GB976720A - Quaternary ammonium naphthenates as fuel additives - Google Patents

Abstract

Quaternary ammonium naphthenates of formula <FORM:0976720/C1/1> where R, R1, R2 and R3 are aliphatic hydrocarbo groups at least one of which contains at least 8 carbon atoms, and R4 is the acyl group of a naphthenic acid, may be prepared by reacting an alkali metal naphthenate with an appropriate quaternary ammonium halide. In an example, aqueous KOH, a naphthenic acid having an average M.V. of about 300, and dicoco dimethyl ammonium chloride are refluxed in benzene to obtain dicoco dimethyl ammonium naphthenate. The "coco" group is a mixture of straight chain C8- 18 alkyl groups (with about 5% octadecenyl), mainly C12 and C14 groups.ALSO:A petroleum distillate fuel composition contains 1-200 pounds, per thousand barrels of fuel, of a quaternary ammonium naphthenate of formula <FORM:0976720/C4-C5/1> where R, R1, R2 and R3 are aliphatic hydrocarbo groups at least one of which contains at least 8 carbon atoms, and R4 is the acyl group of a naphthenic acid. Suitable naphthenates include dicocodimethyl, dimethyl disoya and oleyl trimethyl ammonium naphthenates among others. Distillate fuels include gasoline, diesel fuels, jet fuels, heating fuels and fuel oils. Optional additives which may be present include silicones, dinitropropane, amyl nitrate, metal sulphonates, polymeric pour point depressants such as those known commercially as Paradyne HO10 and HO20, and, in the case of gasoline, TEL, 2,6-ditertiary-butyl p-cresol and N,N1 - disalicylidene - 1,2 - propane diamine.