GB2564423A - Apparatus and method for determining an indicator of the macrotexture of a road surface - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for determining an indicator of the macrotexture of a road surface Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2564423A GB2564423A GB1710968.7A GB201710968A GB2564423A GB 2564423 A GB2564423 A GB 2564423A GB 201710968 A GB201710968 A GB 201710968A GB 2564423 A GB2564423 A GB 2564423A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- road surface
- laser
- line
- road
- profde
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/026—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by measuring distance between sensor and object
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/04—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness specially adapted for measuring length or width of objects while moving
- G01B11/043—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness specially adapted for measuring length or width of objects while moving for measuring length
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0608—Height gauges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0691—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of objects while moving
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/22—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring depth
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
- G01B11/303—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces using photoelectric detection means
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Road Repair (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
A method of determining the macro-texture of a road surface 7A by moving a laser meter 1 over the road surface taking distance measurements to determine profile data of the road surface in the direction X that the laser meter is moving over the road surface. The laser meter being arranged to take multiple distance measurements at each point along the road surface where a distance measurement is taken, the multiple distance measurements being taken about a line that extends laterally to the direction that the laser is moving over the road so as to also derive profile data of the road surface about the line. In this way profile data about two axes across the road surface can be derived for a known area of the road surface to provide a more accurate means of determining the macro-texture of the road surface.
Description
Apparatus and Method for Determining an Indicator of the Macrotexture of a Road Surface
The surface texture (roughness) of a road has a significant effect on the performance and handling, including breaking distance, of vehicles travelling across it. Macrotexture is a class of road surface texture associated with deviations from a planer and smooth surface that have a magnitude between 0.5mm-50mm. Deviations greater than this range fall within a class of texture known as megatexture. Deviations smaller than 0.5mm are classed as microtexture roughness. Because of the different magnitudes of the deviations associated with the respective classes, different methods are used to measure microtexture, macrotexture and megatexture respectively.
The traditional method of assessing macrotexture involves pouring a known volume of a particulate material, usually sand or glass beads, onto the road and spreading the particulate material out to fill the cavities within the surface until the whole volume of particulate material is level with the rolling surface (surface upon which the wheel of a vehicle is supported) on the road. The area of road covered by the particulate material is then measured. An indication of the macrotexture called the Mean Texture Depth is calculated by dividing the volume of the particulate material by the measured area.
Technicians carrying out the assessments need to sit or crouch on the road leaving them vulnerable to oncoming traffic. Consequently, following surfacing works, the assessments are typically carried out before the road is opened. This delays road opening and often introduces complexity to planning as the assessments are typically carried out by technicians from a testing company that is independent from that carrying out the road works. The technician needs to be present on site at a time appropriate to minimise delay to the opening of the road, but not prematurely which is a waste of the testing company’s resources. Further, because practical reasons allow for only a limited volume of particulate material to be used per assessment, a single assessment only provides an indication of the mean texture depth based on a limited test area, and thus multiple assessments at different locations may be needed to provide a result that is more representative of the macrotexture of the road surface as a whole.
The present invention was conceived to provide an improved method of determining road surface macrotexture.
According to the invention there is provided a method of determining the macrotexture of a road surface and/or an indicator thereof, the method including providing a laser meter above the road surface; moving said laser meter over the road surface and taking distance measurements to determine profde data of the road surface in the direction that the laser meter is moving over the road surface, and wherein the laser meter is arranged to take distance measurements about a line that extends laterally to the direction that the laser is moving over the road to derive profde data of the road surface about the line.
In this way profde data about two axes across the road surface can be derived for a known area of the road surface, which in turn can be used derive an indicator of the macrotexture of the road surface.
Determining an indicator of the macrotexture may include using distance measurements about the line to derive an average (e.g. mean) profde depth for that line. The average profde depth for the line may calculated by deriving an average (e.g. mean) of the distance measurements obtained along the line and subtracting this from a measure associated with the peak height of the surface along the line (i.e. the point on the line measured to be closest to the laser meter).
Determining the indicator of the macrotexture may further include calculating an average (e.g. mean) of the average profde depths about multiple lines spaced in the direction of movement of the laser meter. The resulting average of the average profile depths equates to the Mean Texture Depth calculated using the traditional particulate material method mentioned above.
