GB595759A - Improvements in or relating to the production of useful articles from coal - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to the production of useful articles from coalInfo
- Publication number
- GB595759A GB595759A GB21513/44A GB2151344A GB595759A GB 595759 A GB595759 A GB 595759A GB 21513/44 A GB21513/44 A GB 21513/44A GB 2151344 A GB2151344 A GB 2151344A GB 595759 A GB595759 A GB 595759A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- firing
- coal
- atmosphere
- per cent
- agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 13
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title abstract 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 7
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 abstract 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trolnitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCN(CCO[N+]([O-])=O)CCO[N+]([O-])=O HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010427 ball clay Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- -1 e.g. Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002522 swelling Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004523 agglutinating Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003850 cellular structures Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005519 non-carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006253 pitch coke Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Moulded products are made from bituminous coal by firing to a temperature above 550 DEG C. under non-oxidizing conditions a moulded intimate mixture of finely-powdered coal having a swelling number, as determined by B.S. 1016, of 2-10 and preferably 6-10 with a finely-divided solid agent which inhibits swelling during heating and which does not melt during firing. The product is not swollen, has a greater density than the coal used, no cellular structure visible to the naked eye, is not affected by boiling toluene or aniline, a tensile strength above 3,000 lbs. per square inch, a modulus of rupture above 5000 lbs. per square inch, and a porosity in methyl alcohol not above 15 per cent. is not affected by heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere up to 2600 DEG C., and may have good electrical conductivity. The coal is preferably a bituminous variety having 13-30 per cent., and perferably 22-28 per cent. volatile matter calculated on a dry ash-free basis, and a carbon content of 80-90 per cent. The swell-inhibiting agent may be a carbonaceous material, e.g., pitch coke, a weakly-coking or non-coking coal, cuprene, or, if a product of good electrical properties is required, graphite, or a non-carbonaceous material such as silica, silicates, alumina, magnesia, metals or their oxides or salts, silicon, ball clay, bentonite or similar argillaceous material, or, for a product resistant to high temperatures, zirconia. Between 5 and 30 per cent. by weight of the agent may be included, but allowance should be made when a coal having a high non-bituminous content is employed. The constituents are ground so that over 95 per cent. passes a 200 B.S. sieve, and preferably 60 per cent. are smaller than 10 microns. Thorough mixing of the ingredients is essential. Moulding may be effected without the use of a bonding-agent by simple pressing at 1/2 to 10 tons per square inch for 10-15 p seconds normally at atmospheric temperature, extrusion, slip casting, or other process. The non-oxidizing firing atmosphere may be obtained by packing the moulded article in a mass of powdered material which evolves non-oxidizing gases, e.g., a coal of high volatile content and low caking capacity such as Warwickshire brights. Alternatively, an atmosphere of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, coal gas (from which any oxidizing gas has been removed), or hydrocarbon vapours may be maintained in the furnace, the article being placed on a support of fine loose granular material such as sand or charcoal. When a hydrogen or hydrogen-containing atmosphere is used the minimum amount possible should be used in order to avoid any hydrogenation of the coal constituents resulting in the reduction of the elementary carbon normally deposited in the pores of the article. Preferably the atmosphere contains an unsaturated hydrocarbon such as ethylene or other olefine, or a readily-cracked hydrocarbon such as benzene, particularly when a coal of low volatile content and agglutinating property is used. Firing is carried out at above 550 DEG C. and preferably above 700 DEG C. Firing should be sufficiently slow between 300 and 500 DEG C. to avoid intumescence, but may be speeded up later. Increased strength and electrical conductivity result from firing up to 1500 DEG C. When an atmosphere of ethylene is used, firing up to 450 DEG C. may be effected in a cheaper non-oxidizing atmosphere so as to avoid contamination of the ethylene which can then be recycled, and also to produce satisfactory deposition of carbon in the pores of the article. The products may be electroplated or glazed; in