HRP20120427A2 - Floating platform made of artificial ice - Google Patents
Floating platform made of artificial ice Download PDFInfo
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- HRP20120427A2 HRP20120427A2 HRP20120427AA HRP20120427A HRP20120427A2 HR P20120427 A2 HRP20120427 A2 HR P20120427A2 HR P20120427A A HRP20120427A A HR P20120427AA HR P20120427 A HRP20120427 A HR P20120427A HR P20120427 A2 HRP20120427 A2 HR P20120427A2
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002937 thermal insulation foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C1/00—Producing ice
- F25C1/08—Producing ice by immersing freezing chambers, cylindrical bodies or plates into water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Plutajuća platforma od umjetnog leda, kao pojedinačni ledeni plutajući objekti, dobiva se umjetnim zamrzavanjem vode čestice raznih oblika, veličina i sastava, a zamrzavanje se provodi u prostoru (2.2) unutar oplošja (3.2), željenog oblika geometrijskog tijela, sa odgovarajućim brojem bočnih stranica i dnom, izrađenima od prikladnog materijala, uključivo nehrđajući čelik u obliku lima. Oplošje (3.2), sastoji se iz jednog ili više slojeva, tako da je na unutarnjem sloju oplošja nanesen termo izolirajući materijal (3.3), koji služi kao toplinski izolator između prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2) i okolnog prostora, a može biti izrađen od prikladnog materijala uključivo i termo izolacijsku pjenu. U unutrašnjosti prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2), smješteni su sustavi potrebni za realizaciju umjetnog zamrzavanja vode, a okosnicu umjetnog zamrzavanja vode čini rashladni sustav, koji se sastoji od postrojenja za hlađenje (5.1) s rashladnim jedinicama za hlađenje rashladnog medija za zaleđivanje vode i održavanje leda, cjevovoda (5.2), sa snopovima (6.1) cijevi kojima se rashladni medij na prikladan način distribuira unutar prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2). Uz cjevovod (5.2), sa snopovima (6.1) cijevi u unutrašnjosti prostora (2.2) postavljen je sustav senzora (7.1) za mjerenje temperature leda koji su distribuirani unutar prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2), povezani su pripadajućim električnim vezama sa kontrolno-upravljačkim centrom (4.1) s računalnim sustavom za nadzor odvijanja svih procesa, ponajprije u stvaranju i održavanju leda. Pojedinačne plutajuće platforme od umjetnog leda mogu se spajati s jednom ili više istih takvih ledenih platformi te zajedno mogu činiti formacije poput umjetnih plutajućih otoka, vrlo dugačkih mostova, aerodroma, brodskih pristaništa uključivo i ona na pučini mora potpuno udaljena od obale, a na površini tih platformi moguće je uspostavljanje svih oblika i sadržaja djelatnosti i aktivnosti kakve su poznate i postoje na sArtificial ice floating platforms, as individual ice floating objects, are obtained by artificially freezing water of particles of various shapes, sizes and compositions, and freezing is carried out in the space (2.2) within the shell (3.2), of the desired geometric body shape, with an appropriate number of lateral sides and the bottom, made of a suitable material, including sheet steel. The shell (3.2) consists of one or more layers, so that a thermal insulating material (3.3) is applied to the inner layer of the shell, which serves as a thermal insulator between the space (2.2) bounded by the shell (3.2) and the surrounding space, and can be made of suitable material including thermal insulation foam. Inside the space (2.2) bounded by the enclosure (3.2), there are systems necessary for the implementation of artificial freezing of water, and the backbone of artificial freezing of water consists of a cooling system, consisting of a cooling plant (5.1) with cooling units for cooling the refrigerating medium for freezing water and ice maintenance, pipeline (5.2), with bundles (6.1) of pipes for which the cooling medium is suitably distributed within the space (2.2) bounded by the enclosure (3.2). Along the pipeline (5.2), a sensor system (7.1) is installed with the bundles (6.1) of the tubes inside the space (2.2) to measure the temperature of the ice, which are distributed inside the space (2.2) bounded by the enclosure (3.2), and are connected by associated electrical connections to the control - a control center (4.1) with a computer system for monitoring the progress of all processes, primarily in the creation and maintenance of ice. Individual artificial ice floating platforms may be coupled to one or more of the same ice platforms and together may form formations such as artificial floating islands, very long bridges, airports, docks, including offshore completely offshore, and on the surface of these platforms can establish all forms and content of activities and activities as they are known and exist on the s
Description
Područje na koje se izum odnosi The field to which the invention relates
Ovaj se izum odnosi na plutajuću platformu od umjetno proizvedenog leda čiji je glavni sastojak umjetno zaleđena voda, dakle led, čije površine ispod kao i iznad razine vode mogu biti po želji kako u pogledu dimenzija tako i oblika. Područje tehnike na koje se predmetni izum odnosi, označeno je po Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji patenata sa F25C. This invention relates to a floating platform made of artificially produced ice whose main ingredient is artificially frozen water, i.e. ice, whose surfaces below and above the water level can be as desired both in terms of dimensions and shape. The field of technology to which the subject invention relates is designated by the International Classification of Patents with F25C.
