perfect seal is obtained when the lid or shutter is clamped, tightened.

Na slikama 4 i 5 prikazana su dva moguća rješenja profila ovog prstena za zadržavanje elektrolita. Na slici 4 detalj 5 prikazuje poprečni presjek prstena, kojeg je suženi dio okrenut prema gore, a pruža se od površine 6 otvora 4 za dolijevanje elektrolita. Figures 4 and 5 show two possible solutions for the profile of this electrolyte retaining ring. In Figure 4, detail 5 shows a cross-section of the ring, the narrowed part of which is facing upwards, extending from the surface 6 of the opening 4 for adding electrolyte.

Ovo omogućuje postavljanje prepreke eventualnom manjem prolijevanju elektrolita kad se akumulator dopunjuje. Osim toga, zbog svoje male debljine, prsten 5 se deformira pod djelovanjem poklopca što zatvara otvor 4, koji se u zatvorenom položaju centrira u koničnom dijelu 7 otvora 4, čime se ostvaruje potpuno brtvljenje kako se zahtijeva. Ovim otpada potreba stavljanja brtve uz poklopac, tako da je ovo rješenje, pored navedenog, i dosta ekonomično. This makes it possible to prevent possible minor spillage of electrolyte when the battery is being recharged. In addition, due to its small thickness, the ring 5 is deformed under the action of the cover which closes the opening 4, which in the closed position is centered in the conical part 7 of the opening 4, thereby achieving a complete seal as required. This eliminates the need to put a seal next to the cover, so this solution, in addition to the above, is also quite economical.

Na slici 5 prikazano je alternativno rješenje u odnosu na ono prikazano na slici 4, kod kojeg kružni prsten 8 ima suženi dio okrenut prema dolje. Profil je male debljine i sadrži stube 9, koje ga čine lakšim i daju mu veći stupanj elastičnosti i savitljivosti. Figure 5 shows an alternative solution compared to the one shown in Figure 4, in which the circular ring 8 has a narrowed part facing downwards. The profile is thin and contains steps 9, which make it lighter and give it a greater degree of elasticity and flexibility.

Kod mogućeg izvođenja poklopca prema izumu, kao materijal poklopca se koristi kopolimer polipropilenskog ili polietilenskog tipa. Plastična masa se lijeva u specijalnim tlačnim prešama. Prosječna debljina zida poklopca je oko 1,5 mm, dok debljina ruba može dostići 4 mm zbog zavarivanja na kutiju akumulatora. In a possible embodiment of the cover according to the invention, a copolymer of polypropylene or polyethylene type is used as the material of the cover. The plastic mass is cast in special pressure presses. The average thickness of the cover wall is about 1.5 mm, while the edge thickness can reach 4 mm due to welding to the battery box.

Kod konkavne površine razlika nivoa između ruba i najniže točke površine je oko 7,5 mm. To omogućuje podizanje polova od 9 do 10 mm, bez izazivanja pukotina u poklopcu kroz koje bi mogao istjecati elektrolit. With a concave surface, the level difference between the edge and the lowest point of the surface is about 7.5 mm. This allows the poles to be lifted from 9 to 10 mm, without causing cracks in the cover through which the electrolyte could leak.

Brtveni prsten na slici 4 debljine je oko 0,5 mm, promjera oko 42 mm. Debljina brtvenog prstena na slici 5, označenog s 8 m iznosi ?? mm, a na mjestima stubova je oko 0,5 mm. The sealing ring in picture 4 is about 0.5 mm thick and about 42 mm in diameter. The thickness of the sealing ring in Figure 5, marked with 8 m, is ?? mm, and in places of pillars it is about 0.5 mm.

Debljina zidova poklopca ostaje konstantna, mada se veličina poklopca može mijenjati, od npr. 196x63 mm, 197x118 i 197x 181 mm. The thickness of the cover walls remains constant, although the size of the cover can be changed, from eg 196x63 mm, 197x118 and 197x181 mm.

Claims (3)

1. Poklopac za olovne akumulatore, načinjen od termoplastične mase prešanjem u toplom stanju, naznačen time, što je konkavni profil poklopca /1/ vezan za nosače čahura /2,3/ polova i za središnji otvor /4/ za ulijevanje elektroda, pri čemu su čahure /2,3/ polova pričvršćene ulijevanjem u poklopac /1/.1. A cover for lead-acid batteries, made of thermoplastic mass by pressing in a hot state, characterized by the fact that the concave profile of the cover /1/ is connected to the supports of the bushings /2,3/ of the poles and to the central opening /4/ for pouring the electrodes, whereby are the bushings /2,3/ of the poles attached by pouring into the cover /1/. 2. Poklopac za olovne akumulatore prema zahtjevu 1 i varijanti I, naznačen time, što je prsten /5/ postavljen iznad ravni /6/ otvora /4/ za nalijevanje elektrolita koncentrično s konusnim dijelom /7/ otvora /4/ u poklopcu /1/.2. Cover for lead accumulators according to claim 1 and variant I, characterized by the fact that the ring /5/ is placed above the plane /6/ of the opening /4/ for pouring the electrolyte concentrically with the conical part /7/ of the opening /4/ in the cover /1 /. 3. Poklopac za olovne akumulatore prema zahtjevu 2 i varijanti II, naznačen time, što je prema unutra nagnut profilirani prsten /8/ postavljen koncentrično s otvorom /4/ u poklopcu /1/.3. Cover for lead accumulators according to claim 2 and variant II, indicated by the fact that the inwardly inclined profiled ring /8/ is placed concentrically with the opening /4/ in the cover /1/.
HRP-1870/84A 1981-12-21 1993-05-07 A lid for lead accumulators HRP930867A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT85653/81A IT1168598B (en) 1981-12-21 1981-12-21 COVER FOR LEAD ACCUMULATORS WITH DEFORMABLE ELASTIC SURFACE AND WITH RING FOR LOSS OF ELECTROLYTE
IT85548/82A IT1193077B (en) 1982-04-08 1982-04-08 Blow moulded battery casing and lid
YU187084A YU45673B (en) 1981-12-21 1984-11-06 LEAD BATTERY COVER

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
HRP930867A2 true HRP930867A2 (en) 1998-02-28

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HRP-1870/84A HRP930867A2 (en) 1981-12-21 1993-05-07 A lid for lead accumulators

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HR (1) HRP930867A2 (en)

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