HRP20110660A2 - Water turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

Turbine pokretane u vodenim tokovima spadaju u područje tehnike F03B 17/06 – pogonski strojevi s korištenjem strujanja tekućine. Postavljaju se u vodotoke bez mijenjanja njihovog toka, ne djeluju štetno na okolinu, ne proizvode nikakve štetne produkte, ne mijenjaju okoliš. Lako se premještaju na druge lokacije i recikliraju. Moguće je postavljanje na velike i male vodotoke. Nizovi turbina na jednom vodotoku mogu proizvesti veliku snagu. Sastoje se od pregradnih ploča (1, 2), donje ploče (3), koje čine lijevak, u kojem se vodeni tok usmjerava na dno vodotoka, sužava u početni kanal (5) te mu se povećava brzina, daljnji kanali (7, 8) dodatno ubrzavaju vodeni mlaz. U kanale vodenog mlaza (9), postavljaju se turbine (10), koje su u dva zasebna kanala postavljene sa suprotno usmjerenom rotacijom. Osovine turbina preko zupčastog mjenjača (12) usklađuju smjer i broj okretaja sa rotorom generatora električne energije na koji su spojene.Turbines driven in watercourses belong to the field of technology F03B 17/06 - propulsion machines using fluid flow. They are placed in watercourses without changing their flow, do not harm the environment, do not produce any harmful products, do not change the environment. They are easily moved to other locations and recycled. It is possible to install on large and small watercourses. Series of turbines on a single watercourse can produce great power. They consist of partition plates (1, 2), lower plate (3), which form a funnel, in which the water flow is directed to the bottom of the watercourse, narrows into the initial channel (5) and increases its speed, further channels (7, 8 ) further accelerate the water jet. In the channels of the water jet (9), turbines (10) are placed, which are placed in two separate channels with opposite direction of rotation. The turbine shafts via the gearbox (12) coordinate the direction and speed with the rotor of the electricity generator to which they are connected.

Description

Područje tehnike na koje se izum odnosi Technical field to which the invention relates

Ovaj izum odnosi se na uređaje za pretvorbu energije, koju ima vodena masa kad teče u rijekama, kanalima, morskim i oceanskim strujama, te ostalim strujanjima vodene mase. Silu toka tekućine pretvara u mehaničku energiju, a prema međunarodnoj klasifikaciji može se svrstati u : F03B 17/06 - pogonski strojevi s korištenjem strujanja tekućine. This invention relates to devices for converting energy, which the water mass has when it flows in rivers, canals, sea and ocean currents, and other water mass flows. It converts the force of the flow of liquid into mechanical energy, and according to the international classification it can be classified in: F03B 17/06 - drive machines using the flow of liquid.

Tehnički problem Technical problem

Od pradavnih dana čovjek koristi prirodne sile da olakša svoj fizički rad. Prirodne tokove vode ljudi su koristili za prijenos raznih roba, pomoću splavi i čamaca. Vodena kola mlinova okretala su kamen za meljavu žitarica, te za druge jednostavnije mehaničke radnje. Napretkom tehnike vodena kola su napuštena zbog male snage koju su mogla pretvoriti u mehanički rad, zbog tehničkih problema smještaja velikih postrojenja na terenu uz rijeke, malog zahvata vodenog toka i male snage vodenog toka na vodenoj površini. Since ancient times, man has used natural forces to facilitate his physical work. People used natural water courses to transport various goods, using rafts and boats. The water wheels of the mills turned the stone for grinding grain, and for other simpler mechanical operations. With the advancement of technology, water wheels were abandoned due to the low power that they could convert into mechanical work, due to the technical problems of placing large plants on the ground along rivers, the small catchment of the water flow and the low power of the water flow on the water surface.

Vodeni tokovi počeli su se koristiti za proizvodnju električne energije u velikim hidroelektranama. Izgradnja hidroelektrana traži ogromna sredstva, mijenja prirodne tokove rijeka, ima utjecaj na biološku ravnotežu, krajolik. Water streams began to be used for the production of electricity in large hydroelectric power plants. The construction of hydropower plants requires huge funds, changes the natural flow of rivers, has an impact on the biological balance, the landscape.

Snaga vodenih tokova, u svom prirodnom obliku danas se gotovo i ne koristi. Ogromna energija koju imaju prirodni vodeni tokovi, naročito u dubokim rijekama i morskim strujama, danas je neiskorištena. To je čista energija koja prati prirodno kruženje vode na našoj planeti, koju kao takvu moramo početi koristiti. The power of water flows, in its natural form, is hardly used today. The enormous energy that natural water courses have, especially in deep rivers and sea currents, is currently unused. It is clean energy that follows the natural circulation of water on our planet, which we must start using as such.

Turbine pokretane u vodenim tokovima, koriste energiju toka tekućine bez utjecaja na okoliš, vodu, tlo ili zrak, one ničim ne mijenjaju prirodne tokove vode ni krajolike. Turbines driven in watercourses use the energy of the liquid flow without affecting the environment, water, soil or air, they do not change the natural watercourses or landscapes in any way.