Tehnički problem Technical problem
Tehnički problem koji se rješava predmetnim izumom predstavlja kreiranje plutajućih platformi od leda koji je dobiven postupkom umjetnog zamrzavanja vode pri čemu voda može biti jedini, ili glavni ili pretežan sastojak u mješavinama s aditivima i mineralima, čemu se mogu dodavati i krute tvorbe proizvoljnih dimenzija, oblika i materijala, uključivo i dijelove leda željenih dimenzija i oblika koji su prethodno zamrznuti bez obzira da li postupkom umjetnog zamrzavanja vode ili samostalnim smrzavanjem vode u prirodi. The technical problem that is solved by the subject invention is the creation of floating platforms from ice obtained by the process of artificial freezing of water, where water can be the only, or the main or predominant ingredient in mixtures with additives and minerals, to which solid formations of arbitrary dimensions and shapes can be added. and materials, including pieces of ice of the desired dimensions and shapes that have been previously frozen, regardless of whether the process of artificial freezing of water or independent freezing of water in nature.
Na platformama izvedenim na ovaj način i korištenim za plutajuće nosače na bilo kojim vrstama voda, pri čemu površine platformi ispod kao i iznad razine vode mogu biti po želji kako u pogledu dimenzija tako i oblika, moguće je uspostavljanje bilo kojih djelatnosti i aktivnosti kakve su poznate i postoje na suhozemnim podlogama. On platforms constructed in this way and used for floating carriers on any type of water, where the surfaces of the platforms below and above the water level can be as desired both in terms of dimensions and shape, it is possible to establish any activities and activities as known and exist on terrestrial substrates.
Stanje tehnike State of the art
Čovječanstvo oduvijek teži iskorištavanju ogromnih vodenih prostranstava koja pokrivaju oko 71 % površine Zemlje. S obzirom da čovjekovo prirodno stanište nije voda nego suhozemni prostori, ljudi su oduvijek težili izrađivanju raznih plovila ponajprije s namjerom da bi njihovim korištenjem uspjeli iz svojega staništa vodenim putom dosegnuti željeno odredište na kopnu ili vodi. Humanity has always strived to exploit the vast expanses of water that cover about 71% of the Earth's surface. Given that man's natural habitat is not water, but land, people have always strived to build various vessels primarily with the intention of using them to reach their desired destination on land or water.
S druge strane kako bi iskoristili barem djelić tog vodenog prostranstva ljudi su izrađivali i plutajuće platforme koje su najprije bile izrađivane od međusobno povezanih drvenih trupaca. Stvaranjem novih umjetnih materijala te razvojem tehnike i tehnologije, mogućnost izrade sve većih plutajućih platformi iz različitih materijala dovela je do ostvarenja plutajućih platformi iz tih materijala za razne namjene koje je u današnje vrijeme moguće vidjeti na raznim oceanima, morima, jezerima i rijekama. Materijali koji se najčešće koriste za izradu tih plutajućih platformi su čelici, aluminij i aluminijske legure, polimeri, beton, drvo te kombinacija ovih i ostalih poznatih klasičnih i kompozitnih materijala. On the other hand, in order to use at least a part of that water expanse, people also made floating platforms that were first made of interconnected wooden logs. Through the creation of new artificial materials and the development of technique and technology, the possibility of making increasingly large floating platforms from different materials has led to the realization of floating platforms from these materials for various purposes that can be seen today on various oceans, seas, lakes and rivers. The materials most often used to make these floating platforms are steel, aluminum and aluminum alloys, polymers, concrete, wood, and a combination of these and other known classic and composite materials.
Tako izrađivane plutajuće platforme nisu dostizale velike dimenzije, a korištene su u samo određene svrhe ograničenih razmjera. The floating platforms made in this way did not reach large dimensions, and were used only for specific purposes of a limited scale.
Poznato stanje tehnike obuhvaća predstavljanje ideje prema kojoj bi se plutajuće ledene platforme formirale od segmenata izrezanih iz prirodno stvorenih ledenih polja u prostranstvima Arktika i Antarktika koje je potom potrebno dotegliti do lokacija na kojima ih se namjerava koristiti (Alexander Bolonkin: FLOATING CITIES, ISLANDS AND STATES). The known state of the art includes the presentation of the idea according to which floating ice platforms would be formed from segments cut from naturally created ice fields in the expanses of the Arctic and Antarctic, which then need to be dragged to the locations where they are intended to be used (Alexander Bolonkin: FLOATING CITIES, ISLANDS AND STATES ).