By selecting the number of lines used to derive the average of the average profile depths, the test area used to derive the macrotexture indicator can be varied. This provides improved flexibility and accuracy as the method makes it straightforward to selected the size of the test area and derive a macrotexture indicator based on a large test area compared with the particulate material method
The laser meter may be mounted on a vehicle that travels along the road. This provides a convenient method of collecting measurement data over a large test area and avoids the need for a technician to be seated/crouched over the road when carrying out the test. A corollary is that macrotexture data can be collected once the road has been opened.
At least some of the measurements may be taken whilst the speed of vehicle is equal or above 8 kph, optionally up to 80 kph, favourably above 50 kph. This reduces the time to collect data for a given road area and reduces the disruption the testing vehicle may cause to traffic flow.
Favourably the laser meter includes a blue light emitting laser (e.g. emitting light at wavelength between about 260 nm and 480 nm inclusive) to project blue light onto the road surface. The shorter wavelength of a blue laser (compared with a red laser) allows for more accurate measurements and improved measurement readings from low reflectance dark surfaces, which is a characteristic of many road surfaces.
The laser meter is favourably arranged to project a laser line onto the road surface. Preferably the laser line extends across the road surface for a distance of at least 100mm, and favourably at least 200mm (in both cases straight-line distance across road surface). This allows a test area of sufficient width to be profiled in a single pass of the laser meter across the road, that will provide a representative test area for determining a macrotexture indicator. As the laser meter moves across the surface, the laser line may also passes across the surface in order to provide the multiple lines spaced in the direction of movement of the laser meter.
The method of deriving profile data may account for the change in the distance between the laser meter and the rolling surface. This may be implemented in part by identifying changes in the distance of the rolling surface from the laser meter
The invention will now be described with reference to the Figures in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic of apparatus for determining an indicator of macro texture of a road surface; and
Figure 2 is a schematic of the laser meter of the apparatus of Figure 1 showing the laser line beam.
The apparatus comprises a laser meter 1 and processing means 2. The laser meter 1 includes a laser 3, lens arrangement 4 and detector 5. The processing means 2, which includes user interface 2A, may be implemented in part through suitably programmed hardware using techniques known to those in the art. Some or all of the functions of the processing means 2 may be carried out by programmed hardware carried within the body of the laser meter 1 and/or by a separate computer.
The laser meter 1 is mounted to a vehicle 6 arranged to carry the laser meter 1 in a direction X across a test area of road 7 having surface 7A (shown with exaggerated roughness) for which an indication of macrotexture is to be determined. The vehicle 6 may travel over the road surface at any speed, but favourably does so between 8kph and the speed limit on said road, up to 80kph, in order to match that of other traffic along the road. Often, the vehicle may travel at a speed in excess of 50kph.
The laser 3 is adapted to emit a beam of coherent blue light, i.e. having a wavelength between 260 and 480 nm inclusive. The lens arrangement 4 is adapted to optically modify the beam so as to project a static laser line 8 (see Fig 2) down onto the road surface 7A. The laser line 8 extends across the road surface 7A orientated normal to the direction of travel X of the vehicle (into the page of Fig 1). The length of the laser line L, and thus the width of the test area, is at least 200mm.
The detector 5 includes a detecting face 5A which lies in a plane that is non-parallel with, and not normal to the axis/plane of the laser line beam 8. The detector 5 is arranged to detect the reflected light 8A of the laser line 8 from the road surface 7A. The detector 5 may include a further lens arrangement (not shown) in order to focus reflected light 8A onto the detecting face 5A. From the relative position and pattern of the reflected light 8A on the detecting face 5A, the processing means 2 derives profde data of the road surface 7A along the laser line 8 comprising distance measurements at points along the laser line 8.
As the laser line 8 moves across the road surface 7A in direction X, the position and pattern of the reflected light 8A changes to reflect changes in the topography of the road surface 7A. Through repeated sampling of the reflected light incident on the detecting face, multiple profde data sets are created as the laser line 8 passes across the surface 7A. Each data set corresponds to profde of the surface along line L at different positions of line L in direction X. The profde data set can be combined (or otherwise used) to provide three-dimensional profde data of the surface 7A of the test area.