Stanje tehnike State of the art

Vodeno kolo je najstariji način iskorištavanja energije vodenih tokova, prvenstveno tokova potoka i malih rijeka, za pretvaranje površinske snage vodenog toka u mehaničku snagu, koja se koristila za pokretanje većinom mlinskih kamena, te za neke jednostavnije mehaničke radove. Velike hidroelektrane mijenjaju cijele vodotoke, stvaraju akumulacije, jezera, mijenjaju krajolik. Snaga morskih i oceanskih struja danas je gotovo neiskorištena. The water wheel is the oldest way of harnessing the energy of water flows, primarily streams and small rivers, to convert the surface power of the water flow into mechanical power, which was used to move most millstones, and for some simpler mechanical works. Large hydropower plants change entire watercourses, create reservoirs, lakes, and change the landscape. The power of sea and ocean currents is almost unused today.

Izlaganje biti izuma Presentation of the essence of the invention

Voda u svom prirodnom kruženju stvara tokove potoka, rijeka, morske i oceanske struje. Pod djelovanjem gravitacijske sile, kojoj je izložena vodena masa, ona se premješta, iz viših u niže dijelove. Morskim i oceanskim strujama izjednačava se toplina. Water in its natural circulation creates streams, rivers, sea and ocean currents. Under the action of the gravitational force, to which the water mass is exposed, it moves from higher to lower parts. Heat is equalized by sea and ocean currents.

Turbine pokretane u vodenim tokovima koriste se prirodnim tokovima voda u rijekama, morima, morskim tjesnacima, strujama – svugdje gdje postoji kretanje vodene mase. Cilj izuma je iskoristiti veliku snagu vodenog toka, koji se preko lopatica prenosi na osovinu. Sila na osovini može se iskoristiti na različite načine, jedan od najprihvatljivijih je prijenos sile okretnog momenta osovine, na rotor generatora električne energije, odnosno proizvodnja električne energije. Turbines powered by water currents are used by natural water flows in rivers, seas, sea straits, currents - wherever there is movement of water mass. The goal of the invention is to use the great power of the water flow, which is transferred to the shaft via the blades. The force on the shaft can be used in different ways, one of the most acceptable is the transmission of the force of the torque of the shaft to the rotor of the electricity generator, that is, the production of electricity.

Proizvodnja električne energije pomoću turbina pokretanih u vodenim tokovima, ekološki je potpuno prihvatljiva, jer se ne mijenja vodeni tok, nema nikakvih štetnih utjecaja na okolinu, ne stvaraju se štetna zračenja ni zagađenja, nema onečišćenja okoline, nema štetnih popratnih pojava, nema buke, ne stvaraju se nikakve otpadne tvari. Cijeli sistem turbina po ovom izumu, po završetku vijeka trajanja, može se bezopasno rastaviti i reciklirati, kao i sav drugi bezopasan metalni otpad. Izgradnja ovih turbina manje je građevinski zahtjevna, brža i jeftinija od poznatih načina iskorištavanja vodene energije. Njihovo postavljanje moguće je izvesti na lokacijama koja su bliža mjestima trošenja električne energije – gradovi, industrijska postrojenja. Po prestanku korištenja na jednom mjestu, mogu se lako rastaviti i premjestiti ili odvući šlepanjem, pomoću plovaka, na drugo mjesto. Po prestanku korištenja na jednoj lokaciji, iza sebe ne ostavljaju nikakve promjene na okolišu ili vodotoku. The production of electricity using turbines driven in water courses is completely environmentally acceptable, because the water course does not change, there are no harmful effects on the environment, no harmful radiation or pollution is created, no pollution of the environment, no harmful side effects, no noise, no no waste materials are created. The entire turbine system according to this invention, at the end of its useful life, can be harmlessly disassembled and recycled, like all other harmless metal waste. The construction of these turbines is less construction demanding, faster and cheaper than known ways of using water energy. It is possible to install them in locations that are closer to places where electricity is consumed - cities, industrial plants. After the end of use in one place, they can be easily disassembled and moved or dragged by towing, using floats, to another place. When they cease to be used in one location, they do not leave behind any changes to the environment or the watercourse.

Turbine pokretane u vodenim tokovima, sastoje se od donje ploče, koja se postavlja neposredno iznad dna vodotoka, za horizontalno postavljanje ploče iznad dna služe nosači za horizontalno izravnanje. Od površine vodotoka, prema donjoj ploči, spušta se prednja kompaktna pregrada koja suzuje i usmjeruje vodeni tok u početni kanal vodenog toka, znatno manjeg poprečnog presjeka. Nagib i visina ploče ovisi o dubini i brzini vodenog toka, projektira se posebno za svaki vodotok, tako da je sila koju podnosi ploča minimalna, suprotnu silu ima vodena masa iza ploče. Donja ploča i kompaktne pregrade iznad nje, čine početni kanal u kojem se smiruju vrtlozi, ubrzava vodeni tok i smanjuje tlak. Na kraju početnog kanala, na njegovom završnom poprečnom presjeku, pritisak u vodenom mlazu na granici je pojave kavitacije. Turbines driven in watercourses consist of a lower plate, which is placed directly above the bottom of the watercourse, horizontal leveling brackets are used to place the plate horizontally above the bottom. From the surface of the watercourse, towards the bottom plate, a front compact partition descends which narrows and directs the water flow into the initial channel of the water flow, with a much smaller cross-section. The slope and height of the slab depends on the depth and speed of the water flow, it is designed specifically for each water flow, so that the force borne by the slab is minimal, the opposite force is exerted by the water mass behind the slab. The bottom plate and the compact partitions above it form the initial channel in which the eddies calm down, accelerate the water flow and reduce the pressure. At the end of the initial channel, at its final cross-section, the pressure in the water jet is at the limit of cavitation.

