GB2567141B - Moulding method - Google Patents

Moulding method Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2567141B
GB2567141B GB1715381.8A GB201715381A GB2567141B GB 2567141 B GB2567141 B GB 2567141B GB 201715381 A GB201715381 A GB 201715381A GB 2567141 B GB2567141 B GB 2567141B
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
moulding method
moulding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
GB1715381.8A
Other versions
GB2567141A8 (en
GB2567141A (en
GB201715381D0 (en
Inventor
De Keyser Hendrik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vyncolit NV
Original Assignee
Vyncolit NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vyncolit NV filed Critical Vyncolit NV
Priority to GB1715381.8A priority Critical patent/GB2567141B/en
Publication of GB201715381D0 publication Critical patent/GB201715381D0/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/075679 priority patent/WO2019057929A1/en
Publication of GB2567141A publication Critical patent/GB2567141A/en
Publication of GB2567141A8 publication Critical patent/GB2567141A8/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2567141B publication Critical patent/GB2567141B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0005—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor using fibre reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/487—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with consecutive casings or screws, e.g. for feeding, discharging, mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/84—Venting or degassing ; Removing liquids, e.g. by evaporating components
    • B29B7/845—Venting, degassing or removing evaporated components in devices with rotary stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
    • B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C31/00—Handling, e.g. feeding of the material to be shaped, storage of plastics material before moulding; Automation, i.e. automated handling lines in plastics processing plants, e.g. using manipulators or robots
    • B29C31/04—Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity
    • B29C31/08—Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity of preforms to be moulded, e.g. tablets, fibre reinforced preforms, extruded ribbons, tubes or profiles; Manipulating means specially adapted for feeding preforms, e.g. supports conveyors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2886—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials, e.g. thin fibrous reinforcements or fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/91—Heating, e.g. for cross linking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
    • B29C69/001—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore a shaping technique combined with cutting, e.g. in parts or slices combined with rearranging and joining the cut parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/02—Transfer moulding, i.e. transferring the required volume of moulding material by a plunger from a "shot" cavity into a mould cavity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/475—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using pistons, accumulators or press rams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
    • B29C69/02—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore of moulding techniques only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
GB1715381.8A 2017-09-22 2017-09-22 Moulding method Expired - Fee Related GB2567141B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1715381.8A GB2567141B (en) 2017-09-22 2017-09-22 Moulding method
PCT/EP2018/075679 WO2019057929A1 (en) 2017-09-22 2018-09-21 Method of moulding a fibre-reinforced thermosetting resin to form a moulded article

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1715381.8A GB2567141B (en) 2017-09-22 2017-09-22 Moulding method

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201715381D0 GB201715381D0 (en) 2017-11-08
GB2567141A GB2567141A (en) 2019-04-10
GB2567141A8 GB2567141A8 (en) 2019-04-17
GB2567141B true GB2567141B (en) 2020-05-27

Family

ID=60244362

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1715381.8A Expired - Fee Related GB2567141B (en) 2017-09-22 2017-09-22 Moulding method

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2567141B (en)
WO (1) WO2019057929A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2584594B (en) * 2019-03-15 2023-08-30 Vyncolit N V Moulding method
JP6989044B1 (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-01-05 住友ベークライト株式会社 Manufacturing method of sealed structure and tablet

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3746489A (en) * 1970-12-28 1973-07-17 Usm Corp Apparatus for injecting molding reinforced plastic articles
JPS6097807A (en) * 1983-11-02 1985-05-31 Hitachi Micro Comput Eng Ltd Resin tablet
JPS6253805A (en) * 1985-08-31 1987-03-09 Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd Tablet for transfer press molding
EP0416859A1 (en) * 1989-09-05 1991-03-13 Composite Products, Inc. Extruder apparatus and process for compounding themoplastic resin and fibers
US5043199A (en) * 1988-10-31 1991-08-27 Fujitsu Limited Resin tablet for plastic encapsulation and method of manufacturing of plastic encapsulation using the resin tablet
WO2004052629A1 (en) * 2002-12-11 2004-06-24 Honeywell International Inc. Process and apparatus for through thickness infiltration with molten resin
US20060199893A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2006-09-07 Magna International Inc. Method and system of compounding fiber reinforced thermoplastic
WO2009147227A1 (en) * 2008-06-06 2009-12-10 Kraussmaffei Technologies Gmbh Injection unit
US20160214278A1 (en) * 2013-11-05 2016-07-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for Producing a Semi-Finished Product to be Made into a CFRP Component, from Carbon-Fiber Scrap

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5165941A (en) * 1989-09-05 1992-11-24 Composite Products, Inc. Extruder apparatus and process for compounding thermoplastic resin and fibres
US5401154A (en) * 1993-05-26 1995-03-28 Continental Structural Plastics, Inc. Apparatus for compounding a fiber reinforced thermoplastic material and forming parts therefrom
US6106274A (en) * 1995-08-30 2000-08-22 The Budd Company Molding apparatus with charge overflow
US7208219B2 (en) * 1997-12-18 2007-04-24 Lrm Industries, Llc Thermoplastic molding process and apparatus
DE10021730A1 (en) * 2000-05-04 2001-11-08 Krupp Werner & Pfleiderer Gmbh Plant for the preparation and processing of thermoplastic
DE10145308C1 (en) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-13 Daimler Chrysler Ag Weight variation reduction in cut and stacked sheet molding compound sections for series production of composite components uses of a reference section for determination of the size of all other sections cut from the same mat
US20120091615A1 (en) * 2010-10-06 2012-04-19 Wenzel Edward J Method and apparatus for providing reinforced composite materials with emi shielding

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3746489A (en) * 1970-12-28 1973-07-17 Usm Corp Apparatus for injecting molding reinforced plastic articles
JPS6097807A (en) * 1983-11-02 1985-05-31 Hitachi Micro Comput Eng Ltd Resin tablet
JPS6253805A (en) * 1985-08-31 1987-03-09 Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd Tablet for transfer press molding
US5043199A (en) * 1988-10-31 1991-08-27 Fujitsu Limited Resin tablet for plastic encapsulation and method of manufacturing of plastic encapsulation using the resin tablet
EP0416859A1 (en) * 1989-09-05 1991-03-13 Composite Products, Inc. Extruder apparatus and process for compounding themoplastic resin and fibers
WO2004052629A1 (en) * 2002-12-11 2004-06-24 Honeywell International Inc. Process and apparatus for through thickness infiltration with molten resin
US20060199893A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2006-09-07 Magna International Inc. Method and system of compounding fiber reinforced thermoplastic
WO2009147227A1 (en) * 2008-06-06 2009-12-10 Kraussmaffei Technologies Gmbh Injection unit
US20160214278A1 (en) * 2013-11-05 2016-07-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for Producing a Semi-Finished Product to be Made into a CFRP Component, from Carbon-Fiber Scrap

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Ravi Kumar, "Compression Moulding", published 2013, Youtube, [Online], Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZG6YnM5UgQ [Accessed 15/04/19] *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2019057929A1 (en) 2019-03-28
GB2567141A8 (en) 2019-04-17
GB2567141A (en) 2019-04-10
GB201715381D0 (en) 2017-11-08

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Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20210922