GB2571504A - Buildings and methods of constructing buildings - Google Patents

Buildings and methods of constructing buildings Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2571504A
GB2571504A GB1719453.1A GB201719453A GB2571504A GB 2571504 A GB2571504 A GB 2571504A GB 201719453 A GB201719453 A GB 201719453A GB 2571504 A GB2571504 A GB 2571504A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
module
foundation layer
building
prefabricated building
foundation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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GB1719453.1A
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GB201719453D0 (en
Inventor
Brown Wayne
Broadhurst Steve
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Expanding Solutions Ltd
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Expanding Solutions Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Expanding Solutions Ltd filed Critical Expanding Solutions Ltd
Publication of GB201719453D0 publication Critical patent/GB201719453D0/en
Publication of GB2571504A publication Critical patent/GB2571504A/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/48—Special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The building comprises a foundation slab 2 a base foundation layer 3 located on the slab and a pre-fabricated module on the base foundation layer. The building module includes on its bottom surface a module foundation layer 4. The module foundation layer may include cut out channels for receiving pipe work for water. The base foundation layer and the module foundation layer may be made from insulating expanded polystyrene. Also claimed is a method of constructing a building. A floor panel may be mounted on the module foundation layer.

Description

Buildings and methods of constructing buildings
Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns buildings and methods of constructing buildings. In particular, the invention concerns buildings constructed using prefabricated building modules, and the foundations thereof.
Background of the Invention
A known method of building construction, particularly (but not exclusively) for domestic homes, uses prefabricated building modules. The prefabricated modules may correspond to rooms of a building, floors of a building, or even an entire building itself. The prefabricated building modules are manufactured off-site in advance (hence prefabricated), and then transported to the building site where the building is to be located. The prefabricated building modules are then assembled into the finished building, by placing them onto a foundation at the site of the building, for example a concrete foundation laid prior to the prefabricated building modules being positioned in place .
Often, the prefabricated building modules are manufactured off-site complete with required features such as windows and doors. Where a prefabricated building module provides a bathroom, kitchen or the like, the required sinks, toilets, baths etc. can be installed within the prefabricated building module off-site, complete with all the required plumbing, before the prefabricated building module is transported to the building site.
A problem with this type of building construction is that it requires the foundation to be very precisely and accurately laid, as if the upper surface of the foundation is not level, the prefabricated building modules can become distorted when they are positioned on the foundation. This can cause issues with features such as doors and windows, as their frames may become distorted so that they no longer fit correctly, and the doors and windows themselves can become damaged or broken due to the distortion. Further, where a prefabricated building module includes plumbing or other services there will be pipework emerging from the underneath of the prefabricated building module that needs to be connected to pipework emerging from the upper surface of foundation, to provide cold water supply and waste water removal, for example. Again, the pipework needs to be very precisely and accurately positioned in the concrete foundation, which often does not occur leading to problems when connected up the pipework.
The present invention seeks to solve and/or mitigate the above-mentioned problems. Additionally and/or alternatively, the present invention seeks to provide improved buildings and improved methods of constructing buildings .
Summary of the Invention
In accordance with a first aspect of the invention there is provided a building comprising:
a foundation slab;
a base foundation layer positioned on the foundation slab; and one or more prefabricated building modules positioned on the base foundation layer;
wherein each prefabricated building module of the one or more prefabricated building modules comprises on its bottom surface a module foundation layer.
By having a base foundation layer on top of the foundation slab, and a module foundation layer on the bottom of the prefabricated building modules, the upper surface of the foundation slab does not need to be precisely level (i.e. flat) to avoid distortion of the prefabricated building modules. This is because the upper surface of the base foundation layer can be made very level, for example by providing pre-cut blocks with a precisely level upper surface that can be positioned on the foundation slab to form the base foundation layer, so presenting a level upper surface to the prefabricated building modules. The lower surface of the module foundation layers can be then in a similar fashion be made very level, so when the prefabricated building modules are positioned on the foundation slab the very level bottom surface of the module foundation layers are being positioned on the very level upper surface of the base foundation layer, and so no distortion of the prefabricated building modules occurs.