Kompaktna pregrada i gornja ploča kanala, prema potrebi su plosnatim nosačima pričvršćeni za donju ploču, time se sila pritiska vodene mase iznad kompaktne pregrade i kanala prenosi na donju ploču i daje joj dodatnu stabilnost. Iz završnog djela početnog kanala, mlaznice, izlazi vodeni mlaz tlaka na granici kavitacije. Mlaz iz izlazne mlaznice početnog kanala ulazi u slobodni prostor pod većim tlakom u dubini vodenog toka. Mlaz se širi i ulazi u drugi nastavak vodenog kanala. Površina poprečnog presjeka ulaznog dijela drugog nastavka vodenog kanala mora biti veća od izlazne mlaznice početnog kanala vodenog toka. Drugi nastavak vodenog kanala suzuje se prema izlaznoj mlaznici, iz koje ubrzani mlaz izlazi na granici kavitacije u okolni prostor većeg tlaka. Nastavci vodenog kanala služe za ubrzanje vodenog mlaza. Mlaz se ubrzava jer je površina presjeka na početku nastavka kanala veća od one na izlaznom dijelu, a tlak je na početku kanala veći. Prema svojstvima svakog vodotoka, potrebno je odrediti najbolji broj nastavaka vodenog kanala, razmak između pojedinih nastavaka kanala, početnu površinu otvora, suženje i površinu završnog kanala, prije djelovanja na lopatice turbina. Prema hidro dinamički proračunima, umjesto odvojenih kanala može se izvesti jedan kompaktni kanal, sa otvorima u stjenkama, kroz koje, na mlaz koji se ubrzava, djeluje tlak u dubini vodenog toka i sprječava pojavu kavitacije. Na kraju zadnjeg nastavka vodenog kanala, koji prelazi u cijevni oblik, nalazi se cijevna turbina. Ubrzani vodeni mlaz, svoju brzinu prenosi na lopatice, a one na osovinu turbina. Zahvaćeni vodeni tok može se dijeliti na dva ili više zasebnih vodenih kanala, na čijim krajevima su smještene turbine. Kod dva vodena mlaza turbine na njihovim krajevima se postavljaju u suprotne rotacijske smjerove. Time se poništava okretni moment na nosećoj ploči. Iza turbina vodeni mlaz ulazi u difuzor, koji povećava iskoristivost turbina. Difuzori iza turbina u dva kanala se spajaju u jedan, te se poništava rotacija fluida iza turbina. Vodeni mlaz iza difuzora može se iskoristiti kao početni dio mlaza novog sistema turbina pokretanih u vodenim tokovima. Osovina turbina, preko zupčastih mjenjača, spojena je sa rotorom generatora električne energije. Zupčasti mjenjači prilagođavaju broj okretaja generatoru električne energije, a jedan usklađuje i smjer okretaja sa drugim. U kanale, ubrzivače vodenog toka, mogu se instalirati poznati mehanizmi za regulaciju protoka i veličinu mlaza vode, zavisno od oscilacija dubine i brzine prirodnog vodotoka. The compact partition and the upper plate of the channel, if necessary, are attached to the lower plate with flat supports, thus the pressure force of the water mass above the compact partition and the channel is transferred to the lower plate and gives it additional stability. From the final part of the initial channel, the nozzle, a pressure water jet emerges at the cavitation boundary. The jet from the exit nozzle of the initial channel enters the free space under higher pressure in the depth of the water flow. The jet expands and enters the second extension of the water channel. The cross-sectional area of the inlet part of the second extension of the water channel must be larger than the outlet nozzle of the initial water flow channel. The second extension of the water channel narrows towards the exit nozzle, from which the accelerated jet exits at the cavitation limit into the surrounding space of higher pressure. Water channel extensions serve to accelerate the water jet. The jet accelerates because the cross-sectional area at the beginning of the channel extension is greater than that at the exit part, and the pressure at the beginning of the channel is higher. According to the properties of each watercourse, it is necessary to determine the best number of water channel extensions, the distance between individual channel extensions, the opening surface, the narrowing and the surface of the final channel, before acting on the turbine blades. According to hydrodynamic calculations, instead of separate channels, one compact channel can be constructed, with openings in the walls, through which, on the accelerating stream, pressure in the depth of the water flow acts and prevents the occurrence of cavitation. At the end of the last continuation of the water channel, which turns into a tube, there is a tube turbine. The accelerated water jet transfers its speed to the blades, and they to the turbine shaft. The affected water flow can be divided into two or more separate water channels, at the ends of which turbines are located. In the case of two water jets, the turbines at their ends are placed in opposite directions of rotation. This cancels out the torque on the carrier plate. Behind the turbines, the water jet enters the diffuser, which increases the efficiency of the turbines. The diffusers behind the turbines in the two channels are combined into one, and the rotation of the fluid behind the turbines is canceled. The water jet behind the diffuser can be used as the initial part of the jet of a new system of turbines driven by water flows. The shaft of the turbine is connected to the rotor of the electricity generator via toothed gearboxes. Geared gearboxes adjust the number of revolutions of the electric power generator, and one also coordinates the direction of revolution with the other. Well-known mechanisms for regulating the flow and the size of the water stream, depending on the oscillations of the depth and speed of the natural water flow, can be installed in the canals, water flow accelerators.

U ovaj sistem mogu se postaviti i druge vrste turbina, sa vodoravnom ili okomitom osovinom, ali sve koriste kao pogonsku snagu, prethodno opisani, ubrzani vodeni mlaz. Other types of turbines can be installed in this system, with a horizontal or vertical shaft, but they all use the previously described, accelerated water jet as the driving force.

