GB761378A - The incorporation of inorganic materials into fuel oils - Google Patents

Abstract

A dispersion of a substantially dry solid inorganic material in a high ash residual fuel oil (i.e. a fuel oil having an ash content of at least 0.005 per cent by weight and a viscosity of at least 35 seconds Redwood I at 100 DEG F. and consisting of or containing a residual petroleum oil) is prepared by mixing the inorganic material with the fuel oil in the presence of an oil-soluble surface-active agent and mechanically working the mixture until it is substantially homogenous. The inorganic material may be naturally-occurring or synthetic, for example silicon, ferrosilicon, inorganic oxides, hydroxides or carbides, metallic carbonates, silicates, sulphides, aluminates, sulphates, silicides or zeolites, kieselguhr, talc, asbestine, bentonite, kaolinite or montmorillonite, or mixtures of these. The surface-active agent may be cationic, ionic or non-ionic, e.g. high molecular weight amines especially quaternary ammonium compounds, alkylamines, alkylated heterocyclic bases, partial amides of alkylene diamines, complex polyamines, free carboxylic and sulphonic acids and salts thereof, non-ionic hydroxy compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds and polyoxyalkylated product of some of these materials; numerous examples of each type are given. The high ash residual fuel oil may consist of a mixture of residual petroleum oil with other liquid fuels such as distilled or cracked hydrocarbon fuel oils. On combustion, the high ash residual fuel oil may form an ash containing a major proportion of vanadium and/or sodium compounds. Fuel oil concentrates containing 1-70 per cent of the inorganic material may be prepared and subsequently diluted with additional fuel oil to obtain fuels for use in gas turbines or furnaces. In the examples, fuel oil compositions are prepared from high ash petroleum residual fuel oil and (i) silica, asbestine or magnesium carbonate using aluminium stearate as the surface-active agent or (ii) asbestine using sodium sulpho di-iso-octyl succinate as the surface-active agent. Specification 745,012 is referred to.