Međutim, nije poznato da trenutno stanje tehnike ili ostvareno rješenje bilo gdje u svijetu koje obuhvaća umjetno proizvedene plutajuće platforme kojima je glavni građevni materijal led proizveden djelom ili u potpunosti umjetnim zamrzavanjem vode te koje bi kao takve bile potpuno samoodržive korištenjem ugrađenih sustava za održavanje leda što bi ih činilo upotrebljivima na svim vodenim površinama svijeta. However, it is not known that the current state of the art or a realized solution anywhere in the world that includes artificially produced floating platforms whose main construction material is ice produced partly or entirely by artificial freezing of water and which as such would be completely self-sustaining using built-in ice maintenance systems which would make them usable on all water surfaces of the world.
Usporedba sa uobičajenim građevnim materijalima ukazuje da led kao materijal ima iznenađujuće dobre mehaničke karakteristike, što se može zaključiti iz slijedećih podataka: A comparison with common building materials indicates that ice as a material has surprisingly good mechanical characteristics, which can be concluded from the following data:
- gustoća leda je ~917 kg/m3 u odnosu na vodu koja je prosječno oko ~1.000 kg/m3, te zahvaljujući ovoj razlici gustoća led ima nosivost i osigurava istisninu dok pliva na tekućoj vodi; - the density of ice is ~917 kg/m3 compared to water, which is on average about ~1,000 kg/m3, and thanks to this difference in density, ice has a load capacity and provides displacement while swimming on flowing water;
- velika latentna toplina vode omogućuje da u slučaju kvara sustava za održavanje leda neće brzo doći do njegovog odleđivanja; - the high latent heat of water ensures that in the event of a failure of the ice maintenance system, it will not thaw quickly;
- led na velikim površinama i presjecima ima veoma visoku čvrstoću, kao i tvrdoću pri niskim temperaturama, te u kombinaciji armiranja sa ostalim materijalima ima ogromne mehaničke sposobnosti te amortizirajuća svojstva zbog čega kod sudara dvaju objekata ne može doći do katastrofa većih razmjera, kao npr. s običnim čeličnim ili drvenim brodovima; - ice on large surfaces and cross-sections has very high strength, as well as hardness at low temperatures, and when combined with reinforcement with other materials, it has enormous mechanical capabilities and shock-absorbing properties, due to which large-scale disasters cannot occur in the event of a collision between two objects, such as e.g. with ordinary steel or wooden ships;
- prijevoz na ledenom pontonu kao plovećem objektu nije toliko isplativ jer je ipak potrošnja energije zbog velike težine ledenog pontona veća, ali kod velikih dimenzija tereta i manjih brzina isplativost je čak i veoma izražena. - transport on an ice pontoon as a floating object is not so profitable because the energy consumption is higher due to the heavy weight of the ice pontoon, but with large cargo dimensions and lower speeds, the profitability is even very pronounced.
S druge strane, uz poznate podatke o gustoći vode ~1.000 kg/m3, morske vode ~1.025 kg/m3, specifičnoj toplini vode -4.190 J/(kg*K) te gustoći leda ~917 kg/m3, specifičnoj toplini leda ~2090 J/(kg*K) i specifičnoj toplini taljenja leda -330.000 J/kg proistječe da je primjerice za plutajuću ledenu platformu dimenzija 100x200x8 metara koja sadrži termoizolacijski sloj debljine 0,7 metara i ima nosivost od ~40.000 tona te kojoj je potrebno smanjiti temperaturu vode za 20 °C i zalediti je na -15 °C u roku od 20 dana sa konstantnih ~40 MW toplinske energije rashlađivanja, tj oko 19.000 MWh, koja preko toplinskih pumpi i ostalih sustava rashlađivanja vode putem tlaka, izmjenjivača i sličnih tehnologija sa učinkovitošću omjera el. energije u odnosu na rashladnu energiju min. 1:3 daju potrošnju od ~6.000 MWh električne energije za jednu plutajuću ledenu platformu stoje iznimno mali trošak. On the other hand, with the known data on the density of water ~1,000 kg/m3, sea water ~1,025 kg/m3, the specific heat of water -4,190 J/(kg*K) and the density of ice ~917 kg/m3, the specific heat of ice ~2,090 J/(kg*K) and the specific heat of ice melting -330,000 J/kg, it follows that, for example, for a floating ice platform with dimensions of 100x200x8 meters, which contains a thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 0.7 meters and has a load capacity of ~40,000 tons, and which needs to reduce the temperature water by 20 °C and freeze it to -15 °C within 20 days with a constant ~40 MW cooling thermal energy, i.e. about 19,000 MWh, which through heat pumps and other water cooling systems through pressure, exchangers and similar technologies with efficiency ratio of electricity of energy in relation to cooling energy min. 1:3 provide a consumption of ~6,000 MWh of electricity for one floating ice platform at an extremely low cost.
