GB2621659A - PWM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption - Google Patents
PWM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/50—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract
A pulse width modulation sliding mode control method for wireless power transfer based on Gaussian adaption includes designing a Gaussian adaption function for each of control parameters λ1/λ2 and λ3/λ2 for dynamically adjusting the controller parameters during operation of a wireless power transfer system, receiving data from the wireless power transfer system and predicting a magnitude relation between subsequent n control signals Vc and a ramp signal Vr by a controller, updating the controller parameters under a condition that a sliding mode existence condition is satisfied and outputting, by a comparator a grid pulse u to control an action of a switch transistor
Description
PWM dIEDI NC II ME a NTROL, ME" OD BASED ON GAUSSIAN ADAPTION
rEctimcm, FIELD
10001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of wireless power transfer, in particular to a pulse-width modulation (PWM) sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption.
BACKC ROUND
100021 Wireless power transfer (WRIT), an emerging energy transmissicin method the advantages of flexibility, high security and mobility, and has been widely used in underwater applications, irnplantable medical devices and Internet of Things devices. The combination scheme of direct current-direct current (DC-DC) circuits and. controller is often used in wireless power transfer system to realize voltage management on the secondary side. The control methods mainly include proportional-integral-derivative (PM) control, sliding mode control (SMC) based on hysteresis modulation, etc. HD control is a linear controller that does not rely on the system model and only adjusts the controller output based on the deviation between the expected value and measured valued, and there are only three adjustable parameters.
10003] However, for nonlinear WPT system, the precision of RID control will decline. Sliding mode control, a type of nonlinear controller, is insensitive to disturbance and high. in robustness.
Theoretically, higher operation frequency of the system will result in better working states of sliding mode control. But for buck circuits, high switching frequency can cause significant switchirw loss, and electromagnetic interference cannot be ignored. SMC based on hysteresis modulation introduces hysteresis band to limit the switching frequency, but when the input voltage or load changes, the switchine, frequency will also change, which, makes it difficult to select devices.
10004] In view of this, it is necessary to improve the controller for optimizing the performance of the wireless power transfer system.
SUMMARY
10005] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a PWM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption for solving problems in the background art.
100061 According to a technical solution of the present disclosure, a PWAI sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption includes: 10007] Si, designing a Gaussian adaption function for each of controller parameters and for dynamically adjusting the controller parameters during operation of a wireless power transfer system; 100081 S2,, receiving, by a controller, data from the wjreless power transfer system, and predicting a magnitude relation between subsequent n control signals c and a ramp signal Vr, where a sliding mode existence condition to he satisfied is as follows < vi; 100091 53, re-executing S2 and keeping last values of the controller parameters under a condition that vs < is not satisfied, and updating the controller parameters under a condition that the sliding mode existence condition is satisfied; and 100101 54, outputting, by a comparator, a grid pulse uto control an action of a switch transistor.
100111 Preferably, tie Gaussian function iced in SI 1q s iown as a formtila below: [00121 -(k1 -, ) 4.6-5,)2/2c2 [0013] where ti represents an input into the Gaussian function, k1represents a boundary Limit when Q tends towards infinity, ko represents a boundary limit wherr is 0, fri and 1-c.0 jointly determine an opening direction of the Gaussian function; c determines a concave-convex degree of a curve, and b represents coordinates of a peak center of the curve. 10014] Preferably, in S2, the sliding mode existence condition and the magnitude relation between the control signal p signal are as follows.
xif) (2).
100.115] S= Xj+ A, X2 ± \ X R0161 where X 2 3represents a sliding mode surrace, represents a first-order ditTeren of s,X1 =Vrer Vont represents a difference between a reference voltage and an output voltage Kii*, = represents a derivative of)(1 with respect to time, and x3= fx1dt represents an integral of and.3, and represent sliding mode coefficients; and 0< j1 =- 1 +(3) 100171 A, 100181 where L5 represents an inductor in a Buck circuit, Cs represents a capacitor in the Buck circuit, represents a current flowing through the capacitor Cs-Reis represents a load:, and represents an input voltage of the Buck circuit.
[00191 Preferably, based on 51 and 52, when vc. < yr., the controller parameters are obtained as follows: f( h2, +1)=k1-(k1ik0)c(' +14W12o (4) [00201 Preferably, the wireless power transfer system includes a coupling system, a rectifier circuit and the Buck circuit, the coupling system is connected to the Buck circuit through the circuit, the coupling system implements contactless transfer of energy, the rectifier circuit converts an alternating current (AC) signal into a direct cuirent (DC) signal, and the Buck circuit" manages the output voltage 100211 Preferably: the coupling system includes on AC voltage source vhaving a frequency f of 2 MHz, an internal power supply resistor Rs,a transmit inductor, two resonant inductors k' and H a receive inductor L, four resonant capacitors Gi-C,s, and three parasitic resistors R2 -R4 100221 Preferably, the rectifier circuit includes a fuihbridge rectifierand a filter capacitor Cs 100231 Preferably, the Buck circuit includes an inductor Ls, a capacitor C5 a freewheeidiode 1)2 and an output resistor K:1=L 10024] Preferably, of IC= and K.4 respectively.