In a preferred method, the processing means 2 determines a mean profde depth for each profde data set, then an average of the mean profde depths of all of the data sets in a test area. Each mean profde depth is calculated by calculating a mean distance measure from the distance measurements within a data set (equating to a mean distance measure along laser line L at a particular position along the line in direction X) then subtracting this from a value for the highest point of the surface along the line L (i.e. the point of the surface closest to the laser and thus the smallest distance within the data set). The average of the mean profile depths equates to a Mean Texture Depth for the test area.
In another method, the profile data of a test area 7 is used by the processing means 2 to calculate a cavity volume beneath the rolling surface of the road 7 within the test area. The rolling surface being the upper surface line upon which the vehicle’s 6 wheels are supported by the road 7.
The cavity volume may be determined using any one of various mathematical techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, Space Carving.
The processing means 2 uses the calculated cavity volume to determine the Mean Texture Depth by dividing the cavity volume by the area of test area (calculated based on straight-line distance across road surface i.e. disregarding surface texture), which equals the length of the laser line L multiplied by the dimension of the test area in direction X. The cavity volume method is less preferred because of the increased calculation required to derive a result.
By identify changes in the distance between the rolling surface and the laser meter 1 that are broadly consistent across the length of the line beam 8, movement of the laser meter 1 relative to the road 7 can be identify and accounted for when deriving the profile data. The presence of a camber in the road can be identified, and thus compensated for through determining the presence of a consistent disparity in the distance between the rolling surface across the test area, either about the length L of the laser line or the direction X.
An example of a suitable laser meter which includes accompanying software adapted to derive profile data is the scanCONTROL (TM) laser profile scanner from Micro-Epsilon(TM) of Konigbacher Str., 15, 94496 Ortenburg, Germany, or the Ultra-High Speed In-line Profilometer LJ-V7000 series supplied by Kyence(UK)Ltd of Avebury House, 219-225 Avebury Boulevard, Milton Keynes MK9 1AU, U.K.
In an alternative embodiment, the laser meter may be arranged to project a point light source onto the road surface and comprises means to direct the point source along the laterally extending line L to derive profile information along line L.
Claims (18)
1. A method of determining the macrotexture of a road surface and/or indicator thereof, the method including: providing a laser meter above the road surface; moving said laser meter over the road surface and taking distance measurements to determine profde data of the road surface in the direction that the laser meter is moving over the road surface, and wherein the laser meter is arranged to take distance measurements about a line that extends laterally to the direction that the laser is moving over the road to derive profde data of the road surface about a the line.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the laser is mounted on a vehicle that travels over the road.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the speed of vehicle is equal or above 8 kilometres per hour.
4. A method according to any previous claim wherein determining an indicator of the macrotexture includes using the profde data to derive an average profde depth along that line.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein deriving the average profde depth comprises deriving an average depth along the line and then subtracting this from a value indicative or equal to the peak height of the surface about the line.
6. A method according to claim 4 or 5 wherein determining an indicator of the macrotexture includes calculating an average of mulitple average profde depths associated with multiple lines spaced in the direction of movement of the laser meter.
7. A method according to any claim 1-3 wherein determining an indicator of the macrotexture includes using the profile data to derive an indicator of the cavity volume below a rolling surface of the road surface.
8. A method according to claim 7 comprising using the derived indicator of the cavity volume to derive a mean texture depth of the road surface.
9. A method according to any previous claim comprising compensating for the changes in distance between the laser meter and a rolling surface.
10. A method according to any previous claim comprising using the laser meter to direct a blue light beam onto the road surface.
11. A method according to any previous claim wherein the laser distance meter is arranged to project a line shaped beam onto the road surface.
12. A method according to any previous claim wherein the laser takes distance measurements along a line of at least 100mm that extends laterally to the direction that the laser is moving over the road.
13. A method according to claim 12 wherein the laser meter takes distance measurements along about a line of at least about 200mm that extends laterally to the direction that the laser meter is moving over the road.