Nadalje, ako za istu plutajuću ledenu platformu postavimo neki izolirajući materijal kao što je pur-pen pjena debljine 70 centimetara oplošen nekim čvrstim materijalom kao što je nehrđajući čelični lim debljine oko 1mm čiji su koeficijenti prolaza topline A pur-pen pjene = 0,04 W/(m*K) i A nehrđajućeg čelika = 45 W/(m*K) te ako uzmemo da površina oplošja plutajuće ledene platforme koja je u dodiru s vodom koja je razlike temperature od 20 °C u odnosu na temperaturu površine leda iznosi 24.000 m2, a površina u dodiru sa zrakom koja je razlike temperature od 20 °C u odnosu na temperaturu površine leda iznosi 20.000 m2 tada je za održavanje leda potrebno konstantnih ~50kW energije rashlađivanja, te analogno s prethodnim stavkom konstantnih svega ~17kW električne energije. Što u navedenom primjeru znači godišnju potrošnju od oko 7,4 kWh/m2 nosive površine, ili svega 3,7 kWh/ nosivoj toni plutajuće ledene platforme. Navedeno je veoma mali trošak, a uz to toplina dobivena na toplinskim pumpama može se koristiti za zagrijavanje objekata na samoj platformi. Kao i dodanim povećanjem efikasnosti toplinskih pumpi, toplinske izolacije i taj trošak se može dodatno smanjiti. Furthermore, if for the same floating ice platform we place some insulating material such as pur-pen foam with a thickness of 70 centimeters covered with some solid material such as a stainless steel sheet with a thickness of about 1 mm whose heat transfer coefficients A of the pur-pen foam = 0.04 W /(m*K) and A of stainless steel = 45 W/(m*K) and if we consider that the surface area of the floating ice platform that is in contact with water, which has a temperature difference of 20 °C compared to the temperature of the ice surface, is 24,000 m2, and the surface in contact with the air, which has a temperature difference of 20 °C compared to the temperature of the ice surface, is 20,000 m2, then a constant ~50kW of cooling energy is needed to maintain the ice, and analogously to the previous item only ~17kW of constant electricity. Which in the given example means an annual consumption of about 7.4 kWh/m2 of load-bearing surface, or only 3.7 kWh/load-bearing ton of the floating ice platform. The stated cost is very low, and in addition, the heat obtained from the heat pumps can be used to heat the buildings on the platform itself. As well as by increasing the efficiency of heat pumps and thermal insulation, this cost can also be further reduced.
Izlaganje suštine izuma Presentation of the essence of the invention
Suština rješenja naznačenog tehničkog problema sastoji se u kreiranju pojedinačnih plutajućih platformi od leda (1.1) koji je dobiven umjetnim zamrzavanjem vode, pri čemu voda može biti jedini, ili glavni ili pretežan sastojak u njenim mješavinama s aditivima i mineralima, čemu se mogu dodavati i krute tvorbe proizvoljnih dimenzija, oblika i materijala, uključivo i dijelove leda željenih dimenzija i oblika koji su prethodno zamrznuti bez obzira da li je zamrzavanje postignuto umjetnim zamrzavanjem vode ili samostalnim smrzavanjem vode u prirodi, na koji način se tvore kruti segmenti platforme. The essence of the solution to the indicated technical problem consists in the creation of individual floating platforms from ice (1.1) obtained by artificial freezing of water, whereby water can be the only, or the main or predominant ingredient in its mixtures with additives and minerals, to which solids can also be added formations of arbitrary dimensions, shapes and materials, including pieces of ice of the desired dimensions and shapes that have been previously frozen, regardless of whether the freezing was achieved by artificial freezing of water or independent freezing of water in nature, how rigid segments of the platform are formed.
Vanjski oblici oplošja (3.2) kojima je omeđen unutarnji prostor platforme definirani su željenim geometrijskim tijelima ili njihovim kombinacijama te unutarnja struktura volumena s pripadajućim sveukupnim dimenzijama kao i eventualno postojanje te raspored šupljina ispunjenih zrakom pojedinačnih plutajućih platformi od leda dobivenih na naprijed opisani način, nemaju posebnih ograničenje a u korelaciji su isključivo s namjenom i namjeravanim korištenjem tih platformi što je definirano projektom svake od pojedinačnih plutajućih platformi od leda. The external forms of the area (3.2) that delimit the internal space of the platform are defined by the desired geometric bodies or their combinations, and the internal structure of the volume with the associated overall dimensions, as well as the possible existence and arrangement of air-filled cavities of individual floating ice platforms obtained in the manner described above, have no special limitation and are correlated exclusively with the purpose and intended use of these platforms, which is defined by the design of each individual floating ice platform.
U prostoru (2.2) unutar oplošja (3.2) pojedinačne plutajuće platforme od leda nalaze se dijelovi ili kompletne instalacije svih sustava potrebnih za tvorbu krutih segmenata platforme kao što su dijelovi ili kompletne instalacije sustava za održavanja zaleđenosti umjetno zamrznute vode, koji se sastoji od cjevovoda (5.2), sa snopovima (6.1) cijevi kojima se rashladni medij iz postrojenja za hlađenje (5.1) transportira unutar prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2), pri čemu se postrojenje za hlađenje (5.1) može nalaziti unutar ili izvan prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2). In the space (2.2) within the enclosure (3.2) of the individual floating ice platform, there are parts or complete installations of all systems necessary for the creation of rigid segments of the platform, such as parts or complete installations of the artificially frozen water ice maintenance system, which consists of pipelines ( 5.2), with bundles (6.1) of pipes with which the cooling medium from the cooling plant (5.1) is transported within the space (2.2) bounded by the enclosure (3.2), whereby the cooling plant (5.1) can be located inside or outside the space (2.2) bounded by the area (3.2).