Further, a base foundation layer of the required height for the foundation slab can be provided, meaning that the upper surface of the foundation slab does not need to be at a precise height in order for the floor level of the prefabricated building modules to be as desired. Finally, the module foundation layers can be included in the prefabricated building modules prior to them being transported to the building site where the building is to be located, giving them increased strength and robustness during transportation.
The foundation slab may be concrete, compacted granular material or any other suitable foundation material. The foundation may comprise hardcore or sub-base material (an unbound sand and gravel layer used in road foundations), for example .
The base foundation layer and/or module foundation layers may be formed of plurality of blocks. The blocks may be may be fixed together, for example glued.
Preferably, the base foundation layer and/or the module foundation layers are formed of an insulating polymer. Preferably, insulating polymer is expanded polystyrene. Preferably, the expanded polystyrene is high-strength expanded polystyrene. It may have a compressive strength of 90kN/m2 or above. It may have a compressive strength of 150kN/m2 or above. It will be appreciated that different strengths may be used depending on the size and weight of the building to be supported.
Alternatively, the insulating panels may be formed of any material from the group of extruded polystyrene, polyurethane or polyisocyanurate. The material may have a thermal conductivity of 0.050W/mK or below. The material may have a thermal conductivity of 0.040W/mK or below. Preferably, the material has a thermal conductivity of 0.036W/mK or below. Advantageously, the material has a thermal conductivity of 0.031W/mK or below. The material may have a thermal conductivity of 0.021W/mK or below. It will be appreciated that other suitable insulating materials could be used.
Advantageously, the module foundation layer of at least one prefabricated building module comprises a plurality of channels. The channels may be open to the upper surface of the module foundation layer. This can provide ventilation, for example to prevent condensation on the underside of any floor layer above the module foundation layer. The channels may be also open to one or more of the horizontal surfaces of the module foundation layer (i.e. the sides).
Advantageously, one or more pipes are positioned in the plurality of channels. These pipes may be to provide services such as water, gas, waste removal, and/or may contain cables for electrical supply, telecommunications or the like. Preferably, a first end of a pipe of the one or more pipes extends into the prefabricated building module. In this way, services can be provided into the interior of the prefabricated building module. The pipes may be positioned in channels used for ventilation, or in channels formed in the module foundation layer specifically for the pipes .
Advantageously, a second end of a pipe of the one or more pipes extends from a horizontal surface of the module foundation layer. In this way, the pipes can be connected up to the required services. Particularly advantageously, the services can be connected up after the prefabricated building module has been positioned in place.
Preferably, at least one prefabricated building module comprises a floor panel mounted on the upper surface of the module foundation layer. The floor panel may for example be formed of timber. The floor panel may for example comprise layers of strips of timber forming a cross-laminated timber construction. It will be appreciated that other suitable floor layers could be mounted on the module foundation layer .
In accordance with a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method of constructing a building for location at a building site, comprising the steps of:
constructing one or more prefabricated building modules, wherein each prefabricated building module of the one or more prefabricated building modules comprises on its bottom surface a module foundation layer;
positioning a base foundation layer on a foundation slab at the site for the building; and positioning the one or more prefabricated building modules on the base foundation layer.
Preferably, the one or more prefabricated building modules are constructed at a location remote from the building site. In particular, the prefabricated building modules may be constructed in a factory and then transported to the building site.
Preferably, the base foundation layer and/or the module foundation layers are formed of an insulating polymer. Preferably, the insulating polymer is expanded polystyrene.
Advantageously, the step of constructing at least one of the one or more prefabricated building modules comprises the steps of:
providing the module foundation layer;
fixing a floor panel to the upper surface of the module foundation layer; and constructing the upper part of the prefabricated building module on the floor panel.