14. Apparatus for determining an indicator of the macrotexture of a road surface, the apparatus comprising: a laser meter suitable for being mounted above a road surface in order to derive profile data in the direction that the laser meter is moved across the surface, and in a second direction lateral to the direction of movement in order to derive profile data of a test area of the road surface; and processing means arranged to use the profde information to determine, for the test area, an average profde depth in the second direction.
15. Apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the processing means is arranged to use the derived average profde depth to derive a mean texture depth of the road surface.
16. Apparatus according to claim 14 or 15 wherein the laser meter is mounted to a vehicle so as to project a light beam onto the road surface.
17. Apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the laser meter is arranged to project a line shaped beam across the road surface.
18. Apparatus according to any claim 14-17 wherein the laser meter is arranged to project a blue light beam onto the road surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1710968.7A GB2564423A (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2017-07-07 | Apparatus and method for determining an indicator of the macrotexture of a road surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1710968.7A GB2564423A (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2017-07-07 | Apparatus and method for determining an indicator of the macrotexture of a road surface |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201710968D0 GB201710968D0 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
| GB2564423A true GB2564423A (en) | 2019-01-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1710968.7A Withdrawn GB2564423A (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2017-07-07 | Apparatus and method for determining an indicator of the macrotexture of a road surface |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| GB (1) | GB2564423A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112577440B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-04-12 | 黑龙江东北林大工程检测有限公司 | Improved generation road surface structure degree of depth detection device |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000009463A (en) * | 1998-06-19 | 2000-01-14 | Japan Aviation Electronics Ind Ltd | Apparatus for measuring ground surface level profile |
| US20020176608A1 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2002-11-28 | Rose David Walter | Surface-profiling system and method therefor |
| US20030137673A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2003-07-24 | Cox Cary B. | Systems, and methods of use, employing distorted patterns to ascertain the shape of a surface, for road or runway profiling, or as input to control pro-active suspension systems |
| JP2004028829A (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method for analyzing surface form, and instrument for measuring surface form |
| US20080184785A1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-07 | Wee Seong-Dong | Apparatus for automatically inspecting road surface pavement condition |
| GB2460892A (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2009-12-23 | Wdm Ltd | Apparatus for measuring carriageway surface properties |
| CN102706880B (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-04-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Road information extraction device based on two-dimensional image and depth information and road crack information detection method based on same |
| CN104032658A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-09-10 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Laser texture depth measuring method, laser texture depth measurement verifying method, laser texture depth measuring device and laser texture depth measurement verifying device |
| US20140303905A1 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-09 | Hyundai Motor Company | System and method for quantifying correlation between road surface profile and road noise |
| JP2015031616A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-16 | 大成ロテック株式会社 | Road surface property measurement device and road surface property measurement method |
| WO2017053415A1 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Quovard Management Llc | Systems and methods for surface monitoring |
-
2017
- 2017-07-07 GB GB1710968.7A patent/GB2564423A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000009463A (en) * | 1998-06-19 | 2000-01-14 | Japan Aviation Electronics Ind Ltd | Apparatus for measuring ground surface level profile |
| US20020176608A1 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2002-11-28 | Rose David Walter | Surface-profiling system and method therefor |
| JP2004028829A (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method for analyzing surface form, and instrument for measuring surface form |
| US20030137673A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2003-07-24 | Cox Cary B. | Systems, and methods of use, employing distorted patterns to ascertain the shape of a surface, for road or runway profiling, or as input to control pro-active suspension systems |
| US20080184785A1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-07 | Wee Seong-Dong | Apparatus for automatically inspecting road surface pavement condition |
| GB2460892A (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2009-12-23 | Wdm Ltd | Apparatus for measuring carriageway surface properties |
| CN102706880B (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-04-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Road information extraction device based on two-dimensional image and depth information and road crack information detection method based on same |
| US20140303905A1 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-09 | Hyundai Motor Company | System and method for quantifying correlation between road surface profile and road noise |
| JP2015031616A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-16 | 大成ロテック株式会社 | Road surface property measurement device and road surface property measurement method |
| CN104032658A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-09-10 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Laser texture depth measuring method, laser texture depth measurement verifying method, laser texture depth measuring device and laser texture depth measurement verifying device |
| WO2017053415A1 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Quovard Management Llc | Systems and methods for surface monitoring |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201710968D0 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
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