Cijeli sistem usmjeravanja vodotoka, ubrzavanja i djelovanja na lopatice, potrebno je projektirati i izvesti, tako da se izbjegne, ili svede na najmanju mjeru, pojava kavitacije, a otpori strujanja svedu na najmanje vrijednosti. Cijeli sistem za zahvaćanje vodenog toka, ubrzavanje i usmjeravanje vodenog mlaza na turbine, same turbine, osovine, zupčasti mjenjači i generator, proizvode se pojedinačno i po elementima. Na najpogodnijem dijelu vodotoka zasebni elementi se spuštaju na plutajuću konstrukciju na vodotoku i spajaju u projektiranu cjelinu. Cijeli sistem sa turbinama tada se odvlači i postavlja na lokaciju za korištenje. Plutajuća konstrukcija se odvaja od sistema sa turbinama i pomoću vitla, ili na drugi najpogodniji način, spušta do dna vodotoka. Donja ploča, neposredno iznad dna vodotoka, postavi se pomoću vijaka za horizontalno izravnanje, u vodoravni položaj. Na donju ploču, i sve dijelove koji su na njoj, djeluje pritisak vodene mase u dubini, te je kao sidro, učvršćuje na dno vodenog toka. Za dodatnu stabilnost, u vodenom toku, cijeli sistem može se, prema proračunima, dodatno usidriti u vodotoku, ili za obalu. Plutajuća konstrukcija, koja služi za montažu i demontažu, uklanja se sa vodotoka. The entire system of directing the water flow, accelerating it and acting on the vanes, needs to be designed and executed, so that the occurrence of cavitation is avoided or minimized, and flow resistances are reduced to the lowest values. The entire system for capturing the water flow, accelerating and directing the water jet to the turbines, the turbines themselves, the shafts, gear gearboxes and the generator, are produced individually and by elements. At the most suitable part of the watercourse, the separate elements are lowered onto the floating construction on the watercourse and joined into a designed unit. The entire system with the turbines is then towed and placed in the location for use. The floating structure is separated from the system with turbines and lowered to the bottom of the watercourse using a winch, or in another most convenient way. The bottom plate, just above the bottom of the watercourse, is placed in a horizontal position using the horizontal leveling screws. The pressure of the water mass in depth acts on the lower plate, and all the parts on it, and anchors it to the bottom of the water course like an anchor. For additional stability in the water course, the entire system can, according to calculations, be additionally anchored in the water course, or to the shore. The floating structure, which is used for assembly and disassembly, is removed from the watercourse.

Za potrebe održavanja ili kod premještanja cijelog sistema na drugu lokaciju, plutajuća konstrukcija se postavlja iznad sistema turbina, diže pomoću vitla i pričvršćuje za plutajuću konstrukciju. Kad je cijeli sistem iznad vodene površine, mogu se izvršiti svi popravci, rastaviti cijeli sistem ili odvući na drugu lokaciju. Plutajuća konstrukcija sastoji se od nosivih elemenata, na koje su pričvršćeni plutajući elementi, ispunjeni zrakom ili su izrađeni od laganih materijala (npr. ekspandiranog poli stirena). Na nosive elemente, pomoću užadi, pričvršćuje se i cijeli sistem sa turbinama te vitlima spušta ili diže iz vodotoka. For maintenance purposes or when moving the entire system to another location, the floating structure is placed above the turbine system, lifted by a winch and attached to the floating structure. When the entire system is above the water surface, all repairs can be performed, the entire system can be disassembled or towed to another location. The floating structure consists of load-bearing elements, to which the floating elements are attached, filled with air or made of light materials (eg expanded polystyrene). The entire system with turbines and winches is attached to the load-bearing elements, using ropes to lower or raise them from the watercourse.

Ispred prednje kompaktne pregrade, te iznad prekida kanala vodenog mlaza, postavlja se zaštitna rešetka. Ona sprječava ulazak u sistem raznih objekata koji plutaju u vodenom toku, a koji bi mogli omesti rad samog sistema. In front of the front compact partition, and above the interruption of the water jet channel, a protective grid is placed. It prevents the entry into the system of various objects floating in the water flow, which could interfere with the operation of the system itself.

Za svaku lokaciju u vodotoku, potrebno je odrediti hidro dinamičkim proračunima, najbolji oblik i kut postavljanja kompaktnih pregrada, koja usmjeruju vodeni tok prema dnu, djelovanje sila i čvrstoću izvedbe, broj kanala vodenog mlaza, vrstu turbina, broj i oblik lopatica na osovini, koji daje najveću finesu. Uzimajući u obzir osnovne karakteristike samog vodotoka, brzinu, količinu protoka, dubinu vodotoka, sezonske oscilacije, temperaturu i ciljeve izvedbe, određuje se najbolji način izvedbe turbina pokretanih u vodenim tokovima. For each location in the watercourse, it is necessary to determine with hydrodynamic calculations, the best shape and angle of placement of compact partitions, which direct the water flow towards the bottom, the action of forces and the strength of the performance, the number of water jet channels, the type of turbines, the number and shape of blades on the shaft, which gives the greatest finesse. Taking into account the basic characteristics of the watercourse itself, speed, amount of flow, depth of the watercourse, seasonal oscillations, temperature and performance goals, the best way of performance of turbines driven in watercourses is determined.

