GB905833A - Improvements in the treatment of filaments, films and other shaped articles of synthetic polymers - Google Patents
Improvements in the treatment of filaments, films and other shaped articles of synthetic polymersInfo
- Publication number
- GB905833A GB905833A GB28426/59A GB2842659A GB905833A GB 905833 A GB905833 A GB 905833A GB 28426/59 A GB28426/59 A GB 28426/59A GB 2842659 A GB2842659 A GB 2842659A GB 905833 A GB905833 A GB 905833A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- agent
- dye
- modifier
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
- D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
- D02J1/228—Stretching in two or more steps, with or without intermediate steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
- D01D5/16—Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/20—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with varying denier along their length
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
- D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
- D02J1/223—Stretching in a liquid bath
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/08—Fibrillating cellular materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/47—Processes of splitting film, webs or sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
- Y10S8/18—Grafting textile fibers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
- Y10S8/21—Nylon
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
Abstract
Filaments, films &c., having an oriented structure, consisting of a polyester, a polyamide, a polyimide, a polyurea, a polyurethane or a polyhydrocarbon, and being of uniform cross-section except for the presence of randomly distributed short-length regions, transverse to the axis of orientation, which are of smaller cross-section, and which occur with a frequency of at least 10 per inch, and preferably 500 to 20,000 per inch, and have distributed therein a "modifier", such as a dye or other colouring material, are produced by drawing unoriented or incompletely oriented filaments &c. while they are in contact with a "surface-crack-promoting agent" which either is or contains a modifier, the conditions of drawing being such that the desired oriented structure is obtained. The "SCPA" should not be a solvent or strong swelling agent for the polymer, and should preferably be a liquid, but may be a gas. The agent preferably has a surface tension measured relative to air not greater than 60 dynes per cm. at the treating temperature and is preferably non-aqueous, water itself being unsatisfactory. The cracking solution preferably contains at least 10%, and more especially 25% by weight of a non-aqueous organic liquid. The agent preferably has a wetting angle of less than 90 degrees and especially as low as 30 degrees. The modifier is preferably soluble in the agent. The modifier may be a lubricant such as a silicone oil, 2-ethoxy acrylate or ethyl acrylate. It may be a flame-proofing or retarding agent, such as bis(chloroethyl) vinyl phosphate or phylic acid. The modifier or additive may be an inorganic salt such as silver nitrate or potassium dichromate, a colloid such as colloidal carbon black, a wetting agent or hydrophobic agent, an anti-soil or anti-static additive, an adhesive or bonding agent, especially for rubber, a mixture of different dyes of different or the same type, or of a dyestuff, an anti-static additive and an ultra-violet light absorber. A reactive modifier may be introduced into the filaments &c. and subsequently or simultaneously reacted with another material, e.g. a dye mordant or dye assistant may first be introduced into the filaments which are subsequently treated with a dye. Numerous other types of modifiers are specified and examples are given of the treatment according to the invention of undrawn filaments of polyethylene terephthalate, nylon 66, poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), polypropylene and a polyurethane derived from ethylene bischloroformate and piperazine. The "cracking agents" used in the examples include purified kerosine, ethanol containing a dye, mixtures of ethanol and water containing a dye, a 5% ethanol solution of acrylic acid, mixtures of acetone and water and mixtures of acetic acid and water. A description is given of a simple test for determining whether a given liquid is a