U prostoru (2.2) unutar oplošja (3.2) mogu se također nalaziti senzori (7.1) za mjerenje temperature leda raspoređeni na takav način da se može na sveobuhvatan i učinkovit način pratiti, nadzirati i upravljati radom rashladnog sustava i to kako unutar cjelokupnog prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2) tako i njegovih pojedinih segmenata, a ovi su senzori (7.1) za mjerenje temperature leda povezani pripadajućim električnim vezama sa kontrolno - upravljačkim centrom (4.1) s računalnim sustavom za nadzor odvijanja svih procesa, ponajprije za održavanju leda, pri čemu se . kontrolno - upravljački centar (4.1) može nalaziti unutar ili izvan prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2). In the space (2.2) within the area (3.2) there can also be sensors (7.1) for measuring the temperature of the ice arranged in such a way that it is possible to comprehensively and efficiently monitor, monitor and manage the operation of the cooling system and how within the entire space (2.2 ) bounded by the area (3.2) as well as its individual segments, and these sensors (7.1) for measuring the temperature of the ice are connected by associated electrical connections to the control and management center (4.1) with a computer system for monitoring the development of all processes, primarily for ice maintenance, at why? the control center (4.1) can be located inside or outside the space (2.2) bounded by the area (3.2).
U tom istom prostoru (2.2) unutar oplošja (3.2) mogu se nalaziti odgovarajući čelični elementi, mreže ili rešetke kojima je svrha povećanje čvrstoće kao i drugih potrebnih svojstava sukladno projektiranim zahtjevima platforme a ujedno mogu poslužiti kao nosači elemenata u unutrašnjosti kao što su snopovi cijevi (6.1), senzori (7.1) te ostalih elemenata kao što su armaturne mreže i slično. In this same space (2.2) inside the shell (3.2) there can be suitable steel elements, nets or gratings whose purpose is to increase strength as well as other necessary properties in accordance with the designed requirements of the platform and at the same time they can serve as carriers of elements in the interior such as pipe bundles (6.1), sensors (7.1) and other elements such as reinforcing mesh and the like.
Na platformama izvedenim na opisani način i korištenim za plutajuće nosače na bilo kojim vrstama voda, površine platformi ispod kao i iznad razine vode mogu biti po želji kako u pogledu dimenzija tako i oblika, moguće je uspostavljanje bilo kojih djelatnosti i aktivnosti kakve su poznate i postoje na suhozemnim podlogama. Gornja ploha (1.4) tih platformi može sadržavati sustave za zaštitu od vjetra i vode nanesene valovima kao i sustave za odvodnju kišnice i vode nanesene valovima. On platforms constructed in the manner described and used for floating carriers on any type of water, the surfaces of the platforms below and above the water level can be as desired both in terms of dimensions and shape, it is possible to establish any activities and activities as are known and exist on dry surfaces. The upper surface (1.4) of these platforms can contain systems for protection against wind and water carried by waves, as well as systems for drainage of rainwater and water carried by waves.
Po potrebi izvedena dostatno debela kruta ploha iznad površine vode može služiti kao podloga na čijoj je površini moguće uspostavljanje svih oblika i sadržaja djelatnosti i aktivnosti kakve su poznate i postoje na suhozemnim podlogama, što uključuje i izvođenje na njima bilo kojih pripadajućih objekata kao što su aerodromi i luke, industrijski kompleksi, zabavni sadržaji te postrojenja, primjerice za proizvodnju električne energije iz prirodnih izvora zatim ploveći pontoni, parkirne površine, nosive teglenice sa i bez vlastitog pogona, i ostalo. If necessary, a sufficiently thick solid surface above the surface of the water can serve as a surface on which it is possible to establish all the forms and contents of activities and activities as are known and exist on land surfaces, which includes the construction of any associated facilities such as airports on them and ports, industrial complexes, entertainment facilities and facilities, for example for the production of electricity from natural sources, then floating pontoons, parking areas, load-bearing barges with and without their own drive, and others.
Pojedinačne plutajuće platforme od leda dobivene postupkom umjetnog zamrzavanja vode na naprijed opisani način moguće je spajati s više istih takvih pojedinačnih plutajućih objekata izrazito velikih dimenzija u cilju formiranja izrazito velikih platformi kao plutajućih nosača na vodama mora, oceana, jezera ili rijeka. Individual floating ice platforms obtained by the process of artificial freezing of water in the manner described above can be combined with several such individual floating objects of extremely large dimensions in order to form extremely large platforms as floating carriers on the waters of seas, oceans, lakes or rivers.