Pojedinačna snaga turbina po ovom izumu, manja je od turbina instaliranih na vodotoke sa stvaranjem akumulacijskih jezera i visinskim razlikama. Prednost turbina po ovom izumu, su najniži troškovi proizvedenog KWh, brza i jednostavna izgradnja izvan lokacija korištenja, tipiziranje dijelova za slične karakteristike vodotoka, jednostavno postavljanje, ne mijenja, niti ne utječe na okoliš, jednostavno i jeftino održavanje, mogu se postaviti na vodene tokove koji nisu pogodni za izgradnju velikih hidroelektrana, mogu se lako premještati na druge lokacije, te poslije upotrebe bezopasno reciklirati. Postavljanjem niza pojedinačnih turbina u jedan vodotok, može se dobiti vrlo velika ukupna snaga cijelog sistema. The individual power of turbines according to this invention is smaller than turbines installed on watercourses with the creation of accumulation lakes and height differences. The advantage of the turbines according to this invention are the lowest costs of the produced KWh, fast and simple construction outside the locations of use, typing of parts for similar characteristics of watercourses, simple installation, does not change or affect the environment, simple and cheap maintenance, can be installed on watercourses which are not suitable for the construction of large hydroelectric power plants, can be easily moved to other locations and after use safely recycled. By placing a series of individual turbines in one watercourse, a very large total power of the entire system can be obtained.

Postavljanje i funkcioniranje cjelokupnog sistema turbina pokretanih u vodenim tokovima, tako da proizvode iskoristivu silu na osovini, prema ovom izumu, moguće je izvesti i na druge načine, a da se zadrži osnovni princip i duh izuma. The installation and functioning of the entire system of turbines driven in water streams, so that they produce usable force on the shaft, according to this invention, can be performed in other ways, while maintaining the basic principle and spirit of the invention.

Kratak opis crteža Brief description of the drawing

Popratni crteži koji su uključeni u opis i koji čine dio opisa izuma , ilustriraju dosad razmatrani najbolji način za izvedbu izuma, i pomažu kod objašnjavanja osnovnih principa rada izuma. The accompanying drawings, which are included in the description and form part of the description of the invention, illustrate the best way of carrying out the invention considered so far, and help to explain the basic principles of the invention.

Slika 1 je uzdužni presjek kanala za ubrzavanje vodenog mlaza, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the channel for accelerating the water jet,

Slika 2 je tlocrt turbina pokretanih u vodenom toku. Figure 2 is a floor plan of turbines driven in water flow.

Detaljan opis jednog od načina ostvarivanja izuma Detailed description of one of the ways of realizing the invention

Detaljno ću opisati rad i funkcioniranje jedne od mogućih izvedbi turbina pokretanih u vodenim tokovima, čiji je primjer ilustriran pridruženim crtežima. I will describe in detail the operation and functioning of one of the possible designs of turbines driven in water streams, an example of which is illustrated in the attached drawings.

Cijeli sistem sastoji se od tri funkcionalne cjeline. Prva cjelina zahvaća i ubrzava vodeni tok. U drugoj se dodatno ubrzava i usmjeruje vodeni mlaz, koji djeluje na lopatice turbina i preko difuzora se vraća u vodeni tok. Treća se sastoji od osovina turbina, zupčastih mjenjača i generatora električne energije. Zupčasti mjenjači usklađuju smjer i broj okretaja sa generatorom električne energije. The entire system consists of three functional units. The first unit captures and accelerates the water flow. In the second, the water jet is additionally accelerated and directed, which acts on the turbine blades and returns to the water flow through the diffuser. The third consists of turbine shafts, toothed gearboxes and electricity generators. Geared gearboxes coordinate the direction and number of revolutions with the electricity generator.

Prvu cjelinu možemo nazvati «lijevak», sastoji se od prednje kompaktne pregrade 1, dvije bočne kompaktne pregrade 2, prednjeg dijela donje ploče 3, plosnatih nosača 4, koji unutar lijevka, povezuju prednju kompaktnu pregradu sa donjom pločom. Ispred lijevka nalazi se zaštitna mreža 16. Kompaktne pregrade 1 i 2 te donja ploča nastavljaju se u početni kanal vodenog mlaza 5. Vodeni tok biva zahvaćen otvorom lijevka, usmjeruje se prednjom i bočnim kompaktnim pregradama, prema donjoj ploči, te čini plosnati, početni kanal vodenog toka 5. Početni kanal se razdvaja na identični lijevi i desni krak, koji se dalje suzuju i završavaju mlaznicom, kroz koju izlazi ubrzani vodeni mlaz, tlaka na granici kavitacije. Na mlaz u prekidu vodenog kanala 6, djeluje tlak vodene mase, koja se nalazi u dubini vodenog toka. Mlaz se počinje širiti i usporavati. The first unit can be called the "funnel", it consists of a front compact partition 1, two side compact partitions 2, the front part of the bottom plate 3, flat supports 4, which inside the funnel connect the front compact partition to the bottom plate. In front of the funnel there is a protective net 16. The compact partitions 1 and 2 and the bottom plate continue into the initial channel of the water jet 5. The water flow is captured by the opening of the funnel, is directed through the front and side compact partitions, towards the bottom plate, and forms a flat, initial channel of water flow 5. The initial channel splits into identical left and right branches, which narrow further and end with a nozzle, through which an accelerated water jet exits, pressure at the cavitation limit. The jet in the break of the water channel 6 is affected by the pressure of the water mass, which is located in the depth of the water flow. The jet begins to expand and slow down.