suitable "cracking agent" for filaments of a specific polymer. The drawing of the filaments is preferably carried out below 30 DEG C. The process renders it possible to cause dyes to penetrate very deeply into filaments even when there is no chemical affinity between the dye and the filament polymer. A mixture of an addition polymer and a compatible monomer of low molecular weight may be used in the spinning process and during the drawing process of the invention the monomer can be activated for further addition polymerization by imbibing a catalyst into the polymeric filament or film. Grafted copolymer filaments &c. may be obtained by infusing the filaments &c. with a graftable additive during drawing and the latter then caused to graft on the polymer chain by thermal, chemical or other initiation. Specification 608,332, Belgium Specification 546,815 and U.S.A. Specification 2,278,888 are referred to.ALSO:Filaments, films &c., having an oriented structure, consisting of a polyester, a polyamide, a polyimide, a polyurea, a polyurethane or a polyhydrocarbon, and being of uniform cross-section except for the presence of randomly distributed short-length regions, transverse to the axis of orientation, which are of smaller cross-section, and which occur with a frequency of at least 10 per inch, and preferably 500 to 20,000 per inch, and have distributed therein a "modifier", such as a dye or other colouring material, are produced by drawing unoriented or incompletely oriented filaments &c. while they are in contact with a "surface-crack-promoting agent" which either is or contains a modifier, the conditions of drawing being such that the desired oriented structure is obtained. The "SCPA" should not be a solvent or strong swelling agent for the polymer, and should preferably be a liquid, but may be a gas. The agent preferably has a surface tension measured relative to air not greater than 60 dynes per cm. at the treating temperature and is preferably non-aqueous, water itself being unsatisfactory. The cracking solution preferably contains at least 10%, and more especially 25% by weight of a non-aqueous organic liquid. The agent preferably has a wetting angle of less than 90 degrees and especially as low as 30 degrees. The modifier is preferably soluble in the agent. The modifier may be a lubricant such as a silicone oil, 2-ethoxy acrylate or ethyl acrylate. It may be a flame-proofing or retarding agent, such as bis(chloroethyl) vinyl phosphate or phylic acid. The modifier or additive may be an inorganic salt such as silver nitrate or potassium dichromate, a colloid such as colloidal carbon black, a wetting agent or hydrophobic agent, an anti-soil or anti-static additive, an adhesive or bonding agent, especially for rubber, a mixture of different dyes of different or the same type, or of a dyestuff, an anti-static additive and an ultraviolet light absorber. A reactive modifier may be introduced into the filaments &c. and subsequently or simultaneously reacted with another material, e.g. a dye mordant or dye assistant may first be introduced into the filaments which are subsequently treated with a dye. Numerous other types of modifiers are specified and examples are given of the treatment according to the invention of undrawn filaments of polyethylene terephthalate, nylon 66, poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide), polypropylene and a polyurethane derived from ethylene bischloroformate and piperazine. The "cracking agents" used in the examples include purified kerosine, ethanol containing dye, mixtures of ethanol and water containing a dye, a 5% ethanol solution of acrylic acid, mixtures of acetone and water and mixtures of acetic acid and water. A description is given of a simple test for determining whether a given liquid is a suitable "cracking agent" for filaments of a specific polymer. The drawing of the filaments is preferably carried out below 30 DEG C. The process renders it possible to cause dyes to penetrate very deeply into filaments even when there is no chemical affinity p between the dye and the filament polymer. Specification 608,332, Belgian Specification 546,815 and U.S.A. Specification 2,278,888 are referred to.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US757370A US3102323A (en) | 1958-08-26 | 1958-08-26 | Textile |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB905833A true GB905833A (en) | 1962-09-12 |