the latter case, the swell-inhibiting agent may be of such a nature as to ensure the product will take the glass, and the product may be treated with a wetting-agent. Certain of the Provisional Specifications describe (a) an experimental procedure for determining the correct amounts of the ingredients and firing temperatures; (b) a pore-filling treatment similar to that described in Specification 593,079, or in which a liquid monomer of a polymerizable organic compound is filled into the pores and subsequently polymerized; (c) the use of boron or germanium or their compounds other than the saturated oxides, chlorides or fluorides as swell-inhibiting agents; (d) the swell-inhibiting agent in liquid or gaseous state, in which latter case it is introduced into the firing atmosphere; (e) the use of throwing, jolleying and jiggering processes for moulding the article when bentonite or ball-clay is used as the swell-inhibiting agent; (f) drying of the moulded article before firing when a wet-moulding process has been employed, to avoid cracking during firing; and (g) the introduction of acetylene into the firing-atmosphere. Specifications 561,498, 561,546, 595,760 and 595,763 also are referred to.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE467198D BE467198A (en) | 1944-11-02 | ||
US622934A US2461365A (en) | 1944-11-02 | 1945-10-17 | Production of shaped and carbonized articles from coal |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB595759A true GB595759A (en) | 1947-12-16 |
Family
ID=1736252
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB21513/44A Expired GB595759A (en) | 1944-11-02 | 1944-11-02 | Improvements in or relating to the production of useful articles from coal |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB595759A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE967066C (en) * | 1953-11-03 | 1957-09-26 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | Process for improving tar-like binders for the production of charcoal bodies |
DE1018852B (en) * | 1953-08-20 | 1957-11-07 | Heinrich Macura Dr Ing | Method and device for graphitizing decomposition residues of carbonaceous substances, in particular electrode coke |
DE969036C (en) * | 1948-05-28 | 1958-04-24 | Great Lakes Carbon Corp | Process for making electrodes |
DE1202702B (en) * | 1959-11-20 | 1965-10-07 | Secr Aviation | Process for the manufacture of tight objects from carbon |
DE1203657B (en) * | 1959-11-20 | 1965-10-21 | Secr Aviation | Process for the production of shaped carbon articles of high density |
DE1209478B (en) * | 1952-10-15 | 1966-01-20 | Lonza Werke Elektrochemische F | Carbon electrode for electrothermal processes |
DE1696715B1 (en) * | 1962-05-22 | 1970-06-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Process for the production of dense carbon bodies |
EP0118232A1 (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1984-09-12 | Development Finance Corporation Of New Zealand | Methods of manufacturing dense high quality carbon products |
CN115246737A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-10-28 | 中钢集团南京新材料研究院有限公司 | Roasting method for preparing isostatic pressing graphite product and product thereof |
CN116496085A (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-07-28 | 广西强强碳素股份有限公司 | Preparation method of prebaked anode for electrolysis of semi-graphite aluminum |
-
1944
- 1944-11-02 GB GB21513/44A patent/GB595759A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE969036C (en) * | 1948-05-28 | 1958-04-24 | Great Lakes Carbon Corp | Process for making electrodes |
DE1209478B (en) * | 1952-10-15 | 1966-01-20 | Lonza Werke Elektrochemische F | Carbon electrode for electrothermal processes |
DE1018852B (en) * | 1953-08-20 | 1957-11-07 | Heinrich Macura Dr Ing | Method and device for graphitizing decomposition residues of carbonaceous substances, in particular electrode coke |
DE967066C (en) * | 1953-11-03 | 1957-09-26 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | Process for improving tar-like binders for the production of charcoal bodies |
DE1202702B (en) * | 1959-11-20 | 1965-10-07 | Secr Aviation | Process for the manufacture of tight objects from carbon |
DE1203657B (en) * | 1959-11-20 | 1965-10-21 | Secr Aviation | Process for the production of shaped carbon articles of high density |
DE1696715B1 (en) * | 1962-05-22 | 1970-06-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Process for the production of dense carbon bodies |
EP0118232A1 (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1984-09-12 | Development Finance Corporation Of New Zealand | Methods of manufacturing dense high quality carbon products |
CN115246737A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-10-28 | 中钢集团南京新材料研究院有限公司 | Roasting method for preparing isostatic pressing graphite product and product thereof |
CN116496085A (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-07-28 | 广西强强碳素股份有限公司 | Preparation method of prebaked anode for electrolysis of semi-graphite aluminum |
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