Advantageously, the module foundation layer of at least one prefabricated building module comprises a plurality of channels. Advantageously, the step of constructing at least one of the one or more prefabricated building modules comprises the step of positioning one or more pipes in the plurality of channels. Preferably, a first end of a pipe of the one or more pipes extends into the prefabricated building module.
Advantageously, a second end of a pipe of the one or more pipes extends from a horizontal surface of the module foundation layer. In this case, advantageously the method further comprises, subsequent to positioning the one or more prefabricated building modules on the base foundation layer, the step of connecting the second end of the pipe to a service .
Advantageously, the method further comprises, prior to positioning a base foundation layer on a foundation slab, the steps of:
- 8 measuring a distance from the upper surface of the foundation slab to the desired lower surface of the one or more prefabricated building modules; and constructing the base foundation layer, wherein the height of the base foundation layer is determined using the measured distance. In this way, foundation slab with upper surfaces at different heights can be accommodated, while using module foundation layers that are always of same height, as the base foundation layer can be provided with the necessary height for the building to always be at the desired level. Particularly advantageously the base foundation layer can comprise blocks of expanded polystyrene formed or cut to the required height.
It will of course be appreciated that features described in relation to one aspect of the present invention may be incorporated into other aspects of the present invention .
Description of the Drawings
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings of which:
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a foundation part of a building in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the foundation part of the building of Figure 1;
Figure 3a is a perspective view of an insulating block of the building of Figure 1;
Figure 3b is an end view of the insulating block of Figure 3a;
Figure 3c is a top view of the insulating block of Figures 3a and 3b;
Figure 4a is a perspective view of an insulating end panel of the building of Figure 1;
Figure 4b is an end view of the insulating end panel of Figure 4a;
Figure 5a is a perspective view of an insulating side panel of the building of Figure 1;
Figure 5b is a side view of the insulating side panel of Figure 5a
Figure 6a is a module foundation layer in accordance with another embodiment of the invention;
Figure 6b is a top view of the module foundation layer of Figure 6a;
Figure 6c is a cross-sectional view of the module foundation layer of Figure 6a;
Figures 6d to 6f are perspective views of component
Figure blocks of the module foundation layer of Figure 6a; 7a is a module foundation layer in accordance with
Figure another embodiment of the invention; 7b is a top view of the module foundation layer of Figure 7a;
Figure 7c is a cross-sectional view of the module foundation layer of Figure 7a; and
Figures 7d to 7h are perspective views of component blocks of the module foundation layer of Figure 7a.
Detailed Description
A building in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to Figures 1 and
2. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a foundation part of the building 1, while Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the foundation part of the building
1.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a depression in the ground has within it a foundation slab 2. The foundation slab 2 may be concrete, compacted granular material or any other suitable foundation material. Positioned on top of the foundation slab 2 is a base foundation layer 3. The base foundation layer 3 comprises a plurality of blocks 13 of expanded polystyrene, which are positioned side by side on the foundation slab 2 so as to form a solid layer. As discussed below, the blocks 13 are provided having a height based on the level of the upper surface of the foundation slab 2 and the desired floor level of the building 1.
The body of the building 1 is formed from one or more prefabricated building modules. The bottom layer of a prefabricated building module can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, in which the prefabricated building module has yet to be positioned on the base foundation layer 3, and so a gap is shown between the upper surface of the base foundation layer 3 and the bottom surface of the prefabricated building module. Once in position, the bottom surface of the prefabricated building module will rest upon the upper surface of the base foundation layer 4.
The bottom surface of the prefabricated building module comprises a module foundation layer 4. Similarly to the base foundation layer 3, the module foundation layer 4 comprises a plurality of blocks 14 of expanded polystyrene, which are positioned side by side to form a solid layer. A block 14 is shown in more detail in Figures 3a, 3b and 3c. The upper surface of the block 14 has in it channels 14a that run the length of the upper surface.