Family
ID=25047567
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB28426/59A Expired GB905833A (en) | 1958-08-26 | 1959-08-19 | Improvements in the treatment of filaments, films and other shaped articles of synthetic polymers |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3102323A (en) |
CH (1) | CH395418A (en) |
FR (1) | FR1236688A (en) |
GB (1) | GB905833A (en) |
NL (1) | NL242714A (en) |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3329557A (en) * | 1955-04-06 | 1967-07-04 | Du Pont | Static resistant filament and process therefor |
NL246911A (en) * | 1958-03-06 | |||
US3215486A (en) * | 1962-04-17 | 1965-11-02 | Toyo Spinning Co Ltd | Fixation of polypropylene fibers impregnated with dyestuffs and other treating agents |
US3247300A (en) * | 1962-10-25 | 1966-04-19 | Du Pont | Process for producing highly crimped fibers having modified surfaces |
US3472608A (en) * | 1962-11-23 | 1969-10-14 | Ici Ltd | Polyester filaments and like structures |
US3214234A (en) * | 1963-05-21 | 1965-10-26 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Oriented foamed polyolefin extrudates and the production and dyeing of the same |
US3446886A (en) * | 1963-12-04 | 1969-05-27 | Du Pont | Process for treating linear polyesters to modify the surface appearance and characteristics thereof |
US3439999A (en) * | 1964-09-28 | 1969-04-22 | Uniroyal Inc | Cross-dyed carpets |
US3494994A (en) * | 1966-10-11 | 1970-02-10 | Kuraray Co | Method of producing polyurethane elastomer staple fibre |
FR1584493A (en) * | 1968-03-18 | 1969-12-26 | Rhodiaceta | |
US3920785A (en) * | 1969-11-13 | 1975-11-18 | Celanese Corp | Process for increasing the porosity of opencelled microporous film |
US3957936A (en) * | 1971-07-22 | 1976-05-18 | Raduner & Co., Ag | High temperature process for modifying thermoplastic filamentous material |
US3899563A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1975-08-12 | Allied Chem | Synthetic fibers having improved soil and stain repellency |
US3888821A (en) * | 1972-11-02 | 1975-06-10 | Du Pont | Aromatic polyamide fibers containing ultraviolet light screeners |
US4001367A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1977-01-04 | M & T Chemicals Inc. | Method for permanently and uniformly incorporating an additive into an undrawn fiber |
CA1051616A (en) * | 1972-11-27 | 1979-04-03 | Stanley Littman | Treated thermoplastic organic polymer fibers and method for preparing same |
AU6198373A (en) * | 1972-11-27 | 1975-05-01 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Improving fibre properties |
US4050892A (en) * | 1973-09-13 | 1977-09-27 | Martin Processing Co., Inc. | Coloring polyester materials with acid dyes |
US4013753A (en) * | 1973-10-09 | 1977-03-22 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of spontaneously crimping polyacrylonitrile composite fibres with improved crimp properties |
DE2400317A1 (en) * | 1974-01-04 | 1975-07-24 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PILLAR FIBER PRODUCTS FROM POLYESTERS |
US3903221A (en) * | 1974-05-08 | 1975-09-02 | Du Pont | Process and product |
US4147749A (en) * | 1975-08-14 | 1979-04-03 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Varied orientation of fibers |
US4495126A (en) * | 1982-12-02 | 1985-01-22 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Adhesive activated emulsion to a polyester yarn |
EP0568912B1 (en) * | 1992-05-07 | 1996-11-13 | Teijin Limited | Aromatic polyamide filament having an enhanced weathering resistance |
US5443898A (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-08-22 | Fiberweb North America, Inc. | Nonwoven webs and method of making same |
WO1995009257A1 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-06 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Improved imbibition process and products |
EP3135464B1 (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2018-10-03 | Okia Optical Company Limited | Method of making eyewear by 3d printing |
US20170057159A1 (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-03-02 | Okia Optical Co., Ltd. | Method of making eyewear by 3d printing |
EP3812489A1 (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-28 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Roller surface used in lyocell filament production |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2071251A (en) * | 1931-07-03 | 1937-02-16 | Du Pont | Fiber and method of producing it |