Tada mlaz ulazi u drugu cjelinu, koju možemo nazvati «ubrzivači sa turbinama». Mlaz povećanog tlaka, ulazi u drugi nastavak vodenog kanala 7. Početni dio kanala 7 mora biti veće površine otvora od završne mlaznice početnog kanala 5, da prihvati cijeli mlaz. Na početnom otvoru kanala 7, djeluje tlak koji se nalazi u dubini vodenog toka. Kanala 7 se suzuje i završava otvorom mlaznice na granici kavitacije. U usporedbi sa izlazom mlaza iz mlaznice početnog kanala vodenog toka 5, mlaz sada ima veću brzinu i manju površinu poprečnog presjeka. To omogućava djelovanje tlaka u dubini vodenog toka, unutar prekida vodenog kanala 6, na vodeni mlaz i početni otvor vodenog kanala 7. Na mlaz koji izlazi iz otvora mlaznice kanala 7, opet djeluje tlak iz okoline na dnu vodotoka, a unutar prekida vodenog kanala 6. Mlaz povećanog tlaka ulazi u prošireni treći nastavak vodenog kanala 8. Kanal se dalje suzuje, mlaz ubrzava i na granici kavitacije izlazi u prekid vodenog kanala 6, gdje na njega djeluje tlak u dubini vodenog toka. Mlaz ulazi u završni kanal 9, i dodatno ubrzava. Kanal od plosnatog oblika 5, 7, i 8 prelazi u cjevasti oblik. Vodeni mlaz usmjeruje se na cijevnu turbinu 10, koja se nalazi na kraju lijevog i desnog kanala 9. Na ili u, izlazne dijelove vodenih kanala 5, 7 i 8, mogu se, prema hidro dinamičkim Then the jet enters another unit, which we can call "accelerators with turbines". The jet of increased pressure enters the second extension of the water channel 7. The initial part of the channel 7 must have a larger opening area than the final nozzle of the initial channel 5, to accept the entire jet. At the initial opening of channel 7, the pressure that is in the depth of the water flow acts. Channel 7 narrows and ends with the nozzle opening at the cavitation boundary. Compared to the jet exit from the nozzle of the initial water flow channel 5, the jet now has a higher velocity and a smaller cross-sectional area. This enables the pressure in the depth of the water flow, within the break of the water channel 6, to act on the water stream and the initial opening of the water channel 7. The stream coming out of the nozzle opening of the channel 7 is again affected by the pressure from the environment at the bottom of the water stream, and within the break of the water channel 6 The jet of increased pressure enters the expanded third extension of the water channel 8. The channel further narrows, the jet accelerates and at the limit of cavitation it exits into the break in the water channel 6, where it is affected by the pressure in the depth of the water flow. The jet enters the final channel 9, and accelerates further. The channel from the flat shape 5, 7, and 8 changes to a tubular shape. The water jet is directed to the pipe turbine 10, which is located at the end of the left and right channels 9. At or in the exit parts of the water channels 5, 7 and 8, according to the hydrodynamic

proračunima, postaviti poznati regulatori otvora, koji usklađuju oscilacije dubine i brzine prirodnih vodotoka. Prema hidro dinamički proračunima, umjesto odvojenih kanala 5, 7, 8 i 9 može se izvesti jedan kompaktni kanal, sa otvorima u stjenkama, kroz koje, na mlaz koji se ubrzava djeluje tlak u dubini vodenog toka i sprječava pojavu kavitacije. Iza turbina 10 nastavlja se difuzor vodenog mlaza. Difuzori iza turbina u lijevom i desnom kraku kanala, spajaju se u jedan, time se poništava rotacija vode iza suprotno rotirajuće desne i lijeve turbine. Suprotna orijentacija vrtnje lijeve i desne turbine, poništava silu okretnog momenta na noseću strukturu donje ploče 3. calculations, install well-known opening regulators, which coordinate the oscillations of the depth and speed of natural watercourses. According to hydrodynamic calculations, instead of separate channels 5, 7, 8 and 9, one compact channel can be made, with openings in the walls, through which pressure in the depth of the water flow acts on the accelerating jet and prevents the occurrence of cavitation. The water jet diffuser continues behind the turbines 10. The diffusers behind the turbines in the left and right branches of the channel are combined into one, thereby canceling the rotation of the water behind the counter-rotating right and left turbines. The opposite orientation of rotation of the left and right turbine cancels the torque force on the supporting structure of the lower plate 3.

Treći dio «radna jedinica» sastoji se iz rotirajućih osovina 11. Broj okretaja osovine se u zupčastom mjenjaču 12 usklađuje sa karakteristikama generatora električne energije 13. U jednom zupčastom mjenjaču 12, usklađuje se i smjer okretaja osovina 11, te se okretni moment sa obje turbine prenosi na rotor generatora električne energije. Generator se dalje preko transformatora priključuje na električnu mrežu. The third part of the "working unit" consists of rotating shafts 11. The number of revolutions of the shaft is coordinated in the gear box 12 with the characteristics of the electricity generator 13. In one gear box 12, the direction of rotation of the shafts 11 is also coordinated, and the torque from both turbines transmitted to the rotor of the electricity generator. The generator is further connected to the power grid via a transformer.