Kratak opis crteža Brief description of the drawing
Slika 1: Ilustrativni prikaz plutajuće platforme od umjetnog leda Figure 1: Illustrative view of a floating artificial ice platform
Pozivna oznaka 1.1: Plutajuća ledena platforma; Call sign 1.1: Floating ice platform;
Pozivna oznaka 1.2: Površina vode; Call sign 1.2: Water surface;
Pozivna oznaka 1.3: Dno ispod vode; Call sign 1.3: Bottom under water;
Pozivna oznaka 1.4: Gornja ploha plutajuće platforme od umjetnog leda; Call sign 1.4: Upper surface of artificial ice floating platform;
Detalj A: Djelomični presjek plutajuće platforme – unutrašnjost Detail A: Partial section of floating platform - interior
Slika 2: Ilustrativni prikaz sustava korištenih za formiranje, održavanje i korištenje plutajućih platformi od umjetnog leda - detalj A Figure 2: Illustrative view of the systems used for the formation, maintenance and use of artificial ice floating platforms - detail A
Pozivna oznaka 2.1: Bočna ploha; Call sign 2.1: Side surface;
Pozivna oznaka 2.2: Prostor unutar oplošja 3.2; Call sign 2.2: Space within area 3.2;
Detalj B: Presjek stranice plutajuće platforme Detail B: Side section of floating platform
Slika 3: Presjek stranice plutajuće platforme od umjetnog leda - detalj B Figure 3: Cross-section of the side of a floating artificial ice platform - detail B
Pozivna oznaka 3.1: Led; Call sign 3.1: Ice;
Pozivna oznaka 3.2: Oplošje s donjim, gornjim i bočnim plohama; Call sign 3.2: Surface with lower, upper and side surfaces;
Pozivna oznaka 3.3: Termo-izolirajući materijal; Call sign 3.3: Thermo-insulating material;
Pozivna oznaka 3.4: Podloga na gornjoj plohi platforme Call sign 3.4: Substrate on the upper surface of the platform
Slika 4: Kontrolna zgrada sa pripadajućim ožičenjima Figure 4: Control building with associated wiring
Pozivna oznaka 4.1: Kontrolno - upravljački centar; Call sign 4.1: Control - management center;
Pozivna oznaka 4.2: Električne veze sustava za hlađenje; Call sign 4.2: Electrical connections of the cooling system;
Pozivna oznaka 4.3: Električne veze sustava senzora; Call sign 4.3: Electrical connections of the sensor system;
Pozivna oznaka 4.4: Električne veze sustava za sidrenje i pozicioniranje Call sign 4.4: Electrical connections of the anchoring and positioning system
Slika 5: Rashladna jedinica sa pripadajućim ožičenjima i cjevovodima Figure 5: Cooling unit with associated wiring and piping
Pozivna oznaka 5.1: Postrojenje za hlađenje s rashladnim jedinicama; Call sign 5.1: Refrigeration plant with refrigeration units;
Pozivna oznaka 5.2: Cjevovodi Call sign 5.2: Pipelines
Slika 6: Jedan od više segmenata rashladnih snopova cijevi sa priključnim cjevovodima Figure 6: One of several segments of cooling tube bundles with connecting pipelines
Pozivna oznaka 6.1: Snopovi cijevi; Call sign 6.1: Pipe bundles;
Pozivna oznaka 6.2: Slog ventila i razdjelnika; Call sign 6.2: Stack of valves and manifolds;
Pozivna oznaka 6.3: Električne veze sustava ventila i razdjelnika Call sign 6.3: Electrical connections of valve and distributor systems
Slika 7: Jedan od više setova sustava senzora topline sa električnim vezama Figure 7: One of several sets of heat sensor systems with electrical connections
Pozivna oznaka 7.1: Senzori Call sign 7.1: Sensors
Slika 8: Jedan od više sustava za sidrenje sa vitlom, sidrenim lancem, sidrenim blokom i plutačom Figure 8: One of several anchoring systems with winch, anchor chain, anchor block and float
Pozivna oznaka 8.1: Vitlo; Call sign 8.1: Winch;
Pozivna oznaka 8.2: Sidreni lanac; Call sign 8.2: Anchor chain;
Pozivna oznaka 8.3: Plutača; Call sign 8.3: Buoy;
Pozivna oznaka 8.4: Sidreni blok Call sign 8.4: Anchor block
Slika 9: Sustav okomitih nosača Figure 9: System of vertical supports
Pozivna oznaka 9.1: Okomiti nosači Call sign 9.1: Vertical supports
Detaljan opis najmanje jednog od načina ostvarivanja izuma A detailed description of at least one way of realizing the invention
Plutajuća platforma od umjetnog leda oblika proizvoljnog geometrijskog tijela ili njihova kombinacija proizvodi se umjetnim zamrzavanjem vode, kao pojedinačni ledeni plutajući objekti, što se ostvaruje umjetnim zamrzavanjem vode bilo kojeg povoljnog kemijskog sastava, koja može sadržavati razna kemijska sredstva kao i čestice raznih oblika, veličina i sastava. A floating platform made of artificial ice in the shape of an arbitrary geometric body or their combination is produced by artificial freezing of water, as individual ice floating objects, which is achieved by artificially freezing water of any favorable chemical composition, which may contain various chemical agents as well as particles of various shapes, sizes and composition.