10025] Compared with that prior the these-4 disclosure has the improvements and advantages by improving the PWM sliding node control method based on Gaussian adoption as follows: 100261 Firstly, the present disclosure uses a constant-frequency sliding mode control solution, the situation of an uncertain switching frequency may he avoided, selection of an electronic device and switching loss reduction are facilitated, and switching loss is reduced; and a PWM mode is used to implement constant-frequency sliding mode control, no additional hardware circuit is required, and hardware cost is reduced.
100271 Secondly, according to the present disclosure, the PWINI sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaphon is used, the controller parameters may be dynamically adjusted during the operation of the system, such that the wireless power transfer system may obtain shorter voltage tracking time, a smaller steady-state error and a smaller ripple voltage.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
100281 The present disclosure will be described in detail below with ference to accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments 100291 FIG. I is a flow block diagram of a PWNI sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption according to the present disclosure; and 100301 1F11(1.12 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a wireless power transfer sysLcrn according to the present di sclosLITO
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ENIBODIMENTS
10031] The present disclosure will be described in detail below, and technical solutions of embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below. KA=
and 2, and the two Gaussian are inputs Apparently, the described embodinients are merely some embodiments rather than all embodiments of the present disclosure. All the other embodiments derived by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without creative etTorts shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
1:0032) According to the present disclosure, a pulse-width modulation 0)W-M, sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adoption is improved. The technical solution of the present disclosure is as follows: 100331 The.PWM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption includes: 100341 Si, a Gaussian adaption function is designed for each of controller parameters 1.k and 2 for dynamically adjusting the controller parameters during operation of a wireless power transfer system, and the Gaussian function used is shown as a formula below: j?*65)=A-.3 -(16-In2 [0035] Jr (r) 10036] where 5 represents an input into the Gaussian function, ki represents a boundary Limit when tends towards infinity, represents a boundary limit when 8 is 0, 1C.1 and ko ointly determine an opening direction of the Gaussian function, c determines a concave-convex degree of a curve (the Gaussian function is a smooth function, a derivative thereof is also smooth, the function has an upper bound and a lower bound, and the concave-convex degree of the curve is adjustable. A smoothness feature of the curve makes the controller parameters not change sharply, and an output voltage curve of the wireless power transfer system is smooth, and has an upper bound and a lower bound; the controller parameters may be limited, and a concave-convex degree may change a changing speed of the controller parameters), and h represents coordinates of a peak center of the curve; [NM S2, data are received from the wireless power transfer system, and a magnitude relation between subsequent n control signals vr and a ramp signal vr is predicted by a controller, where a sliding mode existence condition to be satisfied is as follows r < and when yr. < V the controller parameters are obtained as follows: 8 +1)=1(1(k, -1-(0)e-(6 Jci-bY2/2°2(4).
[0038] the sliding mode existence condition and the magnitude relation between the control signal and the ramp signal are as follows: Tim s < 10039i -')-C) (2) A X + 2+ A X3 100401 wh -1ere - 3 represents a first-order differential of s, reference voltage VrEt and an output voltage X l Tref represents a sliding ode surface, Voir-represents a difference between a X2= <It represents a derivative of)(11 with respect to time, and x3= f 'Cl t represents an inte ral of, and " and represent sliding mode coefficients, and Z, 1 0 < v. = -i,s(-- ye. + t, C =.) (17.... 7 -17 Cu 100411:i R: ., $ A., [ kr 02 [0042] where Ls represents an inductor in a Buck circuit, Buck circuit,*c represents a current flowing through the capacitor Cs, Rout represents a load, and Kn represents an input voltage of the Buck circuit 100431 S3, S2 is re-executed and last values of the controller kept under a condition that < yr. is not satisfied, and the controller parameters are updated under a condition that the sliding mode existence condition is satisfied; and 10044] S4, a comparator outputs a grid pulse to control an action of a switch transistor.
100451 As shown in FIG. 2, the wireless power transfer system includes a coupling system, a rectifier circuit and the Buck circuit; the coupling system is connected to the Buck circuit through the rectifier circuit, the coupling system implements contactless transfer of energy, the rectifier circuit converts an alternating current (AC) signal into a direct current (DC) signal, and the Buck circuit manages the output voltage.
100461 Specifically, the coupling system includes an AC voltage sourcehaving a frequency f of 2 MHz, an internal power supply resistor Rs, a transmit inductor LI, two resonant inductors 1'2 and L3, a receive inductor L4 four resonant capacitors C1-C4, and three parasitic,'resistors R2-114. The rectifier circuit includes a 11tH-bridge rectifier DI and a filter capacitor C5. The Buck circuit includes an inductor Ls, a capacitor Cs, a freewheel diode 02 and an output resistor kill [0047] As shown in, the above PWM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption is applied to the above wireless power transfer system, where S represents an input into the Gaussian function, v, represents a ramp signal with an amplitude of in s, the two Gaussian functions are inputs of Kt and K2 ) Routes and respectively.