Ispred otvora lijevka, te iznad prekida vodenih kanala 6, postavlja se zaštitna mreža 16. Ona dodatno učvršćuje cjelokupnu konstrukciju i štiti je od djelovanja predmeta koji plutaju u vodotoku. Donja ploča 3 i kompaktne pregrade 1 i 2 sastoje se iz više dijelova koji se pojedinačno izrađuju sa ostalim elementima sistema. A protective net 16 is placed in front of the opening of the funnel, and above the interruption of the water channels 6. It additionally strengthens the entire structure and protects it from the effects of objects floating in the water stream. The bottom plate 3 and the compact partitions 1 and 2 consist of several parts that are made individually with other elements of the system.

Svi dijelovi dopremaju se na mjesto korištenja, spajaju na plutajućoj konstrukciji za montažu i demontažu, u kompaktnu cjelinu i spuštaju na dubinu od desetak centimetara iznad dna vodotoka. Na donjoj ploči postavljaju se nosači za horizontalno izravnanje 15, s obzirom na moguće neravnine i kretanja materijala po dnu vodotoka. All parts are delivered to the place of use, joined on a floating structure for assembly and disassembly, into a compact unit and lowered to a depth of ten centimeters above the bottom of the water course. Brackets for horizontal leveling 15 are placed on the lower plate, taking into account possible unevenness and movement of material along the bottom of the watercourse.

Prema karakteristikama vodotoka i otpora strujanja vodene mase u cjelokupnom sistemu turbina pokretanih u vodenim tokovima, a temeljem proračuna sidrenja, sistem se može dodatno učvrstiti vezanjem za sidrišta u vodotoku ili na obali. According to the characteristics of the water flow and the resistance of the flow of the water mass in the entire system of turbines driven in water flows, and based on the calculation of the anchorage, the system can be additionally strengthened by tying to anchorages in the watercourse or on the shore.

Kod postavljanja turbina pokretanih u vodenim tokovima, u vrlo duboke vodotoke, morske ili oceanske struje, cijeli sistem može plutati na određenoj, optimalnoj, dubini u vodotoku. Materijal za izradu cjelokupnog sistema mora biti dovoljne čvrstoće da izdrži utjecaj svih sila koje na njega djeluju, mora biti otporan na korozivna djelovanja vode, svi bridovi se izvode zaobljeno, površine na koje djeluje vodeni mlaz moraju biti glatke, da se olakša strujanje vode i smanji trenje. When installing turbines driven in water courses, in very deep water courses, sea or ocean currents, the whole system can float at a certain, optimal, depth in the water course. The material for making the entire system must be strong enough to withstand the impact of all the forces acting on it, it must be resistant to the corrosive effects of water, all edges are rounded, the surfaces affected by the water jet must be smooth, to facilitate the flow of water and reduce friction.

Stručnjacima iz područja mehanike, svakako će biti vidljivo da se mogu napraviti brojna usavršavanja i poboljšanja ovog izuma, te primijeniti poznate metode za njegovo bolje funkcioniranje, a bez napuštanja osnovnog principa i duha izuma. It will certainly be apparent to experts in the field of mechanics that numerous refinements and improvements can be made to this invention, and known methods can be applied for its better functioning, without abandoning the basic principle and spirit of the invention.

Način primjene izuma Method of application of the invention

Turbine pokretane u vodenim tokovima primjenjuju se prvenstveno kao pogonska snaga za vrtnju rotora generatora električne energije, odnosno za proizvodnju električne energije. Mogu i direktno pokretati uređaje koji koriste rotirajuću osovinu kao pogonsku snagu. Turbines driven in water flows are used primarily as driving power for rotating the rotor of electricity generators, i.e. for the production of electricity. They can also directly drive devices that use a rotating shaft as a driving force.

Turbine pokretane u vodenim tokovima mogu se koristiti i za pogon svih plovila na i u vodi. Kod ove primjene moguća je izvedba, za direktno pokretanje elise plovila, za punjenje električnih akumulatora, za pogon elektromotora za uređaje na plovilu, ili u kombinaciji više navedenih primjena. Kod ove primjene izuma, mora biti ispunjen uvjet da postoji razlika u brzini ili smjeru kretanja vode u odnosu na plovilo, a plovilo može i mirovati u odnosu na obalu. Pogodni smještaj modificiranih turbina pokretanih u prirodnim tokovima, je u sklopu pomične kobilice na plovilu, ili na donjem dijelu trupa plovila. Turbines powered by water currents can also be used to power all vessels on and in the water. With this application, it is possible to perform it for direct propulsion of the boat's propeller, for charging electric batteries, for driving electric motors for devices on the boat, or in a combination of the above mentioned applications. With this application of the invention, the condition must be met that there is a difference in the speed or direction of water movement in relation to the vessel, and the vessel can also be stationary in relation to the shore. A suitable location for modified turbines driven in natural currents is within the movable keel on the vessel, or on the lower part of the vessel's hull.

Popis upotrijebljenih pozivnih oznaka List of used call signs

1. prednja kompaktna pregrada, 1. front compact partition,

2. okomite bočne kompaktne pregrade, 2. vertical side compact partitions,

3. donja ploča, 3. lower panel,

4. plosnati nosači, 4. flat supports,

5. početni kanal vodenog mlaza, 5. initial water jet channel,

6. prekidi vodenih kanala, 6. interruptions of water channels,

7. drugi nastavak vodenog kanala, 7. the second continuation of the water channel,

8. treći nastavak vodenog kanala, 8. the third continuation of the water channel,

9. završni vodeni kanal, 9. final water channel,

10. turbina, 10. turbine,

11. osovina turbine, 11. turbine shaft,

12. zupčasti mjenjač, 12. toothed gearbox,

13. generator električne energije, 13. electricity generator,

14. difuzor, 14. diffuser,

15. nosači za horizontalno izravnanje, 15. supports for horizontal leveling,

16. zaštitna mreža, 16. protective net,

17. smjer vodenog toka, 17. water flow direction,

18. površina vodenog toka. 18. water flow surface.