Umjetno zamrzavanje vode provodi se u prostoru (2.2) unutar oplošja (3.2), željenog oblika geometrijskog tijela, sa odgovarajućim brojem bočnih stranica i dnom, izrađenima od prikladnog materijala, uključivo nehrđajući čelik u obliku lima. Artificial freezing of water is carried out in the space (2.2) inside the enclosure (3.2), the desired shape of the geometric body, with the appropriate number of sides and the bottom, made of a suitable material, including stainless steel in the form of a sheet.
Oplošje (3.2), koje sa svih strana obuhvaća prostor u kojem se provodi umjetno zamrzavanje vode, sastoji se iz jednog ili više slojeva, tako da je na plohe unutarnjeg sloja oplošja nanesen termo-izolirajući materijal (3.3), koji služi kao toplinski izolator između prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2) i okolnog prostora a može biti izrađen od prikladnog materijala uključivo i termo-izolacijsku pjenu. The cover (3.2), which encompasses the space in which the artificial freezing of water is carried out on all sides, consists of one or more layers, so that the surface of the inner layer of the cover is covered with a thermo-insulating material (3.3), which serves as a thermal insulator between of the space (2.2) bounded by the area (3.2) and the surrounding space and can be made of a suitable material, including thermal insulation foam.
U unutrašnjosti prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2), smješteni su svi sustavi potrebni za realizaciju postupka umjetnog zamrzavanja vode u cilju proizvođenja pojedinačnih plutajućih objekata od umjetnog leda, a okosnicu umjetnog zamrzavanja vode čini rashladni sustav, koji se sastoji od postrojenja za hlađenje (5.1) s rashladnim jedinicama za hlađenje rashladnog medija za zaleđivanje vode i održavanje leda, cjevovoda (5.2), sa snopovima (6.1) cijevi kojima se rashladni medij na prikladan način distribuira unutar prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2). In the interior of the space (2.2) bounded by the area (3.2), all the systems necessary for the realization of the process of artificial freezing of water in order to produce individual floating objects from artificial ice are located, and the backbone of the artificial freezing of water is the cooling system, which consists of a cooling plant ( 5.1) with cooling units for cooling the cooling medium for freezing water and maintaining ice, pipelines (5.2), with bundles (6.1) of pipes that distribute the cooling medium in a suitable way within the space (2.2) bounded by the enclosure (3.2).
Uz cjevovod (5.2), sa snopovima (6.1) cijevi u unutrašnjosti prostora (2.2) postavljen je sustav senzora (7.1) tako da su senzori (7.1) za mjerenje temperature leda distribuirani unutar prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2) na takav način da se može na sveobuhvatan i učinkovit način pratiti, nadzirati i upravljati radom rashladnog sustava i to kako unutar cjelokupnog prostora (2.2) omeđenog oplošjem (3.2) tako i njegovih pojedinih segmenata. Ovi su senzori (7.1) za mjerenje temperature leda povezani pripadajućim električnim vezama sa kontrolno-upravljačkim centrom (4.1) s računalnim sustavom za nadzor odvijanja svih procesa, ponajprije u stvaranju i održavanju leda. Along with the pipeline (5.2), with bundles (6.1) of pipes inside the space (2.2), a sensor system (7.1) is placed so that the sensors (7.1) for measuring the ice temperature are distributed inside the space (2.2) bounded by the surface (3.2) in such a way that it is possible to comprehensively and efficiently monitor, supervise and manage the operation of the cooling system both within the entire space (2.2) bounded by the enclosure (3.2) and its individual segments. These sensors (7.1) for measuring the temperature of the ice are connected by electrical connections to the control and management center (4.1) with a computer system for monitoring the development of all processes, primarily in the creation and maintenance of ice.
Plutajuća platforma od umjetnog leda može se spajati s jednom ili više istih takvih ledenih platformi te zajedno mogu činiti formacije poput plutajućih otoka od umjetnog leda, vrlo dugačkih mostova, aerodroma, brodskih pristaništa uključivo i ona na pučini mora potpuno udaljena od obale, a kao platforme izrazito velikih dimenzija kao plutajući nosači na vodama mora, oceana, jezera ili rijeka, s dostatno debelom krutom plohom iznad površine vode koja služi kao podloga na čijoj je površini moguće uspostavljanje svih oblika i sadržaja djelatnosti i aktivnosti kakve su poznate i postoje na suhozemnim podlogama. A floating platform made of artificial ice can be connected to one or more such ice platforms and together they can form formations such as floating islands made of artificial ice, very long bridges, airports, ship docks, including those in the open sea completely away from the coast, and as platforms of extremely large dimensions as floating carriers on the waters of seas, oceans, lakes or rivers, with a sufficiently thick rigid surface above the surface of the water that serves as a surface on which it is possible to establish all forms and contents of activities and activities such as are known and exist on land surfaces.