The module foundation layer 4 also comprises end panels 15, positioned along first and second opposite sides of the module foundation layer 4. An end panel 15 is shown in more detail in Figures 4a and 4b, along with the adjacent block
14. The end panel 15 has holes 15a, positioned and sized so that when the end panel 15 is positioned next to the block 14, the channels 14a of the block 14 are accessible through the holes 15a of the end panel 15. As can be seen, the end panel 15 is taller than the block 14, so that while their bottom edges are at the same level, the end panel 15 extends above the upper surface of the block 14.
The module foundation layer 4 also comprises side panels 16, positioned along the remaining opposite sides of the module foundation layer 4. A side panel 16 is shown in more detail in Figures 5a and 5b, again along with the adjacent block 14. The side panel 16 is a solid panel, and as can be seen, similarly to the end panel 15, the solid panel 16 is taller than the block 14 so that while their bottom edges are at the same level, the side panel 16 similarly extends above the upper surface of the block 14.
While as mentioned above and discussed below the blocks of the base foundation layer 3 are sized as required for the level of the foundation slab 2 on which they are positioned, the blocks 14 of the module foundation layer 4 are of a standard height of 450mm. The maximum width of a house module for road transportation is 4.8m, and so the module foundation layer 4 is made from alternating rows of a single 4.8m block and two 2.4m blocks, all of which can be cut from standard length 7.2m blocks of expanded polystyrene. However, while particular dimensions and arrangements of the blocks 14 are described here, it will be appreciated that various other suitable dimensions and arrangements of blocks could be used in other embodiments of the invention.
The bottom surface of the prefabricated building module further comprises a floor panel 5 mounted on the module foundation layer 4. The floor panel 5 comprise layers of strips of timber of thickness 40mm, giving a cross-laminated timber layer of thickness 160mm. Again, it will be appreciated that various other dimensions and arrangements of timber strips could be used, and indeed entirely different types and constructions of floor layer could be used in other embodiments of the invention.
As can be seen in Figure 1, a first pipe 10 extends through the module foundation layer 4, a first end of the pipe 10 extending beyond the side of the module foundation layer 4. A second end of the pipe 10 is connected to a second pipe 11, which extends through the floor panel 5 into the interior of the prefabricated building module, where it is connected to a sink, bath or the like, or to whatever is within the prefabricated building module that requires services supplied from outside the prefabricated building module .
The completed building 1 will comprise an external skin to the walls of the modules that may be of brick, tile, render finish or the like. In embodiments of the invention, module foundation layer 4 can incorporate a support that can hold the weight of the external skin. In a particular embodiment, a wider side panel than the side panel 16 is used in the module foundation layer 4. This wider side panel can for example be between 300mm and 350mm in width. Further, in certain embodiments the wider side panel can be formed of a higher-strength expanded polystyrene material with a strength of 170kN/m2 or even 190kN/m2.
The construction of the building 1 is now described. First, off-site in a factory the required prefabricated building modules for the building 1 are constructed.
For each prefabricated building module, first the module foundation layer 4 is constructed using a plurality of blocks 14, which are positioned side by side. The blocks 14 may be glued together. The floor panel 5 is then constructed on the upper surface of the blocks 14 using strips of timber. The strips are glued to the blocks 14, thus also acting to hold the module foundation layer 4 together. The end panels 15 and side panels 16 are then fixed to the sides of the blocks 14 and the floor panel 5.
The rest of the prefabricated building module, i.e. the walls, ceiling, windows, doors, sinks, etc., is then constructed on top of the floor panel 5. Any required pipework is positioned in and through the module foundation layer 4. The pipework may be positioned in the channels 14a of the blocks 14, or through the body of the blocks 14 themselves. As well as providing a place in which to position any required pipework, the channels 14a provide ventilation so helping to prevent condensation on the lower surface of the floor panel 5.