Claims (3)

1. Turbine pokretane u vodenim tokovima, naznačene time da se pokreću pod djelovanjem ubrzanog vodenog mlaza, koji od prirodnog gibanja, ubrzava u konstrukciji načinjenoj od prednje kompaktne pregrade (1), dvije bočne kompaktne pregrade (2), donje ploče (3), u početni kanal vodenog mlaza (5), koji zahvaćeni vodeni tok u lijevku usmjeruje prema dnu vodotoka, gdje je tlak vode veći, a površina presjeka kanala kroz koji prolazi vodeni mlaz stalno se smanjuje, sa smanjenjem površine kroz koji prolazi, vodenom mlazu se povećava brzina, a na prekidima vodenog kanala (6) dodatno se povećava tlak vodenog mlaza, te se u idućim nastavcima kanala (7 i 8), postiže još veća brzina vodenog mlaza, koji u završnom vodenom kanalu (9) ili izvan njega, djeluje na lopatice turbina (10), a ubrzanje vodenog mlaza može se postići i u kompaktnom vodenom kanalu, čiji je početni otvor, u koji ulazi prirodni vodeni tok, površinski veći, od onog gdje taj vodeni mlaz izlazi, a kanal u svojim stjenkama ima otvore, preko kojih, na vodeni mlaz djeluje povećani tlak u dubini vodenog toka, i sprječava pojavu kavitacije, te ubrzani vodeni mlaz djeluje svojom brzinom na lopatice turbina (10), koje su preko osovina (11), ili, i zupčastih mjenjača (12), koji usklađuju smjer i broj okretaja osovina(11), spojene na rotor generatora električne energije (13).1. Turbines driven in water currents, indicated by the fact that they are driven under the action of an accelerated water jet, which, from natural motion, accelerates in a structure made of a front compact partition (1), two side compact partitions (2), lower plates (3), into the initial channel of the water jet (5), which directs the captured water flow in the funnel towards the bottom of the water stream, where the water pressure is higher, and the cross-sectional area of the channel through which the water jet passes is constantly decreasing, with the reduction of the area through which it passes, the water jet increases speed, and at the interruptions of the water channel (6), the pressure of the water jet increases additionally, and in the further continuations of the channels (7 and 8), an even higher speed of the water jet is achieved, which in the final water channel (9) or outside it, acts on turbine blades (10), and the acceleration of the water jet can also be achieved in a compact water channel, whose initial opening, into which the natural water flow enters, is larger in surface area than the one where that water jet exits, and the channel has openings in its walls, through which, the increased pressure in the depth of the water flow acts on the water jet, and prevents the occurrence of cavitation, and the accelerated water jet acts with its speed on the blades of the turbines (10), which are via the shafts (11), or gear gearboxes (12), which coordinate the direction and number of revolutions of the shafts (11), connected to the rotor of the electricity generator (13). 2. Turbine pokretane u vodenim tokovima prema zahtjevu 1, naznačene time da se početni lijevak (1, 2 i 3) koji zahvaća vodeni tok, dijeli na dva ili više kraka, na čijim krajevima ili izvan njih, ubrzani vodeni mlaz, djeluje na lopatice turbina (10), čije su osovine (11), suprotnih smjerova vrtnje, te se time poništava djelovanje okretnog momenta na nosivu podlogu (3), a difuzori (14), iza turbina (10), spajaju se u jedan, u kojem se poništava rotacija vode, koja se može postići i usmjeravanjem vodenog mlaza iza turbine (10) u jednom kanalu, u vodeni mlaz suprotne rotacije, iza turbine (10) u drugom kanalu, te se vodeni mlaz koji izlazi iz turbina može dalje iskoristiti za djelovanje u novom sistemu turbina pokretanih u vodenim tokovima.2. Turbines driven in water flows according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the initial funnel (1, 2 and 3) that captures the water flow is divided into two or more arms, at the ends of which or outside them, the accelerated water jet acts on the blades turbine (10), whose shafts (11) are in opposite directions of rotation, thus canceling the action of the torque on the bearing base (3), and the diffusers (14), behind the turbines (10), are combined into one, in which reverses the rotation of the water, which can be achieved by directing the water jet behind the turbine (10) in one channel, into the water jet of the opposite rotation, behind the turbine (10) in the other channel, and the water jet coming out of the turbines can be further used to act in a new system of turbines driven in water streams. 3. Turbine pokretane u vodenim tokovima prema zahtjevu 1 i 2, naznačene time da se pojedinačno proizvedeni elementi, pomoću plutajuće konstrukcije, spajaju na vodotoku, u jednu kompaktnu cjelinu, koja se zatim spušta na željenu dubinu vodotoka, a plutajuća konstrukcija služi i za ponovno dizanje cijelog sistema iz dubine vodotoka na površinu, te se može vršiti servisno održavanje ili premještanje na nove lokacije.3. Turbines driven in water streams according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the individually produced elements are connected to the water stream by means of a floating structure into one compact unit, which then descends to the desired depth of the water stream, and the floating structure is also used for raising the entire system from the depth of the watercourse to the surface, and service maintenance or relocation to new locations can be carried out.