Oplošje (3.2) plutajuće ledene platforme, dakle gornja, donja i bočne stranice, izrađeno je od čeličnog lima otpornog na koroziju. U unutrašnjosti plutajuće ledene platforme nalaze se okomiti nosači (9.1) kojima je svrha da nose ostale elemente u unutrašnjosti kao što su snopovi cijevi (6.1) za zaleđivanje vode tj. održavanje leda, senzori (7.1) za kontrolu temperature leda te ostalih elemenata kao što su armaturne mreže i slično. Preostali unutarnji prostor plutajuće ledene platforme ispunjen je umjetno zaleđenom vodom to jest ledom (3.1). The surface (3.2) of the floating ice platform, i.e. the top, bottom and sides, is made of corrosion-resistant steel sheet. In the interior of the floating ice platform there are vertical supports (9.1) whose purpose is to carry other elements in the interior such as bundles of pipes (6.1) for freezing the water, i.e. maintaining the ice, sensors (7.1) for controlling the temperature of the ice and other elements such as are reinforcing meshes and the like. The remaining internal space of the floating ice platform is filled with artificially frozen water, i.e. ice (3.1).
Na gornjoj stranici oplošja (3.2) nalazi se podloga (3.4) čija gornja ploha predstavlja površinu za prihvat svih ostalih objekata, postrojenja i sadržaja potrebnih za funkcioniranje plutajuće ledene platforme a to su kontrolno - upravljački centar (4.1), postrojenje za hlađenje (5.1) s rashladnim jedinicama i vitla (8.1) za zatezanje sidrenih lanaca (8.2). On the upper side of the surface (3.2) there is a base (3.4), the upper surface of which represents the surface for receiving all other objects, plants and contents necessary for the functioning of the floating ice platform, namely the control and management center (4.1), the cooling plant (5.1) with cooling units and winches (8.1) for tightening the anchor chains (8.2).
Kontrolno-upravljački centar (4.1) spojen je na sve objekte, postrojenja i funkcionalne elemente na i unutar plutajuće platforme od umjetnog leda te služi za nadzor i upravljanje svim procesima. The control and management center (4.1) is connected to all objects, plants and functional elements on and inside the artificial ice floating platform and serves to monitor and manage all processes.
Postrojenje za hlađenje (5.1) s rashladnim jedinicama služi za procesuiranje rashladnog medija te ga cjevovodima (5.2) transportira do snopova cijevi (6.1) a električnim vezama (4.2) spojena je s kontrolno-upravljačkim centrom (4.1). Snopovi cijevi (6.1) dijele unutrašnjost plutajuće ledene platforme na segmente koje je moguće autonomno odleđivati i zaleđivati prema potrebi. The cooling plant (5.1) with cooling units is used for processing the cooling medium and transports it to the bundles of pipes (6.1) through pipelines (5.2) and is connected to the control and management center (4.1) through electrical connections (4.2). Pipe bundles (6.1) divide the interior of the floating ice platform into segments that can be autonomously de-iced and re-frozen as needed.
Vitla (8.1) služe sa namatanje i otpuštanje sidrenih lanaca (8.2) te su njima spojeni sa sidrenim blokovima (8.4). Na jednom dijelu duljine sidrenih lanaca (8.2) nalaze se plutače (8.3) koje služe za amortiziranje udarnih sila koje mogu djelovati na plutajuću ledenu platformu. Vitla (8.1) su električnim vezama (4.4) sustava za sidrenje i pozicioniranje spojena s kontrolno - upravljačkim centrom (4.1). Winches (8.1) are used to wind and release the anchor chains (8.2) and are connected to the anchor blocks (8.4). On one part of the length of the anchor chains (8.2) there are buoys (8.3) that serve to absorb impact forces that can act on the floating ice platform. The winches (8.1) are connected to the control and management center (4.1) by electrical connections (4.4) of the anchoring and positioning system.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRP20120427AA HRP20120427A2 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | Floating platform made of artificial ice |
| PCT/HR2013/000012 WO2013171523A2 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2013-05-17 | Artificial ice floating platform |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRP20120427AA HRP20120427A2 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | Floating platform made of artificial ice |
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| EP3237275B9 (en) | 2014-12-28 | 2021-10-20 | Yehoshua Fishler | Gas hydrate transportation and storage system and method |
| CN110705155B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2023-07-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Ice water mixing interface simulation method for water surface lotus leaf ice coverage |
| CN111290392B (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-11-06 | 长江三峡通航管理局 | System and method for controlling formation and cooperative stop of ship passing through gate |
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| AU2533884A (en) * | 1978-10-06 | 1984-06-21 | Graeme Eadie | Ice structures |
| US5027613A (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1991-07-02 | Pare Robert L | Floating ice rink |
| IE960011A1 (en) * | 1996-01-10 | 1997-07-16 | Padraig Mcalister | Structural ice composites, processes for their construction¹and their use as artificial islands and other fixed and¹floating structures |
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2012
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