Once the prefabricated building modules have been constructed, they are transported to the building site where the building is to be located.
At the building site, a depression is dug into the ground where the building is to be located. The foundation slab 2 is formed in the depression. The distance from the upper surface of the foundation slab 2 to the desired floor level of the building 1 is then determined.
The blocks 13 of the base foundation layer 3 are then provided, with a height as required to make the floor level of the building 1 as desired. This may be done by cutting the blocks 13 so that they are the required height, for example. The blocks 13 are then positioned side by side on the foundation slab 2, to form the base foundation layer. The blocks 13 may be fixed in place, for example by gluing to each other and/or the foundation slab 2.
The prefabricated building modules are then positioned in place on the base foundation layer 3. Once positioned, the pipework, for example the first pipe 10, is connected to the required services, for example the water supply.
In this way, the upper surface of the foundation slab 2 does not need to be very precise and accurate. If the upper surface of the foundation slab 2 is not level, then the upper surface of the base foundation layer 3 will nevertheless be level and so no distortion to the prefabricated building modules will occur. Further, the upper surface of the foundation slab 2 does not need to be at a precise height, as the required height of blocks 13 can be provided to form the base foundation layer 3 so that the floor level of the prefabricated building modules is nevertheless as desired. Finally, pipework does not need to precisely and accurately positioned in the foundation slab 2, as instead it and pipework is connected up after the prefabricated building modules are in place, as the required pipes extend from the sides of the module foundation layers 4 of the prefabricated building modules, rather than from their bottom surfaces.
A module foundation layer in accordance with another embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to Figures 6a to 6f. In order to save weight (and cost), it may be desirable to omit the floor panel 5 of the above embodiment, and instead use standard timber joists. However, the floor panel 5 acted to strengthen the module, to avoid torsion and twisting when it was lifted into position. In addition, by omitting the floor panel 5 the whole weight of the building is transmitted to the foundation along the perimeter only rather than across the whole area.
In order to allow for the omission of the floor panel 5, the module foundation layer 100 of the present embodiment comprises a perimeter of edge blocks 101 of higher-strength EPS, to give greater structural strength. The inside of the module foundation layer 100 within the perimeter is then comprised of centre blocks 102 of lower-density EPS, which are less strong but provide better thermal insulation. It will be appreciated that differently dimensioned edge blocks 101 and centre blocks 102 can be used as required to form the complete module foundation layer 100.
The edge blocks 101 and centre blocks 102 are mounted on a sheet 103 of EPS, which can be of variable height as required.
A module foundation layer in accordance with another embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to Figures 7a to 7h. The module foundation layer 200 is alternative design to the module foundation layer 100 of the previous embodiment, again to support perimeter loading. In the module foundation layer 200 of the present embodiment, angled blocks of EPS are to allow the load to be spread within the module foundation layer 200. This reduces the load that is then applied onto the lower part of the foundation (again a sheet 205 of EPS), thus reducing the density of EPS that needs to be used for this part of the system.
In particular, the module foundation layer 200 of the present embodiment comprises a perimeter of edge blocks 201 and 202 of higher-strength EPS, which are sloped downwards both towards the outside and the inside of the module foundation layer 200. The inside of the module foundation layer 200 within the perimeter is then comprised of centre blocks 203 and 204 of lower-density EPS, which are less strong but provide better thermal insulation. The centre blocks 203 are sloped from their bottom upwards on one edge, and are arranged on the inside of the perimeter, so that they sit upon the inside sloped surfaces of the edge blocks 201 and 202. The centre blocks 204 are then simple rectangular (cuboid) blocks that make up the interior of the module foundation layer 200. Again, it will be appreciated that differently dimensioned edge blocks 201 and 202 and centre blocks 203 and 204 can be used as required to form the complete module foundation layer 200.