US2137235A (en) * | 1937-02-15 | 1938-11-22 | Du Pont | Shaped articles from polymeric materials |
NL53445C (en) * | 1938-11-02 | |||
NL62057C (en) * | 1939-02-25 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US2289232A (en) * | 1939-07-14 | 1942-07-07 | Du Pont | Method and apparatus for producing filamentary structures |
US2353023A (en) * | 1940-08-06 | 1944-07-04 | Freund Ernest | Process for the treatment of cellulose acetate films |
US2321635A (en) * | 1940-11-26 | 1943-06-15 | Du Pont | Treatment of polyamide films |
US2352725A (en) * | 1941-11-04 | 1944-07-04 | Du Pont | Shaped product |
US2423182A (en) * | 1943-04-29 | 1947-07-01 | Du Pont | Method of cold-drawing tapered filaments |
US2514088A (en) * | 1948-07-23 | 1950-07-04 | Plax Corp | Heat-treatment for plastic articles |
US2674025A (en) * | 1949-08-15 | 1954-04-06 | Texiclon Corp | Polymeric filaments |
US2612679A (en) * | 1950-10-23 | 1952-10-07 | Ladisch Rolf Karl | Filaments containing fillers |
US2767435A (en) * | 1952-06-05 | 1956-10-23 | Du Pont | Process for longitudinally stretching polymeric film |
US2736946A (en) * | 1952-07-03 | 1956-03-06 | Dow Chemical Co | Polyacrylonitrile fibers having a scaly integument |
-
0
- NL NL242714D patent/NL242714A/xx unknown
-
1958
- 1958-08-26 US US757370A patent/US3102323A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1959
- 1959-08-19 GB GB28426/59A patent/GB905833A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-08-22 FR FR803349A patent/FR1236688A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-10-01 CH CH7741059A patent/CH395418A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH7741059A4 (en) | 1965-12-31 |
FR1236688A (en) | 1960-07-22 |
US3102323A (en) | 1963-09-03 |
CH395418A (en) | 1965-12-31 |
NL242714A (en) |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
GB905833A (en) | Improvements in the treatment of filaments, films and other shaped articles of synthetic polymers | |
US3115418A (en) | Process of producing graft polymers and resultant graft polymer | |
US3983095A (en) | Absorbent fibers and process for their preparation | |
US2662875A (en) | Terpolymers of acrylonitrile and allyl amines | |
US2914376A (en) | Spinning of fibers and films from particulate dispersions | |
US3322661A (en) | Graft copolymerization of a vinyl monomer onto a polyolefin with irradiation in the presence of oxygen and a reducing agent | |
US2764570A (en) | Copolymers of acrylonitrile with dicarboxylic acid hydrazides | |
US3765829A (en) | Colourable polyolefin compositions | |
GB840797A (en) | Improvements in or relating to new synthetic fibres, filaments and other shaped articles | |
Plessier et al. | Modification of polypropylene fiber by radiation‐induced graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile monomer | |
US2973241A (en) | Method for producing high crystalline 1-olefin polymers of decreased flammability by treatment with nitric acid and resulting products | |
US3720321A (en) | Radiation crosslinked, swelled semipermeable membranes | |
US2688010A (en) | Polymers of acrylonitrile and nu-substituted amides | |
GB934742A (en) | Improvements in or relating to hydrocarbon copolymers | |
CN1394213A (en) | Irradiation process for making olefin graft copolymers with low molecular weight side chains | |
US3752868A (en) | Method for producing dyeable polyolefin | |
US2563662A (en) | Treatment of polymers containing cyano groups with amines and hydrogen sulfide | |
US3127233A (en) | Cross referenci | |
US2635092A (en) | Copolymers of acrylonitrile and an allyl or methallyl ester of a monohalogen substituted, saturated, aliphatic, monocarboxylic acid | |
US3669916A (en) | A solution of a graft copolymer of cellulose | |
US3936513A (en) | Gloss-stabilised fibres and films of acrylonitrile copolymers | |
US3284541A (en) | Compositions comprising graft copolymers on polyolefin substrates of one or more monomers of the group of sulfonated acrylates and methacrylates | |
US3656884A (en) | Process for the preparation of grafted solid materials of water-affinitive polymers | |
US2563640A (en) | Chemical aftertreatment of high polymers containing cyano groups using ammonia and a hydrosulfide | |
KR0154419B1 (en) | Manufacturing method of polyolefin |