100481 The control method applies a specific adaption rule to a traditional PWM sliding mode controller through the Gaussian function. In this case, the controller parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the Gaussian function. In the wireless power transfer system, a direct current-direct current (DC-DC) circuit is used as an output voltage management stage, and an input voltage thereof changes over time, resulting in that static controller parameters may not achieve the optimal performance of the system When an adaption control solution is designed:, dynamic changes of the controller parameters shall sag sfy the sliding mode existence condition. A method based on predictive comparison is used to first predict values of future n control C. represents a capacitor in the signals and -then compare the control signals with the ramp signaL to decide whether to update the controller parameters. According to the control solution, the wireless power transfer system obtains shorter tracking time, a smaller steady-state error and a smal Icr ripple voltage.
100491 Through the above description, those skilled in the art can implement or use the present disclosure, Many modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure, Therefore, the present disclosure will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, hut shall cover the widest scope consistent with principles and novel features disclosed herein
Claims (1)
- WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: I. A pulse-width modulation (PW) sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adapti on, comprising: x " designing a Gaussian.daption function tbr each of controller parameters 1-2 and 2' 2, for dynamically adjusting the controller parameters during operation of a wireless power transfer system; S2, receiving; by a controller, data from the wireless power transfer system, and predicting a magnitude relation between subsequent n control signals v.:L and a ramp siwial vr. , wherein a sliding mode existence condition to be satisfied is as follows Vc < 7it; re-executing S2 and keeping last values of the controller parameters under a condition that Vc < ,vr is not satisfied, and updating the controller parameters under a condition that the sliding mode existence condition is satisfied; and 521, outputting, by a comparator, a grid pulse U to control an action of a switch transistor 2 The IPWM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption according to claim 1, wherein the Gaussian function used in St is shown as a formula below: -( -°-/1 k 1 - 1272r2(1)* wherein represents an input into the Gaussian function, ki represents a boundary Limit when 6 tends towards infinity. kg represents a boundary limit when 6 is 0., kl and 1(.0 jointly determine an opening direction of the Gaussian function, c determines a concave-convex degree of a curve, and b represents coordinates of a peak center of the curve.3. The PWM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption according to el wherein in S2, the sliding mode existence condition and the magnitude relation between control signal and the ramp signal are as follows: Urn <0 X)4). (2) wherein first-order differential of s, Vref and an output voltage x3=Jxjdt represents an coefficients; and 0 x-z. v. = -L represents a sliding mode surface represents a xt=Vret Vout. represents a difference between a reference voltage It represents a derivative of xi with respect to time, and integral of)(i-1 and x12 and t represent sliding mode wheren s represents an inductor in a Buck e cuit, represents a capacitor in the Buck represents a current fowrng through the capacltorrepresents a Load., and Via SCI an input voltage of the Buck circuit.4. The PWM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adoption according to claim 3, wherein based on Si and S2, when vs < 'Tr, the controller parameters are obtained as follows: ff: 6 +1)=Ici-(ki -ko)e-( '5 +1')2,12c2 (4) 5. The PWM sliding ode control method based on Gaussian adoption according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the wireless power transfer system comprises a coupling system, a rectifier circuit and the Buck circuit, the coupling system is connected to the Buck circuit through the rectifier circuit, the coupling system implements contactless transfer of energy, the rectifier circuit converts an alternating current (AC) signal into a direct current (DC) signal, and the Buck circuit manages the output voltage 6. The PWM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption according to claim 5, wherein the coupling system comprises an AC voltage source VS having a frequency of 2.MIlz: an internal power supply resistor Rs, a transmit inductor L1 two resonant and L3 a receive inductor 1H, four resonant capacitors Ci-C4 and three parasitic resistors 7. The PRIM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adoption according to claim 5_ wherein the rectifier circuit comprises a thil-bridge rectifier DI and a filter capacitor Cs.8. The PWM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian lion according to claim 5, wherein the Buck circuit comprises an inductor L.5.2 a. capacitor C. a freewheel diode.P2 and an output resistor t 9. The PWM sliding mode control method based on Gaussian adaption according to claim S ?, KT,L,(-1); K2= ilrL,C, R,Jutcs: A wherein, and the two Gaussian fiinctions are inputs of K1 and K2 respectively.
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US20170106756A1 (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fuzzy logic based sliding mode control of variable voltage converter |
US20180194237A1 (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2018-07-12 | The Florida International University Board Of Trustees | Wireless power electronics and controls |
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US20170106756A1 (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fuzzy logic based sliding mode control of variable voltage converter |
US20180194237A1 (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2018-07-12 | The Florida International University Board Of Trustees | Wireless power electronics and controls |
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