The edge blocks 201 and 202 and centre blocks 203 and 204 are again mounted on a sheet 205 of EPS, which again can be of variable height as required, and as discussed above can be of lower-density EPS due to the spreading of weight by the sloped surfaces of the edge blocks 201 and 202.
While the present invention has been described and illustrated with reference to particular embodiments, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the invention lends itself to many different variations not specifically illustrated herein. The skilled person will in particular appreciate that the insulating panels could be shaped in various alternative ways while still being in accordance with the invention.

Claims (19)

1. A building comprising:
a foundation slab;
a base foundation layer positioned on the foundation slab; and one or more prefabricated building modules positioned on the base foundation layer;
wherein each prefabricated building module of the one or more prefabricated building modules comprises on its bottom surface a module foundation layer.
2. A building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base foundation layer and/or the module foundation layers are formed of an insulating polymer.
3. A building as claimed in claim 2, wherein the insulating polymer is expanded polystyrene.
4. A building as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the module foundation layer of at least one prefabricated building module comprises a plurality of channels.
5. A building as claimed in claim 4, wherein one or more pipes are positioned in the plurality of channels.
6. A building as claimed in claim 5, wherein a first end of a pipe of the one or more pipes extends into the prefabricated building module.
7. A building as claimed in claim 6, wherein a second end of a pipe of the one or more pipes extends from a horizontal surface of the module foundation layer.
8. A building as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at least one prefabricated building module comprises a floor panel mounted on the upper surface of the module foundation layer .
9. A method of constructing a building for location at a building site, comprising the steps of:
constructing one or more prefabricated building modules, wherein each prefabricated building module of the one or more prefabricated building modules comprises on its bottom surface a module foundation layer;
positioning a base foundation layer on a foundation slab at the site for the building; and positioning the one or more prefabricated building modules on the base foundation layer.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the one or more prefabricated building modules are constructed at a location remote from the building site.
11. A method as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein the base foundation layer and/or the module foundation layers are formed of an insulating polymer.
12. A method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the insulating polymer is expanded polystyrene.
13. A method as claimed in any of claims 9 or 12, wherein the step of constructing at least one of the one or more prefabricated building modules comprises the steps of:
providing the module foundation layer;
fixing a floor panel to the upper surface of the module foundation layer; and constructing the upper part of the prefabricated building module on the floor panel.
14. A method as claimed in any of claims 9 to 13, wherein the module foundation layer of at least one prefabricated building module comprises a plurality of channels.
15. A method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the step of constructing at least one of the one or more prefabricated building modules comprises the step of positioning one or more pipes in the plurality of channels.
16. A method as claimed in claim 15, wherein a first end of a pipe of the one or more pipes extends into the prefabricated building module.
17. A method as claimed in claim 15 or 16, wherein a second end of a pipe of the one or more pipes extends from a horizontal surface of the module foundation layer.
18. A method as claimed in claim 17, further comprising, subsequent to positioning the one or more prefabricated building modules on the base foundation layer, the step of connecting the second end of the pipe to a service.
19. A method as claimed in any of claims 9 to 18, further comprising, prior to positioning a base foundation layer on a foundation slab, the steps of:
measuring a distance from the upper surface of the foundation slab to the desired lower surface of the one or more prefabricated building modules; and constructing the base foundation layer, wherein the height of the base foundation layer is determined using the measured distance.
GB1719453.1A 2017-10-05 2017-11-23 Buildings and methods of constructing buildings Withdrawn GB2571504A (en)

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WO2022220719A1 (en) 2021-04-13 2022-10-20 Klara 500/1 Ab A prefabricated construction foundation element, a method for manufacturing said foundation element and a method for building a construction foundation
WO2022258682A1 (en) * 2021-06-10 2022-12-15 Zimmerei Ziegler GmbH Base plate for structures, method of making a base plate, use of a base plate
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US11885145B2 (en) 2021-05-20 2024-01-30 Sano Development Limited Hybrid building system, building and method

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